147 results about "Vermicompost" patented technology

The invention relates to a cultivation nutrient medium and a preparation method thereof. According to the nutrient medium, peat is completely abandoned, the coco coir, the straw and the biochar are combined to reduce ecological burden, the nutrient medium is an environment-friendly medium, the biochar fixes carbon and reduces emission, and the soil structure can be improved after long-term use; vermiculite improves the water-holding capacity, perlite and straw form a stable pore structure, and the ventilation porosity reaches 25% or above. Wormcast and a microbial agent synergistically release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the fertilizer efficiency is lasting. The microbial agent can inhibit soil-borne diseases such as fusarium and reduce the death rate of cultivated seedlings. The biochar adsorbs salt and toxins, and the EC value is stabilized at 1.2-1.8 mS / cm. The cost of the selected raw materials is reduced by 35% compared with that of a traditional substrate, and the substrate is suitable for large-scale production, suitable for vegetable seedling culture, potted flowers, organic farms and soilless culture systems, and especially suitable for saline-alkali soil or continuous cropping obstacle areas.

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a farmland drought-resisting and water-retaining multifunctional green fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The farmland drought-resisting and water-retaining multifunctional green fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of mushroom dregs, 10-20 parts of konjac glucomannan residues, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent, 11-15 parts of an NPK compound fertilizer, 4-6 parts of trace elements, 0.4-0.6 part of a fermentation inoculant, 1-2 parts of wormcast, 1-2 parts of humic acid and 0.6-0.8 part of a seaweed extract. The prepared fertilizer can significantly improve the physical structure of soil, enhance the water retention capacity of the soil, promote the growth and development of crop roots, and further improve the drought resistance of crops. In addition, the application of the fertilizer is helpful for reducing the use amount of chemical fertilizers, so that the sustainable development of ecological agriculture is promoted.

The invention relates to the field of soil remediation conditioners, and particularly provides a soil remediation conditioner for durian breeding as well as preparation and application of the soil remediation conditioner. The soil remediation conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 35 to 45 parts of organic matter fertilizer, 18 to 22 parts of biochar, 22 to 28 parts of humic acid, 8 to 12 parts of vermiculite, 10 to 14 parts of perlite, 12 to 18 parts of shell powder, 6 to 10 parts of mycorrhizal fungi, EM bacteria and other mixed bacteria, 8 to 12 parts of wormcast, 4 to 6 parts of amino acid chelate solution, 8 to 12 parts of coco coir and 4 to 6 parts of adhesive. The specific surface area of the biochar is 32 m < 2 > / g, and the particle size is 40 meshes; the soil remediation conditioner is applied to durian planting soil remediation, has the effects of improving the physical structure of soil, improving the air permeability and water retention of the soil, increasing the fertility of the soil and providing rich nutrition for breeding and growth of durian seedlings, and has great application potential for the durian industry.

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil improver and a use method thereof, and provides the following scheme aiming at the problems that an existing saline-alkali soil improver cannot remarkably improve the soil structure of saline-alkali soil with the high salinization degree, consequently, the soil water stability is low, and plants are difficult to grow normally. The flue gas desulfurization gypsum comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800-1200 parts of flue gas desulfurization gypsum, 10-60 parts of aluminum sulfate and 20-70 parts of an organic material, through use of the desulfurized gypsum, aluminum sulfate, an organic material, sodium lignin sulfonate, ammonium sulfate, carbamide, acrylic acid, chitosan, a dispersant, a biological agent, a wormcast fermentation broth, wood vinegar, calcium silicate, alginic acid, polysaccharide, hydrogel, plant peptide and polyurethane, the saline-alkali soil structure with a high salinization degree is significantly improved; the soil water stability is effectively improved, and the normal growth of plants is ensured.

