Soil conditioner suitable for acid yellow soil as well as preparation method and application of soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner suitable for acid yellow soil, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 30 parts of straw charcoal, 20 to 40 parts of organic fertilizer, 5 to 15 parts of dolomite, 5 to 15 parts of kaolinite, 10 to 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 to 15 parts of zeolite, 5 to 10 parts of fulvic acid, 3 to 8 parts of microbial fertilizer and 10 to 20 parts of wormcast. All the components have a synergistic effect and jointly improve the soil quality of the acid yellow soil, a good soil condition is provided for growth of crops, the acid yellow soil environment is effectively improved, and the yield and quality of the crops are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular relates to a soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Yellow soil is one of the important soil types widely distributed in southern my country. In dryland agriculture in yellow soil areas, there are many problems that seriously affect agricultural production and soil quality:

[0003] First, the problem of soil acidity, thinness and stickiness is prominent. The dryland soil in the yellow soil area is highly acidic and the pH value is usually low, which makes the activity of elements such as aluminum and manganese in the soil too high, which is toxic to the root system of crops, restricts the growth of the root system and the absorption of nutrients and water. At the same time, it also leads to a relative lack of available nutrients in the soil, showing the characteristics of "thinness". In addition, the soil texture is heavy and the clay content is high, which makes the cohesion between soil particles larger. It is easy to form large clods during the tillage process, which is not conducive to the interlacing and growth of crop roots. Secondly, the permeability of the soil is poor. The heavy soil structure makes the soil porosity smaller, especially the lack of ventilation pores, gas exchange is blocked, the oxygen content in the soil is low, and harmful gases such as carbon dioxide are difficult to discharge, which seriously affects the activity of soil microorganisms and the respiration of the root system, which is not conducive to the normal growth and development of crops. In addition, organic matter decomposes quickly and the quality of humus degrades. The climatic conditions in the yellow soil area are often warm and humid, which makes the organic matter in the soil decompose faster and difficult to accumulate in the soil. At the same time, due to long-term unreasonable farming and fertilization, the quality of humus in the soil has been deteriorating, and its role in improving soil structure and retaining nutrients has gradually weakened. Finally, nutrient loss is serious. Due to the special properties of yellow soil and the relatively concentrated rainfall, nutrients in the soil are easily lost with surface runoff and leakage, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macroelements and some trace elements, which further aggravates the decline in soil fertility and leads to the emergence of a large number of medium and low-yield fields.

[0004] Although there are some soil conditioners on the market, most of them are not fully and comprehensively designed for the special soil properties of acidic yellow soil and low-yield dryland fields, and cannot effectively solve the above-mentioned complex and interrelated soil problems. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an efficient soil conditioner that is specifically suitable for acidic yellow soil and can comprehensively improve the soil quality of low-yield dryland fields. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to effectively improve the acidic yellow soil environment and increase crop yield.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-30 parts of straw biochar, 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of dolomite, 5-15 parts of kaolinite, 10-15 parts of superphosphate, 5-15 parts of zeolite, 5-10 parts of fulvic acid, 3-8 parts of microbial fertilizer and 10-20 parts of earthworm manure.

[0008] Preferably, the straw biochar is selected from one or more of corn, wheat, rice straw, sorghum, soybean, peanut, rapeseed, and bamboo straw biochar.

[0009] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is selected from organic fertilizer fermented from agricultural waste or organic fertilizer fermented from livestock and poultry manure.

[0010] Preferably, the microbial fertilizer includes one or more of Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus gelatinosarum, Rhizobium, and actinomycetes.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: selecting plant straws, carbonizing them under anaerobic conditions to prepare straw biochar; selecting agricultural waste or livestock and poultry manure, adding a composting agent and fermenting them until they are mature to prepare organic fertilizer; crushing dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite and passing them through an 80-100 mesh sieve; and mixing all the raw materials in proportion.

