Ecological restoration technology for degenerated boltgrass wetland

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological restoration technology of a degraded bolbophyllum inophyllum wetland, and belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration methods. The method comprises the following steps: (1) diagnosing the wetland degradation degree of the bola (2) recovering a slightly degraded bolbophyllum inophyllum wetland, starting to irrigate in the middle ten days of May, and controlling the surface water level to be 5-10cm; (3) recovering the moderately-degraded bolbophyllum inophyllum wetland, namely shearing overground stems of current-year bolbophyllum inophyllum, each section comprising 5-8 overground branches, the spacing of 30-50cm, the planting depth of 5-10cm and the transplanting time in the middle ten days of May, immediately irrigating after transplanting, controlling the surface water level to be 10-15cm, and shading for 10-20 days by using a shading net; (4) restoring the severely-degraded bolbostemma spp. Wetland, digging bolbostemma spp. Plants with rhizomes, planting the bolbostemma spp. Plants by using clusters as units, planting the bolbostemma spp. Plants in each cluster at the interval of 50-100cm and the planting depth of 10-15cm in the middle ten days of May, immediately irrigating water after transplanting, and controlling the surface water level to be 15-20cm; and (5) final-period management: the surface water level is strictly controlled, the water level of the mild-degeneration bolting grass wetland is not lower than 5cm, and the water levels of the moderate and severe wetlands are not lower than 10cm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an ecological restoration technology for a degraded sedge wetland, belonging to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] Wetland ecosystems are natural complexes with transitional properties between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. As an important natural resource, wetlands, with their special composition and structure, play a protective role in conserving water sources, reducing peak floods, regulating climate, purifying pollutants, maintaining water and soil, storing carbon pools, and providing habitats for species. As one of the regions with the richest wetland resources in China, Northeast China is characterized by a large area, multiple types, important location, and rich biodiversity.

[0004] There is a lot of research work on wetland restoration and reconstruction theory at home and abroad. At present, although China started late in the research on wetland ecological restoration and reconstruction, it has developed rapidly. The Chinese government attaches great importance to wetland protection and lists wetland protection and restoration as important indicators of ecological civilization construction. The latest "Wetland Protection and Restoration System Plan" promulgated and implemented has made arrangements for wetland protection and restoration under the new situation, and proposed the total wetland area control. By 2020, the national wetland area will not be less than 800 million mu of wetland protection red line. On the basis of ensuring that the wetland area does not decrease, the ecological function of wetlands will be enhanced, the biodiversity of wetlands will be maintained, and the level of wetland protection and restoration will be comprehensively improved. The wetland restoration projects currently carried out in my country basically emphasize natural restoration under human intervention. Restoration technology can be divided into wetland matrix restoration, hydrological process restoration, water environment restoration, wetland biological and habitat restoration, etc. However, according to the different wetland types, restoration goals and degree of degradation, wetland restoration measures are also different. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and further provide an ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands.

[0008] Step 1: Diagnosis of the degree of degradation of the sedge grass wetland. In early May of the same year, investigate the degraded sedge grass wetlands. Wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 40% to 50% are slightly degraded, wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 30% to 40% are moderately degraded, and wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 20% to 30% are severely degraded. Different restoration measures are taken for different degrees of degradation.

[0009] Step 2: Restore the slightly degraded sedge wetland by using water control. Long-term irrigation will begin in mid-May to control the surface water level at 5-10 cm.

[0010] Step 3: To restore moderately degraded sedge wetlands, use a combination of water regulation and transplanting of aboveground stems. Cut the aboveground stems of the current year's sedge, each section containing 5 to 8 aboveground branches, with a spacing of 30 to 50 cm and a planting depth of 5 to 10 cm. The transplanting time is mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting, control the surface water level at 10 to 15 cm, and use shading nets to shade for 10 to 20 days.

[0011] Step 4: To restore severely degraded Sedge Wetland, use a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting. Dig out Sedge Weed plants with rhizomes and plant them in clumps, with 3 to 5 plants in each clump, 50 to 100 cm apart, and a planting depth of 10 to 15 cm. Transplant in mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting to control the surface water level at 15 to 20 cm.

[0012] Step 5: Post-maintenance management, strictly control the surface water level. The water level of slightly degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 5cm, and the water level of moderately and severely degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 10cm.

