Method for identifying and screening low-nitrogen-resistant characters of barley and highland barley

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of highland barley breeding, in particular to a barley and highland barley low nitrogen resistance character identification and screening method, which comprises a highland barley seed selection module, a highland barley planting module and a highland barley observation module, the highland barley seed selection module comprises seed strain screening and seed planting pretreatment; the highland barley planting module comprises seed standard group planting and seed comparison group planting, the highland barley observation module comprises plant phenotypic character observation and plant physiological index measurement, and the seed strain screening comprises the steps that improved highland barley low-nitrogen-resistant character varieties serve as a first group to reserve seeds; highland barley varieties with high genetic diversity are used as a second group to retain seeds, the seed planting pretreatment is to screen the highland barley seeds of the first group and the second group, and according to the length and width of the highland barley seeds, the highland barley seeds which are full in grain and are pre-identified by monitoring equipment are selected. Workers do not need to screen the plants one by one in the growth period, and the labor intensity of the workers is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of highland barley breeding, in particular to a method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley. Background Art

[0002] Highland barley and barley are both cereal crops. Highland barley is a type of barley, belonging to the naked-grain type of the subspecies of multi-ridged barley, species of the common barley, genus of the Poaceae family. Highland barley is divided into two types, skinned highland barley and naked highland barley, depending on whether the grains are with skin or not. It is generally planted in local high-altitude and cold areas above 4,500 meters above sea level. As an important food crop, highland barley has a high demand for nitrogen in agricultural production. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will not only lead to a decline in economic benefits, but also cause problems such as environmental pollution. It is of great significance to breed low-nitrogen tolerant highland barley varieties.

[0003] When breeding highland barley with low nitrogen tolerance, it is necessary to screen the highland barley through different identification methods. In the early stage of screening, the external shape of the highland barley can be preliminarily identified, but a large number of highland barley need to be planted during cultivation to increase the effectiveness of the experiment. If the staff are required to identify the external shape of the highland barley one by one, the identification time is increased and the labor intensity of the staff is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for identifying and screening the low nitrogen tolerance of barley and highland barley. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for identifying and screening the low nitrogen tolerance trait of barley and highland barley.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for identifying and screening low-nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley, comprising a highland barley seed selection module, a highland barley planting module and a highland barley observation module.

[0006] Specifically, the highland barley seed selection module includes seed strain screening and seed planting pretreatment; The highland barley planting module includes seed standard group planting and seed comparison group planting; The highland barley observation module includes plant phenotypic trait observation and plant physiological index measurement.

[0007] Specifically, the seed strain screening is to retain the seeds of improved highland barley varieties with low nitrogen tolerance as the first group, and retain the seeds of highland barley varieties with strong genetic diversity as the second group; The seed planting pretreatment is to screen the first group and the second group of highland barley seeds, select highland barley seeds with full grains and relatively large grains according to the length and width of the highland barley seeds, and treat the selected highland barley seeds by drying, soaking and mixing with medicaments.

[0008] Specifically, the seed standard group planting is to plant the first group of highland barley seeds as the standard group in the farmland, and to record the plant growth in real time through monitoring equipment during planting, and to achieve a low nitrogen effect by controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer added during planting; The seed comparison group planting is to divide the second group of highland barley seeds into comparison groups, the comparison groups are a normal nitrogen concentration group and a low nitrogen concentration group, the nitrogen concentration of the normal nitrogen concentration group is a standard amount, and the nitrogen source of the low nitrogen concentration group is reduced to 40%-50% of the soil nitrogen concentration.

