A pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and specifically relates to a pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles, comprising a lower box body, an upper box body, an air protection component, a spraying component, a puncture component and an ejection component. The present invention provides an oxygen-isolated and low-temperature freezing environment for the waste lithium batteries before, during and after puncture in a sealed box, thereby ensuring that the waste lithium batteries will not spontaneously combust or explode during puncture. Moreover, by opening a side door and coordinating the timely ejection of the ejection component, it can be effectively ensured that the waste lithium batteries can be quickly transferred to a crushing device connected thereto for crushing processing after completing liquid nitrogen cryopuncture, thereby shortening the transportation steps and time, thereby avoiding the risk of electrolyte thawing due to excessive transportation time or spontaneous combustion and explosion due to contact with oxygen during transportation, thereby greatly improving the safety of the puncture treatment of the waste lithium batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular relates to a pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles. Background Art

[0002] When recycling lithium batteries, they usually need to be crushed and then screened to recycle the components. However, since there is still residual electricity in the lithium battery before crushing, direct crushing can easily cause the lithium battery to spontaneously combust or explode. Therefore, the lithium battery needs to be discharged. The method of handling the residual electricity of the lithium battery is mostly to immerse the lithium battery in electrolyte, so that the positive and negative poles of the lithium battery are connected, thereby achieving the purpose of continuous discharge, but the speed is slow; another method is to puncture the lithium battery and then place it in the electrolyte to achieve the purpose of discharge.

[0003] When puncturing lithium batteries, the used lithium batteries must first be placed in a liquid nitrogen environment for deep freezing, and the temperature is usually controlled at minus 35°C to minus 198°C. The low temperature environment of liquid nitrogen rapidly cools the internal materials of the battery, reducing the chemical reaction ability of the active substances. Under low temperature conditions, the battery is punctured by mechanical puncture equipment to force the release of residual power. This process, combined with the inert protection of liquid nitrogen, effectively avoids combustion or explosion caused by short circuits. The discharged battery enters the crushing stage, and the liquid nitrogen environment continues to maintain a low temperature state. The crushed materials are separated into metals (such as copper and aluminum) and electrode powders through magnetic separation, screening and other technologies to achieve full component recovery.

[0004] However, in the actual processing process, the punctured waste lithium batteries cannot be transferred to the crushing equipment for crushing in a short time after the puncture is completed. In addition, the waste lithium batteries must be kept in an oxygen-isolated and continuously frozen environment during the transportation process. The operation through explosion-proof turnover boxes is particularly wasteful and cannot well guarantee the safety of the transportation process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention proposes a pre-processing device for recycling waste lithium batteries from new energy vehicles. This device primarily addresses the problem that existing explosion-proof turnover boxes cannot quickly transfer punctured waste lithium batteries to crushing equipment for crushing.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: the present invention provides a pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles, comprising a lower box body, an upper box body, a gas protection component, a spraying component, a puncture component and an ejection component; the lower box body is a structure with an upper end and a side opening respectively; the upper box body comprises a top plate and a side door panel hinged to the top plate; the top plate and the side door panel are respectively arranged at the upper end and one side of the lower box body; the gas protection component is arranged at the bottom of the lower box body; the gas protection component is used to pass protective gas into the lower box body; the ejection component is arranged at the non-open side of the lower box body; the ejection component is used to eject the punctured lithium battery from the lower box body; the spraying component is arranged below the top plate; the puncture component is arranged above the top plate; the spraying component is used to spray liquid nitrogen into the lower box body; the puncture component is used to puncture the lithium battery placed in the lower box body; the position of the outer side of the lower box body near the side door panel is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment.

[0007] Preferably, the pretreatment equipment also includes a pressure spraying component; the pressure spraying component includes a orifice plate and a high-frequency telescopic unit; a sink groove is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the lower box body; the orifice plate is provided in the sink groove; the lower surface of the orifice plate is connected to the output end of the high-frequency telescopic unit; the shell of the high-frequency telescopic unit is connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the lower box body through a mounting plate; the high-frequency telescopic unit is used to drive the orifice plate to perform high-frequency reciprocating movement.

