Pig feed based on fermented corn protein powder and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pig feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of pig feeds, the feed is prepared from the following components by weight: 40-55 parts of corn, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-25 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 2-10 parts of peanut meal, 2-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-8 parts of a codonopsis pilosula extract, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of baking soda, and 3-8 parts of a premix. The use effect of the pig feed is remarkably improved through a multi-step biological treatment technology and a scientific proportioning scheme, remarkable effects are achieved in the three aspects of increasing the growth speed of pigs, improving the health state of intestinal tracts and reducing feed waste, and reliable support can be provided for green and healthy breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pig feed, and in particular to a pig feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As one of the most important means of production in the breeding industry, the quality of pig feed directly affects the growth rate, health level and feeding cost of pigs. In compound feed, corn, soybean meal and other plant protein sources are usually used as the main raw materials. Corn is generally used as an energy source, while soybean meal and other plant proteins are used as protein sources to provide essential amino acids for pigs. However, with the expansion of breeding scale and the increase in feed costs, the development of more efficient and economical protein resources has gradually become an important direction of feed research.

[0003] As a by-product of starch processing, corn gluten meal contains rich crude protein (usually around 60%) and excellent amino acids, especially leucine content, and has good nutritional value advantages. However, compared with traditional protein raw materials, corn gluten meal has obvious limitations. The main reason is that the protein in corn gluten meal is mainly alcohol-soluble protein, which is mostly large molecule and dense structure, and is not easily digested and absorbed by monogastric animals (such as pigs). In addition, the content of essential amino acids such as lysine and tryptophan in corn gluten meal is low, which further limits its wide application in pig feed. Therefore, how to deeply process corn gluten meal and improve its protein digestibility and nutritional balance is one of the main technical difficulties in current feed research and development. Existing technologies mostly use physical crushing or chemical hydrolysis pretreatment, but the former only changes the particle size and cannot crack the molecular structure, and the latter is prone to produce toxic by-products due to the use of strong acids and alkalis.

[0004] CN115633732A discloses a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn gluten powder and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared from the following components by mass: 16-20 parts of sheep grass, 10-14 parts of rice straw, 43-53 parts of corn, 10-14 parts of soybean meal, 3.6-5.6 parts of fermented corn gluten powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of salt, 1.1-3.1 parts of baking soda and 1.8-3.8 parts of premix. The fermented corn gluten powder is obtained by mixing and fermenting corn gluten powder with a fermentation agent.

[0005] Although microbial fermentation can degrade protein through enzymes, traditional solid-state fermentation has defects such as low bacterial activity and uneven metabolites, making it difficult to achieve efficient conversion of large molecular proteins. Therefore, developing new corn protein bioconversion technology and breaking through its digestion and absorption barriers has become a key breakthrough in improving feed protein utilization.

[0006] The present invention modifies corn protein powder based on fermentation technology, and converts macromolecular alcohol-soluble proteins into small peptides or soluble proteins that are easily digested and absorbed by pigs through directional enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby solving the problem of low utilization rate of corn protein. At the same time, combined with scientific formula design, the synergistic effect of energy, protein and functional additives is achieved, providing a new idea for the nutritional supply of pig feed. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pig feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof. The special processing technology of fermented corn protein powder is used to convert difficult-to-absorb large molecular proteins into easily digestible small molecular peptide chains, thereby effectively improving protein utilization. The added modified medicinal residues promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria during the feed fermentation stage, and continue to help maintain the growth environment of probiotics after entering the pig intestine, thereby forming a full-process synergistic effect from production to feeding. In combination with Codonopsis pilosula extract, the appetite and digestive function of pigs are regulated, the feed intake is stabilized and nutrient absorption is promoted.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder is prepared from the following components by weight: 40-55 parts of corn, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-25 parts of fermented corn gluten powder, 2-10 parts of peanut meal, 2-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-8 parts of codonopsis pilosula extract, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of baking soda, and 3-8 parts of premix; the fermented corn gluten powder is obtained by mixed fermentation of corn gluten powder, composite bacterial agent, and modified medicinal residues; alcohol extraction of codonopsis pilosula is performed to obtain codonopsis pilosula extract and medicinal residues, and the medicinal residues are modified to obtain modified medicinal residues.

