Grazing method suitable for cold-season pasture in high and cold pasturing area

Abstract

The invention provides a grazing method suitable for a cold-season pasture in an alpine pasturing area. A grazing method suitable for a cold-season pasture in an alpine pasturing area comprises the following steps that S1, the number of grazing livestock is calculated according to the local pasture yield, the pasture theoretical utilization rate, the daily feed intake, the number of grazing days and the grassland area; s2, the Tibetan sheep are grazed from the end of October every year to the end of March next year, the number of grazing days is adjusted according to the actual yield of pasture, and the actual utilization rate of the pasture is controlled to be 60%; s3, after the Tibetan sheep are grazed, the yaks are grazed from the beginning of April to the end of April, and grazing is finished after the grazing utilization rate is controlled to range from 75% to 80%. The grazing method suitable for the cold-season pasture in the high and cold pasturing area has the advantages that grassland degradation is prevented and controlled, and the grassland can be continuously utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of alpine grassland grazing, and in particular to a grazing method suitable for cold-season pastures in alpine pastoral areas. Background Art

[0002] The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the roof of the world, the water tower of Asia, and the third pole of the earth. It has the world's largest natural alpine grassland ecosystem and is crucial to maintaining the balance of the global ecosystem. Reasonable grazing technology scientifically allocates the idle and utilized time of grassland in time and space, and adjusts the grazing intensity and changes the grazing time according to the actual situation of the grassland, so as to achieve a quantitative balance between the growth of grass and the nutrition of livestock. Generally, when using grassland, it is divided into cold season pasture (winter pasture) and warm season pasture (summer pasture). Since cold season pastures often face a shortage of forage, the management of cold season pastures has attracted much attention.

[0003] At present, under the guidance of government policies, herders divide their own grasslands through fences. Each herder has his own pasture and different livestock grazing techniques. In the cold season pastures of alpine grasslands, the main techniques are yak grazing alone (cattle grazing alone), Tibetan sheep grazing alone (sheep grazing alone) and mixed grazing of yaks and Tibetan sheep (cow-sheep mixed grazing). Due to the different feeding habits of Tibetan sheep and yaks, the selective individual grazing of livestock will lead to excessive grazing of a certain type of pasture in the grassland and insufficient utilization of other grassland resources; in addition, yak feces are large in volume and difficult to decompose or be picked up by humans as fuel. Traditional mixed grazing of cattle and sheep and individual grazing of yaks will cause cattle dung to contaminate pastures and take away grassland plant seeds, reducing grassland utilization efficiency and soil seed bank input. Therefore, the invention is of great significance in preventing and controlling the degradation of cold season pastures in alpine grasslands.

[0004] Reasonable grazing management techniques can increase the richness of grassland resources and the complexity of grassland ecosystems, improve the resistance of grassland ecosystems to adversity, help maintain the stability of grassland plant communities, prevent grassland degradation and improve grassland utilization, and create economic value, ecological service value and ecological benefits.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a grazing method suitable for cold season pastures in high-altitude pastoral areas to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a scientific, reasonable, efficient and sustainable grazing method for utilizing grassland suitable for cold-season pastures in high-cold pasture areas.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a grazing method suitable for alpine pastures, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Calculate the number of grazing livestock based on local grass yield, theoretical grass utilization rate, daily feed intake, grazing days and grassland area;

[0009] S2: Grazing Tibetan sheep from the end of October each year to the end of March of the following year, adjusting the number of grazing days according to the actual forage yield, and controlling the actual forage utilization rate to 60%;

[0010] S3: After the Tibetan sheep grazing is finished, yaks are grazed from early April to late April, and grazing is stopped after the grazing utilization rate is controlled to 75% to 80%.

[0011] Preferably, in S1, the number of grazing livestock is calculated according to the local grass yield, theoretical grass utilization rate, daily feed intake, grazing days and grassland area. The specific formula is as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Daily feed intake (kg) = daily grass requirement (kg) - daily grass supplementation (kg)

[0014] Preferably, in S2 and / or S3, during grazing, if the grass storage capacity of the grassland is insufficient, supplementary feeding is carried out according to the grass demand of the livestock, and the livestock are allowed to drink water freely before and after grazing.

[0015] Preferably, in S2, the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0016] Daily grass consumption (kg) = (grass production (kg) × 60%) / grazing days (days)

[0017] Number of livestock (head / unit) = daily grass consumption (kg) / daily feed intake (kg)

[0018] Preferably, in S3, the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0019] Daily grass consumption (kg) = (grass production (kg) × 80%) / grazing days (days)

[0020] Number of livestock (head / unit) = daily grass consumption (kg) / daily feed intake (kg)

[0021] Compared with the related art, the grazing method suitable for cold season pastures in high-cold pasture areas provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention provides a grazing method suitable for cold-season pastures in alpine pastoral areas. When Tibetan sheep and yaks are grazing alternately, the different feeding structures and habits of cattle and sheep can be utilized to fully utilize pastures of different heights (tall grass, short grass) and different textures (rough, hard, fine and soft) in the pasture, thereby reducing the pollution of grassland by cow dung, ensuring the seed input of the soil seed bank, reducing the influence of litter accumulation on vegetation species in intercepting rain, shading and warming, increasing the grass production, carrying capacity and grassland utilization rate, being beneficial to increasing the weight of livestock and improving the economic benefits of herders. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a grazing method suitable for cold-season pastures in alpine pastoral areas provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 ,in, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a grazing method for cold-season pastures in alpine pastoral areas provided by the present invention. The grazing method for cold-season pastures in alpine pastoral areas includes:

[0026] S1: Calculate the number of grazing livestock based on local grass yield, theoretical grass utilization rate, daily feed intake, grazing days and grassland area;

[0027]

[0028] Daily feed intake (kg) = daily grass requirement (kg) - daily grass supplement (kg).