[0009] Specifically, the plant phenotypic trait observation includes taking the first group of highland barley plants as the standard, photographing and recording the first group of highland barley plants through a monitoring device, analyzing and recording the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of highland barley plants in the photograph through an analysis device, and simultaneously photographing and recording the normal nitrogen concentration group and the low nitrogen concentration group of the second group through a monitoring device, and analyzing and recording the growth performance and leaf morphology of the second group of highland barley plants in the photograph through an analysis device, comparing the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of highland barley plants as the base group, ensuring the growth of the second group of highland barley plants, pre-screening the second group of low nitrogen concentration group, and selecting the highland barley plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group that meet the growth requirements of the first group of highland barley plants. The plants with the best growth performance are marked as the measurement group, and the plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group that do not meet the growth performance of the first group of highland barley plants are marked as the non-measurement group. If the growth performance of the second group of normal nitrogen concentration group is similar to that of the non-measurement group in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group, the experiment fails and needs to be repeated. The measurement group and the first group are taken out from the soil, and the root length, root weight, root activity, etc. of the measurement group and the first group of highland barley plants are recorded. The dry weight and fresh weight of the roots, stems, leaves, and ears of the measurement group and the first group of highland barley plants are weighed and recorded. The seed yield and seed grain weight of the measurement group and the first group of highland barley plants are weighed and recorded, and the recorded data are compared. The highland barley plants in the measurement group that meet the first group are screened for the second time to form a final group. The plant physiological index determination is to determine the chlorophyll content of the final group by liquid chromatography, and the root samples of the final group are weighed by drying, and the root biomass is evaluated by the root dry weight. The root surface area of ​​the final group is recorded and evaluated before drying. The larger the root absorption area, the stronger the nitrogen absorption capacity. The absorption capacity of the root is evaluated, and the root dry weight and root surface area of ​​the roots of the first group of highland barley plants are recorded. The first group is used as a reference standard to screen the low nitrogen tolerance trait of the final group.

[0010] Specifically, the length of the highland barley seeds is about 8 mm and the width is about 2 mm. The seeds need to be aired in sunny weather for one to two days to ensure that the seeds are fully dried. The seeds are soaked in warm water for 7-8 minutes, then taken out and dried, or the seeds are placed in cold water and soaked for 4-5 hours, and then moved into 50°C warm water and soaked for 5 minutes after soaking, and then taken out and dried to promote seed water absorption and improve germination rate. The dried seeds are placed in 1% concentration of lime water to disinfect the seed epidermis, and the disinfected seeds are poured into a stirring device and 0.30% of chloranil is added for stirring to increase the disease resistance and germination rate of the seeds.

[0011] Specifically, when the highland barley seeds are planted, the distance between the wheat plants is 30 cm. When the highland barley seeds are in the seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizer of the highland barley seeds in the normal nitrogen concentration group is supplemented at a normal amount, and the nitrogen fertilizer of the first group and the low nitrogen concentration group is added at 50% of the normal recommended amount to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings while achieving the low nitrogen effect. In the late growth stage of highland barley, the nitrogen fertilizer of the normal nitrogen concentration group is added at 50% of the normal fertilization amount, and the nitrogen fertilizer of the first group and the low nitrogen concentration group is added at 30% of the normal recommended amount.

[0012] Specifically, the highland barley plants can be cut using sharp knives or scissors, and the cuts are ensured to be clean and neat, and the roots, stems and leaves of the highland barley plants are cut.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The method for identifying and screening the low nitrogen tolerance trait of barley and highland barley of the present invention comprises the following steps: grouping seeds according to needs into a normal group and a low nitrogen group, and planting the grouped seeds in a farmland; monitoring the growth of the seeds by means of monitoring equipment; when the seeds grow into plants, the monitoring equipment monitors and records the morphology of the plants; performing preliminary screening and identification of the morphology of the plants by means of analysis equipment; and performing secondary screening and identification of the screened plants by staff. By pre-identifying the plants by means of the monitoring equipment, it is unnecessary for the staff to screen the plants one by one during the growth period of the plants, thereby reducing the labor intensity of the staff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the process structure of a method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the planting process structure of a method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley provided by the present invention; Figure 3 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the seed planting process structure of a method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0017] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the method for identifying and screening the low nitrogen tolerance trait of barley and highland barley described in the present invention includes a highland barley selection module, a highland barley planting module and a highland barley observation module.

[0018] Wherein, the highland barley seed selection module includes seed strain screening and seed planting pretreatment; The highland barley planting module includes seed standard group planting and seed comparison group planting; The highland barley observation module includes plant phenotypic trait observation and plant physiological index measurement.

