Intelligent greenhouse precise fertilization system and fertilization method based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to a smart greenhouse precise fertilization system and fertilization method based on Internet of Things, and belongs to the technical field of Internet of Things smart agriculture. Comprising an environment monitoring module, a crop growth monitoring module, a greenhouse environment adjusting module, a gas fertilizer applying module, a water and fertilizer applying module, a pesticide spraying module, a wireless control module, an intelligent gateway and a remote control module, the intelligent gateway sends data to the remote control module, the remote control module can check monitoring data and issue a control command, and the greenhouse environment adjusting module, the gas fertilizer applying module, the water and fertilizer applying module or the pesticide spraying module are controlled through the wireless control module to perform corresponding adjusting, fertilizer applying or pesticide spraying work; according to the greenhouse management system, automation and intelligence of greenhouse management are achieved, manual intervention is reduced, labor intensity and management cost are reduced, and energy and water are saved through rainwater recycling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of smart agriculture based on the Internet of Things, and specifically relates to a smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and a fertilization method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the advent of the era of rural revitalization, traditional planting methods can no longer meet the needs. Various places have launched the modern planting model of "greenhouse agriculture" with the goal of digitalization and intelligence. That is, the environment climate inside the greenhouse is isolated from the external environment by using film or glass to close the environment, and sensors, automation and other technologies and devices are used to improve operation efficiency and yield. When the environmental temperature, humidity, water, fertilizer and light of the crop meet the growth requirements, Lack of fertilizer has become the key to the failure of modern agricultural greenhouses to achieve high yields. However, although some water-fertilizer and gas-fertilizer integrated application equipment widely used in the market have realized the automatic control function of water-fertilizer and gas-fertilizer, most of them adopt a simple mixed drip irrigation method and cannot perform precise fertilization control, or cannot accurately detect soil EC, PH and other parameters, resulting in the lack of high yields. The concentration is insufficient, and regular ventilation is required, which increases labor costs. Therefore, as a smart greenhouse, it lacks rigorous, closed-loop management, and the degree of intelligence or precision is insufficient. This invention patent proposes a smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things on the basis of practical applications, which can effectively solve the full intelligent management of greenhouse crops after planting and before harvesting. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the problems mentioned in the background technology, the present invention provides a smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things. The present invention realizes the automation and intelligence of greenhouse management, reduces manual intervention, reduces labor intensity and management costs, and realizes energy and water conservation through rainwater recycling.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things include an environmental monitoring module 1 for collecting multiple environmental data in the greenhouse, a crop growth monitoring module 2 for monitoring the actual growth of crop plants, a greenhouse environment adjustment module 3 for adjusting the environment in the greenhouse, a gas fertilizer fertilization module 4 for applying gaseous fertilizers, a water fertilizer fertilization module 5 for applying water fertilizers, a pesticide spraying module 6 for spraying pesticides, a wireless control module 7, an intelligent gateway 401 and a remote control module 9, the environmental monitoring module 1 and the crop growth monitoring module 2 wirelessly send the monitoring data to the intelligent gateway 401, and the intelligent gateway 401 wirelessly sends the data to the remote control module 9, the remote control module 9 can view various monitoring data and issue control commands, and then the intelligent gateway 401 sends the control commands to the wireless control module 7 and controls the greenhouse environment adjustment module 3, the gas fertilizer fertilization module 4, the water fertilizer fertilization module 5 or the pesticide spraying module 6 to perform corresponding adjustments, fertilization or spraying.

[0005] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring module 1 includes a module for monitoring the temperature and humidity, light intensity and An environmental monitoring sensor 11 for concentration, an outdoor monitoring sensor 12 for monitoring rain and temperature conditions outside the greenhouse, a soil monitoring sensor 13 for monitoring temperature and humidity, pH value and EC value of the planting soil, and a nutrient solution monitoring sensor 14 for monitoring the nutrient solution level, nutrient solution element content, pH value and EC value in the hydroponic mode. The environmental monitoring sensor 11, the outdoor monitoring sensor 12, the soil monitoring sensor 13 and the nutrient solution monitoring sensor 14 are all wirelessly connected to the intelligent gateway 401.

