Low-loss-rate threshing mechanism of combine harvester

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-loss-rate threshing mechanism of a combine harvester. Relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, in particular to an awn removing assembly which comprises awn removing width discs and awn removing plates, the two awn removing width discs are oppositely arranged between a feeding screw and a width disc, each awn removing width disc is provided with a plurality of mounting plates, the mounting plates are evenly distributed on the awn removing width disc in a circumferential mode, and the awn removing plates are arranged on the awn removing width discs. The awn removing plates are arranged between the two opposite mounting plates, rubber teeth are arranged on the side, away from the awn removing width disc, of each awn removing plate, and awn removing clamping plates are arranged on the two sides, adjacent to the rubber teeth, of each awn removing plate. By arranging the feeding screw, it can be ensured that highland barley can uniformly and stably enter the threshing machine, and the threshing effect is improved; by arranging the awn removing assembly, rubber teeth on an awn removing plate and an awn removing clamping plate which are matched, the impact and rubbing effects on highland barley are effectively improved, the threshing effect is better, and the threshing loss rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and more particularly to a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester. Background Art

[0002] Highland barley is a major food crop, which is widely planted in Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and other places in my country. It is the main source of feed in plateau pastoral areas. Highland barley has harder spikes and stronger adhesion of grains, so threshing requires stronger striking force or more effective separation methods.

[0003] There is little investment in agricultural machinery and agronomy research and development for highland barley, and there are many problems with mechanized harvesting. The imported wheat combine harvesters cannot meet the technical needs of mechanized harvesting of highland barley in our region. The direct use of imported wheat combine harvesters will increase the harvest loss rate. The harvest loss mainly includes the loss of the cutting table (grain and ear falling) and the loss of threshing and cleaning (entrainment). The loss of the cutting table mainly occurs during the harvesting process when the crops fall down and the machinery does not match the agronomic requirements of the crops. The loss of threshing and cleaning is mainly caused by the unreasonable matching of the threshing and cleaning structure, the parameters of the motor mechanism and the agronomic status of the crops.

[0004] At present, farmers and herdsmen in our region mostly harvest highland barley in sections. They use backpack harvesters to cut the barley, manually bundle the barley and stack it on the spot or in the field, and use wheat combine harvesters or threshers to thresh the barley. Harvesting or collecting is all done manually or with small machinery. The labor intensity and efficiency of the entire harvesting process are low, which cannot reflect the high efficiency of mechanized production. Since the physical properties of highland barley are significantly different from those of wheat, and there are also obvious differences in appearance characteristics, the existing combine harvesters have a high loss rate during use. The above conditions have restricted the improvement of highland barley planting benefits and also restricted the overall mechanized production level of highland barley in our region.

[0005] The existing barley harvesting equipment has problems such as insufficient threshing of the ear head, incomplete cleaning of the husk, and large loss of ear grains and straw. The existing harvesting machinery has high labor intensity and low operating efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, how to provide a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester with better threshing effect and reduced threshing loss rate is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester, aiming to solve one of the problems in the above-mentioned background technology, achieve better threshing effect, and reduce the threshing loss rate.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester comprises a rolling main shaft, a feeding screw sequentially sleeved from front to back along the feeding direction of the rolling main shaft, an awn removal component, two spaced and correspondingly arranged webs, and a plurality of threshing components installed between the two webs and arranged in a circular array, each of the threshing components comprising a long strip-shaped conversion roller and a plurality of component groups installed on the conversion roller, each of the component groups comprising N different threshing components, N≥2;

[0010] All the threshing elements included in the same element group are radially staggered at equal angles on the conversion roller;

[0011] The awn removing assembly includes an awn removing width disk and an awn removing plate. Two awn removing width disks are relatively arranged between the feeding screw and the width disk. Each of the awn removing width disks is provided with a plurality of mounting plates. The plurality of mounting plates are evenly distributed on the awn removing width disk in a circular shape. The awn removing plate is arranged between two opposite mounting plates. Each of the awn removing plates is provided with rubber teeth on a side away from the awn removing width disk. Each of the awn removing plates is provided with awn removing card plates on both sides adjacent to the rubber teeth.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a conversion component, which includes a mounting ring and a conversion motor, the mounting ring is arranged on the side of the two webs away from each other, the conversion motor sleeves are provided at both ends of each conversion roller, the side of each conversion motor away from the conversion roller is fixed to the mounting ring by a connecting screw, and each conversion roller is rotatably arranged between the two conversion motors.