[0009] Preferably, the method for preparing the modified medicinal residue comprises the following steps: (1) adding oleic acid to glacial acetic acid, stirring evenly, slowly dropping hydrogen peroxide, heating to react, cooling, neutralizing, standing and stratifying the product, collecting the organic phase, washing, drying, and rotary evaporating to remove unreacted products, thereby obtaining epoxidized oleic acid; Oleic acid epoxidation modification: The double bond of oleic acid (C=C) undergoes epoxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide in an acidic environment. Glacial acetic acid provides protons to catalyze the formation of peracetic acid intermediates, whose oxygen atoms attack the double bond to form a three-membered oxygen ring structure (epoxy group, -O-). After neutralization, the peroxy acid residue is destroyed, and the final product replaces the original double bond structure with an epoxy group.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the usage ratio of oleic acid, glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide is 100 g: 250-320 mL: 120-160 mL; and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 30 wt%.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the temperature reaction condition is 40-55° C. and the reaction is stirred for 5-8 hours; the product is neutralized with an equal volume of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution; the product is washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate.

[0012] (2) dissolving the epoxidized oleic acid in an ethanol aqueous solution, then adding calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adjusting the pH of the system, stirring the reaction, centrifuging, washing, and drying the product to obtain phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid; Phosphate grafting: The epoxy group undergoes nucleophilic ring opening under alkaline conditions, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate dissociates. As a nucleophile, it attacks the β-carbon of the epoxy ring to form a phosphate bond ( The original epoxy group is converted into a composite functional group covalently linked to a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a phosphate group.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol aqueous solution is 3-4:1; and the dosage ratio of epoxidized oleic acid, ethanol aqueous solution, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate is 100 g: 200-400 mL: 20-45 g.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), 10-20 wt % ammonia water is used to adjust the pH of the system to 8-9; and the stirring reaction conditions are 50-65° C. and the stirring reaction is performed for 5-8 hours.

[0015] (3) Immersing the medicinal residue in a sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonically treating, filtering, neutralizing, washing, and drying to obtain activated medicinal residue; adding the activated medicinal residue and phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid into anhydrous ethanol, adding a phosphoric acid catalyst, reflux reacting under a nitrogen atmosphere, centrifuging the product, eluting the unreacted matter, and drying to obtain modified medicinal residue.

[0016] Surface esterification of drug residues: Pretreatment exposes the cellulose hydroxyl groups (-OH) of drug residues through alkaline hydrolysis, which react with the carboxyl groups (-COOH) of phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid under acid catalysis to form hydrophobic ester bonds (-COO-). The surface hydroxyl groups are replaced by long-chain fatty acid esters to form a stable hydrophobic interface layer.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the dosage ratio of the medicinal residue and the sodium hydroxide solution is 100 g: 400-1000 mL; the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1 mol / L, and the ultrasonic treatment is performed at 45-55° C. for 0.5-1.5 h; and the system is neutralized to pH 7 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the ratio of activated medicinal residue, phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid, anhydrous ethanol and phosphoric acid is 10 g: 12-18 g: 80-150 mL: 1.2-3 g; and the reflux reaction conditions are reflux reaction at 60-75° C. for 12-18 h.

[0019] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented corn gluten powder comprises the following steps: mixing corn gluten powder, composite bacterial agent, modified medicinal residue, and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 100 g: 4-12 g: 1-4 g: 100-200 mL, and anaerobically fermenting at 25-35° C. for 3-9 days to obtain fermented corn gluten powder.

[0020] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent is obtained by mixing 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Lactobacillus, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 100 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 5:1-3:1-3:1.

[0021] Preferably, the preparation method of the Codonopsis pilosula extract comprises the following steps: washing and crushing 10 g of Codonopsis pilosula to 40-80 mesh, adding it to 30-50 mL of ethanol, ultrasonically treating it for 30-60 min, filtering the product to obtain an extract and a medicinal residue, evaporating and concentrating the extract to remove the solvent, and obtaining the Codonopsis pilosula extract.

[0022] Preferably, the premix is ​​made of the following components in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of lysine, 2-6 parts of methionine, 1-5 parts of tryptophan, 1-3 parts of threonine, 1-3 parts of copper sulfate, 3-7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of zinc chloride, 1-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-5 parts of cobalt chloride, 1-5 parts of yeast selenium, 1-3 parts of vitamin A, 1-3 parts of vitamin B, 8-12 parts of vitamin C, 1-5 parts of vitamin D, 8-12 parts of vitamin E, 2-6 parts of folic acid, and 10-20 parts of xuanming powder.