The invention discloses a method for guiding light rare earth surface mine degraded plant community restoration through combination of limonium bicolor, mycorrhizal fungi and tolerant earthworm cast, and the method utilizes a combination mode of limonium bicolor, mycorrhizal fungi and tolerant earthworm cast to guide and construct a plant community-soil fungi-soil ecosystem circulation system. According to the method, the existing plant community of the light rare earth mine is guided to recover by utilizing a combination method of combining dominant plant species with different mycorrhizal fungi and adding tolerance earthworm manure, mycorrhizal fungi and the earthworm manure fertilizer are added in the transplanting process of adult plants, so that the plant survival is promoted, and the stress resistance of light rare earth is enhanced at the same time; plant-mycorrhiza-wormcast fertilizer combinations aiming at different light rare earth elements are screened out, and the whole plant community of the mine is recovered and the content of the light rare earth elements in the soil is reduced through a plant community recovery method.

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner based on two tailing-based composite organic matters and a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from iron tailings, molybdenum tailings, optimized wormcast organic matters, wood vinegar and ammonium sulfate according to the part ratio of 20: 15: 5: 1: 1. According to the method, the low-molecular organic acid is adopted to fully consider the synergistic utilization of the two tailings, so that mineral solid wastes are effectively reduced, the content of organic matters and trace elements necessary for plants in the saline-alkali soil is remarkably increased, the soil structure is adjusted, the salinity and alkalinity are reduced, the soil environment is remarkably improved, and the growth condition of the plants is improved; the soil conditioner has a good improvement effect on medium-low saline alkali soil. The main raw materials of the modifier belong to mineral industry solid wastes, the used raw materials are easy to obtain, low in cost and free of pollution, the technical scheme is simple and easy to operate and convenient to implement, and rationalized and resource pollution-free comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes is achieved.

The invention discloses a compound cadmium-reducing conditioner based on radix puerariae residue and wormcast and an application method. The cadmium-reducing conditioner comprises the following components in parts by mass: 35-40 parts of oyster shell powder, 30-45 parts of radix puerariae residue and wormcast, 3-5 parts of zinc fulvic acid, 8-10 parts of sodium sulfide and 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate. The cadmium-reducing conditioner is applied to soil before plowing of rice, plowing is performed after standing, and then the rice is transplanted; the earthworm cast is used for activating organic matter components in the radix puerariae residues, the earthworms are used for removing cadmium in the radix puerariae residues, active components in the radix puerariae residues and the earthworm cast and active components such as amino acid in the oyster shell powder act together with zinc fulvic acid, manganese fertilizer and sodium sulfide, and the oyster shell powder and the radix puerariae residues and the earthworm cast are adsorbed and degraded, so that the cadmium-rich organic fertilizer is obtained. The content of cadmium in the brown rice can be synergistically reduced to about 0.1 mg / kg; the operation is simple, and the raw materials are solid wastes and are easily available.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wormcast separation, and particularly relates to an intelligent earthworm and wormcast separation device and method.The intelligent earthworm and wormcast separation device comprises a shell assembly, a vibration assembly is arranged on the outer surface of the shell assembly, an adjusting assembly is arranged on the upper portion of the interior of the shell assembly, and a cleaning assembly is arranged on the lower portion of the interior of the shell assembly; the shell assembly comprises a shell, a separation cavity is formed in the shell, a first filter plate is movably connected to the upper portion of the interior of the separation cavity, a second filter plate is movably connected to the lower portion of the interior of the separation cavity, and a plurality of connecting rods are evenly arranged between the first filter plate and the second filter plate; the vibration assembly comprises a center shaft, and a plurality of eccentric wheels are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the center shaft. The intelligent earthworm and wormcast separation device is easy to operate, safe, stable, high in separation efficiency, good in separation effect, high in adaptability and high in stability, meets the actual earthworm separation processing production requirement, and ensures that earthworms and wormcast are evenly and effectively recycled.

