Special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibetan high-altitude area and preparation method of special fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet high-altitude areas, which specifically comprises a matrix, a base fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer, a modifier and a nutritional agent in a mass ratio of 100: 50: 100: 1: 15: 3, the substrate comprises loam, river sand and bentonite; the base fertilizer comprises nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphatic fertilizer and potash fertilizer; the organic fertilizer comprises bran, decomposed straw, decomposed excrement, plant ash and aquatic animal powder; the modifier comprises wormcast, silkworm excrement, perlite and vermiculite; the nutritional agent comprises compound vitamins, glucose, honey and compound amino acids; the raw materials used in the method are green, safe and pollution-free, the soil structure is improved while nutrient substances needed by highland barley growth are provided, the bran, the straw, the decomposed excrement and other agricultural wastes are used, cost is saved, efficiency is improved, and the utilization rate of resources is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of highland barley planting, and in particular to a special fertilizer for highland barley in high altitude areas of Tibet and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Highland barley is an annual herbaceous plant of the Poaceae family and the genus Hordeum. It has three upright, smooth stalks that can reach 100 cm in height. The leaf sheaths are smooth, with two earlobes on both sides, clasping each other. The leaf tongue is membranous and the leaves are slightly rough. The spike inflorescence is yellow-brown or purple-brown when mature. The spikelet glume is linear-lanceolate, covered with short hairs, with a gradually pointed tip and an awn-like shape. The tip of the lemma is extended, with fine prickles on both sides. It is suitable for growing in the cool climate of the plateau. It has strong cold resistance, a short growing period, high yield and early maturity, and wide adaptability. Highland barley is the main food, fuel and livestock feed for residents in Tibetan areas, and is also the raw material for the production of beer, medicine and health products.

[0003] Highland barley has a long history of cultivation, but due to the influence of regional environment, as well as the limitations of traditional farming methods and planting habits, the quality of highland barley varies greatly, and fertilizer plays a vital role in the yield and quality of highland barley during the planting process. For a long time, people generally use equal proportions of chemical fertilizers, urea, decomposed human and animal excrement and other raw materials to topdress highland barley, or simply use compound fertilizers. Long-term fertilization in this way is likely to cause a decrease in soil organic matter content and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio, soil looseness and permeability, and soil physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics. Under the current fertilization model, soil mineral nutrients are consumed in large quantities, resulting in malnutrition in the field and a decrease in fertilization efficiency, which has become a factor limiting the improvement of highland barley quality. Improving the field soil environment and increasing fertilizer utilization are urgent tasks in the process of highland barley cultivation.

[0004] It can be seen that the commonly used chemical fertilizers or compound fertilizers in equal proportions can no longer meet the growth needs of highland barley. Therefore, providing a special fertilizer for highland barley in high-altitude areas has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for highland barley in high altitude areas of Tibet, comprising a matrix, a base fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer, an improver and a nutrient agent, with a mass ratio of 100:50:100:1:15:3;

[0006] The matrix includes loam, river sand and bentonite in a mass ratio of 10:3:3;

[0007] The base fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K=21:15:16;

[0008] The organic fertilizer includes bran, decomposed straw, decomposed feces, plant ash and aquatic animal meal, with a mass ratio of 9:8:8:5:12;

[0009] The improver includes earthworm castings, silkworm excrement, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 25:12:4:3;

[0010] The nutrient comprises complex vitamins, glucose, honey and complex amino acids in a mass ratio of 1:5:5:0.3.

[0011] Preferably, the trace element fertilizer includes zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium silicate and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:0.5:0.1.

[0012] Preferably, the organic matter content in the loam is ≥10%, the pH of the loam is 6.5-7.5, and the mesh size of the river sand is 80-100 meshes.

[0013] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of superphosphate, calcium phosphate and double superphosphate; and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.

[0014] Preferably, the bran is one or more of wheat bran, barley bran, oat bran and highland barley bran.

[0015] Preferably, the decomposed straw is one or more of decomposed wheat straw, decomposed rice straw, decomposed corn straw and decomposed barley straw.

[0016] Preferably, the decomposed manure is one or more of decomposed pig manure, decomposed cow manure and decomposed sheep manure; the aquatic animal meal is one or more of fish meal, shrimp meal and crab meal.

[0017] Preferably, the complex vitamins are vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin E in a mass ratio of 3:6:4:1.

[0018] Preferably, the complex amino acids include one or more of lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and methionine.

[0019] The preparation method of the highland barley fertilizer comprises the following steps: step 1, mixing bran and decomposed straw and crushing the mixture, and then passing the mixture through a 50-70 mesh sieve to obtain straw bran powder;

[0020] Step 2: slaughter the aquatic animals and put them into a dryer, dry them at 70-80°C to constant weight, and then put them into a grinder for crushing. After crushing, pass through a 70-80 mesh sieve to obtain aquatic animal powder;

[0021] Step three, mixing the straw bran powder, aquatic animal powder and other raw materials and putting them into a granulator for granulation to obtain a special fertilizer for highland barley in the high altitude area of ​​Tibet.