[0012] Preferably, the straw biochar preparation method comprises: crushing the plant straw to 1-5 cm, heating to 400-600° C. at a heating rate of 3-10° C. / min in an anaerobic environment, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 1-5 h, and cooling to room temperature.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing organic fertilizer comprises: fermenting organic fertilizer from agricultural waste: crushing agricultural waste, adjusting the water content to 50%-70%, adding straw composting agent, composting and fermenting for 3-6 months, turning the pile regularly during the period until the material is decomposed, and obtaining fermented organic fertilizer from agricultural waste; fermenting organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure: collecting livestock and poultry manure, adjusting the water content to 50%-60%, adding fermentation composting agent, fermenting at a temperature of 50-70°C for 30-60d, turning the pile 2-4 times during the period, and obtaining fermented organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure.

[0014] The invention also provides application of the soil conditioner in improving acidic yellow soil.

[0015] Preferably, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 1-3 t / hm 2 .

[0016] Preferably, the soil conditioner is applied 10-15 days before crop sowing or fruit tree budding, and the soil is tilled to 20-30 cm.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention provides a soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, which can (1) improve soil acidity: the components such as straw biochar, dolomite, kaolinite, etc. in the soil conditioner can effectively neutralize soil acidity, increase soil pH, reduce the activity of elements such as aluminum and manganese, and reduce toxicity to crop roots.

[0019] (2) Increase soil nutrients: Organic fertilizers, superphosphate, zeolite, humic acid and other raw materials provide rich nutrients to the soil, improve the "thin" characteristics of the soil, and increase soil fertility.

[0020] (3) Improve soil structure: Straw biochar, organic fertilizer, earthworm castings and other ingredients can improve soil texture, increase soil porosity, improve soil aeration and water permeability, and promote the activity of soil microorganisms and root respiration.

[0021] (4) Increasing soil organic matter content: The use of organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers helps to increase soil organic matter content, slow down the decomposition of organic matter, improve the quality of humus, and enhance its effect on improving soil structure and conserving nutrients.

[0022] (5) Increase the thickness of the tillage layer: By applying this soil conditioner, the compaction of the soil can be improved, and the compaction of the tillage layer caused by traditional tillage methods can be reduced, thereby increasing the thickness of the tillage layer, providing more space for crop root growth, and improving the soil's ability to store water and fertilizer.

[0023] (6) Reduce nutrient loss: This soil conditioner can improve soil structure and enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients in the soil, such as the loss of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and some trace elements, helping to improve soil fertility and reduce the occurrence of medium and low-yield fields. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The invention provides a soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-30 parts of straw biochar, 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of dolomite, 5-15 parts of kaolinite, 10-15 parts of superphosphate, 5-15 parts of zeolite, 5-10 parts of fulvic acid, 3-8 parts of microbial fertilizer, and 10-20 parts of earthworm manure. More preferably, 20 parts of straw biochar, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 12 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of zeolite, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of microbial fertilizer, and 15 parts of earthworm manure are used.

[0025] In the present invention, the straw biochar is preferably selected from one or more of corn, wheat, rice straw, sorghum, soybean, peanut, rapeseed, and bamboo straw biochar. Straw biochar has a rich pore structure, which can improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil and promote the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms; its surface contains a variety of functional groups, which can adsorb heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in the soil and reduce their harm to crops; it can neutralize soil acidity, increase soil pH, reduce the activity of elements such as aluminum and manganese, thereby reducing toxicity to crop roots; improve soil texture, increase soil porosity, and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer.

[0026] In the present invention, organic fertilizer is preferably selected from organic fertilizer fermented from agricultural waste or organic fertilizer fermented from livestock and poultry manure. It is further preferred that agricultural waste is selected from one or more of crop straw and agricultural product processing waste, and as an implementable method, it is selected from wheat straw, corn straw, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, rice husk, etc.; it is further preferred that livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or more of pig manure, cow manure, and chicken manure. Organic fertilizer is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements, which can provide rich nutrients for the soil, increase soil fertility, and promote the growth and development of crops; it contains a large amount of organic matter, which can improve soil structure, increase soil aggregate structure, and improve soil air permeability and water permeability; the application of organic fertilizer can increase the number and activity of soil microorganisms, promote the circulation and transformation of nutrients in the soil, and improve the self-purification ability of the soil.