[0019] The seed strain screening is to retain the seeds of improved highland barley varieties with low nitrogen tolerance as the first group, and retain the seeds of highland barley varieties with strong genetic diversity as the second group; The seed planting pretreatment is to screen the first group and the second group of highland barley seeds, select highland barley seeds with full grains and relatively large grains according to the length and width of the highland barley seeds, and treat the selected highland barley seeds by drying, soaking and mixing with medicaments.

[0020] The seed standard group planting is to plant the first group of highland barley seeds as the standard group in the farmland, and to record the plant growth in real time through monitoring equipment during planting, and to achieve a low nitrogen effect by controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer added during planting; The seed comparison group planting is to divide the second group of highland barley seeds into comparison groups, the comparison groups are a normal nitrogen concentration group and a low nitrogen concentration group, the nitrogen concentration of the normal nitrogen concentration group is a standard amount, and the nitrogen source of the low nitrogen concentration group is reduced to 40%-50% of the soil nitrogen concentration.

[0021] The plant phenotypic trait observation includes taking the first group of highland barley plants as the standard, taking photos and recording the first group of highland barley plants through monitoring equipment, analyzing and recording the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of highland barley plants in the photos through analysis equipment, and taking photos and recording the normal nitrogen concentration group and the low nitrogen concentration group of the second group through monitoring equipment, and analyzing and recording the growth performance and leaf morphology of the second group of highland barley plants in the photos through analysis equipment, comparing the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of highland barley plants as the basic group, ensuring the growth of the second group of highland barley plants, pre-screening the second group of low nitrogen concentration group, and selecting the growth performance of the first group of highland barley plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group. The plants with good growth performance are marked as the measurement group, and the plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group that do not meet the growth performance of the first group of highland barley plants are marked as the non-measurement group. If the growth performance of the second group of normal nitrogen concentration group is similar to that of the non-measurement group in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group, the experiment fails and needs to be repeated. The measurement group and the first group are taken out from the soil, and the root length, root weight, root activity, etc. of the measurement group and the first group of highland barley plants are recorded, the dry weight and fresh weight of the roots, stems, leaves, and ears of the measurement group and the first group of highland barley plants are weighed and recorded, the seed yield and seed weight of the measurement group and the first group of highland barley plants are weighed and recorded, and the recorded data are compared, and the highland barley plants in the measurement group that meet the first group are screened for the second time to form a final group; The plant physiological index determination is to determine the chlorophyll content of the final group by liquid chromatography, and the root samples of the final group are weighed by drying, and the root biomass is evaluated by the root dry weight. The root surface area of ​​the final group is recorded and evaluated before drying. The larger the root absorption area, the stronger the nitrogen absorption capacity. The absorption capacity of the root is evaluated, and the root dry weight and root surface area of ​​the roots of the first group of highland barley plants are recorded. The first group is used as a reference standard to screen the low nitrogen tolerance trait of the final group.

[0022] The length of the highland barley seeds is about 8 mm and the width is about 2 mm. The drying process needs to be carried out in sunny weather for one to two days to ensure that the seeds are fully dried. The seeds are soaked in warm water for 7-8 minutes, then taken out and dried, or the seeds are placed in cold water and soaked for 4-5 hours, and then moved into 50°C warm water and soaked for 5 minutes after soaking. The seeds are taken out and dried to promote seed water absorption and improve the germination rate. The dried seeds are placed in 1% lime water to disinfect the seed epidermis, and the disinfected seeds are poured into a stirring device and 0.30% of chloranil is added for stirring to increase the disease resistance and germination rate of the seeds.

[0023] Among them, the distance between the wheat plants when the highland barley seeds are planted is 30 cm. When the highland barley seeds are in the seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizer of the highland barley seeds in the normal nitrogen concentration group is supplemented according to the normal amount, and the nitrogen fertilizer of the first group and the low nitrogen concentration group is added according to 50% of the normal recommended amount to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings while achieving the low nitrogen effect. In the late growth stage of highland barley, the nitrogen fertilizer of the normal nitrogen concentration group is added according to 50% of the normal fertilization amount, and the nitrogen fertilizer of the first group and the low nitrogen concentration group is added according to 30% of the normal recommended amount.