[0023] The present invention also claims a method for preparing the fermented corn gluten meal-based pig feed, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing corn, soybean meal, fermented corn gluten meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, Codonopsis pilosula extract, salt, baking soda, and premix, and crushing to a particle size of ≤2 mm to obtain the fermented corn gluten meal-based pig feed.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention provides a pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder, which achieves dual improvement of nutrition and function through the synergistic effect of multiple components: corn is used as a basic energy source to provide stable energy; soybean meal and peanut meal complement each other to provide high-quality plant protein; fermented corn gluten powder releases easily absorbed small molecule nutrients through biotransformation; rapeseed meal supplements essential amino acids and regulates fiber balance; Codonopsis extract enhances the body's resistance to stress with natural active ingredients; salt and baking soda synergistically optimize electrolyte balance and gastric acid environment; premix supplements core vitamins, minerals and amino acids to form a full-spectrum nutritional support. Each component synergizes and enhances efficiency during digestion, comprehensively improving the growth rate and health level of pigs.

[0025] 2. The present invention provides a method for preparing fermented corn protein powder. Through the synergistic fermentation of the composite microbial agent, the macromolecular substances in the corn protein powder are directed to be enzymatically hydrolyzed and converted to generate a large number of easily absorbable small peptides and soluble proteins. During the fermentation process, the modified drug residues continue to provide nutrients to the bacterial community by virtue of their porous structure, and the surface characteristics promote the improvement of key enzyme activities, effectively increasing the fermentation efficiency of the raw materials. At the same time, the fermentation process can also remove the adverse components in the raw materials, so that the finished product has both high safety and high digestibility, and can quickly release effective nutrients after ingestion by animals, reducing the metabolic burden.

[0026] 3. The present invention provides a Codonopsis pilosula extract, adhering to the conditioning concept of "strengthening the spleen and appetizing, replenishing qi and promoting body fluid" in traditional Chinese medicine. Its core ingredient, Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide, directly increases the pigs' feed intake by activating gastrointestinal peristaltic enzyme activity and enhancing digestive juice secretion; Codonopsis pilosula saponins regulate the appetite control center of the brain to maintain eating regularity. The two can work together to improve the apparent digestibility of crude protein and energy in feed, achieve the dual benefits of "food intake-conversion rate", and reduce feed waste while reducing feed-to-meat ratio.

[0027] 4. The present invention provides a modified medicinal residue, which can not only be used as a medium to enhance the activity of the microbial agent during the fermentation process of corn protein powder, but also can continue its functional characteristics after being ingested by pigs. Its mechanism of action is reflected in the triple compound effect: the retained natural insoluble fiber slowly swells in the intestine to produce a pore structure, providing a proliferation attachment site for probiotics, while stimulating intestinal peristalsis, accelerating the discharge of metabolic waste, and maintaining the dynamic balance of the flora. The surface-grafted oleic acid long chain simulates the hydrophobicity of the intestinal mucosa, forms a physical barrier in the gastric acid environment, and reduces the gastric acid inactivation of probiotics (such as bifidobacteria); after entering the intestine, the hydrophobic effect enhances the adhesion stability of the bacteria to the intestinal wall and prolongs the colonization time. The phosphate group continuously supplies the metabolic needs of probiotics by slowly releasing phosphorus elements, and its negative charge characteristics selectively adsorb beneficial bacteria such as positively charged lactic acid bacteria to form a local high-density microecological area; at the same time, it inhibits the adhesion receptors of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli through competitive binding, and constructs a dual microenvironment of antibacterial and growth-promoting. This material can effectively maintain the balance of intestinal flora and improve the health level of pigs throughout the entire process from feed fermentation to pig digestion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the chemical reagents and materials in the present invention are purchased from commercial sources or synthesized from raw materials purchased from commercial sources.

[0030] Corn gluten meal was purchased from Shandong Xiwang Starch Co., Ltd.