[0006] Furthermore, the crop growth monitoring module 2 includes multiple network cameras 402 installed in the greenhouse for collecting images of leaf size, color, shape, flowers and plant height of crop plants, and processing and analyzing the images to identify the growth and growth stage of crops. The network cameras 402 are also used to monitor the disease and pest status of plants. The network cameras 402 are connected to the intelligent gateway 401.

[0007] Furthermore, the greenhouse environment adjustment module 3 includes an electric sunroof 201, electric side windows 202, a fan 203 and an electric shading film 206 arranged on the greenhouse, and the electric sunroof 201, electric side windows 202 and fan 203 are each provided with multiple ones, and the fan 203 includes an inlet fan and an exhaust fan, and the motors of the electric sunroof 201, electric side windows 202, fan 203 and electric shading film 206 are all electrically connected to the wireless control module 7.

[0008] Furthermore, the gas fertilizer fertilization module 4 includes a gaseous or liquid Storage tank, liquid A gasifier converted into gas and a plurality of jet nozzles installed in the greenhouse, the storage tank, the gasifier and the jet nozzle are connected in sequence through pipelines, the storage tank is directly connected to the jet nozzle through a pipeline, and valves and sensors are installed on the pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer fertilization module 5 includes a plurality of preparation tanks for storing raw materials, a fertilizer cylinder for mixing, a plurality of drip irrigation pipes installed on the planting ground for drip irrigation, a plurality of spray pipes for spraying, and a plurality of liquid fertilizer storage tanks. A column bracket is provided in the greenhouse, and the plurality of preparation tanks are connected to the fertilizer cylinder through a pipe. The liquid fertilizer storage tank is installed on the column bracket, and the fertilizer cylinder is connected to the drip irrigation pipe through a pipe. The drip irrigation pipe is also connected to a water supply pump through a pipe. The water inlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank is connected to the water supply pump through a pipe, and the water outlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank is connected to a spray pipe. The fertilizer cylinder is also equipped with a sensor for measuring EC value and PH value, and the pipeline is equipped with a flow meter and a pressure sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, a rainwater collecting trough 205 is installed on the top of the greenhouse, and a water storage tank 207 is installed on the top of the column bracket. The rainwater collecting trough 205 is connected to the water storage tank 207 through a hose, and the water storage tank 207 is also connected to a water spray pipe 208.

[0011] Furthermore, the installed numbers of the environment monitoring sensor 11, the soil monitoring sensor 13 and the nutrient solution monitoring sensor 14 are all 1-N.

[0012] Furthermore, the IoT-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method also include a cloud and a database, and the cloud and the database are connected to the remote control module 9 , and the cloud is also connected to the smart gateway 401 .

[0013] Further, the following steps are included: Step 1: The remote control module 9 is connected to the environment monitoring module 1 and the crop growth monitoring module 2 through the intelligent gateway 401 to obtain the temperature, humidity, light intensity and concentration, soil temperature, humidity, pH value, EC value and nutrient solution level, nutrient solution nutrient element content, pH value, EC value, and precise rainfall data outside the greenhouse; through the crop growth monitoring module 2, the general plant growth information of crops in the greenhouse is obtained, and the crop plant leaf size, color, shape, flower and plant height image analysis is used to determine the crop growth and growth stage.

[0014] Step 2: The remote control module 9 controls the greenhouse environment adjustment module 3 to adjust and control the environment in the greenhouse. If the environment in the greenhouse does not meet the preset conditions for crop growth, the environment adjustment module is started to adjust the climate conditions in the greenhouse.

[0015] Step 3: The remote control module 9 controls the gas fertilizer fertilization module 4 according to the growth stage of the crop, and releases the gas fertilizer fertilization module into the greenhouse. .

[0016] Step 4: The remote control module 9 controls the water and fertilizer application module 5 to apply fertilizer to the crops according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the crops at their growth stage.