[0022] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) Bran is rich in silicon, which can improve the disease resistance of highland barley and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Silica can promote the growth and division of highland barley cells, increase the thickness and hardness of cell walls, and improve the ability of highland barley to resist wind, rain, drought, cold and other environments, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Bran can improve soil structure, which can not only save resources, but also improve production efficiency and the quality of agricultural products.

[0024] Straw can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, maintain soil moisture, reduce soil erosion by rainwater, reduce surface runoff, increase soil water storage, and provide a suitable environment for the growth of highland barley. The wood fiber of the composted straw is converted into simple organic matter, humus and mineral nutrients, thereby significantly increasing the nutrient content of the soil.

[0025] (2) Fish meal contains a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These elements are very important for the growth and development of highland barley. Lack of these elements will affect the normal growth of highland barley. At the same time, these elements in fish meal can also supplement the nutrients in the soil and improve soil fertility. Fish meal also contains some trace elements and growth hormones, which can promote the growth of highland barley leaves, increase leaf area, and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of highland barley. In addition, fish meal is also beneficial to the development of highland barley roots, increasing the contact area between the roots and the soil, thereby promoting the growth of highland barley and increasing yield.

[0026] Shrimp meal is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, minerals, trace elements and other nutrients, which can directly provide nutrients for highland barley, promote its healthy growth and improve its resistance to stress. In addition, shrimp meal can also dissolve pesticide residues and heavy metal residues in the soil, and has the effect of improving soil compaction.

[0027] Crab meal is rich in nutrients such as protein, amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, etc., which can provide comprehensive and balanced nutrition for highland barley, and can also enhance the immunity and stress resistance of highland barley. Crab meal fertilizer can promote the reproduction and function of soil microorganisms, improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water retention, and improve soil fertility.

[0028] (3) Silkworm excrement contains rich nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various trace elements and organic matter, which can provide sufficient nutrition for highland barley, promote the growth and development of highland barley, improve the immunity and disease resistance of highland barley, and reduce the occurrence of diseases; silkworm excrement can improve the aeration, water retention and fertilizer retention of soil, increase the organic matter content of soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve soil quality, and thus improve the quality and yield of highland barley;

[0029] Perlite and vermiculite can loosen the internal structure of the soil, facilitate the normal exchange of water, air and fertilizer, reduce the bulk density of the soil, facilitate the transportation of nutrients by highland barley, maintain the stable structure of the soil and alleviate soil compaction; after mixing with the soil, the porous characteristics of perlite and vermiculite can improve the air permeability, reduce the evaporation of water too fast, and help maintain the moisture and air permeability of the soil. Perlite and vermiculite have many holes and good heat insulation ability, which reduces the damage to the root system of highland barley caused by temperature changes. At the same time, they are stable in nature, non-toxic and harmless, and will not cause harm to plants.

[0030] (4) The raw materials used in the present invention are green, safe and pollution-free. While ensuring the provision of nutrients required for the growth of highland barley, the soil structure is also improved. In addition, the present invention also uses agricultural wastes such as bran, straw and decomposed feces, which saves costs and increases efficiency, thereby improving the utilization rate of resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0032] A local highland barley planting field was selected, and the following embodiments and comparative examples were implemented respectively.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A special fertilizer for highland barley in high altitude areas of Tibet, comprising a matrix, a base fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer, an improver and a nutrient agent, with a mass ratio of 100:50:100:1:15:3;

[0035] The matrix includes loam, river sand and bentonite in a mass ratio of 10:3:3;

[0036] The organic matter content of the loam is ≥10%, the pH of the loam is 6.8, and the mesh number of the river sand is 90 meshes;

[0037] The base fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride, wherein N:P2O5:K=21:15:16;

[0038] The organic fertilizer includes bran, decomposed straw, decomposed feces, plant ash and aquatic animal meal, with a mass ratio of 9:8:8:5:12;

[0039] The bran is wheat bran, barley bran, oat bran and highland barley bran, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1:1;

[0040] The decomposed straw is decomposed wheat straw and decomposed rice straw, with a mass ratio of 1:2;

[0041] The decomposed feces are decomposed pig manure and decomposed cow manure, with a mass ratio of 2:1;

[0042] The aquatic animal meal is fish meal, shrimp meal and crab meal, with a mass ratio of 3:1:1;

[0043] The improver includes earthworm castings, silkworm excrement, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 25:12:4:3;

[0044] The trace element fertilizer includes zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium silicate and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:0.5:0.1;

[0045] The nutrient comprises complex vitamins, glucose, honey and complex amino acids in a mass ratio of 1:5:5:0.3;

[0046] The complex vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin E, with a mass ratio of 3:6:4:1.