[0031] A method for preparing pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder comprises the following steps: (1) Wash and crush 10 g of Codonopsis pilosula to 40-80 mesh, add it to 30-50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonically treat it for 30-60 min. Filter the product to obtain an extract and a residue. Evaporate and concentrate the extract to remove the solvent to obtain a Codonopsis pilosula extract. (2) Add 100 g of oleic acid to 250-320 mL of glacial acetic acid, stir evenly, slowly dropwise add 120-160 mL of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide, stir and react at 40-55 °C for 5-8 h, cool the product, neutralize with an equal volume of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, stand and separate, collect the organic phase, wash with deionized water until neutral, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and remove unreacted products by rotary evaporation to obtain epoxidized oleic acid; (3) Dissolve 100 g of epoxidized oleic acid in 200-400 mL of ethanol-water solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 3-4:1), then add 20-45 g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adjust the pH of the system to 8-9 with 10-20 wt % ammonia water, stir and react at 50-65 ° C for 5-8 h, centrifuge, wash and dry the product to obtain phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid; (4) Immerse 100 g of the drug residue in 400-1000 mL of 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonically treat at 45-55 °C for 0.5-1.5 h, filter, neutralize the system to pH 7 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, wash and dry to obtain activated drug residue; add 10 g of activated drug residue and 12-18 g of phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid to 80-150 mL of anhydrous ethanol, add 1.2-3 g of phosphoric acid catalyst, reflux for 12-18 h at 60-75 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, centrifuge the product, wash out the unreacted matter, and dry to obtain modified drug residue; (5) Mix corn gluten powder, composite bacterial agent, modified medicinal residue, and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 100 g: 4-12 g: 1-4 g: 100-200 mL, and perform anaerobically fermentation at 25-35° C. for 3-9 days to obtain fermented corn gluten powder; the composite bacterial agent is a mixture of 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Lactobacillus, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 100 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 5:1-3:1-3:1; (6) 2-6 parts of lysine, 2-6 parts of methionine, 1-5 parts of tryptophan, 1-3 parts of threonine, 1-3 parts of copper sulfate, 3-7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of zinc chloride, 1-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-5 parts of cobalt chloride, 1-5 parts of yeast selenium, 1-3 parts of vitamin A, 1-3 parts of vitamin B, 8-12 parts of vitamin C, 1-5 parts of vitamin D, 8-12 parts of vitamin E, 2-6 parts of folic acid, and 10-20 parts of xuanming powder are mixed to obtain a premix; (7) 40-55 parts of corn, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-25 parts of fermented corn gluten meal, 2-10 parts of peanut meal, 2-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-8 parts of Codonopsis pilosula extract, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of baking soda, and 3-8 parts of premix are mixed evenly, and crushed to a particle size of ≤2 mm to obtain the fermented corn gluten meal-based pig feed.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for preparing pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder comprises the following steps: (1) 10 g of Codonopsis pilosula was washed and crushed to 80 mesh, added to 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonically treated for 45 min. The product was filtered to obtain an extract and a residue. The extract was evaporated and concentrated to remove the solvent to obtain a Codonopsis pilosula extract; (2) Add 100 g of oleic acid to 270 mL of glacial acetic acid, stir evenly, slowly dropwise add 150 mL of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide, stir and react at 45 °C for 7 h, cool the product, neutralize with an equal volume of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, stand and separate, collect the organic phase, wash with deionized water until neutral, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and remove the unreacted product by rotary evaporation to obtain epoxidized oleic acid; (3) 100 g of epoxidized oleic acid was dissolved in 250 mL of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 4:1), and then 30 g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate was added. The pH of the system was adjusted to 8.5 with 15 wt % ammonia water. The reaction was stirred at 55 ° C for 7 h. The product was centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid. (4) Immerse 100 g of the drug residue in 600 mL of 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonically treat at 50 ° C for 1 h, filter, neutralize the system pH to 7 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, wash and dry to obtain activated drug residue; add 10 g of activated drug residue and 14 g of phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid to 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol, add 1.8 g of phosphoric acid catalyst, reflux for 14 h at 65 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, centrifuge the product, wash out the unreacted matter, and dry to obtain modified drug residue; (5) corn gluten powder, composite bacterial agent, modified medicinal residue, and deionized water are mixed in a dosage ratio of 100 g: 8 g: 3 g: 150 mL, and anaerobically fermented at 32° C. for 6 days to obtain fermented corn gluten powder; the composite bacterial agent is a mixture of 10 billion live bacteria / kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of lactobacillus, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 100 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 5:2:2:1; (6) 4 g of lysine, 4 g of methionine, 3 g of tryptophan, 2 g of threonine, 2 g of copper sulfate, 5 g of ferrous sulfate, 3 g of zinc chloride, 2 g of manganese sulfate, 3 g of cobalt chloride, 3 g of yeast selenium, 2 g of vitamin A, 2 g of vitamin B, 10 g of vitamin C, 3 g of vitamin D, 10 g of vitamin E, 4 g of folic acid, and 15 g of xuanming powder were mixed to obtain a premix; (7) 450 g of corn, 200 g of soybean meal, 150 g of fermented corn gluten meal, 60 g of peanut meal, 40 g of rapeseed meal, 50 g of Codonopsis pilosula extract, 10 g of salt, 15 g of baking soda, and 50 g of premix are mixed evenly and crushed to a particle size of ≤2 mm to obtain the fermented corn gluten meal-based pig feed.