Method for shortening growth cycle of watermelons

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a method for shortening the growth cycle of watermelons, which comprises the following steps: A10, acquiring a wormcast soak solution, and applying the wormcast soak solution in the flowering and fruit setting period of the watermelons; and A20, performing field management, and harvesting after the watermelons are mature. When the wormcast soaking solution is applied in the flowering and fruit setting period of the watermelons, the watermelons can be promoted to mature quickly, the mature period of the watermelons can be shortened, compared with the mode that the wormcast soaking solution is not applied, the growth cycle of the watermelons is shortened from 95.6 d to 90.4 d and is shortened by 5.2 d, the market time of the watermelons is shortened, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a method for shortening the growth cycle of watermelons. Background Art

[0002] Watermelon varieties are divided into early-maturing varieties and late-maturing varieties according to their maturity period. Early-maturing varieties generally mature in about 90 days. Generally, early-maturing melons are smaller and planted at a higher density. Late-maturing varieties take about 4 months from sowing to maturity. They are large and durable. In order to meet market demand, melon farmers usually choose to plant a large number of early-maturing watermelons in spring and put them on the market in early summer. It can be seen that the shorter the growth cycle of early-maturing watermelons, the higher the economic benefits.

[0003] The entire growth cycle of early-maturing watermelons is divided into three stages: flowering and fruiting, fruit expansion, and maturity. The flowering and fruiting period is when the watermelon is sown, and after a period of growth, it begins to bloom and bear fruit. The flowering period is generally 5 to 8 days, and the fruit generally takes about 15 to 20 days to grow into its initial shape after flowering; the fruit expansion period is the growth process from the initial shape of the fruit to the maturity period, and the fruit expansion period usually takes 20 to 25 days; the watermelon maturity period refers to the period from fruit development to maturity, and the maturity period of early-maturing watermelons usually takes 28 to 33 days. The study hopes to shorten the growth cycle of early-maturing watermelons and improve economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for shortening the growth cycle of watermelons to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art of shortening the growth cycle of early-maturing watermelons and improving economic benefits.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following scheme:

[0006] A method for shortening the growth cycle of watermelon, comprising the following steps:

[0007] A10 obtain earthworm castings soaked in liquid, in the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, apply the earthworm castings soaked in liquid;

[0008] A20. Carry out field management and harvest the watermelons after they are ripe.

[0009] Preferably, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is prepared by the following method:

[0010] A11. Prepare vermicompost;

[0011] A12. Add water to the earthworm castings and soak for a predetermined period of time, stirring at irregular intervals during the soaking period;

[0012] A13. After soaking, precipitation is performed;

[0013] A14. Separate the precipitate to obtain the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of the earthworm castings to the clean water is 1:20 to 1:30.

[0015] Preferably, the predetermined duration is 72 hours to 120 hours.

[0016] Preferably, the ambient temperature during the soaking period is 30°C to 37°C.

[0017] Preferably, the A10 step further includes: obtaining a weak acidic substance, mixing the weak acidic substance with the earthworm casting soaking liquid in a volume ratio of 1:10 to 1:20, and applying the mixture during the flowering and fruiting period of the watermelon.

[0018] Preferably, the weakly acidic substance is an acetic acid solution, and the concentration is 0.01 mol / L to 0.32 mol / L.

[0019] Preferably, the amount of the earthworm castings soaking liquid applied is 350m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 450m 3 ·hm -2 .

[0020] Preferably, the field management includes water and fertilizer management, which includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and water, and the nitrogen fertilizer application rate during the entire growth cycle is 150 kg·hm -2 Up to 170kg·hm -2 The potassium fertilizer application rate is 290 kg·hm -2 Up to 310kg·hm -2 The irrigation volume is 2000m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 2200m 3 ·hm -2 .

[0021] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present application provides a method for shortening the growth cycle of watermelons. First, a worm castings soaking liquid is obtained; when the watermelon seedlings grow to the flowering and fruiting stage, the worm castings soaking liquid is applied; then, field management is performed, and the watermelons are harvested after they mature. Applying the worm castings soaking liquid during the flowering and fruiting stage of watermelons can promote the rapid maturity of watermelons and shorten their growth cycle. Compared with not applying the worm castings soaking liquid, the growth cycle of watermelons is shortened from 95.6 days to 90.4 days, which is shortened by 5.2 days, and the time for watermelons to be put on the market is advanced, thereby improving economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more comprehensively in conjunction with the scheme below. And the preferred implementation of the present application is given. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the implementation described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these implementations is to make the disclosure of the present application more thoroughly and comprehensively understood.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0025] A method for shortening the growth cycle of watermelon, comprising the following steps:

[0026] A10 obtain earthworm castings soaked in liquid, in the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, apply the earthworm castings soaked in liquid;

[0027] A20. Carry out field management and harvest the watermelons after they are ripe.