[0008] Preferably, the area of ​​the spray coverage surface of the orifice plate is larger than the area of ​​the bottom surface of the waste lithium battery; the upper ends of the pores on the orifice plate close to the edge are inclined toward the geometric center of the orifice plate.

[0009] Preferably, the pretreatment equipment further includes a pressing component; the pressing component is arranged below the top plate and connected to the top plate.

[0010] Preferably, the pressing component includes a pressing bar, an elastic member, a sliding bar, an extrusion block, an elastic stretching member, a pull rod and a pull rope; the pressing bar is arranged below the spraying component; the pressing bar is connected to the sliding bar through the elastic member; the sliding bar is slidably connected to the vertical slide groove on the lower surface of the top plate; the upper part of the sliding bar is connected to the extrusion block; the extrusion block is slidably connected to the horizontal slide groove on the top plate; an avoidance groove is provided on the upper surface of the sliding bar; one side of the extrusion block is connected to the closed end of the horizontal slide groove through the elastic stretching member; the other side of the extrusion block is connected to one end of the pull rope through the pull rod; the other end of the pull rope is connected to the side door panel.

[0011] Preferably, the ejection component includes an ejection plate, a guide rod, an elastic telescopic member, a resistance plate, a swinging member, a driving core shaft and a first motor; the ejection plate is provided on the non-opening side of the lower box body; the ejection plate is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod; the guide rod passes through the side wall of the lower box body and is slidably connected to the side wall of the lower box body; the other end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the resistance plate; the elastic telescopic member is provided between the resistance plate and the lower box body; the elastic telescopic member is sleeved on the guide rod; the lower side of the resistance plate is rotatably connected to the driving core shaft through a rotating seat; one end of the swinging member is fixedly connected to the driving core shaft; one end of the driving core shaft is connected to the output shaft of the first motor; the first motor is fixedly connected to the side wall of the lower box body.

[0012] Preferably, the puncture component includes a puncture needle, a hydraulic cylinder and a solenoid valve; the puncture needle passes through the top plate; the puncture needle is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the top plate through a mounting bracket; the solenoid valve is used to control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, the upper box body also includes a door drive mechanism; the door drive mechanism includes a second motor, a drive gear and a swing gear; the hinged shaft end of the side door panel is connected to the swing gear; the swing gear is meshed with the drive gear for transmission; the drive gear is connected to the output shaft of the second motor; the second motor is fixedly connected to the top plate.

[0014] Preferably, the pretreatment equipment is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment via a telescopic channel; an air protection device is provided in the telescopic channel.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. In the process of sealing the upper box and the lower box, the controller controls the gas protection component through electrical signals to introduce protective gas nitrogen or argon into the lower box, thereby isolating the waste lithium battery from oxygen during puncture, and preventing the electrolyte from leaking and spontaneously combusting when encountering air; after the upper box and the lower box are completely sealed, the controller controls the spray component through electrical signals to spray liquid nitrogen on the waste lithium battery in the lower box, thereby solidifying the electrolyte into a solid state, thereby inhibiting the volatilization of the electrolyte and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion; after the liquid nitrogen is frozen, the controller controls the spray component to spray liquid nitrogen on the waste lithium battery in the lower box, thereby solidifying the electrolyte into a solid state, thereby inhibiting the volatilization of the electrolyte and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion; after the liquid nitrogen is frozen, the controller controls the spray component to spray liquid nitrogen on the waste lithium battery in the lower box, thereby solidifying the electrolyte into a solid state, thereby inhibiting the volatilization of the electrolyte and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion The controller immediately controls the puncture needle of the puncture component through an electrical signal to insert into the lower box to puncture the used lithium battery. After the puncture component completes the puncture, the controller immediately controls the door drive mechanism of the upper box through an electrical signal to rotate the side door panel around the hinge point. After the side door panel is fully opened, the controller controls the ejection component through an electrical signal to eject the used lithium battery in the lower box into the subsequent crushing equipment for low-temperature freezing and crushing. The process of ejecting the used lithium battery into the subsequent crushing equipment does not exceed 10 seconds, and oxygen needs to be isolated during the process. This solution provides an oxygen-isolated and low-temperature freezing environment for waste lithium batteries in a sealed box before, during and after puncture, thereby ensuring that waste lithium batteries will not spontaneously combust or explode during puncture, and preventing the leakage of exhaust gas and volatile electrolyte gas during the puncture process, thereby protecting the environment and the safety of workers; and through the side opening method combined with the timely ejection of the ejection component, it can effectively ensure that the waste lithium batteries can be quickly transferred to the connected crushing equipment for crushing processing after completing liquid nitrogen freeze puncture, thereby shortening the transportation steps and time, and avoiding the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion due to electrolyte thawing due to long transportation time or contact with oxygen during transportation, thereby greatly improving the safety of waste lithium battery puncture processing.

