Efficient breeding method of agropyron cristatum and related application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, particularly relates to an efficient breeding method of wheatgrass and related application thereof, particularly relates to an efficient seed breeding method of wheatgrass plants and a matched field management technology thereof, and is suitable for large-scale production of improved wheatgrass seeds in arid and semi-arid regions, sand lands and slight saline-alkali soil. According to the wheatgrass breeding method through multi-factor collaborative optimization, the wheatgrass seed yield can be remarkably increased, a standardized breeding technology system is formed, and efficient forage grass improved variety support is provided for ecological restoration and grass animal husbandry development of northern arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and specifically relates to an efficient breeding method of ice grass and related applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] Native grass is an important treasure trove for ecological management, forage production and greening ground cover grass seed cultivation. Ice grass species are typical drought-tolerant and cold-tolerant plants, suitable for planting in arid and semi-arid grasslands and desert grasslands. It has good nutritional value, and fresh grass in early spring is a favorite food for various livestock such as sheep, cattle, and horses. It is expected to become the dominant variety for reseeding artificial grasslands in agricultural and pastoral transition zones and natural grasslands in arid areas, and improve the ecological and economic value of grasslands by repairing degraded grassland ecosystems.

[0003] Forage seed production is the primary link in the industrialization and commercialization of forage varieties, and is the goal pursued by forage breeders and forage growers. Breeding of improved varieties is a key link in the entire forage production industry chain. In response to the above expectations, there are currently shortcomings such as low seed yield, which is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale planting; lack of systematization of improved variety breeding technology, unclear key parameters such as water and fertilizer management and density control; large differences in adaptability between different varieties, and insufficient promotion of supporting technologies.

[0004] Existing technologies mostly use conventional planting methods, and fail to improve seed yield and quality through multi-factor synergistic optimization. Therefore, a scientific and standardized wheatgrass seed breeding technology system is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention selects multifunctional and dual-purpose native Icegrass varieties (lines), carries out systematic research and integration of efficient seed breeding technology, proposes control indicators such as density and water and fertilizer management, and clarifies the control methods; establishes a seed breeding technology system for Icegrass varieties (lines), improves seed yield and quality, forms standardized and scientific technology popularization and promotion, solves the problem of shortage of seeds for ecological construction and forage production, and provides technical support for efficient breeding of good varieties for grassland ecological restoration and green development and high-quality development of grassland animal husbandry.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides an efficient breeding method for wheatgrass, the breeding method comprising the following steps: (1) Optimize the varieties of ice grass to be bred; (2) Control the sowing rate of ice grass seeds; (3) Adjust the row spacing of ice grass seeds; (4) Appropriate irrigation; (5) Use of seed fertilizer; (6) Select topdressing and choose the time for topdressing; (7) Determine the time to harvest seeds.

[0007] In the present invention, the wheatgrass varieties in step (1) include: Chinese wheatgrass No. 62 and / or Mongolian wheatgrass new strain II.

[0008] In the present invention, the seed fertilizer in step (5) and the topdressing fertilizer in step (6) include NPK or urea.

[0009] In the present invention, the irrigation time in step (4) is from the late booting stage to the early heading stage of ice grass; the irrigation frequency is once per breeding cycle.

[0010] In the present invention, the time for topdressing in step (6) is the late booting stage and early heading stage of ice grass; the frequency of topdressing is once per breeding cycle.

[0011] In the present invention, when the breeding variety of ice grass is the new strain II of Mongolian ice grass, the sowing rate of the ice grass seeds is 3 kg / mu; the row spacing of the ice grass seeds is 30 cm~40 cm; the irrigation amount is 10 m³ / mu~20 m³ / mu; when the seed fertilizer is NPK, the application rate of the seed fertilizer is 30 kg / mu, and when the seed fertilizer is urea, the application rate of the seed fertilizer is 24 kg / ~30 kg / mu; when the seed fertilizer is urea, the application rate of the seed fertilizer is 10 kg / ~22 kg / mu, and when the seed fertilizer is NPK, the application rate of the seed fertilizer is 15 kg / mu; the harvesting time of the seeds is: harvesting when 80% of the seeds are mature.