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder comprises the following steps: (1) 10 g of Codonopsis pilosula was washed and crushed to 80 mesh, added to 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonically treated for 45 min. The product was filtered to obtain an extract and a residue. The extract was evaporated and concentrated to remove the solvent to obtain a Codonopsis pilosula extract; (2) Add 100 g of oleic acid to 320 mL of glacial acetic acid, stir evenly, slowly dropwise add 160 mL of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide, stir and react at 55 °C for 5 h, cool the product, neutralize with an equal volume of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, stand and separate, collect the organic phase, wash with deionized water until neutral, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and remove the unreacted product by rotary evaporation to obtain epoxidized oleic acid; (3) Immerse 100 g of the drug residue in 600 mL of 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonically treat at 55 °C for 1.5 h, filter, neutralize the system pH to 7 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, wash and dry to obtain activated drug residue; add 10 g of activated drug residue and 18 g of epoxidized oleic acid to 150 mL of anhydrous ethanol, add 3 g of phosphoric acid catalyst, reflux for 12 h at 75 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, centrifuge the product, wash out the unreacted matter, and dry to obtain modified drug residue; (4) corn gluten powder, composite bacterial agent, modified medicinal residue, and deionized water are mixed in a dosage ratio of 100 g: 8 g: 3 g: 150 mL, and anaerobically fermented at 32° C. for 6 days to obtain fermented corn gluten powder; the composite bacterial agent is a mixture of 10 billion live bacteria / kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of lactobacillus, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 100 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 5:2:2:1; (5) 4 g of lysine, 4 g of methionine, 3 g of tryptophan, 2 g of threonine, 2 g of copper sulfate, 5 g of ferrous sulfate, 3 g of zinc chloride, 2 g of manganese sulfate, 3 g of cobalt chloride, 3 g of yeast selenium, 2 g of vitamin A, 2 g of vitamin B, 10 g of vitamin C, 3 g of vitamin D, 10 g of vitamin E, 4 g of folic acid, and 15 g of xuanming powder were mixed to obtain a premix; (6) 550 g of corn, 300 g of soybean meal, 250 g of fermented corn gluten meal, 100 g of peanut meal, 100 g of rapeseed meal, 80 g of Codonopsis pilosula extract, 20 g of salt, 30 g of baking soda, and 80 g of premix were mixed evenly and crushed to a particle size of ≤2 mm to obtain the fermented corn gluten meal-based pig feed.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 A method for preparing pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder comprises the following steps: (1) 10 g of Codonopsis pilosula was washed and crushed to 80 mesh, added to 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonically treated for 45 min. The product was filtered to obtain an extract and a residue. The extract was evaporated and concentrated to remove the solvent to obtain a Codonopsis pilosula extract; (2) Immerse 100 g of the drug residue in 600 mL of 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonically treat at 55 °C for 1.5 h, filter, neutralize the system to pH 7 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, wash and dry to obtain activated drug residue; (3) corn gluten powder, composite bacterial agent, activated medicinal residue and deionized water are mixed in a dosage ratio of 100 g: 8 g: 3 g: 150 mL, and anaerobically fermented at 32° C. for 6 days to obtain fermented corn gluten powder; the composite bacterial agent is a mixture of 10 billion live bacteria / kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of lactobacillus, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus subtilis and 100 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 5:2:2:1; (4) 4 g of lysine, 4 g of methionine, 3 g of tryptophan, 2 g of threonine, 2 g of copper sulfate, 5 g of ferrous sulfate, 3 g of zinc chloride, 2 g of manganese sulfate, 3 g of cobalt chloride, 3 g of yeast selenium, 2 g of vitamin A, 2 g of vitamin B, 10 g of vitamin C, 3 g of vitamin D, 10 g of vitamin E, 4 g of folic acid, and 15 g of xuanming powder were mixed to obtain a premix; (5) 550 g of corn, 300 g of soybean meal, 250 g of fermented corn gluten meal, 100 g of peanut meal, 100 g of rapeseed meal, 80 g of Codonopsis pilosula extract, 20 g of salt, 30 g of baking soda, and 80 g of premix were mixed evenly and crushed to a particle size of ≤2 mm to obtain the fermented corn gluten meal-based pig feed.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 A method for preparing pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder comprises the following steps: (1) 10 g of Codonopsis pilosula was washed and crushed to 80 mesh, added to 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonically treated for 45 min. The product was filtered to obtain an extract and a residue. The extract was evaporated and concentrated to remove the solvent to obtain a Codonopsis pilosula extract; (2) corn gluten powder, composite bacterial agent, and deionized water are mixed in a dosage ratio of 100 g: 8 g: 150 mL, and anaerobically fermented at 32° C. for 6 days to obtain fermented corn gluten powder; the composite bacterial agent is a mixture of 10 billion live bacteria / kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of lactobacillus, 10 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 100 billion live bacteria / kg of Bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 5:2:2:1; (3) 4 g of lysine, 4 g of methionine, 3 g of tryptophan, 2 g of threonine, 2 g of copper sulfate, 5 g of ferrous sulfate, 3 g of zinc chloride, 2 g of manganese sulfate, 3 g of cobalt chloride, 3 g of yeast selenium, 2 g of vitamin A, 2 g of vitamin B, 10 g of vitamin C, 3 g of vitamin D, 10 g of vitamin E, 4 g of folic acid, and 15 g of xuanming powder were mixed to obtain a premix; (4) 550 g of corn, 300 g of soybean meal, 250 g of fermented corn gluten meal, 100 g of peanut meal, 100 g of rapeseed meal, 80 g of Codonopsis pilosula extract, 20 g of salt, 30 g of baking soda, and 80 g of premix were mixed evenly and crushed to a particle size of ≤2 mm to obtain the fermented corn gluten meal-based pig feed.