[0017] 2. In the present invention, a perforated plate and a high-frequency telescopic unit are arranged below each puncture station. When the spraying component sprays liquid nitrogen onto the waste lithium battery, the controller controls the high-frequency telescopic unit through an electrical signal to drive the perforated plate to perform high-frequency and short-distance reciprocating movement. Since the liquid nitrogen sprayed on the surface of the waste lithium battery will flow down along the surface of the lithium battery and then flow into the trough below, the perforated plate squeezes the liquid nitrogen in the trough when moving downward rapidly, and the liquid nitrogen is sprayed upward from the fine holes on the perforated plate and then sprayed onto the surface of the bottom area where the waste lithium battery is placed above, thereby compensating for the defect that the upper spraying component cannot spray the bottom area of ​​the waste lithium battery, thereby improving the liquid nitrogen freezing efficiency of the waste lithium battery, and at the same time ensuring that the electrolyte inside the waste lithium battery can be completely frozen, thereby ensuring the safety during the subsequent puncture treatment.

[0018] 3. In the present invention, when the puncture process of the waste lithium battery is completed, the controller controls the door drive mechanism of the upper box body through an electrical signal to rotate the side door panel around the hinge point, and then drives the pull rope to wrap around the side door panel during the opening process of the side door panel, and then drives the extrusion block to move horizontally through the pull rod, and then when the side door panel is close to being fully opened, the extrusion block moves to the position of the avoidance groove on the sliding bar, so that the extrusion block can no longer restrict the sliding bar, thereby allowing the sliding bar to slide up and down, that is, the pressing bar under the sliding bar no longer presses the waste lithium battery, and thus it is more convenient for the ejection component to eject the punctured waste lithium battery from one side of the side door panel; after the waste lithium battery is ejected, the controller controls the side door panel to close, and then under the action of the rebound tension of the elastic tensile member, the extrusion block is pulled to contact the upper surface of the sliding block again, so that the pressing bar resumes the pressing effect. This solution connects the state conversion of the clamping component with the opening and closing of the side door panel, so that after the side door panel is opened, the clamping component is driven to release the lithium battery, so that the punctured waste lithium battery can be ejected by the ejection component without compression resistance, thereby ensuring stable and smooth ejection; and this process does not require complex control to implement, further ensuring the stability of equipment operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pretreatment equipment of the present invention from a first perspective;

[0021] Figure 2 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pretreatment equipment of the present invention from a second viewing angle;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the orifice plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the high-frequency telescopic unit of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the medium-pressure spray component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ejection component in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spraying component in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the sliding bar in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the pressing component in the present invention when the side door panel is closed;

[0029] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the pressing component in the present invention when the side door panel is open;

[0030] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the pretreatment equipment of the present invention and the subsequent crushing equipment;