The invention discloses a planting and breeding method for organic towel gourd and earthworm symbiosis. The planting and breeding method comprises the following steps that 1, a shady environment is built through towel gourd frame building planting; 2, crop straw, bean cakes and cow dung are used as feed to be stacked on the two sides of organic towel gourd planting to form an earthworm bed for breeding earthworms; 3, collecting earthworms after autumn towel gourds are harvested, and taking an earthworm bed and wormcast as a fertilizer of the organic towel gourds. According to organic towel gourd planting and earthworm growth breeding rules, a set of efficient ecological agriculture development mode is provided by combining current ecological, economic and social development requirements, and field trials show that the method has the advantages of being high in economic and ecological benefits, easy and convenient to manage, easy to master technical operation and the like.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a preparation method of a composite microbial agent and application of the composite microbial agent in continuous cropping stress resistance, the active ingredients of the composite microbial agent comprise Gliocladium mucilaginosum, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and a carrier contains a basic carrier, a synergistic component and a soil adaptive component (oyster shell powder or wormcast particles). The preparation method comprises the following steps: strain fermentation, carrier construction, solid-state co-fermentation, and mixing of a dried fermentation product and a carrier. After the compound microbial agent is used, the abundance of gliocladium mucilaginosum, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas chlororaphis in continuous cropping crop soil is obviously increased, and the abundance of fusarium oxysporum is obviously reduced; the acidification condition of the acidified soil is obviously improved, the content of organic acids (ferulic acid and vanillic acid) in the soil is obviously reduced, and the soil becomes loose from hardening, so that the root activity is improved, and the plant diseases and insect pests are resisted; the single fruit weight and sugar degree can be remarkably improved, the fruit storage rotting rate is reduced, and the effect is remarkable.

The invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali soil through an alkali-reducing fertility-improving stress-resistant saline-alkali soil improver and application. According to the method, a three-factor four-level orthogonal soil improvement experiment is designed through desulfurization gypsum, wormcast and straw compost, the soil improvement effect is further verified in a crop cultivation mode, the optimal improvement proportion of the composition is calculated and determined through an entropy weight-topsis model, and through the mode of combined application of three substances, the soil improvement effect is improved by improving the most basic soil environment. Therefore, the stress damage of the saline-alkali soil to the plants is effectively reduced, and the purpose of improving the saline-alkali soil is achieved.

The invention provides a large cherry culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of cherry planting. The large cherry culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of ceramsite, 15-20 parts of perlite, 7-12 parts of rice husk, 15-20 parts of wormcast, 20-30 parts of coco coir and 5-10 parts of nutrient particles. The nutrient particles take straw fibers, rock wool and sepiolite as carriers, and hydrolyzed protein is loaded on the carriers. The culture medium has the characteristics of water and fertilizer retention, good air permeability, high nutritional ingredients and the like, and can provide good conditions of water, fertilizer, air, heat, pH value and the like for plant root systems.

The invention discloses an earthworm compost upgrading method based on a bacillus velezensis BV-1 aerobic compost product. Comprising the following steps: by taking an aerobic compost rotten product pretreated by bacillus velezensis BV-1 as a substrate, adjusting the moisture content of the substrate to a proper value without additionally adding a conditioner, inoculating eisenia foetida, performing earthworm composting in a dark environment, slightly turning piles every 4-5 days during the period to prevent anaerobism, and maintaining the moisture content of the substrate to be stable. The quality of the earthworm cast is remarkably improved through'matrix advantage + microorganism continuation effect 'of a BV-1 aerobic composting product, and the total nitrogen content of the earthworm cast reaches 18.29 g / kg and is improved by 12.6% compared with that of a control group; the conductivity is reduced to 1.84 mS / cm and is reduced by 8.91% compared with that of a control group; meanwhile, a nitrogen cycle functional gene (the relative expression quantity of the nosZ gene is increased by 15 times compared with that of a control group) is activated, organic matter degrading bacteria Arenibacter (the relative abundance is 8.37%) are enriched, and unification of high nitrogen, low salt and high biological activity of earthworm compost products is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fertilizers. The invention aims to provide a fruit and vegetable biological source bacterial fertilizer system which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of wormcast, 200 parts of straw powder, 100 parts of humic acid, 1 part of a microbial agent and 5 parts of brown sugar. The microbial agent is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium and actinomycetes according to the weight ratio of 5: 3: 2. According to the invention, the natural wormcast is used as a microbial carrier, and by virtue of the unique physical structure and microbial basis of the wormcast and in combination with a functional strain compounding technology, the defects of the traditional fertilizer can be effectively overcome.