[0028] First, conventional technical means are used to cultivate watermelon seedlings in a greenhouse, and a suitable planting site is selected and processed, including plowing, ridge making, loosening the soil, irrigation, and applying base fertilizer.

[0029] Then, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is obtained and set aside.

[0030] Next, the watermelon seedlings grown to a certain size (for example, grown to 3 true leaves) are transplanted to the treated planting site, and field management is carried out according to the management procedures for planting watermelons, including water and fertilizer management, vine management, pest control management, etc.

[0031] When the watermelon grows to the flowering and fruiting stage, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is applied to the soil. It should be noted that when applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid, no additional water and fertilizer are added.

[0032] After applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid during the flowering and fruiting period, the watermelons are managed according to the conventional field management method until they are ripe, and then they are harvested.

[0033] Applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon can promote the rapid maturity of watermelon and shorten its growth cycle. Compared with not applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid, the growth cycle of watermelon is shortened from 95.6 days to 90.4 days, which is shortened by 5.2 days.

[0034] Specifically, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is prepared by the following method:

[0035] A11. Prepare vermicompost;

[0036] A12. Add water to the earthworm castings and soak for a predetermined period of time, stirring at irregular intervals during the soaking period;

[0037] A13. After soaking, precipitation is performed;

[0038] A14. Separate the precipitate to obtain the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

[0039] Collect earthworm castings, place the collected earthworm castings in a container, add clean water into the container, soak the earthworm castings for 72 hours to 120 hours, and stir them from time to time during the soaking process.

[0040] After soaking, precipitation is carried out, and the precipitate is separated to obtain the earthworm castings soaking liquid. The earthworm castings soaking liquid is applied during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, which is beneficial to promoting the maturity of watermelon, shortening its growth cycle, advancing the time for watermelon to be put on the market, and improving economic benefits.

[0041] The weight ratio of the earthworm castings to the clean water is 1:20 to 1:30. When the earthworm castings soaking liquid is applied during the flowering and fruiting period of the watermelon, topdressing and irrigation are not required.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the ambient temperature during the soaking period is 30°C to 37°C.

[0043] Furthermore, the step A10 further includes: obtaining a weak acidic substance, mixing the weak acidic substance with the earthworm castings soaking liquid at a volume ratio of 1:10 to 1:20, and applying the mixture during the flowering and fruiting period of the watermelon. Applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid containing the weak acidic substance during the flowering and fruiting period of the watermelon can further shorten its growth cycle.

[0044] Specifically, the weakly acidic substance is an acetic acid solution, and the concentration is 0.01 mol / L to 0.32 mol / L.

[0045] Preferably, the amount of the earthworm castings soaking liquid applied is 350 m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 450m 3 ·hm -2 It should be noted that when the watermelon is applied with the earthworm castings soaking liquid and the weak acidic substance during the flowering and fruiting period, the amount of the earthworm castings soaking liquid applied is 350m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 450m 3 ·hm -2 , and within this range, the ratio of the weakly acidic substance to the earthworm castings soaking liquid is 1:10 to 1:20.

[0046] The field management includes water and fertilizer management, which includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and water. The nitrogen fertilizer application rate during the entire growth cycle of watermelon is 150 kg·hm -2 Up to 170kg·hm -2 The potassium fertilizer application rate is 290 kg·hm -2 Up to 310kg·hm -2 The irrigation volume is 2000m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 2200m 3 ·hm -2 .

[0047] The following specific test examples are used to further illustrate the technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention. It should be noted that the following test examples are only for further explaining the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0048] 1.1 Test materials

[0049] This experiment selected the early-maturing watermelon variety "Ningmei No. 2", which was bred by the Horticulture Research Institute of the Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.

[0050] 1.2 Test methods

[0051] The experiment was carried out from March 2021 to June 2022. The test area is located in Gaozha Town, Litong District, Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (37°86′82″N, 106°19′67″E), with an altitude of 1132m, an average annual rainfall of about 193mm, and an average annual evaporation of about 2014mm. It belongs to the temperate continental semi-arid climate. The local soil type is typical gray-calcium soil, with a soil pH of 8.14 and an organic matter content of 17.15g·kg -1 , total salt 0.98g·kg -1 、Total nitrogen 0.92g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.95g·kg -1 , total potassium 21.12g·kg -1 , hydrolyzed nitrogen 67.60 mg kg -1 , Available phosphorus 39.04 mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 172.12 mg kg -1 .