[0031] In the figure: lower box body 1, sink trough 11, upper box body 2, top plate 21, side door plate 22, door drive mechanism 23, second motor 231, drive gear 232, swing gear 233, air protection component 3, spray component 4, puncture component 5, puncture needle 51, hydraulic cylinder 52, ejection component 6, ejection plate 61, guide rod 62, elastic telescopic member 63, resistance plate 64, swing member 65, drive core shaft 66, first motor 67, pressure spray component 7, orifice plate 71, high-frequency telescopic unit 72, pressing component 8, pressing strip 81, elastic member 82, sliding bar 83, extrusion block 84, elastic stretching member 85, pull rod 86, pull rope 87, telescopic channel 9.

[0032] Specific implementation method

[0033] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles includes a lower box body 1, an upper box body 2, a gas protection component 3, a spraying component 4, a puncture component 5 and an ejection component 6; the lower box body 1 is a structure with an upper end and a side opening respectively; the upper box body 2 includes a top plate 21 and a side door plate 22 hinged to the top plate 21; the top plate 21 and the side door plate 22 are respectively arranged at the upper end and one side of the lower box body 1; the gas protection component 3 is arranged at the bottom of the lower box body 1; the gas protection component 3 is used to spray the lower box body 1 The protective gas is introduced into the lower box body 1; the ejection component 6 is provided on the non-open side of the lower box body 1; the ejection component 6 is used to push the punctured lithium battery out of the lower box body 1; the spraying component 4 is provided below the top plate 21; the puncture component 5 is provided above the top plate 21; the spraying component 4 is used to spray liquid nitrogen into the lower box body 1; the puncture component 5 is used to puncture the lithium battery placed in the lower box body 1; the outer side of the lower box body 1 near the side door panel 22 is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment.

[0035] During operation, the controller controls the lifting device to lift the upper box body 2 through electric signals, and then controls the robot to place the waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles after removing the plastic packaging or metal shell on the puncture station on the lower box body 1 through electric signals. There are multiple groups of puncture stations in the lower box body 1, and each puncture station has a gas protection component 3, a spray component, a puncture component 5 and an ejection component 6. After the waste lithium batteries are placed, the controller controls the lifting device to place the upper box body 2 on the lower box body 1, and then the top plate 21 seals the upper end of the lower box body 1, and the side door panel 22 seals the side of the lower box body 1; during the sealing process, the controller controls the gas protection component 3 through electric signals to introduce protective gas nitrogen or argon into the lower box body 1, so that the waste lithium batteries are isolated from oxygen around them during puncture to prevent spontaneous combustion of the electrolyte after leakage and encountering air; after the upper box body 2 and the lower box body 1 are completely sealed ... The electric signal controls the spraying component 4 to spray liquid nitrogen onto the waste lithium batteries in the lower box 1, thereby freezing the waste lithium batteries to -196°C to -198°C for about 15-20 minutes, solidifying the electrolyte into a solid state, thereby inhibiting the volatilization of the electrolyte and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion; after the liquid nitrogen freezing is completed, the controller immediately controls the puncture needle 51 of the puncture component 5 through an electric signal to insert it into the lower box 1 to puncture the waste lithium batteries. After the puncture component 5 completes the puncture, the controller immediately controls the door drive mechanism 23 of the upper box 2 through an electric signal to rotate the side door panel 22 around the hinge point. After the side door panel 22 is fully opened, the controller controls the ejection component 6 through an electric signal to eject the waste lithium batteries in the lower box 1 into the subsequent crushing equipment for low-temperature freezing and crushing. The process of the waste lithium batteries being ejected into the subsequent crushing equipment does not exceed 10 seconds, and oxygen needs to be isolated during the process. This solution provides an oxygen-isolated and low-temperature freezing environment for waste lithium batteries in a sealed box before, during and after puncture, thereby ensuring that waste lithium batteries will not spontaneously combust or explode during puncture, and preventing the leakage of exhaust gas and volatile electrolyte gas during the puncture process, thereby protecting the environment and the safety of workers; and through the side opening method combined with the timely ejection of the ejection component 6, it can effectively ensure that the waste lithium batteries can be quickly transferred to the crushing equipment connected thereto for crushing processing after completing liquid nitrogen freeze puncture, thereby shortening the transportation steps and time, thereby avoiding the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion due to electrolyte thawing due to long transportation time or contact with oxygen during transportation, thereby greatly improving the safety of puncture treatment of waste lithium batteries.

