Multi-crop interplanting method with high land utilization rate

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, and particularly discloses a multi-crop interplanting method with a high land utilization rate. According to the method, a multi-crop interplanting land distribution scheme is designed on the basis of user planting requirements, planting molds are built on land parcels with serious soil problems, and the planting molds are filled with crop growth supporting materials to serve as planting soil; planters can interplant various crops in the planting soil according to a multi-crop interplanting land distribution scheme, crops with serious soil-borne diseases, such as solanaceae or medicinal materials, can be planted on the same land for many years, planting can be carried out in land parcels with serious soil problems, the land utilization efficiency is improved, and the planting cost is reduced. The crop yield per unit land area can be increased in an interplanting mode, land resources are fully utilized, meanwhile, the planting production cost is reduced, and the economic output per unit area is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a multi-crop interplanting method with high land utilization rate. Background Art

[0002] my country's arable land resources are facing multiple challenges. First, suitable land reserves are nearly depleted. Existing arable land continues to shrink under the combined pressures of urbanization and ecological conservation, leaving per capita arable land far below the global average and increasingly limited space for cultivation. Second, rising costs of farming, including fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural machinery fuel, coupled with rising labor costs, are squeezing farmers' incomes from grain production, making extensive farming practices unsustainable. More seriously, soil problems on existing arable land are worsening. Long-term continuous cropping has led to soil compaction and fertility loss, while inappropriate fertilization has caused acidification and salinization. In some areas, heavy metal pollution and residual plastic film have damaged the physical and chemical properties of much arable land, sharply reducing its ability to retain water and fertilizer, and even rendering some plots unsuitable for crop cultivation. These intertwined problems not only threaten the foundation of my country's grain production but also hinder the sustainable development of agriculture. Systematic governance is urgently needed to address this issue, reduce the burden on arable land, improve its quality, and safeguard the lifeline of agricultural production.

[0003] Therefore, in order to make full use of land resources, reduce planting production costs, deal with various soil problems that are not suitable for planting in the original cultivated layer, such as soil salinization, soil compaction, and soil continuous cropping obstacles, and at the same time increase economic output per unit area, it is necessary to design a planting method that can not only make full use of these problem soil plots, but also increase the yield per unit area of ​​land. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-crop intercropping method with high land utilization rate to solve the problem that some existing cultivated land has multiple soil problems, resulting in the cultivated land being no longer suitable for planting crops and causing a significant reduction in crop yields.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A multi-crop intercropping method with high land utilization efficiency, comprising:

[0007] Determine the types of crops to be interplanted and the planting needs of users, and design a multi-crop interplanting land allocation plan based on the growth properties of the crops to be interplanted;

[0008] Select the land to be planted according to the user's planting needs and prepare the land;

[0009] The planting mold is made, the crop growth support material is filled into the planting mold, the middle mold is padded, a plurality of groups of planting molds are arranged in a triangular shape along the length direction, and the slope water is adjusted to 5‰-7‰.

[0010] The planting of the to-be-interplanted crops is arranged in the planting mold;

[0011] Water and fertilizer management and pest control are performed;

[0012] Harvesting is performed.

[0013] Preferably, in the design of the multi-crop interplanting land distribution scheme according to the growth attributes of the to-be-interplanted crops, the multi-crop interplanting land distribution scheme comprises:

[0014] The main crop and the companion crop are determined as the to-be-interplanted crops;

[0015] The growth attributes of the to-be-interplanted crops are determined, including plant height, crown width, light demand, water and fertilizer demand, growth period, root depth, common pests and diseases and mutual growth and restraint relationship, the planting layout of the to-be-interplanted crops is determined, and the planting row ratio, plant spacing and sowing time are determined;

[0016] The water and fertilizer management scheme is determined according to the growth demand of the to-be-interplanted crops;

[0017] The pest control comprehensive prevention scheme is determined according to the growth demand of the to-be-interplanted crops.

[0018] Preferably, the to-be-planted land is selected from a land block that is not suitable for planting in the original soil, the land preparation comprises weeding, impurity removal, flattening and tamping, and the slope of the prepared land is not more than 5°.

[0019] Preferably, the planting mold is made of materials available on site, the width of the planting mold is 30-40 cm, the height of the planting mold is 30-50 cm, the length of the planting mold is shorter than the length of the to-be-planted land, and the planting mold is transversely and longitudinally reinforced at the side edges every 1.2 meters along the length direction.

[0020] Preferably, the crop growth support material comprises substrate, sand, perlite and soil, and the filling depth of the crop growth support material in the planting mold is determined according to the root growth environment requirement, water retention requirement and fertilizer retention requirement of the to-be-interplanted crops.

[0021] Preferably, the water and fertilizer management operation comprises laying two parallel drip tapes in the planting mold.