[0047] The composite amino acids include lysine, tryptophan and phenylalanine in a mass ratio of 3:1:3;

[0048] The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing bran and decomposed straw, crushing the mixture, and passing the mixture through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain straw bran powder;

[0049] Step 2: slaughter the fish, shrimp and crab, put them into a dryer, dry them at 75°C until constant weight, and then put them into a grinder to grind them. After grinding, pass them through a 75-mesh sieve to obtain aquatic animal powder;

[0050] Step 3, mixing the straw bran powder, aquatic animal powder and other raw materials and putting them into a granulator for granulation to obtain a special fertilizer for highland barley in high altitude areas of Tibet;

[0051] The granulator is a compound fertilizer double-roll granulator produced by Zhengzhou Yuanda Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd., with an equipment output of 2t / h, material moisture of 2-5%, power of 15KW, and a discharge particle size of 3-10mm.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] The difference from Example 1 is that the special fertilizer prepared in this comparative example does not contain a matrix.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] The difference from Example 1 is that the special fertilizer prepared in this comparative example does not contain basal fertilizer.

[0056] Comparative Example 3

[0057] The difference from Example 1 is that the special fertilizer prepared in this comparative example does not contain aquatic animal meal.

[0058] Comparative Example 4

[0059] The difference from Example 1 is that the special fertilizer prepared in this comparative example does not contain an improver.

[0060] Comparative Example 5

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that the special fertilizer prepared in this comparative example does not contain a nutrient agent.

[0062] Test Example 1

[0063] The special fertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were used to fertilize highland barley, and the highland barley planting method referred to "High-yield Planting and Plant Protection and Control Technology of Two Highland Barley Varieties" by Wu Zhihua and Dai Xun; the conventional fertilizers therein were replaced with the special fertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5, respectively, and conventional fertilizers were used as controls, and the highland barley yields were counted respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] Plant height (cm) Stem diameter (cm) Thousand-grain weight (g) Yield (kg / mu) Example 1 114.02 1.37 54.51 317 Comparative Example 1 93.96 1.18 49.50 308 Comparative Example 2 95.32 0.92 50.70 302 Comparative Example 3 91.07 0.99 49.03 285 Comparative Example 4 99.51 1.07 47.52 299 Comparative Example 5 98.64 1.15 48.39 290 Control group 90.12 1.01 45.21 282

[0066] As can be seen from Table 1, the special fertilizer prepared in Example 1 has significantly better highland barley plant height, stem thickness, 1000-grain weight and yield than the control group, and the special fertilizer prepared in Comparative Examples 1-5 has less difference in highland barley plant height, stem thickness, 1000-grain weight and yield than the control group, but after highland barley is harvested, the soil structure and soil fertility of Example 1 are better than those of Comparative Examples 1-5, which are significantly better than those of the control group. It can be seen that the special highland barley fertilizer prepared by the present invention not only meets the needs of highland barley growth, but also avoids soil water and fertilizer loss and soil fertility decline caused by excessive fertilization.

[0067] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas, characterized in that: It includes substrate, base fertilizer, organic fertilizer, trace element fertilizer, improver and nutrient agent, with a mass ratio of 100:50:100:1:15:3; The matrix includes loam, river sand and bentonite in a mass ratio of 10:3:3; The base fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K=21:15:16; The organic fertilizer includes bran, decomposed straw, decomposed feces, plant ash and aquatic animal meal, with a mass ratio of 9:8:8:5:12; The improver includes earthworm castings, silkworm excrement, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 25:12:4:3; The nutrient comprises complex vitamins, glucose, honey and complex amino acids in a mass ratio of 1:5:5:0.

3.

2. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace element fertilizer includes zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium silicate and sodium selenite, and the mass ratio is 5:2:1:0.5:0.

1.

3. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic matter content of the loam is ≥10%, the pH of the loam is 6.5-7.5, and the mesh number of the river sand is 80-100 meshes.

4. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of superphosphate, calcium phosphate and double superphosphate; the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.

5. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bran is one or more of wheat bran, barley bran, oat bran and highland barley bran.

6. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposed straw is one or more of decomposed wheat straw, decomposed rice straw, decomposed corn straw and decomposed highland barley straw.

7. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposed manure is one or more of decomposed pig manure, decomposed cow manure and decomposed sheep manure; the aquatic animal meal is one or more of fish meal, shrimp meal and crab meal.

8. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin E, with a mass ratio of 3:6:4:

1.

9. The special fertilizer for highland barley in Tibet's high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex amino acids include one or more of lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and methionine.

10. The method for preparing the highland barley fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, mixing bran and decomposed straw, crushing the mixture and passing through a 50-70 mesh sieve to obtain straw bran powder; Step 2: slaughter the aquatic animals and put them into a dryer, dry them at 70-80°C to constant weight, and then put them into a grinder for crushing. After crushing, pass through a 70-80 mesh sieve to obtain aquatic animal powder; Step three, mixing the straw bran powder, aquatic animal powder and other raw materials and putting them into a granulator for granulation to obtain a special fertilizer for highland barley in the high altitude area of ​​Tibet.