[0036] like Figures 3 to 5As shown, the pretreatment equipment also includes a pressure spraying component 7; the pressure spraying component 7 includes a hole plate 71 and a high-frequency telescopic unit 72; a sink 11 is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the lower box body 1; the hole plate 71 is arranged in the sink 11; the lower surface of the hole plate 71 is connected to the output end of the high-frequency telescopic unit 72; the shell of the high-frequency telescopic unit 72 is connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the lower box body 1 through a mounting plate; the high-frequency telescopic unit 72 is used to drive the hole plate 71 to perform high-frequency reciprocating movement.

[0037] By providing an orifice plate 71 and a high-frequency telescopic unit 72 below each puncture station, during the process of spraying liquid nitrogen onto the waste lithium battery by the spraying component 4, the controller controls the high-frequency telescopic unit 72 through an electrical signal to drive the orifice plate 71 to perform a high-frequency, short-distance reciprocating movement. Since the liquid nitrogen sprayed on the surface of the waste lithium battery will flow down along the surface of the lithium battery and then flow into the trough 11 below, the orifice plate 71 will squeeze the liquid nitrogen in the trough 11 during its rapid downward movement, and the liquid nitrogen will be sprayed upward from the fine holes on the orifice plate 71 and then sprayed onto the surface of the bottom area where the waste lithium battery is placed above, thereby compensating for the defect that the upper spraying component 4 cannot spray the bottom area of ​​the waste lithium battery, thereby improving the liquid nitrogen freezing efficiency of the waste lithium battery, and at the same time ensuring that the electrolyte inside the waste lithium battery can be completely frozen, ensuring safety during the subsequent puncture treatment. The high-frequency telescopic unit 72 can be a high-frequency motor with a crank slider, or a high-frequency vibrator can be used directly.

[0038] The spray coverage area of ​​the orifice plate 71 is larger than the bottom area of ​​the waste lithium battery; the upper ends of the pores close to the edge of the orifice plate 71 are inclined toward the geometric center of the orifice plate 71.

[0039] By setting the fine holes of the orifice plate 71 whose spray coverage area exceeds the bottom surface of the waste lithium battery at an angle, and specifically setting the upper ends of the fine holes to be inclined toward the geometric center of the orifice plate 71, when the orifice plate 71 squeezes the liquid nitrogen in the trough 11 downward, the fine holes near the edge of the orifice plate 71 spray the liquid nitrogen toward the side of the waste lithium battery above along the direction of its inclination, thereby increasing the coverage rate of the liquid nitrogen sprayed on the surface of the waste lithium battery, further improving the liquid nitrogen freezing efficiency of the waste lithium battery, and further ensuring that the electrolyte inside the waste lithium battery can be completely frozen, ensuring the safety of the subsequent puncture treatment.

[0040] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the pretreatment equipment further includes a pressing component 8 ; the pressing component 8 is disposed below the top plate 21 and connected to the top plate 21 .

[0041] By setting a pressing component 8 below the top plate 21, the used lithium battery placed in the lower box body 1 is pressed by the pressing component 8 when the top plate 21 is placed on the upper end of the lower box body 1, thereby ensuring that the position of the used lithium battery will not move relative to each other during the subsequent puncture process, thereby ensuring that the puncture needle 51 of the puncture component 5 can accurately pierce the positive and negative electrodes of the used lithium battery, thereby causing a short circuit inside the lithium battery to discharge, thereby improving the accuracy of the puncture. At the same time, this solution completes the compression of the lithium battery by the pressing component 8 and the transfer of the pressing component 8 by the process of setting the pressing component 8 on the top plate 21, placing the top plate 21 on the lower box body 1, and separating the top plate 21 from the lower box body 1, thereby eliminating the need for a separate power source and controller, thereby simplifying the control process and improving the stability of the equipment operation.