[0027] In the present invention, the microbial fertilizer preferably includes one or more of Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus gelatinus, Rhizobium, and Actinomycetes. The above microorganisms can decompose organic matter, release nutrients, promote the transformation and supply of nutrients in the soil, enhance the activity of soil microorganisms, improve the biological properties of the soil, and improve the fertility and sustainability of the soil.

[0028] In addition to straw biochar, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer, in the present invention: dolomite contains elements such as magnesium and calcium, which can neutralize soil acidity, adjust soil pH, and improve soil chemical properties; the released magnesium and calcium elements can be absorbed and utilized by crops, enhancing the stress resistance and quality of crops. Kaolinite has a certain adsorption capacity, which can absorb water and nutrients in the soil and reduce their loss; it has a certain effect on improving soil structure and water retention performance, and helps to improve soil stability. Superphosphate provides phosphorus to the soil, which is an important nutrient necessary for crop growth and can promote the development of crop roots and flower bud differentiation; at the same time, the calcium element in superphosphate also has a certain promoting effect on improving soil structure and crop growth. Zeolite has a unique pore structure and ion exchange performance, which can retain water and fertilizer and reduce nutrient loss; it can absorb harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the soil and improve the ecological environment of the soil. Fulvic acid can regulate soil pH, improve the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops, enhance crop resistance, such as drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, etc., and improve crop yield and quality. Worm manure is rich in organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, which can improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water permeability; it has good water and fertilizer retention capabilities, and can provide a stable growth environment for crops; the beneficial microorganisms in worm manure can also inhibit the growth of pathogens in the soil and reduce the occurrence of crop diseases.

[0029] The components of the present invention work synergistically with each other to jointly improve the soil quality of acidic yellow soil, provide good soil conditions for the growth of crops, effectively improve the acidic yellow soil environment, and increase crop yield and quality.

[0030] The present invention also provides a preparation method, comprising the following steps: selecting plant straw, carbonizing under anaerobic conditions to prepare straw biochar; selecting agricultural waste or livestock and poultry manure, adding a composting agent and fermenting until mature to prepare organic fertilizer; crushing dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite and passing through an 80-100 mesh sieve; and mixing all raw materials in proportion.

[0031] In the present invention, the preferred straw biochar preparation method includes: crushing the plant straw to 1-5 cm, more preferably 3 cm, heating to 400-600°C at a heating rate of 3-10°C / min in an anaerobic environment, more preferably heating to 500°C at a heating rate of 6°C / min, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 1-5h, more preferably carbonizing for 3h, and cooling to room temperature.

[0032] In the present invention, the preferred method for preparing organic fertilizer comprises:

[0033] (1) Fermentation of organic fertilizer from agricultural waste: crush the agricultural waste, adjust the moisture content to 50%-70%, preferably 60%, add straw decomposition agent, compost and ferment for 3-6 months, turn the compost regularly during the period until the material is decomposed, and obtain fermentation organic fertilizer from agricultural waste;

[0034] (2) Fermentation of livestock and poultry manure as organic fertilizer: livestock and poultry manure is collected, the water content is adjusted to 50%-60%, more preferably to 55%, a fermentation agent is added, and fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 50-70°C for 30-60 days, more preferably at a fermentation temperature of 60°C, during which the compost is turned 2-4 times, more preferably 3 times, to obtain fermentation of livestock and poultry manure as organic fertilizer.

[0035] In the present invention, dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite are preferably crushed and passed through a 90-mesh sieve. The present invention has no special restrictions on the sources of dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate, zeolite, fulvic acid, microbial fertilizer and earthworm castings, and they can be directly obtained through market channels.