[0017] Step 5: The remote control module 9 controls the pesticide spraying module 6. If there are pests and diseases on the crop plants in the greenhouse, the pesticide spraying module 6 is started to spray pesticides to eliminate pests.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention improves the detection accuracy of multiple parameters of greenhouse temperature and humidity, light, CO2 concentration, soil and nutrient solution through a combination of multiple sensor monitoring, and monitors the growth of crops at different stages; uses gas fertilizer fertilization module and water fertilizer fertilization module to achieve accurate control of water fertilizer and gas fertilizer, ensures that the control of carbon dioxide concentration and water fertilizer ratio is more sensitive and safe, and provides a more stable and suitable growth environment for crops; the gas fertilizer and water fertilizer fertilization methods of crops correspond to the different growth stages of different crops, meet the needs of different crops at different stages of growth for gas fertilizer and water fertilizer, achieve the optimal control of fertilization at different stages of crops, improve the scientificity and rationality of crop planting, and increase the yield and economic benefits of crops. At the same time, it meets the operation mode of soil planting and soilless planting and the needs of multiple irrigation methods such as spraying, drip irrigation and flooding; realizes the automation and intelligence of greenhouse management, reduces manual intervention, reduces labor intensity and management costs, and rainwater recycling achieves energy saving and water saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0022] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic diagram of the greenhouse of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0024] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0025] Figure 7It is a front view schematic diagram of the greenhouse of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0027] Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0028] Fig.10 It is a left side schematic diagram of a greenhouse of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the gas fertilizer fertilization module of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0031] Fig.13 yes Fig.11 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0032] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer fertilization module of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.15 yes Fig.14 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0034] Fig.16 yes Fig.14 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0035] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of greenhouse environment regulation and control of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.18 yes Fig.17 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0037] Fig.19 yes Fig.17 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of .

[0038] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the fertilization method of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the gas fertilizer fertilization method of the present invention.

[0040] Fig. 22 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the water and fertilizer fertilization method of the present invention.

[0041] Attached figure numbers: Environmental monitoring module 1, crop growth monitoring module 2, greenhouse environment adjustment module 3, gas fertilizer fertilization module 4, water fertilizer fertilization module 5, pesticide spraying module 6, wireless control module 7, intelligent gateway 401, remote control module 9, environmental monitoring sensor 11, outdoor monitoring sensor 12, soil monitoring sensor 13, nutrient solution monitoring sensor 14, network camera 402, electric sunroof 201, electric side window 202, fan 203, drip irrigation pipe 204, rainwater collection trough 205, electric shading film 206, water storage tank 207, water spray pipe 208, storage tank 301, liquid fertilizer storage tank 302, spray pipe 303, water supply pump 304, preparation tank 305. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention more clear, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by technicians.

[0043] like Figure 1-22The present invention discloses a smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things. The smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things include an environment monitoring module 1 for collecting multiple environmental data in the greenhouse, a crop growth monitoring module 2 for monitoring the actual growth of crop plants, a greenhouse environment adjustment module 3 for adjusting the environment in the greenhouse, a gas fertilizer fertilization module 4 for applying gaseous fertilizers, a water fertilizer fertilization module 5 for applying water fertilizers, a pesticide spraying module 6 for spraying pesticides, a wireless control module 7, an intelligent gateway 401 and a remote control module 9. The environment monitoring module 1 and the crop growth monitoring module 2 wirelessly send the monitoring data to the intelligent gateway 401, and the intelligent gateway 401 wirelessly sends the data to the remote control module 9. The remote control module 9 can view various monitoring data and issue control commands, and then the intelligent gateway 401 sends the control commands to the wireless control module 7 and controls the greenhouse environment adjustment module 3, the gas fertilizer fertilization module 4, the water fertilizer fertilization module 5 or The pesticide spraying module 6 performs corresponding adjustments, fertilization or spraying. The pesticide spraying module 6 is composed of a pesticide spraying component installed in the greenhouse, including a medicine box and an automatic spraying pipe connected to the medicine box; when spraying pesticides, the configured pesticides are added to the medicine box, and the automatic spraying pipe sprays the pesticides on the crops; a power supply is also provided in the greenhouse to power each module; the intelligent gateway communication adopts 4G / 5G communication superimposed on Zigbee, Wi-Fi module, Bluetooth, LoRa and at least one of them to achieve a combination to meet the use requirements; the wireless control module is a wireless controller, including multiple ones, which is convenient for controlling the greenhouse environment adjustment module 3, the gas fertilizer fertilization module 4, the water fertilizer fertilization module 5 and the pesticide spraying module 6; the remote control module is a computer, a mobile tablet or a mobile phone, which is connected to the cloud through computer software and a mobile terminal APP (such as a WeChat applet). After identity recognition, real-time viewing of the greenhouse, environmental data display and threshold setting, adjustment of fertilizer ratios at various growth stages of crops, fertilization operations or fertilization condition presets and other operations can be realized.