[0042] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the pressing component 8 includes a pressing bar 81, an elastic member 82, a sliding bar 83, an extrusion block 84, an elastic stretching member 85, a pull rod 86 and a pull rope 87; the pressing bar 81 is arranged below the spraying component 4; the pressing bar 81 is connected to the sliding bar 83 through the elastic member 82; the sliding bar 83 is slidably connected to the vertical slide groove on the lower surface of the top plate 21; the upper part of the sliding bar 83 is in contact with the extrusion block 84; the extrusion block 84 is slidably connected to the horizontal slide groove on the top plate 21; an avoidance groove is provided on the upper surface of the sliding bar 83; one side of the extrusion block 84 is connected to the closed end of the horizontal slide groove through the elastic stretching member 85; the other side of the extrusion block 84 is connected to one end of the pull rope 87 through the pull rod 86; the other end of the pull rope 87 is connected to the side door panel 22.

[0043] When the top plate 21 is placed on the lower box body 1, the squeezing block 84 contacts the upper end of the sliding bar 83, thereby preventing the sliding bar 83 from sliding up and down, and then the used lithium batteries in the lower box body 1 are pressed tightly by the elastic member 82 and the pressing bar 81 below; when the used lithium batteries are punctured, the controller controls the door driving mechanism 23 of the upper box body 2 through an electrical signal to rotate the side door panel 22 around the hinge point, and then drives the pull rope 87 to wrap around the side door panel 22 during the process of opening the side door panel 22, and then drives the squeezing block 84 to move horizontally through the pull rod 86, and then when the side door panel 22 is close to being fully opened, the squeezing block 84 is pressed. The pressing block 84 moves to the position of the avoidance groove on the sliding bar 83, so the squeezing block 84 can no longer restrict the sliding bar 83, thereby allowing the sliding bar 83 to slide up and down, that is, the pressing bar 81 below the sliding bar 83 no longer presses the used lithium battery, thereby making it easier for the ejection component 6 to eject the punctured used lithium battery from the side of the side door panel 22; after the used lithium battery is ejected, the controller controls the side door panel 22 to close, and then under the action of the rebound tension of the elastic stretching member 85, the squeezing block 84 is pulled to contact the upper surface of the sliding block again, thereby allowing the pressing bar 81 to resume its pressing effect. This solution connects the state conversion of the clamping component 8 with the opening and closing of the side door panel 22, so that after the side door panel 22 is opened, the clamping component 8 is driven to release the lithium battery, so that the punctured waste lithium battery can be ejected by the ejection component 6 without compression resistance, thereby ensuring stable and smooth ejection; and this process does not require complex control to implement, further ensuring the stability of equipment operation.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the ejection component 6 includes an ejection plate 61, a guide rod 62, an elastic telescopic member 63, a contact plate 64, a swinging member 65, a driving core shaft 66 and a first motor 67; the ejection plate 61 is provided on the non-opening side of the lower box body 1; the ejection plate 61 is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod 62; the guide rod 62 passes through the side wall of the lower box body 1 and is slidably connected to the side wall of the lower box body 1; the other end of the guide rod 62 is fixedly connected to the contact plate 64; the elastic telescopic member 63 is provided between the contact plate 64 and the lower box body 1; the elastic telescopic member 63 is sleeved on the guide rod 62; the lower part of the contact plate 64 is rotatably connected to the driving core shaft 66 through a rotating seat; one end of the swinging member 65 is fixedly connected to the driving core shaft 66; one end of the driving core shaft 66 is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 67; the first motor 67 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the lower box body 1.

