Method for spirally pruning crisp and honey kumquats

Abstract

A spiral pruning method for crisp and honey kumquats is characterized in that when fruit-bearing branches are hung, branch hanging is carried out step by step from top to bottom in a layered mode, two vertically-adjacent layers of fruit-bearing branches are staggered to form a multi-layer three-dimensional tree crown structure, and after branch hanging work is completed, the whole shape of the hung branches is in a spiral rising shape. Comprising the following steps: (1) erecting a supporting rod; (2) trunk selection and culture; (3) main branch selection and arrangement; (4) selecting, remaining and pruning side branches; (5) branch hanging and the like. According to the spiral pruning method for the crisp and honey kumquats, the layout mode remarkably improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions of tree crowns, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, and uniform distribution and maturity of fruits are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a spiral pruning method for crisp honey kumquat. Background Art

[0002] Traditional branch hanging method: Since the branches of the Crisp Honey Kumquat are relatively soft, the fruits will fall off the tree in the middle and late stages of fruiting. Cloth strips or nylon ropes are needed to hang the branches, but they are usually randomly fixed on the support poles in a disorderly manner. This leads to the following shortcomings: 1. Poor ventilation and light transmission: Due to the large number of main branches and their concentrated distribution, it is easy to cause poor ventilation and light transmission inside the crown, affecting the uniform distribution and ripening of the fruit.

[0003] 2. Pests and diseases are prone to occur: The closed canopy environment is prone to breed pests and diseases, increasing the difficulty of prevention and control.

[0004] 3. Decrease in fruit quality: As the fruit-bearing branches are intertwined, the fruits are unevenly distributed and often bruised, resulting in a decrease in yield and quality.

[0005] 4. Reduced economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for spiral pruning of a crisp honey kumquat. When hanging fruit-bearing branches, the branches are hung in layers from top to bottom, and the upper and lower adjacent layers of fruit-bearing branches are staggered to form a multi-level three-dimensional tree crown structure. After the hanging work is completed, the overall shape of the branches hung is like a spiral rise. The layout mode of the method for spiral pruning of a crisp honey kumquat significantly improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree crown, improves the photosynthesis efficiency, and promotes the uniform distribution and ripening of fruits.

[0007] The technical solution to the above problem is: a method for spiral pruning of crisp honey kumquat, which is to suspend fruit-bearing branches by layering from top to bottom, and stagger the upper and lower adjacent layers of fruit-bearing branches to form a multi-layer three-dimensional crown structure. After the branch suspending work is completed, the overall shape of the branches is like a spiral rise, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) Erecting support poles: When the tree is 1 to 2 years old, erect support poles vertically along the trunk of the tree. (2) Trunk selection and cultivation: In the sapling stage, select an upright trunk as the cultivation object and remove other competing branches; cultivate the trunk to a height of 50 to 70 meters to prepare for the main branch layout; (3) Main branch selection and layout: When the trunk grows to 50-70 cm, the main branches are cultivated. A side branch with a different direction is selected every 20-30 cm upward from the height node H of the trunk as the main branch, so that the main branches form a spiral ascending layout to ensure that the main branches are evenly distributed in the crown; the height h of the height node H ranges from 50 to 70 cm; (4) Selection and pruning of side branches: Select several side branches on each main branch, remove overcrowded, weak, crossed and inward-growing branches through pruning, and retain strong branches growing outward; (5) Hanging branches: Prepare hanging ropes and use the top of the support pole as the hanging point. Select a side branch suitable for fruit bearing and carry out the branch hanging work from top to bottom in layers. The two adjacent layers of fruit bearing side branches are staggered. After the branch hanging work is completed, the overall shape of the branches to be hung is like a spiral rise.

[0008] A further technical solution is as follows: the method of inserting the vertical support rod in step (1) is as follows: the bottom of the rod is inserted 30 to 40 cm underground, and the rod body is exposed 220 cm above the ground.

[0009] A further technical solution is that in step (3), the angle between the two upper and lower adjacent main branches is 90° to 120°.

[0010] Its further technical scheme is: the spacing between the side branches on each main branch is: 10-15 cm.

[0011] Its further technical scheme is: the time of pruning the side branches is winter or spring every year.

[0012] A further technical solution is: the hanging rope is made of a 1 cm wide cloth strip, the cloth strip and the branch are tied with a slipknot, and a gap of one finger width is reserved.

[0013] The further technical solution is: it also includes step (6) crown management: through regular pruning, the openness and ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown are maintained, and the height and diameter of the crown are controlled.

[0014] A further technical solution is: the crown height is maintained at about 2.2 m and is pruned once a year.