[0044] The environmental monitoring module 1 includes a module for monitoring the temperature and humidity, light intensity and An environmental monitoring sensor 11 for monitoring concentration, an outdoor monitoring sensor 12 for monitoring rain and temperature outside the greenhouse, a soil monitoring sensor 13 for monitoring temperature and humidity, pH value and EC value of the planting soil, and a nutrient solution monitoring sensor 14 for monitoring the nutrient solution level, element content, pH value and EC value of the nutrient solution in the hydroponic mode. The environmental monitoring sensor 11, the outdoor monitoring sensor 12, the soil monitoring sensor 13 and the nutrient solution monitoring sensor 14 are all wirelessly connected to the intelligent gateway 401; the environmental monitoring sensor 1 ... The number of nutrient solution monitoring sensors 14 installed is 1-N; the environmental monitoring sensor 11 is set every 10-20m and fixed above the planting area in the greenhouse near the middle of the planting area to ensure full coverage of different crops; soil monitoring sensors 13 and nutrient solution monitoring sensors 14 are buried 1-N in the soil or nutrient solution in different planting areas in the greenhouse, with an interval of about 15m, and the burial depth is selected between 10cm-30cm according to the crops planted. The power supply line is ensured to be buried at a depth of 30cm-50cm in the planting area (subject to not affecting the surface tillage).

[0045] The crop growth monitoring module 2 includes a plurality of network cameras 402 installed in the greenhouse for collecting images of the size, color, shape, flower and plant height of the leaves of the crop plants. The network cameras 402 are also used to monitor the status of plant diseases and insect pests. The network cameras 402 are connected to the intelligent gateway 401. The network cameras 402 are industrial-grade equipment with wide-angle and night vision functions. They can collect the size, color and shape of the leaves of the crop plants, the shape of the flowers, the height of the plants and other growth conditions, and analyze them to achieve the monitoring of the growth and growth stage of the crop plants. Specifically, the crop images are collected and pre-processed, including de-noising, enhancement, segmentation and other processing. Computer vision algorithms are used to extract visual features representing the growth of the crop, such as the size, color and shape of the leaves, the shape of the flowers, the height of the plants, etc. from the pre-processed images. Based on the extracted features, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model algorithm is used to establish a mapping model between the growth and growth stage of the crop and the crop features. The collected images are input into the pre-trained model to identify the growth and growth stage of the crop.

[0046] The greenhouse environment adjustment module 3 includes an electric sunroof 201, an electric side window 202, a fan 203 and an electric shading film 206 arranged on the greenhouse. The electric sunroof 201, the electric side window 202 and the fan 203 are each provided with a plurality, and the fan 203 includes an inlet fan and an exhaust fan, so as to facilitate ventilation of the greenhouse. The motors of the electric sunroof 201, the electric side window 202, the fan 203 and the electric shading film 206 are all electrically connected to the wireless control module 7; the environment monitoring sensor 11 monitors the temperature, humidity and light information in the greenhouse. When the temperature exceeds the set value, the electric sunroof 201, the electric side window 202 and the fan 203 are controlled to open for ventilation and cooling; when the light exceeds the set value, the electric shading film 206 is controlled to block; the rainfall outside the greenhouse is detected by the monitoring sensor 12 outside the greenhouse. When it rains, the electric sunroof 201 and the electric side window 202 are automatically closed.

[0047] The gas fertilizer fertilization module 4 includes a device for storing gaseous or liquid The storage tank 301 stores the liquid A gasifier converted into gas and a plurality of jet ports installed in the greenhouse, the storage tank, the gasifier and the jet ports are connected in sequence through pipelines, the storage tank and the jet ports are directly connected through pipelines, and valves and sensors are installed on the pipelines; Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the valve includes a liquid phase valve, a gas phase valve, a pressure reducing valve, an outlet valve and multiple manual valves. The vaporizer can transfer the liquid The liquid phase valve is installed on the pipeline between the storage tank and the vaporizer to control the liquid phase. The gas phase valve is installed on the pipeline between the storage tank and the jet port to control the gas phase. flow; a pressure reducing valve is installed on the pipe at the front end of the jet nozzle. After the pressure is reduced, it is discharged into the greenhouse. Manual valves are installed on each pipeline for easy operation. Fertilization control; the sensors include liquid level sensor, pressure sensor and temperature sensor. The liquid level sensor is installed in the storage tank. The pressure sensor and temperature sensor are installed on the pipe connected to the gasifier outlet. Pressure and temperature.