[0045] After the waste lithium battery is punctured, the controller controls the side door panel 22 to open, and the controller immediately controls the first motor 67 to rotate through an electrical signal, thereby driving all the swinging members 65 on it to swing rapidly through the driving core shaft 66, so that the other end of the swinging member 65 hits the contact plate 64, and then drives the ejection plate 61 through the guide rod 62 to push the waste lithium battery in the lower box 1, thereby achieving the rapid ejection of the punctured waste lithium battery to the subsequent crushing equipment, thereby minimizing the transportation time of the waste lithium battery after the puncture, and effectively preventing the electrolyte of the waste lithium battery frozen by liquid nitrogen from thawing, thereby improving the safety of the waste lithium battery during transportation. When the waste lithium battery is ejected, the controller controls the first motor 67 to reverse, thereby causing the swinging member 65 to move away from the contact plate 64, and then using the rebound force of the elastic member 63 to return the ejection plate 61 to its initial position. In this solution, the swing member 65 hits the resistance plate 64, so that the ejection plate 61 quickly ejects the punctured waste lithium battery, thereby shortening the transportation time of the waste lithium battery after the puncture to the greatest extent, and effectively preventing the electrolyte of the waste lithium battery frozen by liquid nitrogen from thawing, thereby improving the safety of the waste lithium battery during transportation.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the puncture component 5 includes a puncture needle 51, a hydraulic cylinder 52 and a solenoid valve; the puncture needle 51 passes through the top plate 21; the puncture needle 51 is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the hydraulic cylinder 52; the hydraulic cylinder 52 is connected to the top plate 21 through a mounting bracket; the solenoid valve is used to control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 52.

[0047] After the waste lithium battery is frozen by liquid nitrogen, the controller controls the solenoid valve through an electrical signal to switch the inlet and outlet oil paths of the hydraulic cylinder 52, so that the hydraulic cylinder 52 drives the puncture needle 51 to approach the waste lithium battery in the lower box 1, and then after the puncture needle 51 pierces the positive and negative poles of the waste lithium battery, a short circuit occurs inside the battery to discharge the battery. Then the controller controls the other side of the solenoid valve to energize, so that the hydraulic cylinder 52 drives the needle tip of the puncture needle 51 to retract into the top plate 21, thereby completing the puncture treatment of the waste lithium battery.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the upper box body 2 also includes a door drive mechanism 23; the door drive mechanism 23 includes a second motor 231, a drive gear 232 and a swing gear 233; the hinged shaft end of the side door panel 22 is connected to the swing gear 233; the swing gear 233 is engaged with the drive gear 232 for transmission; the drive gear 232 is connected to the output shaft of the second motor 231; the second motor 231 is fixedly connected to the top plate 21.

[0049] The controller controls the forward and reverse rotation of the second motor 231 through an electrical signal, and then drives the swing gear 233 to rotate through the driving gear 232, thereby driving the side door panel 22 to open and close.

[0050] like Figure 11 As shown, the pre-treatment equipment is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment via a telescopic channel 9; an air protection device is provided in the telescopic channel 9.

[0051] After the puncture is completed, the controller controls the telescopic cylinder of the telescopic channel 9 to extend through an electrical signal, thereby driving the telescopic channel 9 to be sleeved around the side door panel 22. During the process, the controller controls the gas protection device to pass inert gas into the telescopic channel 9 through an electrical signal, thereby achieving the discharge of oxygen in the telescopic channel 9. Then the controller controls the side door panel 22 and the feed port of the crushing device to open. Then the controller controls the ejection component 6 to eject the punctured waste lithium batteries in the pre-treatment device, and then pass through the telescopic channel 9 directly into the subsequent crushing device, thereby minimizing the transportation time of the waste lithium batteries after the puncture is completed, thereby effectively preventing the electrolyte of the waste lithium batteries frozen by liquid nitrogen from thawing, thereby improving the safety of the waste lithium batteries during transportation. When the waste lithium batteries enter the crushing device, the controller controls the side door panel 22 and the feed port of the crushing device to close, then controls the telescopic channel 9 to retract, and then controls the lifting device to lift the upper box 2, thereby facilitating the re-entry of the waste lithium batteries into the lower box 1.

