Grapholitha crabapple sex attractant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of insect prevention and control, and particularly relates to a grapholitha crabapple sex attractant and a preparation method thereof. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a new choice for preventing and treating the grapholitha crabapple. According to the technical scheme, the grapholitha crabapple sex attractant comprises sex pheromone, a synergist and a solvent, and the ratio of the sex pheromone to the synergist is 100: (10-30); the solvent is at least one of n-heptane, n-hexane, silicone oil and paraffin oil; the sex pheromone comprises acetic acid (Z)-8-dodecene ester (Z8-12: Ac) and acetic acid (E)-8-dodecene ester (E8-12: Ac), and the mass ratio of the acetic acid (Z)-8-dodecene ester to the acetic acid (E)-8-dodecene ester to the acetic acid (E)-8-dodecene ester is (85-90): (15-10); and the synergist is n-tetradecyl acetate (N-14: Ac). The invention provides a brand new sex attractant for the grapholitha crabapple, and the sex attractant can be used for efficiently trapping the grapholitha crabapple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of insect control, and particularly relates to a sex attractant for crab fruit borer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The crab fruit borer belongs to the family of the Lepidoptera, and has only been reported in Japan, South Korea, China, and Russia. The crab fruit borer has been identified as an important pest of apple and plum fruits in Japan, and also causes damage to pear and peach fruits. With the increase in the area of ​​plum orchards in South Korea, the damage caused by the crab fruit borer is also increasing. China first reported the crab fruit borer as a new fruit tree pest in 1979, but because the crab fruit borer and the pear borer are closely related, the interspecific similarity of the COI gene of the two borers is 95.0%~95.6%, and the interspecific similarity of the COII gene is 94.6~95.5%. The external morphology and biological characteristics are very similar to those of the pear borer, and it is difficult to distinguish the two with the naked eye, so the damage caused by the crab fruit borer is mistakenly diagnosed as caused by the pear borer. Japan and South Korea have conducted in-depth research on the crab fruit borer and found that its host selection, egg-laying habits and damage characteristics are somewhat different from those of the pear borer, and it has its own characteristics. There is little research on the biological ecology and disaster mechanism of the crab fruit borer in my country. Due to the high similarity of the external morphology of the two pests and the partial overlap of the occurrence period, the crab fruit borer is monitored and controlled as the pear borer in production. But in fact, the proportion of crab fruit borers attracted by the pear borer sex pheromone is limited, which cannot accurately reflect its actual occurrence dynamics in the field, resulting in monitoring errors of the crab fruit borer and greatly reducing the control effect. The use of sex pheromones to monitor and biologically control agricultural pests is an important means of current green pest control. At present, there is a gap in the sex pheromone attractants of the crab fruit borer in my country, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern agricultural green control of fruit-boring pests in my country's orchards. After years of genetic evolution, there may be genetic differentiation between different geographical populations of the sand apple borer. Developing suitable sex pheromone attractants for domestic populations can accurately identify and differentiate the sand apple borer, which will be conducive to better studying its host range, niche distribution and occurrence patterns, helping to reduce the damage and losses caused by it to fruits such as plums, apples, peaches and pears, and promoting the healthy development of the industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new option for preventing and controlling crab apple borer.

[0004] The technical scheme of the present invention is a sex attractant for crab fruit borer, comprising sex pheromone, synergist and solvent, wherein the mass ratio of solvent to (sex pheromone and synergist) is 1:1; the mass ratio of sex pheromone to synergist is 100:10-30; the solvent is at least one of n-heptane, n-hexane, silicone oil and paraffin oil; the sex pheromone comprises (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12:Ac) and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac), and the mass ratio of the two is 80-95:5-20; the synergist is n-tetradecyl acetate (N-14:Ac) or (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate (Z8-14:Ac).

[0005] Wherein, the mass ratio of the sex pheromone to the synergist is 100:30.

[0006] Furthermore, the mass ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12: Ac) to (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12: Ac) is 85-90:10-15.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12: Ac) to (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12: Ac) is 85:15.

[0008] Preferably, the purity of the sex pheromone is above 90.00%.

[0009] Preferably, the purity of the synergist is above 90.00%.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a sex attractant for crab fruit borer, comprising the following steps: S1, mixing the sex pheromone with a solvent to obtain a sex pheromone solution; S2, mixing the synergist with the solvent to obtain a synergist solution; S3. Mix equal volumes of the sex pheromone solution and the enhancer solution to obtain an attractant.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, the attractant is placed in a releaser carrier.

[0012] Furthermore, the releaser carrier is an ethylene slow-release bag, an ethylene slow-release bottle, an ethylene slow-release tube, an ethylene slow-release bottle, an ethylene slow-release rubber stopper, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release bag, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release bottle, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release tube, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release bottle or a polyvinyl chloride slow-release rubber stopper.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention provides a new sex attractant for the crab apple borer, which can adjust the dosage ratio of the sex pheromone within the specified range of the present invention according to the sensitivity of different geographical populations in China to the sex pheromone of the crab apple borer, so as to achieve the optimal attracting level; the present invention can replace the synergist component to maintain or improve the efficiency of the sex attractant. The present invention can select one of ethylene slow-release bags, polyvinyl chloride slow-release bags, bottles, tubes, bottles and rubber stoppers as a slow-release carrier. The present invention can effectively monitor the occurrence pattern of the crab apple borer in the orchard, clarify its occurrence period, and reflect its occurrence dynamics. The most important thing is that the present invention can be applied to the green prevention and control of fruit-boring pests, improve the green prevention and control effect, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and be environmentally friendly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] All reagents in the following examples were purchased from MacLean Company, and the purity of sex pheromones and enhancers was above 90.00%.