[0038] The nutrient content of corn gluten powder in Example 1 before and after fermentation was determined, with reference to GB / T 6432-2018 "Determination of crude protein in feed - Kjeldahl method", GB / T 6433-2006 "Determination of crude fat in feed", GB / T 6434-2022 "Determination of crude fiber content in feed", GB / T 6438-2007 "Determination of crude ash in feed", NY / T 1459-2022 "Determination of acid detergent fiber in feed", DB15 / T 1458-2018 "Determination of pH value, organic acid and ammonia nitrogen in silage", GB / T 6436-2018 "Determination of calcium in feed", GB / T 6437-2018 "Spectrophotometric method for determination of total phosphorus in feed" respectively determines crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium content, phosphorus content, and uses the Folin phenol method to determine soluble protein content. Specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1 Nutritional content of corn protein powder before and after fermentation in Example 1

[0040] The nutritional content of the corn gluten powder of Comparative Example 3 before and after fermentation was measured, and the specific data are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Nutrient content of corn protein powder before and after fermentation in Comparative Example 3

[0042] According to the principle of similar weight, age and sex ratio, Duroc×Dor×Changchun hybrid growing pigs weighing 70±2kg were selected for fattening test, and the pig feeds prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 were fed respectively, with 4 replicates in each group and 5 pigs in each replicate. The same feeding and management methods were used until the pigs were marketed, and their production performance was measured after 56 days of feeding. The specific data are shown in Table 3.

[0043] Table 3 Effects of pig feed on pig growth performance

[0044] One day before the end of feeding, the number of Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the rectum of each pig was measured. The specific data are shown in Table 4.

[0045] Table 4 Effects of feed on some microbial flora in pig rectum (log CUF / g)

[0046] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following components by weight: 40-55 parts of corn, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-25 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 2-10 parts of peanut meal, 2-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-8 parts of codonopsis pilosula extract, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of baking soda and 3-8 parts of premix; the fermented corn protein powder is obtained by mixed fermentation of corn protein powder, composite bacterial agent and modified medicinal residue; alcohol extraction of codonopsis pilosula is performed to obtain codonopsis pilosula extract and medicinal residue, and the medicinal residue is modified to obtain modified medicinal residue.

2. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified medicinal residue comprises the following steps: (1) adding oleic acid to glacial acetic acid, stirring evenly, slowly dropping hydrogen peroxide, heating to react, cooling, neutralizing, standing and stratifying the product, collecting the organic phase, washing, drying, and rotary evaporating to remove unreacted products, thereby obtaining epoxidized oleic acid; (2) dissolving the epoxidized oleic acid in an ethanol aqueous solution, then adding calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adjusting the pH of the system, stirring the reaction, centrifuging, washing, and drying the product to obtain phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid; (3) Immersing the medicinal residue in a sodium hydroxide solution, ultrasonically treating, filtering, neutralizing, washing, and drying to obtain activated medicinal residue; adding the activated medicinal residue and phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid into anhydrous ethanol, adding a phosphoric acid catalyst, reflux reacting under a nitrogen atmosphere, centrifuging the product, eluting the unreacted matter, and drying to obtain modified medicinal residue.

3. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), the dosage ratio of oleic acid, glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide is 100 g: 250-320 mL: 120-160 mL; the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 30 wt %; the temperature reaction condition is 40-55 ° C and stirring reaction is 5-8 hours; the product is neutralized with an equal volume of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution; washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate.

4. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol aqueous solution is 3-4:1; the dosage ratio of epoxidized oleic acid, ethanol aqueous solution and calcium dihydrogen phosphate is 100 g: 200-400 mL: 20-45 g; 10-20 wt % ammonia water is used to adjust the pH of the system to 8-9; and the stirring reaction conditions are 50-65° C. and the stirring reaction is carried out for 5-8 hours.

5. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the dosage ratio of the medicinal residue and the sodium hydroxide solution is 100 g: 400-1000 mL; the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1 mol / L, and the ultrasonic treatment is performed at 45-55° C. for 0.5-1.5 h; and the system is neutralized to pH 7 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid.

6. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the ratio of activated medicinal residue, phosphoric acid-modified oleic acid, anhydrous ethanol and phosphoric acid is 10 g: 12-18 g: 80-150 mL: 1.2-3 g; and the reflux reaction conditions are reflux reaction at 60-75° C. for 12-18 h.

7. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fermented corn gluten powder comprises the following steps: corn gluten powder, a composite bacterial agent, modified medicinal residues and deionized water are mixed in a dosage ratio of 100 g: 4-12 g: 1-4 g: 100-200 mL, and anaerobically fermented at 25-35° C. for 3-9 days to obtain the fermented corn gluten powder; the composite bacterial agent is obtained by mixing saccharomyces cerevisiae with a concentration of 10 billion live bacteria / kg, lactobacillus with a concentration of 10 billion live bacteria / kg, bacillus subtilis with a concentration of 10 billion live bacteria / kg and bacillus licheniformis with a concentration of 100 billion live bacteria / kg in a weight ratio of 5:1-3:1-3:

1.

8. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the Codonopsis pilosula extract comprises the following steps: washing and crushing 10 g of Codonopsis pilosula to 40-80 meshes, adding the mixture into 30-50 mL of ethanol, ultrasonically treating the mixture for 30-60 min, filtering the product to obtain an extract and a medicinal residue, and evaporating and concentrating the extract to remove the solvent to obtain the Codonopsis pilosula extract.

9. The pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix is ​​made of the following components in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of lysine, 2-6 parts of methionine, 1-5 parts of tryptophan, 1-3 parts of threonine, 1-3 parts of copper sulfate, 3-7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of zinc chloride, 1-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-5 parts of cobalt chloride, 1-5 parts of yeast selenium, 1-3 parts of vitamin A, 1-3 parts of vitamin B, 8-12 parts of vitamin C, 1-5 parts of vitamin D, 8-12 parts of vitamin E, 2-6 parts of folic acid, and 10-20 parts of xuanming powder.

10. A method for preparing pig feed based on fermented corn gluten powder according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: evenly mixing corn, soybean meal, fermented corn gluten meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, codonopsis pilosula extract, salt, baking soda and premix, and crushing the mixture to a particle size of ≤2 mm to obtain the pig feed based on fermented corn gluten meal.

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