[0052] During the growth process of watermelon, the period from planting to the unfolding of 5 true leaves and the period when the seedling height is 10cm to 13cm is recorded as the seedling stage; the period from the clustering of watermelons to the flowering of the second female flower on the main vine is recorded as the vine extension stage; the period from flowering and pollination to the initial formation of fruit is recorded as the flowering and fruiting stage; the period from "hair removal" to "fixed size" of watermelon fruits is recorded as the fruit swelling stage; the period from the end of the fruit swelling stage to the period when the skin is bright, the flesh is bright red, and the sugar content is sufficient is recorded as the maturity stage.

[0053] Specifically, the photosynthetic measurement LCpro T can be used to measure the photosynthetic content of watermelon during the seedling stage, vine extension stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruit swelling stage and maturity stage, and the chlorophyll meter IN-YL01 can be used to measure its chlorophyll content and record the specific time required for different growth stages.

[0054] In this experiment, the area of ​​each plot selected is 666.66m 2 (one acre), set up three groups of parallel tests for each test case and take the average value.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] Seedling cultivation began in late February 2021, and the planting site was treated in the greenhouse in early March. The ground was plowed to a depth of 35 cm, and 6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 15 kg of phosphorus fertilizer were buried in the soil as base fertilizer, and water was applied appropriately.

[0057] On March 20, 2021, the watermelon seedlings were transplanted to the planting site, and field management was carried out according to the normal growth procedures of watermelons, including topdressing and irrigation during the seedling stage, vine extension stage, flowering and fruiting stage, and fruit expansion stage. Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were used as topdressing. In the seedling stage, the nitrogen application rate was 2kg, the potassium application rate was 1kg, and the irrigation rate was 30m3; in the vine extension stage, the nitrogen application rate was 4kg, the potassium application rate was 2kg, and the irrigation rate was 50m3. 3 ; Flowering and fruiting period: nitrogen application rate is 8kg, potassium application rate is 15kg, irrigation rate is 30m 3 During the fruit expansion period: 4 kg nitrogen, 15 kg potassium, and 50 m3 of irrigation water. 3 .

[0058] The growth cycle of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted, as shown in Table 1.

[0059] Test Example 1

[0060] Same as comparative example 1, except that 26m 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked in liquid, and no top dressing or irrigation is required during the seedling stage.

[0061] The method of preparing the earthworm castings soaking liquid comprises preparing earthworm castings; adding clean water to the earthworm castings and stirring the earthworm castings, wherein the ratio of the earthworm castings to clean water is 1:25; soaking the earthworm castings in an environment at a temperature of 35° C. for 90 hours; and performing precipitation after the soaking, separating the precipitate, and obtaining the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

[0062] The growth cycle of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted, as shown in Table 1.

[0063] Test Example 2

[0064] Same as Example 1, except that 26m 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked in liquid, and no additional fertilizer or watering is required during the vine extension period.

[0065] Test Example 3:

[0066] Same as test example 1, except that 26m 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked in liquid, and no additional fertilizer or watering is required during flowering and fruit setting.

[0067] Test example 4:

[0068] Same as test example 1, except that 26m 3 / mu of earthworm manure soaked liquid, and no additional fertilizer or watering is required during the fruit swelling period.

[0069] Table 1 Statistics of the growth cycle of watermelon in comparative example 1, test examples 1 to 4

[0070]

[0071] The data in Table 1 above show that: in Comparative Example 1, the entire growth cycle of Ningmei No. 2 watermelon from planting to maturity is 95.6 days, and in Experimental Example 1, after applying earthworm castings soaking liquid to Ningmei No. 2 watermelon in the seedling stage, the entire growth cycle is 95.4 days; in Experimental Example 2, after applying earthworm castings soaking liquid to Ningmei No. 2 watermelon in the vine extension stage, the entire growth cycle is 95.3 days. Compared with Comparative Example 1, in Experimental Examples 1 and 2, after applying earthworm castings soaking liquid to Ningmei No. 2 watermelon in the seedling stage and vine extension stage, respectively, the growth cycle effect of watermelon is not very obvious; in Experimental Example 3, Ningmei No. 2 watermelon in Experimental Example 3 After applying earthworm castings soaking liquid to Ningmei No. 2 watermelon during the flowering and fruiting period, the entire growth cycle was 92.7 days. Compared with Comparative Example 1, in Experimental Example 3, earthworm castings soaking liquid was applied to Ningmei No. 2 watermelon during the flowering and fruiting period, and the growth cycle of the watermelon was significantly shortened. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the growth cycle of watermelon in Experimental Example 3 was shortened by 2.9 days; in Experimental Example 4, after earthworm castings soaking liquid was applied to Ningmei No. 2 watermelon during the fruit swelling period, the entire growth cycle was 96.6 days. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the growth cycle of the watermelon was not shortened, but extended.