[0048] The water and fertilizer fertilization module 5 includes a plurality of preparation tanks 305 for storing raw materials, the raw materials include (water, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers), a fertilizer cylinder for mixing, a plurality of drip irrigation pipes 204 installed on the planting ground for drip irrigation and flooding irrigation, the drip irrigation pipes 204 are provided with a plurality of drip irrigation ports, a plurality of spray pipes 303 for spraying, and a plurality of liquid fertilizer storage tanks 302, a column bracket is provided in the greenhouse, the plurality of preparation tanks 305 are connected to the fertilizer cylinder through a pipeline, the liquid fertilizer storage tank 302 is installed on the column bracket, the fertilizer cylinder is connected to the drip irrigation pipe 204 through a pipeline, the drip irrigation pipe 204 is also connected to a water supply pump 304 through a pipeline, the water inlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank is connected to the water supply pump 304 through a pipeline, the water outlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank 302 is connected to the spray pipe 303, the fertilizer cylinder is also equipped with a sensor for measuring EC value and PH value, and the pipeline is equipped with a flow meter and a pressure sensor; Figure 6 As shown, the outlet of each preparation tank is connected to the inlet of the fertilizer cylinder through a pipeline, and a variable frequency booster pump is also installed on the pipeline. A fertilizer control valve is connected between each preparation tank and the fertilizer cylinder to control the amount of each raw material, achieve mixing in different proportions, and meet different fertilization requirements. A flow meter and a pressure sensor are installed on the outlet pipeline of the fertilizer cylinder, and a wheel tank valve is installed on each drip irrigation pipe to control each drip irrigation pipeline. At the same time, a water supply pump is connected to the drip irrigation pipe through a pipeline, and the water inlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank is connected to the water supply pump through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank is connected to a spray pipe; the water fertilizer fertilization module can realize liquid fertilizer spraying or drip irrigation, flooding irrigation; the wireless control module controls the valves and pumps used by the gas fertilizer fertilization module and the water fertilizer fertilization module through a PWM pulse width modulator; the sensors and flow meters used by the gas fertilizer fertilization module and the water fertilizer fertilization module are wirelessly connected to the intelligent gateway.

[0049] A rainwater collecting trough 205 is installed on the top of the greenhouse, and a water tank 207 is installed on the top of the column bracket. The rainwater collecting trough 205 is connected to the water tank 207 through a hose, and the water tank 207 is also connected to a water spray pipe 208; the rainwater collecting trough 205 can automatically collect rainfall and store it in the water tank 207 through a hose. The water tank 207 is installed on the column bracket in the greenhouse and is connected to a water spray pipe 208. A valve is installed on the water spray pipe to replenish water and cool down when the humidity is lower than the preset value.

[0050] The IoT-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method also include a cloud and a database, which are connected to the remote control module 9, and the cloud is also connected to the smart gateway 401; it is convenient to receive real-time detection data in the greenhouse, remotely control and view the greenhouse status, save analysis data, and assist in continuous iteration and updating to explore key information such as the growth conditions of crops, fertilization requirements, and meteorological requirements, so as to achieve gradual self-learning and self-optimization, so as to ultimately generate the optimal planting parameters for a certain plant in different geographical locations.

[0051] Specifically, the steps include: Step 1 (S201): The remote control module 9 is connected to the environment monitoring module 1 and the crop growth monitoring module 2 through the intelligent gateway 401 to obtain the temperature, humidity, light intensity and concentration, soil temperature, humidity, pH value, EC value and nutrient solution level, nutrient solution nutrient element content, pH value, EC value, and precise rainfall data outside the greenhouse; through the crop growth monitoring module 2, the general plant growth information of crops in the greenhouse is obtained, and the crop growth and growth stage are determined according to the size, color and shape of the crop plant leaves, the shape of the flowers, and the height map of the plant.