[0015] Example 1 Preparation of the crab fruit borer sex attractant of the present invention (1) Dissolve the sex pheromones of the crab fruit borer (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12: Ac) and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12: Ac) in n-hexane, and mix the sex pheromone and n-hexane at a mass ratio of 1 mg:1 mg to obtain a sex pheromone mixture; (2) Mixing the synergist n-tetradecyl acetate and n-hexane at a mass ratio of 0.3 mg:1 mg to obtain a synergist mixture; (3) Mix equal volumes of the sex pheromone mixture and the synergist mixture to obtain the sand apple borer sex attractant.

[0016] (4) Add the sex attractant prepared by the above preparation method into the carrier of the releaser (ethylene slow-release rubber plug), and after the solvent evaporates, obtain the sex pheromone attractant core of the crab fruit borer.

[0017] Example 2 Field experiment of the sex attractant of crab fruit borer The experimental area is located in Xintan Town, Suijiang County, Yunnan Province (28°36'46″N, 104°8'23″E), which has a long history of plum tree planting. The total area exceeds 100,000 mu, and the experimental orchard area is not less than 2×667m 2 .

[0018] This experiment was repeated 3 times in 8 treatments. The preparation method in the 8 treatments was as shown in Example 1. The dosage was adjusted according to the proportion in Table 1. The treatments are: Treatment 1: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac (85:15); Treatment 2: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac (90:15); Treatment 3: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac (95:5); Treatment 4: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac (80:20); Treatment 5: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac(100:0); Treatment six: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac (0:100); Treatment seven: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac+N-14:Ac (85:15:30); Treatment eight: Z8-12:Ac+E8-12:Ac+ Z8-14:Ac(85∶15∶1).

[0019] Three repetitions were set at 500 m, 700 m, and 900 m altitude zones, with each zone serving as one repetition.

[0020] Installation method of traps: In the middle area of ​​the orchard, randomly select 8 adjacent trees, hang a trap on each tree, and install a sex attractant (prepared according to the patented preparation method) in each trap, numbered 1-8, corresponding to treatments one to eight. The traps are boat-shaped adhesive type, and the adhesive board is white. The traps are uniformly set on the branches on the south side of the crown, with the lower end 1.2-1.5 m from the ground (adjusted according to the branches).

[0021] Trapping and investigation time: The test was carried out twice, at the peak period of dead branches and at the period when the fruit was close to maturity. On the 5th day after the trap was installed, the number of adults trapped by each trap was manually counted and recorded. The results are shown in Table 1. From the data in the table, it can be seen that the sex attractant of the sand apple borer of the present invention was used for field experiments. The trapping effect of the sand apple borer on the sand apple borer in the spring shoot period of the plum orchard was more than 95% (the ratio of the number of trapped target insects to the total number), and the trapping effect of the sand apple borer on the sand apple borer during the fruit harvest period of the plum orchard was more than 98%; the sex attractant can be used for dynamic monitoring and trapping of the sand apple borer in apple orchards, peach orchards, pear orchards, etc. where the sand apple borer occurs, which can achieve the purpose of saving labor, saving labor, being economical and environmentally friendly.

[0022] Table 1 Trapping effect

Claims

1. A sex attractant for crab fruit borer, characterized in that: The invention comprises sex pheromone, synergist and solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the solvent to (sex pheromone and synergist) is 1:1; the mass ratio of the sex pheromone to the synergist is 100:10-30; the solvent is at least one of n-heptane, n-hexane, silicone oil and paraffin oil; the sex pheromone comprises (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12:Ac) and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac), and the mass ratio of the two is 80-95:5-20; the synergist is n-tetradecyl acetate (N-14:Ac) or (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate (Z8-14:Ac).

2. The crab fruit borer sex attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the sex pheromone to the synergist is 100:

30.

3. The crab fruit borer sex attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12: Ac) to (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12: Ac) is 85-90:10-15.

4. The crab fruit borer sex attractant according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12: Ac) to (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12: Ac) is 85:

15.

5. The crab fruit borer sex attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purity of the sex pheromone is above 90.00%.

6. The crab fruit borer sex attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purity of the synergist is above 90.00%.

7. The method for preparing the sex attractant of crab apple borer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, mixing the sex pheromone with a solvent to obtain a sex pheromone solution; S2, mixing the synergist with the solvent to obtain a synergist solution; S3. Mix equal volumes of the sex pheromone solution and the enhancer solution to obtain an attractant.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the attractant is placed in the releaser carrier.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The releaser carrier is an ethylene slow-release bag, an ethylene slow-release bottle, an ethylene slow-release tube, an ethylene slow-release bottle, an ethylene slow-release rubber stopper, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release bag, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release bottle, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release tube, a polyvinyl chloride slow-release bottle or a polyvinyl chloride slow-release rubber stopper.

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