The present disclosure generally relates to liquid compositions that can be used to treat a water body, for example a dam, river or waste water. In particular, the present disclosure relates to compositions that can be used to control cyanobacteria in a water body. The liquid compositions comprise worm castings, a sugar source and optional other additives / excipients. The present disclosure also relates to methods of treating a water body using the liquid compositions. The present disclosure also relates to processes for preparing the liquid compositions, and also to uses and kits comprising the liquid compositions.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a wormcast granular bacterial fertilizer, and the wormcast granular bacterial fertilizer is prepared by adopting a base material ratio of wormcast to humus of 7: 3 through mechanical granulation, 80 DEG C constant temperature drying, particle cooling and functional bacterial agent spraying. The product has a remarkable application effect on various crops such as corn (grain corn, fresh corn and silage corn), hot peppers, tomatoes, traditional Chinese medicinal materials (radix glehniae, radix saposhnikoviae and radix achyranthis bidentatae) and the like, can give full play to the synergistic interaction effect of organic matrixes and functional microorganisms, and is stable in fertilizer efficiency, convenient to apply and suitable for industrial continuous production and large-area popularization and application.

The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping, and particularly relates to a flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping method based on earthworm compost and application of the flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping method. The flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping method based on earthworm compost comprises the following steps that 1, earthworm compost fertilizer is obtained, the earthworm compost fertilizer is earthworm compost, or the earthworm compost fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 88%-92% of earthworm compost, 1%-5% of biochar and 5%-9% of microbial fertilizer; and (2) applying fertilizers to the flue-cured tobaccos subjected to continuous cropping according to the application amount of 1000-2000kg / 667m < 2 >. According to the method, the wormcast generated by earthworm composting is applied to tobacco field soil which is continuously cropped for twenty years, and the excellent improvement effect on soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, soil microflora and flue-cured tobacco aroma substances is achieved.

The invention relates to an earthworm feed and an artificial breeding method of earthworms. The pig manure or cow dung is used as a main material, the bagasse is used as an auxiliary material, fingered citron processing waste is used as a synergist, the earthworm feed is prepared through aerobic fermentation, the feed can improve the palatability of earthworms, meanwhile, after the feed is laid on an earthworm bed, a bagasse layer is additionally arranged, the culture condition is further optimized, and the yield of the earthworms is increased. And the feeding time of the earthworms entering the material is shortened to 1-2 days from the traditional 3-4 days. According to the breeding method, the waste treatment efficiency can be improved, the interval between two times of feeding is shortened to 7-10 days from traditional 12-15 days, and the organic matter content of the prepared wormcast is averagely increased by 25% or above compared with a traditional method.

This invention discloses a method for preparing a rice seedling substrate based on rice and wheat straw, its products, and applications. This application converts rice and wheat straw into earthworm castings, optimizes the earthworm castings, and prepares a rice seedling substrate more suitable for rice seedling cultivation practices in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The water retention capacity of this seedling substrate is significantly superior to that of general seedling substrates. When using the "running water" irrigation method, it can continuously supply water to the seedlings even without timely irrigation, ensuring robust root growth; it can continuously control the pH of the seedling substrate, significantly improving the seedling's root development; and it can increase nutrient retention, ensuring the formation of strong seedlings.