[0052] Step 2 (S202): The remote control module 9 controls the greenhouse environment adjustment module 3 to adjust and control the environment in the greenhouse. The remote control module 9 is provided with the condition values ​​required for crop growth, such as temperature, light conditions, etc. If the environment in the greenhouse does not meet the preset conditions for crop growth, the environment adjustment module is started to adjust the climate conditions in the greenhouse.

[0053] Step 3 (S203): The remote control module 9 controls the gas fertilizer fertilization module 4 according to the growth stage of the crop to release the gas fertilizer fertilization module into the greenhouse. ; The specific fertilization method is: Step 1 (S301): Install the gas fertilizer fertilization module in the greenhouse, and set up a gas fertilizer injection nozzle every 5 square meters on the top of the greenhouse.

[0054] Step 2 (S302): One week before crop planting, turn on the fan to ventilate the air in the greenhouse so that the air environment in the greenhouse is suitable for the planters to work.

[0055] Step 3 (S303): After the crops are planted, the air and humidity at the corresponding crop growth stage are preset according to the crop type. The proportion of When the amount of fertilizer does not meet the requirements, start the gas fertilizer fertilization module. The fertilization time is from 12 noon to 17 pm, and the fertilization frequency is 20 minutes every 2 hours until the air and Stop fertilizing when the ratio meets the requirements of the crop at that growth stage.

[0056] Step 4 (S304): During the flowering period of crop plants, when the proportion of flowering plants is monitored to be ≥65%, the gas fertilizer fertilization module should stop starting and use the fan to ensure that ventilation in the greenhouse is completed once every 2 hours every day; if the proportion of flowering plants is monitored to be less than 65%, the gas fertilizer fertilization module will be based on the air and air before the crop flowering period. Fertilize in proportion to the ratio of the greenhouse, the fertilization time is from 12 noon to 17 pm, and the fertilization frequency is 20 minutes every 2 hours until the air and Stop fertilizing when the ratio meets the requirements of the crop at that growth stage.

[0057] Step 5 (S305): During the crop fruiting period, when it is detected that the proportion of plant fruiting is ≥ 25%, the gas fertilizer fertilization module Fertilize in proportion to the ratio of the greenhouse, the fertilization time is from 20:00 in the evening to 5:00 in the morning of the next day, and the fertilization frequency is 20 minutes every 2 hours until the air and Stop fertilizing when the ratio meets the requirements of the crop at this growth stage. Stop fertilizing at other times, and the greenhouse fan will ventilate the greenhouse once every 2 hours.

[0058] Step six (S306): During the crop maturity period, if it is monitored that the proportion of mature fruits of the crop plants is ≥70%, the gas fertilizer fertilization module stops; if the proportion of mature fruits of the plants is <70%, the gas fertilizer fertilization module proceeds according to the fertilization method of step five (S305) during the fruiting period.

[0059] Step 4 (S204): The remote control module 9 controls the water and fertilizer application module 5 to apply fertilizer to the crops according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the crops at their growth stage. The specific fertilization method is as follows: Step 1 (S401): Install the drip irrigation pipe of the water and fertilizer fertilization module in the greenhouse, and dig a water storage well and a drainage well at both ends of the diagonal line in the greenhouse. The water storage well is the preparation tank for raw water. Drip irrigation pipes are set on both sides of each crop planting stall along the long side of the greenhouse, and the distance between the bottom of the drip irrigation pipe and the top of the soil in the crop planting stall is no more than 35cm. The water storage well and the drainage well are connected by a pipe. During water and fertilizer drip irrigation, the drainage well collects excess water and fertilizer solution after drip irrigation. After the water and fertilizer mixture is clarified, it can be used for subsequent water and fertilizer configuration for recycling, or it can be discharged as needed.

[0060] Step 2 (S402): One month before planting crops, first prepare suitable acid-base water bodies according to the types of crops, and prepare water-fertilizer solutions before planting crops according to different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios according to different types of crops; and apply water and fertilizer once every 7 days through drip irrigation pipes for drip irrigation and flooding, and the time for water and fertilizer to soak the soil is no more than 35 minutes. Stop applying water and fertilizer until the soil pH value and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content meet the requirements before planting crops.

[0061] Step three (S403): After the crops are planted, water and fertilizer spray pipes are laid in the crop planting area, and the height of the spray nozzles of the spray pipes is not less than 10 cm of the height of the mature plants.