[0015] A further technical solution is: the number of the reserved main branches is 3-5, the multiple main branches are evenly distributed on the periphery of the trunk, and the multiple main branches are staggered in sequence along the length direction of the trunk, and the multiple main branches extend in a spiral ascending shape from the height node H of the trunk to the top of the trunk.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the spiral pruning method of the crisp honey kumquat of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. Improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. This method evenly distributes the main branches, side branches and fruit-bearing branches in the crown. Through a spiral layout, the branches of the upper and lower adjacent layers are staggered to form a multi-level three-dimensional structure, ensuring that each branch can get sufficient sunlight and air circulation. This not only improves the efficiency of photosynthesis, but also promotes the uniform distribution and ripening of fruits.

[0017] 2. Reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. This method reduces the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases by improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree crown and reducing the humidity inside the tree crown. This not only reduces the use of pesticides, but also reduces the cost of prevention and control, and improves the safety and quality of the fruit.

[0018] 3. Optimize management and picking. Through the implementation of this technology, the tree structure is clear and the branches are distributed in an orderly manner, which is convenient for management work such as pruning, fertilizing, spraying and picking. This not only reduces labor intensity, but also improves work efficiency and reduces management costs.

[0019] 4. Enhance tree vigor and adaptability. This method promotes balanced growth of the tree, enhances tree vigor, improves the tree's resistance to stress and disease, and ensures long-term stable high yield and high quality. The spiral pruning method is not only suitable for crisp honey kumquats, but can also be extended to other citrus fruit trees, with strong adaptability and universality. This provides an effective pruning technology for fruit farmers in different regions, which helps to improve the overall orchard management level.

[0020] In summary, the spiral pruning method significantly improved the yield and quality of fruit, reduced management costs, and thus improved the economic benefits of the orchard.

[0021] The technical features of the spiral pruning method of the crisp honey kumquat of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main branch layout of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the side branch selection and pruning of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the branch hanging work of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1-main trunk, 2-main branches, 3-side branches, 4-support rods, 5-hanging ropes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] A spiral pruning method for Crisp Honey Kumquat, wherein when suspending fruit-bearing branches, the branches are suspended in layers from top to bottom, and the upper and lower adjacent layers of fruit-bearing branches are staggered to form a multi-layered three-dimensional crown structure. After the branch suspension work is completed, the overall shape of the suspended branches is like a spiral rise. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Erecting support poles: When the tree is 1 to 2 years old, erect support poles 4 vertically along the trunk 1 of the tree; insert the support poles 4 in the following way: the bottom of the pole is inserted 30 to 40 cm underground, and the pole body is 220 cm above the ground. Inserting the support poles when the tree is young will cause less damage to the root system. In order to ensure that the support poles are stable when supporting the fruit on the hanging branches, the bottom of the poles should be inserted at least 30 to 40 cm underground.

[0025] (2) Selection and cultivation of the main trunk 1: In the sapling stage, select a strong and upright main trunk 1 as the cultivation object, and remove other competing branches; cultivate the main trunk to a height of 50 to 70, and prevent the side branches (or fruiting branches) growing from the main trunk from hanging down to the ground, otherwise it is easy to be infected by diseases and insect pests. And prepare for the layout of the main branches.

[0026] (3) Selection and layout of main branch 2: When the trunk 1 (tree body) grows to 50-70 cm, main branch 2 is cultivated (i.e. there is no main branch above 50-70 cm of the trunk). A side branch with a different direction is selected (cultivated) every 20-30 cm upward from the height node H of the trunk as the main branch 2, so that the main branch 2 forms a spiral upward layout (see Figure 1 ), ensure the uniform distribution of main branches in the crown. The height h of the height node H ranges from 50 to 70 cm; the angle between the two adjacent layers of main branches is 90° to 120°. Generally, the number of reserved main branches is 3-5, and multiple main branches are evenly distributed on the periphery of the trunk, and multiple main branches are distributed in sequence along the length direction of the trunk, and multiple main branches extend in a spiral from the height node H of the trunk to the top of the trunk.

[0027] This structure ensures ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the crown, which not only improves the quality and yield of the fruit, but also reduces the occurrence of diseases and pests and reduces prevention and control costs.

[0028] (4) Selection and pruning of side branches 3: Select several side branches 3 on each main branch 2, remove overcrowded, weak, crossed and inward-growing branches through pruning, and retain strong branches growing outward (see Figure 2 ); The spacing between the side branches on each main branch is 10-15 cm. The time for pruning the side branches is winter or spring every year, so that the branches do not block each other and cross each other, ensuring ventilation and light transmission, which is conducive to plant growth.

[0029] (5) Branch hanging: prepare a hanging rope 5, use the top of the support rod 4 as the hanging point, select a side branch 3 suitable for fruit bearing, and carry out the branch hanging work layer by layer from top to bottom. The side branches 3 of the upper and lower adjacent layers of fruit bearing are staggered. After the branch hanging work is completed, the overall shape of the branches to be hung is like a spiral rise (see Figure 3 ). This layout significantly improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree crown, increases the efficiency of photosynthesis, and promotes the uniform distribution and maturity of the fruit. The branches are usually hung once in mid-to-late September when the fruits begin to color and sugar, and can also be hung in combination with shaping as the tree grows. The hanging rope 5 can be made of a 1 cm wide cloth strip, and the binding mouth between the cloth strip and the branch adopts a slipknot, and a finger-wide gap is reserved, with a gap width of 1-2 cm. When the cloth strip is tightly tied to the branch, as the tree grows, the rope will be embedded in the bark, hindering the normal transportation of water and nutrients, causing diseases and physiological pathological branch deformities. Therefore, the binding mouth should not be tied tightly, and a gap should be reserved for the branch growth space to ensure the healthy growth of the branch.