[0036] The invention also provides application of the soil conditioner in improving acidic yellow soil.

[0037] In the present invention, the preferred application amount of soil conditioner is 1-3 t / hm 2 ; More preferably 2t / hm 2 The soil conditioner is preferably applied 10-15 days before crop sowing or fruit tree budding, and the soil is tilled to 20-30 cm, more preferably 25 cm.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0041] 20 parts of corn straw biochar, 30 parts of agricultural waste fermented organic fertilizer (wheat straw as the main agricultural waste), 10 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 12 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of zeolite, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of microbial fertilizer (containing Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium), and 15 parts of earthworm castings;

[0042] The preparation process is as follows:

[0043] Preparation of straw biochar: corn straw was crushed to 3 cm, heated to 500 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min in an oxygen-deficient environment, pyrolyzed and carbonized for 3 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0044] Preparation of organic fertilizer: Crush the wheat straw, adjust the moisture content to 60%, add straw composting agent, and compost for 4 months, turning the pile every 15 days until the material is decomposed;

[0045] Dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite are crushed and passed through a 90-mesh sieve;

[0046] Put all the above raw materials into a mixer according to proportion and stir at a speed of 200r / min for 45min.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0049] 15 parts each of rice straw and peanut straw biochar, 35 parts of fermented organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure (mainly pig manure), 12 parts of dolomite, 8 parts of kaolinite, 13 parts of superphosphate, 8 parts of zeolite, 7 parts of fulvic acid, 6 parts of microbial fertilizer (containing jelly-like Bacillus and actinomycetes), and 18 parts of earthworm manure;

[0050] The preparation process is as follows:

[0051] Preparation of straw biochar: Rice straw and peanut straw were crushed to 2 cm, heated to 550 °C at a heating rate of 6 °C / min in an oxygen-deficient environment, pyrolyzed and carbonized for 2 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0052] Preparation of organic fertilizer: collect pig manure, adjust the water content to 55%, add fermentation agent, ferment at 60℃ for 45 days, and turn the pile 3 times during the fermentation;

[0053] Dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite were crushed and passed through 85 mesh sieve;

[0054] All the raw materials were mixed in a mixer at a speed of 150 r / min for 50 min.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0057] 8 parts of sorghum, 10 parts of soybean and 12 parts of bamboo straw biochar, 25 parts of organic fertilizer fermented from agricultural waste (cottonseed meal and soybean meal as the main agricultural waste), 6 parts of dolomite, 12 parts of kaolinite, 10 parts of superphosphate, 12 parts of zeolite, 6 parts of fulvic acid, 4 parts of microbial fertilizer (containing Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Actinomycetes), and 16 parts of earthworm manure;

[0058] The preparation process is as follows:

[0059] Preparation of straw biochar: Sorghum, soybean and bamboo straw were crushed to 4 cm, heated to 450 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min in anoxic environment, pyrolyzed and carbonized for 4 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0060] Preparation of organic fertilizer: Crush cottonseed meal and soybean meal, adjust the moisture content to 65%, add straw composting agent, and compost for 5 months, turning the pile every 20 days until the material is decomposed;

[0061] Dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite are crushed and passed through a 95-mesh sieve;

[0062] All the raw materials were mixed in a mixer at a speed of 250 r / min for 35 min.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0065] 14 parts each of wheat and rape straw biochar, 32 parts of organic fertilizer fermented from livestock and poultry manure (mainly cow dung), 9 parts of dolomite, 9 parts of kaolinite, 11 parts of superphosphate, 11 parts of zeolite, 9 parts of fulvic acid, 7 parts of microbial fertilizer (containing Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus gelatinus), and 14 parts of earthworm manure;

[0066] The preparation process is as follows:

[0067] Preparation of straw biochar: Wheat and rape straw were crushed to 3 cm, heated to 520 °C at a heating rate of 7 °C / min in an oxygen-deficient environment, pyrolyzed and carbonized for 2.5 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0068] Preparation of organic fertilizer: collect cow dung, adjust the water content to 52%, add fermentation agent, ferment at 55℃ for 50 days, and turn the pile 3 times during the fermentation;

[0069] Dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0070] All the raw materials were mixed in a mixer at a speed of 180 r / min for 55 min.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0073] Corn, peanut and soybean straw biochar were 9 parts, 10 parts and 11 parts respectively, agricultural waste fermented organic fertilizer (with corn straw and rice husk as the main agricultural waste) was 28 parts, dolomite was 7 parts, kaolinite was 11 parts, superphosphate was 14 parts, zeolite was 9 parts, fulvic acid was 5 parts, microbial fertilizer (containing Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Actinomycetes) was 3 parts, and earthworm castings was 17 parts;

[0074] The preparation process is as follows:

[0075] Preparation of straw biochar: corn, peanut and soybean straw were crushed to 2-3 cm, heated to 580 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min in an oxygen-deficient environment, pyrolyzed and carbonized for 1.5 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0076] Preparation of organic fertilizer: Crush corn stalks and rice husks, adjust the moisture content to 62%, add stalk decomposition agent, and compost for 3.5 months, turning the pile every 18 days until the material is decomposed;

[0077] Dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite were crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve;

[0078] All the raw materials were mixed in a mixer at a speed of 220 r / min for 40 min.

[0079] Example 6

[0080] A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0081] Rice straw, sorghum and bamboo straw biochar were 7 parts, 12 parts and 11 parts respectively, organic fertilizer fermented from livestock and poultry manure (mainly chicken manure) was 38 parts, dolomite was 14 parts, kaolinite was 7 parts, superphosphate was 15 parts, zeolite was 7 parts, fulvic acid was 10 parts, microbial fertilizer (containing Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and actinomycetes) was 8 parts, and earthworm castings was 19 parts;

[0082] The preparation process is as follows:

[0083] Preparation of straw biochar: Rice straw, sorghum and bamboo straw were crushed to 4-5 cm, heated to 560 °C at a heating rate of 9 °C / min in an oxygen-deficient environment, pyrolyzed and carbonized for 3.5 h, and naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0084] Organic fertilizer preparation: collect chicken manure, adjust the water content to 58%, add fermentation agent, ferment at 65℃ for 40 days, and turn the pile twice during the fermentation;

[0085] Dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite are crushed and passed through a 90-mesh sieve;

[0086] All the raw materials were mixed in a mixer at a speed of 280 r / min for 30 min.

[0087] Example 7

[0088] A method for applying a soil conditioner to acidic yellow soil, wherein 2 t / hm2 of the soil conditioner of Example 1 is spread 12 days before crop sowing. 2 , tillage 25cm.

[0089] Example 8

[0090] A method for applying a soil conditioner to acidic yellow soil, wherein 1 t / hm2 of the soil conditioner of Example 3 is spread 10 days before crop sowing. 2 , till the soil to 20cm.

[0091] Example 9

[0092] A method for applying a soil conditioner to acidic yellow soil, wherein 3 t / hm2 of the soil conditioner of Example 6 is spread 15 days before the fruit trees sprout. 2 , till the soil 30cm.

[0093] Example 10

[0094] Corn straw was used as raw material to analyze the effects of carbonization process conditions on the ability of biochar to regulate acidic yellow soil.

[0095] 1. Preparation of Biochar

[0096] The corn stalks were cleaned, dried, and crushed into small pieces of 3-5 cm in length, and then put into a carbonization furnace for carbonization in an oxygen-deficient environment. After carbonization, they were naturally cooled to room temperature. The process conditions were as follows:

[0097] Process (1): heating to 400°C at a heating rate of 3°C / min and pyrolysis carbonization at this temperature for 5 h;

[0098] Process (2): heating to 500 °C at a heating rate of 6 °C / min and pyrolysis carbonization for 3 h;

[0099] Process (3): heating to 600°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min, pyrolysis carbonization for 1 h;

[0100] Process (4): heating to 350°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and pyrolysis carbonization for 6h;

[0101] Process (5): heating to 700°C at a heating rate of 12°C / min and pyrolysis carbonization for 0.5h.