[0024] Wherein, the highland barley plants can be cut with sharp knives or scissors, and the incisions can be ensured to be clean and neat, and the roots, stems and leaves of the highland barley plants can be cut.

[0025] The first set of highland barley plant measurement data

[0026] Measurement data of highland barley plants in the normal nitrogen concentration group

[0027] Measurement data of highland barley plants in the low nitrogen concentration group

[0028] When in use, the seeds of highland barley varieties with low nitrogen tolerance are collected as the first group, and the seeds of ordinary highland barley varieties are collected and marked as the second group, and the second group is divided into a normal nitrogen concentration group and a low nitrogen concentration group. When selecting seeds, highland barley seeds with a length of about 8 mm and a width of about 2 mm, full grains, and relatively large grains are selected. The two groups of seeds are placed in sunny weather for drying. The seeds are dried for one to two days according to the weather temperature, and the dried seeds are placed in a warm water soaked with 52-54℃ for 5- 10min, then the soaked highland barley seeds are fished out and placed in sunny weather for further drying, or the seeds are placed in cold water for soaking 4-5 hours, and then moved into 50°C warm water for soaking for 5 minutes after soaking, then the soaked highland barley seeds are fished out and placed in sunny weather for further drying, the soaked seeds are placed in 1% concentration of lime water, the seed epidermis is disinfected, the disinfected seeds are poured into a stirring device and 0.30% of chloranthone is added for stirring, chloranthone can also be replaced with hydroxycarboxin wettable powder, the stirred seeds are planted in farmland, the first group is a low nitrogen control group, and the normal nitrogen concentration group in the second group is a high nitrogen control group, after planting, a monitoring device is set to monitor the plants, when planting, the nitrogen concentration added in the first group is 50%, the nitrogen concentration added in the normal nitrogen concentration group in the second group is 100%, and the nitrogen concentration added in the low nitrogen concentration group in the second group is 50%, after the seeds grow into plants, the monitoring device records the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of plants and the second group of plants, and records The recorded information is transmitted to the analysis equipment. The analysis equipment compares the second group of highland barley plants with the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of highland barley plants as the basic group to ensure the growth of the second group of highland barley plants. The second group of low nitrogen concentration group is pre-screened, and the plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group that meet the growth performance of the first group of highland barley plants are marked as the measurement group, and the plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group that do not meet the growth performance of the first group of highland barley plants are marked as the non-measurement group. If the growth performance of the second group of normal nitrogen concentration group is The performance was similar to that of the non-measured group in the second group with low nitrogen concentration. If the experiment failed, it had to be repeated. The plants in the measurement group and the plants in the first group were taken out from the farmland, and the number and length of roots of the first group of plants and the number and length of roots of the measurement group were measured and recorded. The plants in the first group and the measurement group were cut by cutting equipment, and the chlorophyll content was measured by liquid chromatography. The roots were dried by drying equipment and weighed. The first group was used as a reference standard to screen the low nitrogen tolerance trait of the final group.

[0029] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits in barley and highland barley, characterized in that: It includes highland barley seed selection module, highland barley planting module and highland barley observation module.

2. The method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The highland barley seed selection module includes seed strain screening and seed planting pretreatment; The highland barley planting module includes seed standard group planting and seed comparison group planting; The highland barley observation module includes plant phenotypic trait observation and plant physiological index measurement.

3. The method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed strain screening is to retain the seeds of improved highland barley varieties with low nitrogen tolerance as the first group, and retain the seeds of highland barley varieties with strong genetic diversity as the second group; The seed planting pretreatment is to screen the first group and the second group of highland barley seeds, select highland barley seeds with full grains and relatively large grains according to the length and width of the highland barley seeds, and treat the selected highland barley seeds by drying, soaking and mixing with medicaments.