[0012] In the present invention, when the breeding variety of ice grass is Zhongcao No. 62 ice grass, the sowing amount of the ice grass seeds is 2.5 kg / mu to 3 kg / mu; the row spacing of the ice grass seeds is 45 cm; the irrigation amount is 30 m³ / mu to 40 m³ / mu; when the seed fertilizer is NPK, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 24kg / mu to 30 kg / mu, when the seed fertilizer is urea, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 18kg / ~24 kg / mu; when the seed fertilizer is urea, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 16kg / ~22 kg / mu, when the seed fertilizer is NPK, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 20kg / mu to 25kg / mu; the harvesting time of the seeds is: harvest when 85% of the seeds are mature.

[0013] The present invention also provides an application based on the above-mentioned ice grass breeding method. In the present invention, the above-mentioned breeding method is used in planting in cold and cool areas such as arid and semi-arid areas and / or sandy beaches and / or slightly saline-alkali lands and / or dam grasslands.

[0014] Beneficial technical effects: Years of practice have proved that the ice grass breeding method provided by the present invention through multi-factor coordinated optimization can significantly improve the ice grass seed yield and form a standardized breeding technology system. It can be seen from the specific data of the embodiment that the breeding method provided by the present invention can make the maximum yield of the Mongolian ice grass new variety II reach 122.53 kg / mu, which is 35% higher than the yield of conventional methods, and the yield of Zhongcao No. 62 ice grass is increased by 28%, providing efficient forage grass variety support for ecological restoration and grassland and animal husbandry development in northern arid areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 To record the process of ice grass growth period; Figure 2 To record the process of flowering of ice grass; Figure 3 To record the process of the fruiting period of ice grass; Figure 4 This is a record of the withering process of ice grass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The experiment was carried out at the Shaerqin Experimental Base in Hohhot. Before the experiment, sheep manure was applied as a base fertilizer at a rate of 1000 kg / mu to 1200 kg / mu. The plot area was 15m 2 , the 6-factor 5-level orthogonal experiment was repeated in 25 plots at one time, repeated 3 times, and 2 kinds of fertilizers, for a total of 150 plots. Five varieties (lines) of Ice Grass, including the commercially available Zhongcao No. 62 Ice Grass, Mengnong Hybrid Ice Grass, Mengnong No. 1 Mongolian Ice Grass, Mongolian Ice Grass New Line I (a new line obtained by single plant + open three-round mixed selection), and Mongolian Ice Grass New Line II (a new line obtained by single plant + open three-round mixed selection), were selected for seed breeding technology research and integration. The 6 factors are variety, density, seed fertilizer (EⅠ urea and EⅡ NPK organic fertilizer), row spacing, topdressing (FⅠ urea and FⅡ NPK organic fertilizer), and irrigation. The time of irrigation and topdressing is once each at the end of booting and the beginning of heading. The orthogonal test table is shown in Table 1, the experimental factors and levels are shown in Table 2, and the growth process of Ice Grass is recorded as follows. Figure 1~Figure 4 shown.

[0017] Planting in 2022, harvesting seeds in July and August 2023 and 2024, weighing after cleaning, analyzing and processing data, integrating comprehensive technology of improved seed breeding. Conclusion: Through years of multi-point conventional breeding of Chinese grass 62 ice grass and Mongolian ice grass new line II, with supporting improved varieties and good planting methods, the seed yield has been significantly improved, which is more suitable for planting and promotion in the arid and semi-arid areas, sandy beaches, mild saline-alkali land and cool areas of Bashang grassland in northern my country.

[0018] Table 1 6-factor 5-level orthogonal test table L25 (5 6 )

[0019] Table 2 Experimental factors and levels

[0020] 1. Data Analysis Details of the analysis results of the impact of different planting conditions on yield are shown in Tables 3 to 6. In the table, X(-)1, X(-)2, X(-)3, X(-)4, and X(-)5 represent the mean of the five yields corresponding to the six factors (variety, sowing rate, row spacing, water, seed fertilizer, and topdressing) at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Comparing the yield per mu and the mean of the large yield of X(-)1, X(-)2, X(-)3, X(-)4, and X(-)5, the largest corresponding level will lead to a higher yield.