[0102] 2. Soil treatment

[0103] Prepare multiple pots of acidic yellow soil (pH value is about 4.5-5.0), and put the same mass of soil in each pot. Add the biochar prepared by the above different processes into different pots at 5% of the soil mass, mix them well, and set up a blank control group without adding biochar.

[0104] 3. Crop planting and management

[0105] Ten corn seeds were placed in each treated soil pot and cultivated under the same environmental conditions (temperature, light, moisture, etc.), with routine management such as regular watering and weeding.

[0106] 4. Determination of indicators

[0107] (4.1) Determination of physical and chemical properties of biochar

[0108] pH value: A pH meter was used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of biochar;

[0109] Specific surface area: The specific surface area of ​​biochar was measured using a specific surface area analyzer;

[0110] Pore ​​structure: The pore structure characteristics of biochar were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[0111] (4.2) Determination of soil properties

[0112] pH value: The pH value of the soil was measured on the 30th, 60th and 90th day after sowing;

[0113] Nutrient content: Measure the nutrient content of available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, total nitrogen, etc. in the soil on the 90th day after sowing.

[0114] (4.3) Determination of crop growth indicators

[0115] Plant height: The height of maize plants was measured on the 30th, 60th and 90th day after sowing.

[0116] Biomass: The dry weight of above-ground and below-ground parts of the maize plant was measured at harvest.

[0117] 5. Test results

[0118] (5.1) Physicochemical properties of biochar under different carbonization conditions

[0119] As shown in Table 1, the biochars prepared by process groups 1, 2 and 3 showed good comprehensive performance in terms of pH value, specific surface area and pore structure. Among them, the pH value of the biochar prepared by process 2 was 9.2, and the specific surface area was 381.5 m 2 / g, and the pore structure is good.

[0120] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of biochar under different carbonization conditions

[0121]

[0122] (5.2) Effects of different biochars on pH and nutrient content of acidic yellow soil

[0123] As shown in Table 2, the process group has a relatively stable effect on improving the pH value of acidic yellow soil and can also more effectively increase the soil nutrient content.

[0124] Table 2 Effects of different biochars on pH and nutrient content of acidic yellow soil

[0125]

[0126] (5.3) Effects of different biochars on corn growth indicators

[0127] As shown in Table 3, the plant height, aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight of corn in the biochar-added treatment group were better than those in the blank control group (CK). Among them, the corn growth condition of the process 2 treatment group was the best, with a plant height of 82.7 cm, an aboveground dry weight of 135.4 g and an underground dry weight of 35.4 g 90 days after sowing.

[0128] Table 3 Effects of different biochars on corn growth indicators

[0129]

[0130] It can be seen from Tables 1-3 that, from the perspective of the physical and chemical properties of biochar, the biochar prepared by the process group of the present invention exhibits good comprehensive performance in terms of pH value, specific surface area and pore structure. In terms of soil properties, the process group of the present invention has a relatively stable effect on improving the pH value of acidic yellow soil, and can more effectively increase the nutrient content of the soil. From the perspective of crop growth indicators, the plant height and biomass of corn in the soil treated with biochar prepared by the process group of the present invention are better than those of the control process group, which shows that the biochar preparation process of the present invention is more conducive to promoting the growth of crops in acidic yellow soil. In summary, the biochar preparation process of the present invention is superior to other control processes in regulating acidic yellow soil and promoting crop growth.

[0131] Embodiment 11

[0132] Effects of different formulas of soil conditioners on the physical and chemical properties of acidic yellow soil

[0133] 1. Experimental Design

[0134] 1.1 Treatment group settings

[0135] Treatment 1 (complete formula group): Soil conditioner was prepared according to the formula of 20 parts of straw biochar, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 12 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of zeolite, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of microbial fertilizer, and 15 parts of earthworm castings.