[0013] Furthermore, the awn removing component also includes a fan roller and a fan, the fan roller is sleeved on the rolling main shaft located between the two awn removing plates, a plurality of the fans are arranged, the plurality of the fans are evenly distributed on the fan roller in a circle, and the plurality of the fans are arranged corresponding to the awn removing plates.

[0014] Furthermore, N=4, and the staggered angle between two adjacent threshing elements in the same element group on the conversion roller is 90°.

[0015] Furthermore, the threshing elements in the same element group are spike teeth, rib rods, plate teeth and cylinders respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, the column includes a contact head and a contact column.

[0017] Furthermore, a power access is provided on the web disc away from the feeding screw.

[0018] It can be known from the above technical scheme that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester. By setting a feeding spiral, it can ensure that the highland barley can enter evenly and stably. The uniform feeding can avoid excessive local threshing load, improve the threshing effect, and also reduce the breakage rate of grains; by setting an awn removing component, the rubber teeth on the awn removing plate and the awn removing card plate cooperate to effectively increase the impact and rubbing effect on the highland barley, making the awn stalks and the grains easier to separate than the general threshing drum; by setting the mounting plates to be evenly distributed around the circumference, the threshing space is increased to a certain extent, and the residence time of the highland barley is prolonged while also increasing the number of contacts between the highland barley and the awn removing plate, thereby achieving low-loss rate threshing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester provided by the present invention (from another perspective);

[0022] Figure 3 A front view of a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A side view of a low-loss rate threshing mechanism for a combine harvester provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the threshing assembly provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the threshing element conversion provided by the present invention (column);

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the threshing element conversion provided by the present invention (grain rod);

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the threshing element conversion provided by the present invention (plate teeth);

[0028] Fig. 9 A schematic structural diagram of the threshing element conversion provided by the present invention (spike teeth).

[0029] Among them: 1 is the rolling main shaft; 2 is the feeding bolt; 3 is the awn removal assembly; 31 is the awn removal disc; 32 is the awn removal plate; 33 is the mounting plate; 34 is the rubber tooth; 35 is the awn removal card plate; 36 is the fan roller; 37 is the fan; 4 is the disc; 5 is the threshing assembly; 51 is the conversion roller; 52 is the nail tooth; 53 is the groove rod; 54 is the plate tooth; 55 is the column; 6 is the conversion assembly; 61 is the mounting ring; 62 is the conversion motor; 63 is the connecting screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1-9 The embodiment of the present invention discloses a low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester, comprising a rolling main shaft 1, and a feeding screw 2 sequentially sleeved from front to back along the feeding direction of the rolling main shaft 1, an awn removal component 3, two spaced and correspondingly arranged webs 4, and a plurality of threshing components 5 installed between the two webs 4 and arranged in a circular array, each threshing component 5 comprises a long strip-shaped conversion roller 51 and a plurality of component groups installed on the conversion roller 51, each component group comprises N different threshing components, N≥2; the feeding screw 2 is used to ensure that highland barley can enter the threshing drum evenly and stably, and the even feeding can avoid excessive local threshing load, improve the threshing effect, and also reduce the breakage rate of grains;

[0032] All threshing elements included in the same element group are radially staggered at equal angles on the conversion roller 51;

[0033] The awn removing component 3 includes an awn removing width disk 31 and an awn removing plate 32. The awn removing width disk 31 is relatively arranged between the feeding screw 2 and the width disk 4. Each awn removing width disk 31 is provided with a plurality of mounting plates 33. The plurality of mounting plates 33 are evenly distributed on the awn removing width disk 31 in a circle. The awn removing plate 32 is arranged between two opposite mounting plates 33. A rubber tooth 34 is provided on the side of each awn removing plate 32 away from the awn removing width disk 31. Both sides of each awn removing plate 32 adjacent to the rubber tooth 34 are provided with an awn removing clamping plate 35. By setting the awn removing component 3, the rubber teeth 34 on the awn removing plate 32 and the awn removing clamping plate 35 cooperate to effectively increase the impact and rubbing effect on the highland barley, making it easier to separate the awn stalks from the grains compared with the general threshing drum. By setting the mounting plates 33 evenly distributed in a circle, the threshing space is increased to a certain extent, and the residence time of the highland barley is prolonged, and the number of contacts between the highland barley and the awn removing plate 32 is also increased, so as to achieve threshing with a low loss rate.