[0030] (6) Crown management: Maintain the openness and ventilation and light transmission of the crown through regular pruning, and control the height and diameter of the crown. The crown height is maintained at about 2.2m and is pruned once a year.

[0031] Application example of the spiral pruning method of Crisp Honey Kumquat: In the orchard of Crispy Kumquat in the Zhisen Fruit Planting Family Farm in Rongshui County, 100 young trees were selected for the spiral pruning method test. The pruning management was carried out according to the above steps and technical parameters. After 2 years of observation, the results showed: 1. The ventilation and light conditions are significantly improved, the fruits are evenly distributed and the maturity is consistent.

[0032] 2. Pesticide use is reduced by 10% and the incidence of pests and diseases is reduced by 15%.

[0033] 3. Fruit yield increased by 10%, commercial fruit rate increased by 10%, and quality improved significantly.

[0034] The spiral branch hanging layout of the present invention: when hanging fruit-bearing branches, the branches are hung in layers from top to bottom, and the upper and lower adjacent layers of fruit-bearing branches are staggered. After the branch hanging work is completed, the overall shape of the branches being hung is like a spiral rise. This layout significantly improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree crown, improves the photosynthesis efficiency, and promotes the uniform distribution and maturity of the fruit.

[0035] The multi-level three-dimensional tree crown structure of the present invention is to select a side branch with different directions as the main branch every 20-30 cm on the trunk to form a spiral ascending layout, ensuring that the main branches are evenly distributed in the tree crown. This structure ensures ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the tree crown, which not only improves the quality and yield of the fruit, but also reduces the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and reduces the cost of prevention and control.

[0036] The method of the present invention is convenient for management and picking: the spiral layout makes the crown structure clear and the branches orderly, which is convenient for management work such as pruning, fertilizing, spraying and picking. This layout method significantly reduces labor intensity, improves work efficiency and reduces management costs.

Claims

1. A method for spiral pruning of crisp honey kumquat, characterized in that: The method is to suspend the fruit-bearing branches in layers from top to bottom, and the upper and lower adjacent layers of fruit-bearing branches are staggered to form a multi-layer three-dimensional tree crown structure. After the branch hanging work is completed, the overall shape of the branches being hung is like a spiral rise. The method includes the following steps: (1) Erecting support poles: When the tree is 1 to 2 years old, erect support poles vertically along the trunk of the tree. (2) Trunk selection and cultivation: In the sapling stage, select an upright trunk as the cultivation object and remove other competing branches; cultivate the trunk to a height of 50 to 70 meters to prepare for the main branch layout; (3) Main branch selection and layout: When the trunk grows to 50-70 cm, the main branches are cultivated. A side branch with a different direction is selected every 20-30 cm upward from the height node H of the trunk as the main branch, so that the main branches form a spiral ascending layout to ensure that the main branches are evenly distributed in the crown; the height h of the height node H ranges from 50 to 70 cm; (4) Selection and pruning of side branches: Select several side branches on each main branch, remove overcrowded, weak, crossed and inward-growing branches through pruning, and retain strong branches growing outward; (5) Hanging branches: Prepare hanging ropes and use the top of the support pole as the hanging point. Select a side branch suitable for fruit bearing and carry out the branch hanging work from top to bottom in layers. The two adjacent layers of fruit bearing side branches are staggered. After the branch hanging work is completed, the overall shape of the branches to be hung is like a spiral rise.

2. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of inserting the vertical support pole in step (1) is as follows: the bottom of the pole is inserted 30 to 40 cm underground, and the pole body is exposed 220 cm above the ground.

3. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the two upper and lower adjacent main branches form an angle of 90° to 120°.

4. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between side branches on each main branch is: 10-15 cm.

5. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time to prune side branches is winter or spring every year.

6. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hanging rope is made of a 1 cm wide cloth strip, and the binding between the cloth strip and the branch is a slipknot, with a gap of one finger width reserved.

7. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes step (6) crown management: maintaining the openness and ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown through regular pruning, and controlling the height and diameter of the crown.

8. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 7, characterized in that: The crown height is maintained at about 2.2 m and is pruned once a year.

9. The method for spiral pruning of Kumquat according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the reserved main branches is 3-5, and the plurality of main branches are evenly distributed on the periphery of the trunk, and the plurality of main branches are staggeredly distributed in sequence along the length direction of the trunk, and the plurality of main branches extend in a spiral upward shape from the height node H of the trunk to the top of the trunk.

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