[0022] Preferably, the water and fertilizer management operation comprises laying a set of drip arrows for each crop in the planting mold.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The application designs a multi-crop interplanting land allocation scheme based on user planting requirements, builds a planting mold on a land plot with serious soil problems, fills the planting mold with crop growth support material as planting soil, and interplants multiple crops in the planting soil according to the multi-crop interplanting land allocation scheme, so that the same land plot can be used to plant crops with serious soil-borne diseases, such as solanaceae or medicinal materials, for many years, the land utilization efficiency can be improved, the crop yield per unit of land area can be improved through interplanting, the land resources can be fully utilized, the planting production cost can be reduced, and the economic output per unit area can be increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Fig. 1 A flowchart of a multi-crop interplanting method with high land utilization efficiency is disclosed.

[0026] Fig. 2 A mold stacking schematic diagram of a multi-crop interplanting method with high land utilization efficiency is disclosed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the application.

[0028] Embodiment:

[0029] Please refer to Figs. 1-2 A multi-crop interplanting method with high land utilization efficiency is shown, which comprises:

[0030] Determine the types of crops to be interplanted and user planting requirements, and design a multi-crop interplanting land allocation scheme according to the growth attributes of the crops to be interplanted.

[0031] Select the land to be planted according to the user planting requirements, and prepare the land;

[0032] Make a planting mold, fill the planting mold with crop growth support material, pad the mold in the middle, arrange multiple groups of planting molds in a pin-shaped manner along the length direction, and adjust the slope water to 5‰-7‰.

[0033] Arrange and plant the crops to be interplanted in the planting mold.

[0034] Water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control.

[0035] Harvest.

[0036] From the above, the application designs a multi-crop interplanting land allocation scheme based on user planting requirements, builds a planting mold on a land block with serious soil problems, fills the planting mold with crop growth support material as planting soil, and interplants multiple crops in the planting soil according to the multi-crop interplanting land allocation scheme, so that the same land can be used to plant crops with serious soil-borne diseases, such as solanaceae or medicinal materials, for many years, the land utilization efficiency can be improved, the crop yield per unit of land area can be improved through interplanting, the land resources can be fully utilized, the planting production cost can be reduced, and the economic output per unit area can be increased.

[0037] The multi-crop interplanting land allocation scheme includes:

[0038] The main crop and the companion crop are determined as the interplanting crops, the growth attributes of the interplanting crops are determined, including plant height, crown width, light demand, water and fertilizer demand, growth period, root depth, common diseases and insect pests, and mutual promotion and restraint relationship, the planting layout of the interplanting crops is determined, the planting row ratio, plant distance and sowing time are determined, the water and fertilizer management scheme is determined according to the growth demand of the interplanting crops, and the comprehensive disease and pest control scheme is determined according to the growth demand of the interplanting crops.

[0039] The core principles of the multi-crop interplanting land allocation scheme include:

[0040] Space complementarity: high and low matching and up and down layering are realized by utilizing vertical space, and staggered planting and reasonable density planning are realized by utilizing horizontal space;

[0041] Time complementarity: fast and slow matching and front and back crop connection are realized by utilizing the difference in growth period and the seasonal change of light and heat demand;

[0042] Functional complementarity: including nutrient complementarity, ecological complementarity and physical support, nutrient complementarity such as legume and non-legume matching, deep root and shallow root matching, ecological complementarity such as pest-repellent plant and susceptible plant matching, beneficial insect-attracting plant, shade-maintaining plant and the like, and physical support such as mixed planting of climbing plants and upright plants to provide support;

[0043] Avoid competition: avoid strong competitive interplanting of crops with high similarity in light, water, nutrient and space demand;

[0044] Disease and pest management: utilize diversity to break single host environment of diseases and pests; utilize mutual promotion and restraint relationship.

[0045] Accordingly, when planting multiple crops in a stereoscopic layered manner, the top layer of crops can be high-stalk, light-loving crops, including corn, sorghum, sunflower, fruit trees, etc., and the middle layer of crops can be medium-height crops, such as short-stalked peppers, short-stalked beans, konjac, and the bottom layer can be lower, shade-tolerant crops, such as certain medicinal materials and mushrooms, and even an underground layer can be considered to be arranged in deep and shallow layers, deep-rooted crops such as fruit trees, and shallow-rooted crops including onions, ginger, and garlic. Through the top, middle, and low ground layering of crops, the space utilization rate of the top of the crops can be improved.

[0046] When matching crops according to light requirements, sun-loving and shade-tolerant plants can be planted together, and high-stalk sun-loving crops can provide shade for low-stalk shade-tolerant crops, such as corn / sunflower + edible fungi, or sun-loving and semi-shade-tolerant crops can be planted together, and crops with slightly poor light tolerance can be planted below high-stalk crops, such as corn + ginger.

[0047] When matching crops according to growth periods, fast-growing leafy vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, spinach, amaranth, and small radishes can be interplanted between rows or plants of slow-growing crops such as melons, eggplants, and cabbages during the early growth period of the slow-growing crops. When the fast-growing vegetables are harvested, the slow-growing vegetables are in the vigorous growth period. The preceding and subsequent crops can also be planted in succession, and the next crop seedlings can be sown or transplanted between the rows or plants of the preceding crops before the preceding crops are harvested, such as corn or soybeans sown or transplanted before wheat is harvested.