[0062] Step 4 (S404): Within one month after the crop plants grow branches and buds (seedling stage), it is prohibited to apply water and fertilizer to the crops, and the growth of the crop plants is monitored. One month after the crop plants grow branches and buds, if it is monitored that the plant proportion is 60% or more, and there is a shortage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, water and fertilizer are applied to the crops. The pH value and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water and fertilizer are configured according to the growth stage of the crop. The fertilization method is to apply fertilizer once every 10 days through a drip irrigation pipe. The fertilization time is in the evening, and the soil is soaked for no more than 35 minutes until the soil pH value and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium meet the requirements of the crop growth stage, and the application of water and fertilizer is stopped.

[0063] Step 5 (S405): During the crop growth stage, if the crop plant growth monitoring finds that the plant proportion is 15% or more with insufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the crops are sprayed with corresponding water and fertilizer through the spray pipes of different planting levels. The spraying time is every morning, and the spraying time is 10 minutes. When the plant growth meets the requirements of the growth stage, the water and fertilizer spraying is stopped.

[0064] Step 6 (S406): During the crop growth stage, when the crop plant growth monitoring finds that the plant proportion is 60% or more and there is a shortage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, water and fertilizer are applied to the crops, and the pH value and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water and fertilizer are configured according to the crop growth stage. The fertilization method is to apply fertilizer once every 10 days through a drip irrigation pipe in the evening, and soak the soil for no more than 35 minutes until the soil pH value and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium meet the requirements of the crop growth stage, and stop applying water and fertilizer.

[0065] Step 6 (S407): During the flowering or maturity period of crops, if the crop plant growth monitoring finds that the plant proportion is 5% or more, and there is a shortage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the crops are sprayed with corresponding water and fertilizer through the spray pipes of different planting levels. The spraying time is every morning, and the spraying time is 10 minutes. When the plant growth meets the requirements of the growth stage, the water and fertilizer spraying is stopped.

[0066] Step 6 (S408): During the flowering or maturity period of crops, if the crop plant growth monitoring finds that the plant proportion is 45% or more and there is a lack of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, water and fertilizer are applied to the crops, and the pH value and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water and fertilizer are configured according to the growth stage of the crops. The fertilization method is to apply fertilizer once every 10 days through a drip irrigation pipe in the evening, and the soil is soaked for no more than 35 minutes until the soil pH value and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium meet the requirements of the crop growth stage, and then stop applying water and fertilizer.

[0067] Step six (S409): During the crop harvest period, stop fertilizing the crops.

[0068] Step 5 ( S205 ): the remote control module 9 controls the pesticide spraying module 6 , and if there are pests and diseases on the crop plants in the greenhouse, the pesticide spraying module 6 is started to spray pesticides to eliminate pests.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things, characterized by: The intelligent greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things comprises an environment monitoring module (1) for collecting multiple environmental data in the greenhouse, a crop growth monitoring module (2) for monitoring the actual growth of crop plants, a greenhouse environment adjustment module (3) for adjusting the environment in the greenhouse, a gas fertilizer fertilization module (4) for applying gaseous fertilizer, a water fertilizer fertilization module (5) for applying water fertilizer, a pesticide spraying module (6) for spraying pesticides, a wireless control module (7), an intelligent gateway (401) and a remote control module (9). The environmental monitoring module (1) and the crop growth monitoring module (2) wirelessly transmit the monitoring data to the intelligent gateway (401), and the intelligent gateway (401) wirelessly transmits the data to the remote control module (9). The remote control module (9) can view the various monitoring data and issue control commands. The intelligent gateway (401) then sends the control commands to the wireless control module (7) and controls the greenhouse environmental adjustment module (3), the gas fertilizer application module (4), the water fertilizer application module (5) or the pesticide spraying module (6) to perform corresponding adjustment, fertilization or spraying operations.

2. According to the Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: The environmental monitoring module (1) includes a module for monitoring the temperature and humidity, light intensity and An environmental monitoring sensor (11) for monitoring the concentration of greenhouse, an off-shed monitoring sensor (12) for monitoring the rain and temperature conditions outside the greenhouse, a soil monitoring sensor (13) for monitoring the temperature and humidity, pH value and EC value of the planting soil, and a nutrient solution monitoring sensor (14) for monitoring the nutrient solution level, element content, pH value and EC value of the nutrient solution in a hydroponic mode. The environmental monitoring sensor (11), the off-shed monitoring sensor (12), the soil monitoring sensor (13) and the nutrient solution monitoring sensor (14) are all wirelessly connected to the intelligent gateway (401).