[0136] Treatment 2 (no dolomite + kaolinite + zeolite group): 20 parts of straw biochar, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 12 parts of superphosphate, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of microbial fertilizer, and 15 parts of earthworm castings.

[0137] Treatment 3 (no superphosphate group): 20 parts of straw biochar, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 10 parts of zeolite, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of microbial fertilizer, and 15 parts of earthworm castings.

[0138] Treatment 4 (no fulvic acid group): 20 parts of straw biochar, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 12 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of zeolite, 5 parts of microbial fertilizer, and 15 parts of earthworm castings.

[0139] Treatment 5 (no microbial fertilizer group): 20 parts of straw biochar, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 12 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of zeolite, 8 parts of fulvic acid, and 15 parts of earthworm castings.

[0140] Treatment 6 (no earthworm castings group): 20 parts of straw biochar, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 parts of dolomite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 12 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of zeolite, 8 parts of fulvic acid, and 5 parts of microbial fertilizer.

[0141] 1.2 Physical and chemical properties of soil in the experimental site

[0142] It is a typical acidified yellow soil with high soil viscosity and soil bulk density of 1.3g / cm 3 The soil is compact, with poor air and water permeability, pH 4.6, cation exchange capacity 8.2 cmol / kg, active aluminum content 132.0 mg / kg, and organic matter content 12.4 g / kg.

[0143] 1.3 Block group settings

[0144] A randomized block design was used, and three different experimental areas were selected as blocks. Six plots were divided into each block, corresponding to the six treatment groups. Each plot had an area of ​​20 m 2 2t / hm for each plot 2 Sprinkle soil conditioner and till the soil to a depth of 25 cm.

[0145] 2. Measurement indicators and measurement time

[0146] Use a soil drill to take samples. Select 7 points in each plot according to the plum blossom pattern. Drill vertically from each point to get a 0-20cm soil layer. Mix the soil samples from each point evenly, remove gravel, roots and other debris, and form a mixed sample. The weight of the mixed sample is about 1kg.

[0147] Soil pH value (pH meter): measured on the 30th, 60th and 90th day after treatment;

[0148] Active aluminum (acidic ammonium salt exchange-neutralization titration method): the content was measured on the 90th day after treatment;

[0149] Organic carbon (potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method): the content was measured on the 90th day after treatment;

[0150] Exchangeable ions (ammonium acetate exchange method): Exchangeable calcium (Ca 2+ ), exchangeable magnesium (Mg 2+ )content.

[0151] 3. Experimental results

[0152] The results are shown in Table 4. From the perspective of soil pH value, treatment 1 (complete formula group) had a better effect on improving pH value at each time point than other treatment groups, indicating that the lack of dolomite, kaolinite and zeolite (treatment 2), no superphosphate (treatment 3), no fulvic acid (treatment 4), no microbial fertilizer (treatment 5) and no earthworm manure (treatment 6) would have a certain negative impact on the ability to regulate soil pH. In terms of active aluminum, the active aluminum content of the complete formula group was the lowest, and the active aluminum content of other treatment groups increased to varying degrees, indicating that the integrity of the formula was more effective in reducing active aluminum in the soil. In terms of organic carbon content, treatment 1 was the highest, and other treatment groups decreased, indicating that the synergistic effect of the various components in the formula was conducive to increasing the organic carbon content in the soil. For exchangeable ions, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents of the complete formula group were relatively high, indicating that the complete formula was more conducive to maintaining the balance of exchangeable ions in the soil.