[0021] (1) Production statistics in 2023 Table 3 Seed yield data in 2023 based on seed fertilizer NPK (kg / mu)

[0022] Table 4 Seed yield data in 2023 based on urea fertilizer (kg / mu)

[0023] 2023 is a drought year, so seedlings should be protected before tillering and watered appropriately. After harvest, it was calculated that the seed yield of Mongolian ice grass new line II was the largest, and the optimal schemes were A2B5C3D3E5F5 and A2B5C1D2E5F3, which were 3kg / mu sowing rate, 40cm row spacing, 20 m³ / mu irrigation, 30kg / mu NPK fertilizer, 22kg / mu urea topdressing and 3kg / mu sowing rate, 30cm row spacing, 10 m³ irrigation, 24kg / mu urea fertilizer, and 15kg / mu NPK topdressing; in this experiment, combined with Table 3 and Table 4, it can be seen that the direct measurement of the maximum seed yield combination is A2B1C2D3E4F5 and A2B5C1D2E3F4, with a yield of 116.60kg / mu and 122.53kg / mu. Under different conditions of seed fertilizer and topdressing, the order of factors affecting seed yield is consistent: A>C>D>E>B>F.

[0024] The optimal schemes for Zhongcao 62 ice grass are A5B5C4D4E5F5 and A5B5C4D5E5F5, which are 3kg / mu sowing rate, 45cm row spacing, 30 m³ / mu irrigation, 30kg / mu NPK fertilizer, 22kg / mu urea topdressing and 3kg / mu sowing rate, 45cm row spacing, 30 m³ irrigation, 24kg / mu urea, 25kg / mu NPK topdressing; in this experiment, the combinations with the highest seed yield directly measured are A4B5C3D1E4F2 and A4B1C4D2E5F3, with yields of 103.53kg / mu and 109.24kg / mu respectively. Under different seed fertilizers and topdressing, the order of factors affecting seed yield is A>C>D>E>B>F and C>B>A> E>F>D.

[0025] (2) Production statistics in 2024 Table 5 Seed yield data in 2024 based on seed fertilizer NPK (kg / mu)

[0026] Table 6 Seed yield data in 2024 based on urea fertilizer (kg / mu)

[0027] In 2024, the tillering period was dry, and appropriate irrigation was applied to protect seedlings, irrigation was applied in the early heading period, and rainfall was abundant after the flowering period until maturity. The calculation showed that the seed yield of the new line II of Mongolian ice grass was the largest, and the optimal schemes were A2B2C4D3E4F3 and A2B2C2D2E4F1, which were expressed as a sowing rate of 1.5kg / mu, row spacing of 45cm, irrigation of 20 m³, application of seed fertilizer NPK 24kg / mu, topdressing urea 10kg / mu and a sowing rate of 1.5kg / mu, row spacing of 35cm, irrigation of 10 m³ / mu, application of seed fertilizer urea 18kg / mu, and topdressing NPK 0kg / mu; in this experiment, the combinations with the largest seed yield directly measured were A2B1C2D3E4F5 and A2B5C1D2E3F4, with yields of 112.28kg / mu and 117.10kg / mu. The order of factors affecting seed yield is A>C>B>F>D>E and B>C>A>F>E>D.

[0028] Under different seed fertilizer and topdressing conditions, the optimal seed yield scheme for Zhongcao 62 Ice Grass is A5B4C4D4E4F4, which is represented by sowing rate of 2.5kg / mu, row spacing of 45cm, irrigation of 40 m³ / mu, seed fertilizer NPK or urea of ​​24kg / mu or 18kg / mu, and topdressing urea or NPK of 22kg / mu or 25kg / mu; in this experiment, combined with Table 5 and Table 6, it can be seen that the direct measured seed yield combinations are A5B2C1D5E4F3 and A4B4C2D5E3F1, with yields of 111.17kg / mu and 116.33kg / mu respectively. The order of seed yield influencing factors is C>E>D>A>F>B and B>C>A>F>E>D.