4. The method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed standard group planting is to plant the first group of highland barley seeds as the standard group in the farmland, and to record the plant growth in real time through monitoring equipment during planting, and to achieve a low nitrogen effect by controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer added during planting; The seed comparison group planting is to divide the second group of highland barley seeds into comparison groups, the comparison groups are a normal nitrogen concentration group and a low nitrogen concentration group, the nitrogen concentration of the normal nitrogen concentration group is a standard amount, and the nitrogen source of the low nitrogen concentration group is reduced to 40%-50% of the soil nitrogen concentration.

5. The method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant phenotypic trait observation includes taking the first group of highland barley plants as the standard, photographing and recording the first group of highland barley plants through a monitoring device, analyzing and recording the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of highland barley plants in the photograph through an analysis device, and simultaneously taking photographs and recording the normal nitrogen concentration group and the low nitrogen concentration group of the second group through a monitoring device, and analyzing and recording the growth performance and leaf morphology of the second group of highland barley plants in the photograph through an analysis device, comparing the second group of highland barley plants with the growth performance and leaf morphology of the first group of highland barley plants as the base group to ensure the growth of the second group of highland barley plants, pre-screening the second group of low nitrogen concentration group, and selecting the highland barley plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group that meet the growth phenotype of the first group of highland barley plants. The plants present are marked as the determination group, and the plants in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group that do not meet the growth performance of the first group of highland barley plants are marked as the non-determination group. If the growth performance of the second group of normal nitrogen concentration group is similar to that of the non-determination group in the second group of low nitrogen concentration group, the experiment fails and needs to be repeated. The determination group and the first group are taken out from the soil, and the root length, root weight, root activity, etc. of the determination group and the first group of highland barley plants are recorded, and the dry weight and fresh weight of the roots, stems, leaves, and ears of the determination group and the first group of highland barley plants are weighed and recorded, and the seed yield and seed grain weight of the determination group and the first group of highland barley plants are weighed and recorded, and the recorded data are compared, and the highland barley plants in the determination group that meet the first group are screened for the second time to form a final group; The plant physiological index determination is to determine the chlorophyll content of the final group by liquid chromatography, and the root samples of the final group are weighed by drying, and the root biomass is evaluated by the root dry weight. The root surface area of ​​the final group is recorded and evaluated before drying. The larger the root absorption area, the stronger the nitrogen absorption capacity. The absorption capacity of the root is evaluated, and the root dry weight and root surface area of ​​the roots of the first group of highland barley plants are recorded. The first group is used as a reference standard to screen the low nitrogen tolerance trait of the final group.

6. The method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the highland barley seeds is about 8 mm and the width is about 2 mm. The seeds need to be air-dried in sunny weather for one to two days to ensure that the seeds are fully dried. The seeds are soaked in warm water for 7-8 minutes, then taken out and dried, or the seeds are placed in cold water and soaked for 4-5 hours, and then moved into 50°C warm water and soaked for 5 minutes after soaking. The seeds are taken out and dried to promote seed water absorption and improve the germination rate. The dried seeds are placed in 1% lime water to disinfect the seed epidermis, and the disinfected seeds are poured into a stirring device and 0.30% of chloranthrin is added for stirring to increase the disease resistance and germination rate of the seeds.

7. The method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the highland barley seeds are planted, the distance between the wheat plants is 30 cm. When the highland barley seeds are in the seedling stage, the nitrogen fertilizer of the highland barley seeds in the normal nitrogen concentration group is supplemented according to the normal amount, and the nitrogen fertilizer of the first group and the low nitrogen concentration group is added according to 50% of the normal recommended amount to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings while achieving the low nitrogen effect. In the late growth stage of highland barley, the nitrogen fertilizer of the normal nitrogen concentration group is added according to 50% of the normal fertilization amount, and the nitrogen fertilizer of the first group and the low nitrogen concentration group is added according to 30% of the normal recommended amount.

8. The method for identifying and screening low nitrogen tolerance traits of barley and highland barley according to claim 5, characterized in that: When cutting the highland barley plants, a sharp knife or scissors can be used to cut them, and the incisions are ensured to be clean and neat, and the roots, stems and leaves of the highland barley plants are cut.

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