[0029] S2: Tibetan sheep are grazed from the end of October to the end of March of the following year. The number of grazing days is adjusted according to the actual grass yield, and the actual grass utilization rate is controlled to about 60%. During the grazing period, if the grass storage capacity of the grassland is insufficient, supplementary feeding is carried out according to the grass demand of livestock, and free drinking water is provided before and after grazing.

[0030] (Grass production (kg) × 60%) / grazing days (days) = daily grass consumption (kg)

[0031] Daily grass consumption (kg) / daily feed intake (kg) = number of livestock (pieces / head)

[0032] S3: After the Tibetan sheep are grazed, yaks are grazed from early to late April, and the grazing utilization rate is controlled to 75% to 80% before the grazing ends. During the grazing period, if the grass storage in the grassland is insufficient, supplementary feeding will be carried out according to the grass demand of livestock, and free drinking water will be provided before and after grazing.

[0033] (Grass production (kg) × 80%) / grazing days (days) = daily grass consumption (kg)

[0034] Daily grass consumption (kg) / daily feed intake (kg) = number of livestock (pieces / head)

[0035] Example:

[0036] This example selects the cold season pasture located in Huangcheng Town, Sunan Yugu Autonomous County, Gansu Province (37°99'N, 101°65'E). The area is 2991m above sea level and covers an area of ​​3.92hm 2 , grass production is 11348kg. The grazing livestock are sheep and yaks, and the daily grass requirements are 1.7kg and 5.1kg respectively.

[0037] (1) From October 20, 2023 to March 20, 2024, sheep were grazed on the cold-season pasture selected in this embodiment, with a daily supplementary feeding amount of 0.22 kg and an actual grass utilization rate of 60%. 20 sheep could be grazed for 153 days, and they were allowed to drink water freely before and after grazing.

[0038] (2) After the sheep grazing is completed, yaks are grazed on the cold-season pasture selected in this embodiment from March 21, 2024 to April 30, 2024. The daily supplementary feeding amount of yaks is 1.23 kg, the actual utilization rate of forage is 80%, and 15 yaks can be grazed for 41 days. They are allowed to drink water freely before and after grazing.

[0039] (3) In this embodiment, the actual utilization rate of forage is controlled according to the existing stock of forage in the selected grassland.

[0040] In this embodiment, (1) when the sheep are grazed, the yaks are grazed in a different place or kept in a shed; (2) when the yaks are grazed, the sheep are grazed in a different place or kept in a shed.

[0041] In this embodiment, after the yak grazing is completed, the selected cold-season pasture will enter a grazing rest period from April 31, 2024 to the end of October 2024.

[0042] This is to ensure that the grassland has sufficient time to recover, avoid trampling and damage to the grassland caused by overgrazing, and ensure that livestock have sufficient forage throughout the grazing period, which is conducive to livestock weight gain.

[0043] Reasonable alternating grazing technology of grazing Tibetan sheep first and then yaks (sheep first and then cattle) can make full use of grassland resources with different growth and texture. Compared with the currently used single sheep grazing, single cattle grazing and mixed cattle and sheep grazing, it reduces the pollution of cattle dung to the grassland, ensures the seed retention in the grassland soil seed bank, improves the utilization rate of high-cellulose forage, reduces the impact of litter accumulation on vegetation species in intercepting rain, shading and warming, prevents grassland degradation, and increases grassland production, livestock carrying capacity and grassland utilization rate.

[0044] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grazing method suitable for cold season pastures in high-cold pasture areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Calculate the number of grazing livestock based on local grass yield, theoretical grass utilization rate, daily feed intake, grazing days and grassland area; S2: Grazing Tibetan sheep from the end of October each year to the end of March of the following year, adjusting the number of grazing days according to the actual grass yield, and controlling the actual grass utilization rate to 60%; S3: After the Tibetan sheep grazing is finished, yaks are grazed from early April to late April, and grazing is stopped after the grazing utilization rate is controlled to 75% to 80%.

2. The grazing method suitable for cold season pastures in alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the number of grazing livestock is calculated based on the local grass yield, theoretical grass utilization rate, daily feed intake, grazing days and grassland area. The specific formula is as follows: Daily feed intake = daily grass requirement - daily grass supplementation.

3. The grazing method suitable for cold season pastures in alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2 and / or S3, during the grazing period, if the grass storage capacity of the grassland is insufficient, supplementary feeding is carried out according to the grass demand of the livestock, and the livestock are free to drink water before and after grazing.

4. The grazing method suitable for cold season pastures in alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the specific calculation formula is as follows: Daily grass consumption (kg) = (grass production (kg) × 60%) / grazing days (days) Number of livestock (pieces / head) = daily grass consumption (kg) / daily feed intake (kg).

5. The grazing method suitable for cold season pastures in alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the specific calculation formula is as follows: Daily grass consumption (kg) = (grass production (kg) × 80%) / grazing days (days) Number of livestock (pieces / head) = daily grass consumption (kg) / daily feed intake (kg).

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