The utility model relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizer processing equipment, and discloses an earthworm organic fertilizer production device, which comprises an earthworm manure soil stirring type fermentation mechanism, an earthworm manure soil stirring type fermentation mechanism and an earthworm manure soil stirring type fermentation mechanism, the fermentation inoculant blending mechanism comprises a fermentation inoculant barrel, and inoculant mixing wing rods are mounted on the fermentation inoculant barrel; one end of the driving part is connected with the scraping type stirring blanking wing rod; the linkage part is mounted between the scraping type stirring blanking wing rod and the microbial agent mixing wing rod; a material pumping type annular multi-angle spraying mechanism; and a frame structure. The earthworm cast soil splashed on the inner wall of the earthworm cast soil fermentation barrel due to centrifugal force can be scraped by the scraping type stirring and discharging wing rods at the same time; the earthworm cast soil in the earthworm cast soil fermentation cylinder can be sprayed in a multi-angle manner through a spraying part of the material pumping type annular multi-angle spraying mechanism.

The invention provides an organic improver for improving soil structure stability and an improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of improvement of specific waste soil of a refuse landfill. The organic improver for improving the soil structure stability comprises a physical improvement component and a chemical improvement component, the physical improvement component is wormcast with the particle size of 0 to 2.5 mm or 2.5 to 5.0 mm; the chemical improvement component comprises an inorganic base fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, and the application mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic base fertilizer is (50: 1)-(40: 1). A physical-chemical coupling synergistic scheme is adopted, physical improvement components and chemical improvement components are clear in division of labor and have synergistic interaction, the core problems of soil physical structure hardening and chemical fertility deficiency are synchronously solved, the defect of single improvement effect in the prior art is overcome, and synchronous optimization of soil physical properties and chemical fertility is achieved.

The invention belongs to the field of soil conditioning, and discloses a preparation method of a wormcast loaded nano argillaceous limestone soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps: grinding argillaceous limestone to nano size by a water milling method to obtain nano argillaceous limestone; wormcast is collected, shaded, air-dried, ground and sieved, and wormcast particles are obtained; uniformly mixing the nano argillaceous limestone and the wormcast particles; the wormcast loaded nano argillaceous limestone soil conditioner is used for growth of under-forest polygonatum kingianum, the pH and enzyme activity of soil can be improved, the growth of the under-forest polygonatum kingianum can be promoted, the physicochemical properties and nutrients of the under-forest soil can be improved, and the wormcast loaded nano argillaceous limestone soil conditioner is environmentally friendly, long in acting time and beneficial to production and income increase of farmers.

The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a method for shortening the growth cycle of watermelons, which comprises the following steps: A10, acquiring a wormcast soak solution, and applying the wormcast soak solution in the flowering and fruit setting period of the watermelons; and A20, performing field management, and harvesting after the watermelons are mature. When the wormcast soaking solution is applied in the flowering and fruit setting period of the watermelons, the watermelons can be promoted to mature quickly, the mature period of the watermelons can be shortened, compared with the mode that the wormcast soaking solution is not applied, the growth cycle of the watermelons is shortened from 95.6 d to 90.4 d and is shortened by 5.2 d, the market time of the watermelons is shortened, and economic benefits are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological bacterial fertilizer preparation, and relates to a composite wormcast biological bacterial fertilizer and a preparation and use method thereof. Mixing and pre-fermenting the modified cow dung and the modified corn straw; performing gradient inoculation on adult and young earthworms for biotransformation to obtain composite wormcast; carrying out enzymolysis on an organic nitrogen source, and compounding with humic acid to prepare a stable nitrogen source solution; and finally, mixing the composite wormcast, a nitrogen source liquid and a specific bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant in proportion, and carrying out stepped temperature-controlled fermentation to obtain a finished product. According to the method, through raw material biological modification, earthworm gradient conversion, nutrient enzymolysis compounding and functional bacterium directional fermentation multi-stage cooperation, the survival rate and activity of functional bacteria in the product and the soil colonization capacity are remarkably improved, nutrient slow release and supply and demand matching are achieved, and the functions of nutrient supply, growth promotion and disease resistance and soil improvement are integrated.