[0153] Table 4 Effects of different soil conditioners on the physical and chemical properties of acidic yellow soil

[0154]

[0155] Example 12

[0156] A farmland in Yibin City, Sichuan Province, which has long faced problems such as strong soil acidity, low fertility, and poor permeability, leads to low crop yield. After using the soil conditioner of Example 1 of the present invention, according to the amount of 2 tons per hectare, it was broadcast and ploughed 25cm 12 days before crop sowing. After a planting cycle, the soil pH value was significantly improved, from the original 4.5 to about 5.5, and the soil nutrient content was also significantly increased, and the effective phosphorus, available potassium and total nitrogen content were all improved. At the same time, the growth condition of crops was significantly improved, and the yield was increased by 30.2%.

[0157] Embodiment 13

[0158] In an orchard in Changsha City, Hunan Province, the soil is acidic yellow soil, the soil is heavy and the organic matter content is low, the fruit trees grow slowly, and the fruit quality is poor. After applying the soil conditioner of Example 3 of the present invention, 3 tons per hectare are applied, and the application is carried out 15 days before the fruit trees sprout and the tillage is 30cm. After a period of time, the soil acidity is effectively regulated, the pH value rises to about 5.8, the soil texture becomes loose, and the air permeability and water permeability are significantly improved. The root system of the fruit tree grows more robust, the ability to absorb nutrients is enhanced, the yield and quality of the fruit are significantly improved, the fruit sweetness increases by 10%, and the taste is better.

[0159] Embodiment 14

[0160] A vegetable planting base in Guiyang, Guizhou, has a strong acidic soil, which affects the normal growth and quality of vegetables. Using the soil conditioner of Example 1 of the present invention, 1 ton per hectare is applied, applied 10 days before vegetable sowing and plowed 20cm. After application, the soil pH value stabilized at about 5.6, the nutrient supply in the soil was more balanced, the growth rate of vegetables was accelerated, and the incidence of diseases and insect pests was reduced. At the same time, the yield and quality of vegetables have been improved, the color of vegetables is brighter, the nutritional value is higher, and the market competitiveness is enhanced.

[0161] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner suitable for acidic yellow soil, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following by weight: 10-30 parts of straw biochar, 20-40 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of dolomite, 5-15 parts of kaolinite, 10-15 parts of superphosphate, 5-15 parts of zeolite, 5-15 parts of fulvic acid, 3-8 parts of microbial fertilizer, and 10-20 parts of earthworm manure.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The straw biochar is selected from one or more of corn, wheat, rice straw, sorghum, soybean, peanut, rapeseed, and bamboo straw biochar.

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic fertilizer is selected from organic fertilizer fermented from agricultural waste or organic fertilizer fermented from livestock and poultry manure.

4. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The microbial fertilizer comprises one or more of Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus gelatinus, Rhizobium and Actinomycetes.

5. The method for preparing the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select plant straw and carbonize it under anoxic conditions to prepare straw biochar; Select agricultural waste or livestock and poultry manure, add a composting agent and ferment until it is decomposed to prepare organic fertilizer; crush dolomite, kaolinite, superphosphate and zeolite and pass through an 80-100 mesh sieve; mix all the raw materials in proportion.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The straw biochar preparation method comprises: crushing the plant straw to 1-5 cm, heating to 400-600° C. at a heating rate of 3-10° C. / min in an oxygen-deficient environment, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 1-5 hours, and cooling to room temperature.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer preparation method comprises: Fermentation of organic fertilizer from agricultural waste: crush the agricultural waste, adjust the water content to 50%-70%, add straw composting agent, and compost for 3-6 months, turning the pile regularly during the period until the material is decomposed, and obtain fermentation organic fertilizer from agricultural waste; Fermented organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure: Collect livestock and poultry manure, adjust the water content to 50%-60%, add fermentation compost, ferment at 50-70℃ for 30-60d, turn the pile 2-4 times during the fermentation, and obtain organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure.

8. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving acidic yellow soil.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The application amount of the soil conditioner is 1-3t / hm 2 .

10. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil conditioner is applied 10-15 days before crop sowing or fruit tree budding, and the soil is tilled to 20-30 cm.

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