[0013] The outstanding feature of the present invention is that it is based on the principle of quasi-natural restoration, combined with the water niche characteristics of wetland plants, and through artificial assistance, it accelerates the rapid recovery of sedge wetlands with different degrees of degradation. It can significantly improve the structure and composition of the plant community in the sedge wetland, significantly enhance the function of the wetland ecosystem, and transform the sedge wetland from a degraded state to a natural non-degraded state. In 2021, experiments were carried out in the Honghe National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province. The experimental area of ​​the mildly degraded sedge wetland was 2 hectares, and the experimental areas of the moderately and severely degraded sedge wetlands were 1 hectare each. The continuous monitoring results from 2022 to 2024 showed that the coverage of the mildly degraded sedge increased by 20% to 30%, and the biomass increased by 10% to 20%. The coverage of the moderately degraded sedge increased by more than 25%, and the biomass increased by more than 20%. The coverage of the severely degraded sedge increased by 30% to 50%, and the biomass increased by 30% to 40%. The wetland degradation was effectively controlled, and the number of annual plants in the vegetation species composition was significantly reduced. The invention is simple to operate and has wide applicability. It can be afforded by governments, enterprises and institutions, and can significantly improve the regional ecological environment. It is of great significance to maintain regional ecological security and protect wetland species diversity. At the same time, it can provide a solid ecological guarantee for regional economic and social development. The invention can be used for the restoration of degraded wetlands in Northeast China. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention will be further described in detail below: This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method is given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0015] Example 1

[0016] Provided is an ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands, the steps are as follows:

[0017] Step 1: Diagnosis of the degree of degradation of the sedge grass wetland. In early May of the same year, investigate the degraded sedge grass wetlands. Wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 40% to 50% are slightly degraded, wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 30% to 40% are moderately degraded, and wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 20% to 30% are severely degraded. Different restoration measures are taken for different degrees of degradation.

[0018] Step 2: Restore the slightly degraded sedge wetland by using water control. Long-term irrigation will begin in mid-May to control the surface water level at 5-10 cm.

[0019] Step 3: To restore moderately degraded sedge wetlands, use a combination of water regulation and transplanting of aboveground stems. Cut the aboveground stems of the current year's sedge, each section containing 5 to 8 aboveground branches, with a spacing of 30 to 50 cm and a planting depth of 5 to 10 cm. The transplanting time is mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting, control the surface water level at 10 to 15 cm, and use shading nets to shade for 10 to 20 days.

[0020] Step 4: To restore severely degraded Sedge Wetland, use a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting. Dig out Sedge Weed plants with rhizomes and plant them in clumps, with 3 to 5 plants in each clump, 50 to 100 cm apart, and a planting depth of 10 to 15 cm. Transplant in mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting to control the surface water level at 15 to 20 cm.

[0021] Step 5: Post-maintenance management, strictly control the surface water level. The water level of slightly degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 5cm, and the water level of moderately and severely degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 10cm.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] Provided is an ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands, the steps are as follows:

[0024] Step 1: Diagnosis of the degree of degradation of the sedge grass wetland. In early May of the same year, investigate the degraded sedge grass wetlands. Wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 40% to 50% are slightly degraded, wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 30% to 40% are moderately degraded, and wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 20% to 30% are severely degraded. Different restoration measures are taken for different degrees of degradation.

[0025] Step 2: Restore the slightly degraded sedge wetland by using water control. Long-term irrigation will begin in mid-May to control the surface water level at 5-8 cm.

[0026] Step 3: To restore moderately degraded sedge wetlands, use a combination of water regulation and transplanting of aboveground stems. Cut the aboveground stems of the current year's sedge. Each section contains 5 aboveground branches with a spacing of 30 to 50 cm and a planting depth of 5 to 10 cm. The transplanting time is mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting, control the surface water level at 10 to 15 cm, and use shading nets to shade for 10 to 20 days.

[0027] Step 4: To restore severely degraded Sedge Wetland, use a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting. Dig out Sedge Weed plants with rhizomes and plant them in clumps, with 3 plants in each clump, 50-100cm spacing, and a planting depth of 10-15cm. Transplant in mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting to control the surface water level at 15-20cm.

[0028] Step 5: Post-maintenance management, strictly control the surface water level. The water level of slightly degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 5cm, and the water level of moderately and severely degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 10cm.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] Provided is an ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands, the steps are as follows:

[0031] Step 1: Diagnosis of the degree of degradation of the sedge grass wetland. In early May of the same year, investigate the degraded sedge grass wetlands. Wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 40% to 50% are slightly degraded, wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 30% to 40% are moderately degraded, and wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 20% to 30% are severely degraded. Different restoration measures are taken for different degrees of degradation.