[0048] When matching crops according to root distribution, deep-rooted crops and shallow-rooted crops can be mixed and planted, deep-rooted crops absorb deep-layer nutrients and water, and shallow-rooted crops utilize surface resources, such as corn (deep-rooted) and peanut / soybean (shallow-rooted) mixed planting.

[0049] When matching crops according to nutrient coordination and nitrogen fixation utilization, legume crops (soybeans, peas, beans, cowpeas, clover, etc.) can be used as an important component of interplanting to provide nitrogen for the system, and crops with high nitrogen requirements (corn, leafy vegetables, cereals) can be planted adjacent to legume crops (such as corn + soybeans / peanuts).

[0050] When matching crops according to ecological function integration, pest-repellent plants, trap plants, and nectar plants can be mixed and planted with main crops, pest-repellent plants are plants that repel pests, such as marigolds that repel nematodes, nasturtiums that repel aphids, and mint, rosemary, etc., which can be interplanted around or with crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and cabbages that are susceptible to pests. Trap plants are plants preferred by pests, which can attract pests away from main crops, and nectar plants can attract pollinating insects and natural enemy insects through flowering, thereby enhancing the safety factor of the planting site.

[0051] In addition, vine crops and erect crops can be mixed and planted, and erect crops can be used as supports for vine crops.

[0052] The land to be planted is preferably selected from a land block which is not suitable for planting in the original soil, so as to increase the area of the land suitable for planting, and the land preparation includes weeding, impurity removal, leveling and ramming, and the slope of the prepared land is not more than 5°.

[0053] The planting mold is made of materials available on site, and the materials can be waste seedling raising trays, asbestos tiles, fences and the like, the width of the planting mold is 30-40cm, the height is 30-50cm, and the length depends on the length of the land to be planted, in order to avoid collapse of the planting mold due to the soft material, the planting mold is transversely and longitudinally reinforced at the side every 1.2m along the length direction.

[0054] The crop growth supporting material includes substrate, sand, perlite and soil, and the filling depth of the crop growth supporting material in the planting mold depends on the root system growth environment requirement, water retention requirement and fertilizer retention requirement of the crop to be interplanted.

[0055] The water and fertilizer management operation includes laying two parallel drip tapes in the planting mold, or laying a set of drip arrows for each crop in the planting mold.

[0056] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can be direct contact of the first and second features, or indirect contact of the first and second features through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature is "above", "over" and "on" the second feature, which can be directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only means that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature is "below", "under" and "under" the second feature, which can be directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only means that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0057] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the illustrative description of the above terms is not necessarily for the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, the skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present application and the features of the different embodiments or examples without conflict.

[0058] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, only the structures related to the embodiments of the present application are involved, and other structures can be referred to the general design. In the case of no conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A high land use efficiency multi-crop interplanting method, characterized in that, The application relates to a multi-crop interplanting method. The method comprises the following steps: determining the type of the interplanted crops and the planting requirements of a user, and designing a multi-crop interplanting land distribution scheme according to the growth attributes of the interplanted crops; selecting the land to be planted according to the planting requirements of the user, and performing land preparation; manufacturing planting molds, filling the planting molds with crop growth support materials, laying the molds in the middle, and arranging multiple groups of the planting molds in a pin shape along the length direction, with the slope water being adjusted to 5‰-7‰; arranging and planting the interplanted crops in the planting molds; water and fertilizer management and pest control; 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: harvesting. The multi-crop interplanting land distribution scheme comprises the following steps: determining the main crops and the matching crops as the interplanted crops; determining the growth attributes of the interplanted crops, including the plant height, the crown width, the light demand, the water and fertilizer demand, the growth period, the root depth, the common pests and diseases and the mutual growth and restraint relationship, determining the planting layout of the interplanted crops, determining the planting row ratio, the plant distance and the sowing time; determining the water and fertilizer management scheme according to the growth requirements of the interplanted crops; 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crops are grown in the form of a single row of crops in the first crop bed and a double row of crops in the second crop bed. determining the comprehensive pest control scheme according to the growth requirements of the interplanted crops.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high land utilization multiple crop interplanting method is characterized by: The land to be planted is selected from the land blocks which are not suitable for planting, and the land preparation comprises the following steps: weeding, removing impurities, leveling and tamping, and the slope of the prepared land is not more than 5 degrees.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high land utilization multi-crop intercropping method is characterized by: The planting molds are made of materials on site, the width of the planting molds is 30-40 cm, the height is 30-50 cm, the length is shorter than the length of the land to be planted, and the planting molds are transversely and longitudinally reinforced every 1.2 meters along the length direction.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high land utilization multi-crop intercropping method is characterized by: The crop growth support materials comprise substrates, sand, perlite and soil, and the filling depth of the crop growth support materials in the planting molds is determined according to the root growth environment requirements, the water retention requirements and the fertilizer retention requirements of the interplanted crops.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crops are grown in a high land utilization ratio multi-crop interplanting method. The water and fertilizer management operation comprises laying two parallel drip tapes in the planting molds. The water and fertilizer management operation comprises laying a set of drip arrows for each crop in the planting molds.

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