[0034] In this embodiment, a conversion assembly 6 is also included, which includes a mounting ring 61 and a conversion motor 62. The mounting ring 61 is arranged on the side of the two webs 4 away from each other. Both ends of each conversion roller 51 are provided with a conversion motor 62 sleeve. The side of each conversion motor 62 away from the conversion roller 51 is fixed to the mounting ring 61 by a connecting screw 63. Each conversion roller 51 is rotatably arranged between the two conversion motors 62. The conversion roller 51 is driven to rotate by the conversion motor 62 to adjust the position of the threshing element on the conversion roller 51.

[0035] In this embodiment, the awn removing component 3 also includes a fan roller 36 and a fan 37. The fan roller 36 is mounted on the rolling main shaft 1 located between the two awn removing disks 31. A plurality of fans 37 are arranged. The plurality of fans 37 are evenly distributed on the fan roller 36 in a circular shape, and the plurality of fans 37 are arranged corresponding to the awn removing plates 32. By arranging the fan 37 to blow air on the awn removing plates 32, impurities and debris generated during the threshing process can be removed in time, thereby reducing pollution and damage to the grains, and at the same time improving the cleanliness and quality of the grains.

[0036] In this embodiment, N=4, and the staggered angle between two adjacent threshing elements in the same element group on the conversion roller 51 is 90°.

[0037] In this embodiment, the threshing elements in the same element group are respectively spike teeth 52, rib rods 53, plate teeth 54 and columns 55; the spike teeth 52 and plate teeth 54 threshing elements thresh by striking, and stir the highland barley grains during the threshing process, making the threshing process more thorough, which is suitable for highland barley varieties with loose grains and easy to thresh; according to the maturity and moisture content of the highland barley grains, the threshing elements are adjusted by the conversion motor 62, and the non-outward threshing elements in the element group are in an idle state.

[0038] In this embodiment, the column 55 includes a contact head and a contact column; the contact head and the contact column are made of flexible materials. When they come into contact with the barley grains, the threshing area is larger, the contact with the barley is softer, and the grain breakage rate is relatively low, which can ensure the threshing and separation effect and loss rate while reducing the breakage rate of the barley to a minimum.

[0039] In this embodiment, a power access is provided on the web 4 away from the feeding screw 2; the power can be driven by a sprocket.

[0040] In addition, in this embodiment, when the device performs threshing operations, the threshing elements used for the highland barley grains can all be the same, such as plate teeth 54, or a combination of multiple threshing elements can be used, such as the columns 55 and spike teeth 52 are staggered outward for threshing, which can achieve better threshing effects and reduce the threshing loss rate.

[0041] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0042] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester, comprising a rolling main shaft, a feeding screw, an awn removal component, two spaced and correspondingly arranged webs, and a plurality of threshing components arranged in a circular array between the two webs, each of which comprises a strip-shaped conversion roller and a plurality of component groups mounted on the conversion roller, each of which comprises N different threshing components, N ≥ 2; All the threshing elements included in the same element group are radially staggered at equal angles on the conversion roller; Features: The awn removing assembly includes an awn removing width disk and an awn removing plate. Two awn removing width disks are relatively arranged between the feeding screw and the width disk. Each of the awn removing width disks is provided with a plurality of mounting plates. The plurality of mounting plates are evenly distributed on the awn removing width disk in a circular shape. The awn removing plate is arranged between two opposite mounting plates. Each of the awn removing plates is provided with rubber teeth on a side away from the awn removing width disk. Each of the awn removing plates is provided with awn removing card plates on both sides adjacent to the rubber teeth.

2. A low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a conversion component, which includes a mounting ring and a conversion motor. The mounting ring is arranged on the side of the two webs away from each other, and the conversion motor sleeves are arranged at both ends of each conversion roller. The side of each conversion motor away from the conversion roller is fixed to the mounting ring through a connecting screw, and each conversion roller is rotatably arranged between the two conversion motors.

3. The low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The awn removing component also includes a fan roller and a fan. The fan roller is sleeved on the rolling main shaft located between the two awn removing plates. A plurality of fans are arranged. The fans are evenly distributed on the fan roller in a circle, and the fans are arranged corresponding to the awn removing plates.

4. The low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: N=4, and the staggered angle between two adjacent threshing elements in the same element group on the conversion roller is 90°.

5. A low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: The threshing elements in the same element group are spike teeth, rib rods, plate teeth and cylinders respectively.

6. A low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: The column includes a contact head and a contact column.

7. The low-loss threshing mechanism for a combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: A power access is provided on the web away from the feed screw.

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