[0072] Test Example 5:

[0073] Same as Experiment 3, except that when the watermelon grows to the flowering and fruiting stage, the amount of earthworm castings soaked in water is 23m 3 / mu.

[0074] Test Example 6:

[0075] Same as Experiment 3, except that when the watermelon grows to the flowering and fruiting stage, the amount of earthworm castings soaked in water is 30m3 / mu.

[0076] The growth cycle of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted. See Table 2 for details.

[0077] Table 2 Statistical table of the growth cycle of watermelon in Experimental Example 5 and Experimental Example 6

[0078]

[0079] It can be seen from Experimental Examples 5 and 6 that when different amounts of earthworm castings soaking liquid are applied during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, there is basically no effect on the growth cycle of watermelon compared with Experimental Example 3. 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked liquid, the growth period of watermelon is 92.7 days, and in Example 5, 23m 3 / mu of earthworm manure soaking liquid, the growth period of watermelon is 92.3d. Compared with Experimental Example 3, the growth period of watermelon in Experimental Example 5 is shortened by 0.4 days; in Example 6, 30m 3 / mu of earthworm manure soaked liquid, the growth period of watermelon was shortened by 0.3d.

[0080] Test Example 7

[0081] The same as Experimental Example 3, except that the earthworm castings soaking liquid in Experimental Example 3 is replaced by a mixture of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm castings soaking liquid, and the ratio of 1% acetic acid solution to earthworm castings soaking liquid is 1:20.

[0082] Test Example 8

[0083] Same as Experimental Example 7, except that the ratio of 1% acetic acid solution to earthworm castings soaking liquid is 1:10.

[0084] The growth cycle of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted, as shown in Table 3.

[0085] Table 3 Statistical table of the growth cycle of watermelons in Experimental Examples 7 and 8

[0086]

[0087] It can be seen from Experimental Examples 7 and 8 that when a mixed solution of acetic acid solution and earthworm castings is applied during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, the growth period of watermelon is shortened compared with Example 3.

[0088] In Experimental Example 7, a mixed solution of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm castings was applied at a ratio of 1:20 during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, and in Experimental Example 3, a solution of earthworm castings was applied during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon. Compared with Experimental Example 3, the growth period of watermelon in Experimental Example 7 was shortened by 2.3 days; in Experimental Example 8, a mixed solution of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm castings was applied at a ratio of 1:10 during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, and the growth period of watermelon was shortened by 1.8 days compared with Experimental Example 3. It can be seen that in Experimental Example 7, when a mixed solution of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm castings was applied at a ratio of 1:20 during the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, the effect was better.

[0089] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for shortening the growth period of watermelon, characterized in that: The steps include: A10 obtain earthworm castings soaked in liquid, in the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, apply the earthworm castings soaked in liquid; A20. Carry out field management and harvest the watermelons after they are ripe.

2. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworm castings soaking liquid is prepared by the following method: A11. Prepare vermicompost; A12. Add water to the earthworm castings and soak for a predetermined period of time, stirring at irregular intervals during the soaking period; A13. After soaking, precipitation is performed; A14. Separate the precipitate to obtain the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

3. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the earthworm castings to the clean water is 1:20 to 1:

30.

4. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 2, characterized in that: The predetermined duration is 72 hours to 120 hours.

5. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ambient temperature during the soaking period was 30°C to 37°C.

6. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The A10 step also includes: obtaining a weak acidic substance, mixing the weak acidic substance with the earthworm castings soaking liquid at a volume ratio of 1:10 to 1:20, and applying the mixture during the flowering and fruiting period of the watermelon.

7. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weakly acidic substance is an acetic acid solution, and the concentration thereof is 0.01 mol / L to 0.32 mol / L.

8. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The amount of the worm castings soaking liquid applied is 350m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 450m 3 ·hm -2 .

9. The method for shortening the growth period of watermelon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field management includes water and fertilizer management, which includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and water. The nitrogen fertilizer application rate during the entire growth cycle is 150 kg·hm -2 Up to 170kg·hm -2 The potassium fertilizer application rate is 290 kg·hm -2 Up to 310kg·hm -2 The irrigation volume is 2000m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 2200m 3 ·hm -2 .

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