[0032] Step 2: Restore the slightly degraded sedge wetland by using water control. Long-term irrigation will begin in mid-May and the surface water level will be controlled at 5 cm.

[0033] Step 3: To restore moderately degraded sedge wetlands, use a combination of water regulation and transplanting of aboveground stems. Cut the aboveground stems of the current year's sedge, each section containing 5 to 7 aboveground branches, with a spacing of 30 cm and a planting depth of 5 to 10 cm. The transplanting time is mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting, control the surface water level at 10 to 15 cm, and use shading nets to shade for 10 to 20 days.

[0034] Step 4: To restore severely degraded Sedge Wetland, use a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting. Dig Sedge Weed plants with rhizomes and plant them in clumps, with 3 to 4 plants in each clump, 50 cm apart, and a planting depth of 10 to 15 cm. Transplant in mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting to control the surface water level at 15 to 20 cm.

[0035] Step 5: Post-maintenance management, strictly control the surface water level. The water level of slightly degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 5cm, and the water level of moderately and severely degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 10cm.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] Provided is an ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands, the steps are as follows:

[0038] Step 1: Diagnosis of the degree of degradation of the sedge grass wetland. In early May of the same year, investigate the degraded sedge grass wetlands. Wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 40% to 50% are slightly degraded, wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 30% to 40% are moderately degraded, and wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 20% to 30% are severely degraded. Different restoration measures are taken for different degrees of degradation.

[0039] Step 2: Restore the slightly degraded sedge wetland by using water control. Long-term irrigation will begin in mid-May, and the surface water level will be controlled at 10 cm.

[0040] Step 3: To restore moderately degraded sedge wetlands, a combination of water control and transplanting of aboveground stems was used. The aboveground stems of the current year's sedge were cut. Each section contained 7 aboveground branches with a spacing of 50 cm and a planting depth of 5 to 10 cm. The transplanting time was mid-May. Water was applied immediately after transplanting to control the surface water level at 10 to 15 cm. Shading nets were used for 10 to 20 days.

[0041] Step 4: To restore severely degraded Sedge Wetland, use a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting. Dig Sedge Weed plants with rhizomes and plant them in clumps, with 5 plants in each clump, 100 cm apart, and a planting depth of 10 to 15 cm. Transplant in mid-May. Water immediately after transplanting to control the surface water level at 15 to 20 cm.

[0042] Step 5: Post-maintenance management, strictly control the surface water level. The water level of slightly degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 5cm, and the water level of moderately and severely degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 10cm.

[0043] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, which are all different implementations based on the overall concept of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands, characterized in that: Step 1: Diagnosis of the degree of degradation of the sedge grass wetland. In early May of the same year, investigate the degraded sedge grass wetlands; wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 40% to 50% are slightly degraded, wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 30% to 40% are moderately degraded, and wetlands with a sedge grass coverage of 20% to 30% are severely degraded; Step 2: Restoration of slightly degraded sedge wetlands, using water control, starting from mid-May for long-term water accumulation, and controlling the surface water level at 5-10 cm; Step 3: Restoration of moderately degraded sedge wetlands, using a combination of water control and aboveground stem transplanting, cutting the aboveground stems of the current year's sedge, each section contains 5 to 8 aboveground branches, with a spacing of 30 to 50 cm, a planting depth of 5 to 10 cm, and the transplanting time is mid-May. Immediately after transplanting, irrigate, control the surface water level at 10 to 15 cm, and shade with a shading net for 10 to 20 days; Step 4: Restoration of severely degraded sedge wetlands, using a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting, digging sedge plants with rhizomes, planting them in clumps, 3 to 5 plants per clump, with a row spacing of 50 to 100 cm and a planting depth of 10 to 15 cm. Transplantation time is mid-May, and irrigation is carried out immediately after transplanting to control the surface water level at 15 to 20 cm; Step 5: Post-maintenance management, strictly control the surface water level. The water level of slightly degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 5cm, and the water level of moderately and severely degraded sedge wetlands should not be lower than 10cm.

2. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the surface water level is controlled at 5 cm.

3. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the surface water level is controlled at 10 cm.

4. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, cut the aboveground stems, each section containing 5 aboveground branches.

5. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, cut the aboveground stems, each section containing 8 aboveground branches.

6. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the row spacing is 30cm.

7. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the row spacing is 50cm.

8. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting is used, with plants planted in clumps, with 3 plants in each clump.

9. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, a combination of water regulation and rhizome transplanting is used, with plants planted in clumps, with 5 plants in each clump.

10. The ecological restoration technology for degraded sedge wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the row spacing is 50cm.