The invention discloses a special wormcast organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for sugarcane and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fertilizers. The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass: earthworm manure, an inorganic fertilizer, a medium element water-soluble fertilizer, a trace element water-soluble fertilizer, a biological agent and a synergist, the preparation method of the earthworm manure comprises the following steps: respectively weighing cow dung, cane sugar factory filter mud and bagasse pith, fermenting, uniformly mixing, adjusting moisture, feeding earthworms for 45-55 days, and separating the earthworms, thereby obtaining the earthworm manure. The compound fertilizer provided by the invention provides comprehensive and balanced nutrition for the growth of the sugarcane, is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of the sugarcane, and enhances the stress resistance of the sugarcane.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioning materials, in particular to salt-tolerant wormcast-based double-network microbial sustained-release gel microspheres as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The wormcast is selected as a filler, sodium alginate is selected as an embedding agent, and desulfurized gypsum is selected as a cross-linking agent, so that the salt-tolerant wormcast-based double-network microbial slow-release gel microspheres with high mechanical strength and high microbial encapsulation efficiency are constructed, and the gel microspheres can improve the soil quality by increasing the soil nutrient and organic matter content. The microbial survival rate is increased, the pH and salinity of the soil are reduced, the saline-alkali soil is effectively improved, and the method has the advantages of safety, high efficiency, low cost, simplicity in operation and the like, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to a selenium-rich fish, turtle and soft-shelled turtle ecological polyculture method based on livestock and poultry manure, earthworms and selenium-rich azolla filliculoidas, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. Through a three-level selenium enrichment technology (wormcast selenium 14-15 mg / kg, rumex hanus 1.4-1.5 mg / kg and feed 60% selenium-rich rumex hanus) and a spatial layered polyculture mode (upper-layer crucian, middle-layer turtles and bottom-layer turtles), the yield per mu is larger than 1335 kg, the selenium content of crucian is 0.12 mg / kg, the selenium content of turtles is 0.35 mg / kg, the selenium content of turtles is 0.33 mg / kg, the yield is increased by 12% compared with that of traditional single culture, and the feed cost is reduced to 1.1 yuan / kg. The water quality (ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.3 mg / L) is regulated and controlled by adopting a complex microbial inoculant, and facilities such as a back sunning platform and an inhabiting cave are matched, so that the survival rate reaches 85-90%.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the quality of earthworm manure. The invention provides an earthworm manure quality prediction model and a model construction method, the model is used for evaluating the quality of earthworm manure, the grade division of the earthworm manure quality can be realized by collecting the infrared spectrum data of the earthworm manure, and the method has the advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, accuracy, reliability and low cost; the whole detection process is environment-friendly and pollution-free, the operation is simple, automation is easy to realize, and popularization and application are convenient.

The invention discloses wormcast seedling pot production equipment and process, and relates to the technical field of seedling pot production, the wormcast seedling pot production equipment comprises a first support frame, a blanking box and a rotating disc, the upper part of the first support frame is provided with transmission equipment, the outer side of the transmission equipment is provided with a plurality of placing discs, and the side surface of the first support frame is provided with a second support frame; the discharging box is fixedly connected with the second supporting frame, the rotating disc is detachably connected with the second supporting frame, a supporting plate is installed on the upper portion of the first supporting frame, and a feeding assembly used for conveying equipment is arranged on the supporting plate. According to the earthworm cast seedling raising device, through the arrangement of the pressing assembly, the earthworm cast seedling raising pot with an opening can be formed through pressing, a rich nutrition source is provided for plants, the opening for inserting seedlings is formed, and the seedlings can be directly inserted for cultivation work.

The invention relates to a method of producing nitrogen-enhanced vermicomposting through the incorporation of nitrogen-rich Gliricidia sepium leaves into a vermicomposting substrate. Organic waste materials including animal manure, crop residues, and food waste are blended with pre-dried and shredded Gliricidia sepium foliage in optimized proportions and decomposed by epigeic earthworms (Eisenia fetida) under mesophilic conditions (20–35 °C). The biological interaction between earthworms and microorganisms results in a finely divided, porous, humus-like vermicompost characterized by increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) levels and measurable nitrogen content.