[0029] In summary, the preferred sowing rate of the new Mongolian ice grass line II is 1.5kg / mu~3.0kg / mu, the row spacing is 30cm~45cm, the irrigation is 10m³ / mu~20 m³ / mu, the seed fertilizer NPK is 24kg / mu~30kg / mu or the urea is 18kg / mu~24kg / mu, and the topdressing fertilizer NPK is 0kg / mu~15 kg / mu or the urea is 10kg / mu~22 kg / mu.

[0030] The preferred sowing rate of Zhongcao No. 62 ice grass is 2.5kg / mu~3kg / mu, row spacing is 45cm, irrigation is 20m³ / mu~30m³ / mu, seed fertilizer NPK 24kg / mu~30kg / mu or urea 18kg / mu~24kg / mu, topdressing NPK 25kg / mu or urea 22kg / mu. The main factors affecting the seed breeding of ice grass and Mongolian ice grass are variety and row spacing.

[0031] Field management: Weeds should be eliminated in time during the seedling stage. The plant grows slowly in the first year of sowing and is easily damaged by weeds. Weeds in the field should be removed in time. In the second year, the plant grows fast, has strong tillering ability, and is tall and not easily damaged by weeds. The field can be managed in a rough manner.

[0032] Harvesting and utilization: For the planting fields of Zhongcao 62 ice grass, harvest in time when 85% of the seeds are mature; for the planting fields of Mongolian ice grass new varieties I and II, harvest in time when 80% of the seeds are mature.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that the inventor of the present invention can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient breeding method for wheatgrass, characterized in that: The breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) Optimize the breeding of wheatgrass varieties; The wheatgrass varieties include: China wheatgrass No. 62 and / or Mongolian wheatgrass new strain II; (2) Control the amount of wheatgrass seeds sown; (3) Adjust the row spacing of ice grass seeds; (4) Proper watering; The irrigation time is at the end of the booting stage and the beginning of the heading stage of ice grass; the irrigation frequency is once per breeding cycle; (5) Use of seed fertilizer; (6) Select topdressing and choose the time for topdressing; The topdressing time is at the end of wheatgrass booting and the beginning of heading; the frequency of topdressing is once per breeding cycle; (7) Determine the time to harvest seeds.

2. The efficient breeding method of wheatgrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed fertilizer in step (5) and the topdressing fertilizer in step (6) include NPK or urea.

3. The efficient breeding method of wheatgrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the breeding variety of ice grass is the new strain II of Mongolian ice grass, The sowing rate of the wheatgrass seeds is 1.5kg / mu to 3.0kg / mu; The row spacing of the wheatgrass seeds is 30 cm to 40 cm; The irrigation amount is 10 m³ / mu~20 m³ / mu; When the seed fertilizer is NPK, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 24kg / mu to 30kg / mu; when the seed fertilizer is urea, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 18kg / mu to 24kg / mu; When the topdressing is NPK, the application amount of the topdressing is 0 kg / mu to 15 kg / mu, and when the topdressing is urea, the application amount of the topdressing is 10 kg / mu to 22 kg / mu; The seeds are harvested when 80% of the seeds are mature.

4. The efficient breeding method of wheatgrass according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the breeding variety of ice grass is Zhongcao No. 62 ice grass, The sowing rate of wheatgrass seeds is 2.5 kg / mu to 3 kg / mu; The row spacing of the wheatgrass seeds is 45 cm; The irrigation amount is 20m³ / mu~30m³ / mu; When the seed fertilizer is NPK, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 24 kg / mu to 30 kg / mu; when the seed fertilizer is urea, the application amount of the seed fertilizer is 18 kg / mu to 24 kg / mu; When the topdressing is NPK, the application amount of the topdressing is 25kg / mu, and when the topdressing is urea, the application amount of the topdressing is 22kg / mu; The seeds are harvested when 85% of the seeds are mature.

5. Use of the efficient breeding method of wheatgrass according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in planting in arid and semi-arid areas and / or sandy beaches and / or slightly saline-alkali lands and / or grasslands on the dam in cool areas.

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