3. According to the Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: The crop growth monitoring module (2) comprises a plurality of network cameras (402) installed in the greenhouse for collecting images of the size, color, shape, flowers and plant height of crop leaves, and processing and analyzing the images to identify the growth and growth stage of the crops. The network cameras (402) are also used to monitor the status of plant diseases and insect pests. The network cameras (402) are connected to the intelligent gateway (401).

4. According to the Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: The greenhouse environment adjustment module (3) comprises an electric skylight (201), electric side windows (202), a fan (203) and an electric shading film (206) arranged on the greenhouse, wherein the electric skylight (201), the electric side windows (202) and the fan (203) are each provided in plurality, and the fan (203) comprises an inlet fan and an exhaust fan, and the motors of the electric skylight (201), the electric side windows (202), the fan (203) and the electric shading film (206) are all electrically connected to the wireless control module (7).

5. According to the Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: The gas fertilizer fertilization module (4) includes a gaseous or liquid Storage tank, liquid A gasifier converted into gas and a plurality of jet nozzles installed in the greenhouse, the storage tank, the gasifier and the jet nozzle are connected in sequence through pipelines, the storage tank is directly connected to the jet nozzle through a pipeline, and valves and sensors are installed on the pipeline.

6. According to the Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: The water and fertilizer fertilization module (5) comprises a plurality of preparation tanks for storing raw materials, a fertilizer tank for mixing, a plurality of drip irrigation pipes installed on the planting ground for drip irrigation, a plurality of spray pipes for spraying, and a plurality of liquid fertilizer storage tanks. A column bracket is provided in the greenhouse. The plurality of preparation tanks are connected to the fertilizer tank via a pipeline. The liquid fertilizer storage tank is installed on the column bracket. The fertilizer tank is connected to the drip irrigation pipe via a pipeline. The drip irrigation pipe is also connected to a water supply pump via a pipeline. The water inlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank is connected to the water supply pump via a pipeline. The water outlet of the liquid fertilizer storage tank is connected to the spray pipe. A sensor for measuring EC value and PH value is also installed on the fertilizer tank. A flow meter and a pressure sensor are installed on the pipeline.

7. According to the Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: A rainwater collection trough (205) is installed on the top of the greenhouse, and a water storage tank (207) is installed on the top of the column bracket. The rainwater collection trough (205) and the water storage tank (207) are connected via a hose, and the water storage tank (207) is also connected to a water spray pipe (208).

8. According to the Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: The installed numbers of the environment monitoring sensor (11), soil monitoring sensor (13) and nutrient solution monitoring sensor (14) are all 1-N.

9. The intelligent greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Internet of Things-based smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method further include a cloud and a database, wherein the cloud and the database are connected to a remote control module (9), and the cloud is also connected to an intelligent gateway (401).

10. The smart greenhouse precision fertilization system and fertilization method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The remote control module (9) is connected to the environment monitoring module (1) and the crop growth monitoring module (2) through the intelligent gateway (401) to obtain the temperature, humidity, light intensity and concentration, soil temperature, humidity, pH value, EC value and nutrient solution level, nutrient solution nutrient element content, pH value, EC value, and accurate rainfall data outside the greenhouse; obtain general plant growth information of crops in the greenhouse through the crop growth monitoring module (2), and determine the crop growth and growth stage based on the image analysis of the crop plant leaf size, color, shape, flower and plant height; Step 2: The remote control module (9) controls the greenhouse environment adjustment module (3) to adjust and control the environment in the greenhouse. If the environment in the greenhouse does not meet the preset conditions for crop growth, the environment adjustment module is activated to adjust the climate conditions in the greenhouse. Step 3: The remote control module (9) controls the gas fertilizer fertilization module (4) according to the growth stage of the crop to release the gas fertilizer into the greenhouse. ; Step 4: The remote control module (9) controls the water and fertilizer application module (5) to apply fertilizer to the crops according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the crops at their growth stage; Step 5: The remote control module (9) controls the pesticide spraying module (6) to start the pesticide spraying module (6) to spray pesticides to eliminate pests if there are pests and diseases on the crop plants in the greenhouse.

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