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles, characterized by: The invention comprises a lower box body (1), an upper box body (2), a gas protection component (3), a spray component (4), a piercing component (5) and an ejection component (6); the lower box body (1) is a structure with an upper end and a side opening respectively; the upper box body (2) comprises a top plate (21) and a side door plate (22) hinged to the top plate (21); the top plate (21) and the side door plate (22) are respectively arranged at the upper end and a side of the lower box body (1); the gas protection component (3) is arranged at the bottom of the lower box body (1); the gas protection component (3) is used to introduce protective gas into the lower box body (1); The ejection component (6) is provided on the non-opening side of the lower box (1); the ejection component (6) is used to eject the punctured lithium battery out of the lower box (1); the spraying component (4) is provided below the top plate (21); the puncturing component (5) is provided above the top plate (21); the spraying component (4) is used to spray liquid nitrogen into the lower box (1); the puncturing component (5) is used to puncture the lithium battery placed in the lower box (1); the outer side of the lower box (1) near the side door plate (22) is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment; The pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles further comprises a pressing component (8); the pressing component (8) is arranged below the top plate (21) and connected to the top plate (21); The pressing component (8) comprises a pressing bar (81), an elastic member (82), a sliding bar (83), an extrusion block (84), an elastic stretching member (85), a pull rod (86) and a pull rope (87); the pressing bar (81) is arranged below the spraying component (4); the pressing bar (81) is connected to the sliding bar (83) through the elastic member (82); the sliding bar (83) is slidably connected to the vertical sliding groove on the lower surface of the top plate (21); the sliding bar (83) ) is connected to the extrusion block (84) above; the extrusion block (84) is slidably connected to the horizontal slide groove on the top plate (21); an avoidance groove is provided on the upper surface of the sliding bar (83); one side of the extrusion block (84) is connected to the closed end of the horizontal slide groove through the elastic stretching member (85); the other side of the extrusion block (84) is connected to one end of the pull rope (87) through the pull rod (86); the other end of the pull rope (87) is connected to the side door panel (22); The pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles also includes a pressure spraying component (7); the pressure spraying component (7) includes a hole plate (71) and a high-frequency telescopic unit (72); a sink (11) is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the lower box (1); the hole plate (71) is provided in the sink (11); the lower surface of the hole plate (71) is connected to the output end of the high-frequency telescopic unit (72); the shell of the high-frequency telescopic unit (72) is connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the lower box (1) through a mounting plate; the high-frequency telescopic unit (72) is used to drive the hole plate (71) to perform high-frequency reciprocating movement; The spray coverage area of ​​the orifice plate (71) is larger than the area of ​​the bottom surface of the waste lithium battery; the upper ends of the fine holes close to the edge of the orifice plate (71) are all inclined toward the geometric center of the orifice plate (71).

2. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ejection component (6) includes an ejection plate (61), a guide rod (62), an elastic telescopic member (63), a contact plate (64), a swing member (65), a driving core shaft (66) and a first motor (67); the ejection plate (61) is provided on the non-opening side of the lower box body (1); the ejection plate (61) is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod (62); the guide rod (62) passes through the side wall of the lower box body (1) and is slidably connected to the side wall of the lower box body (1); the other end of the guide rod (62) is fixedly connected to the contact plate (64). A contact plate (64); the elastic telescopic member (63) is arranged between the contact plate (64) and the lower box (1); the elastic telescopic member (63) is sleeved on the guide rod (62); the lower part of the contact plate (64) is rotatably connected to the driving core shaft (66) through a rotating seat; one end of the swinging member (65) is fixedly connected to the driving core shaft (66); one end of the driving core shaft (66) is connected to the output shaft of the first motor (67); the first motor (67) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the lower box (1).

3. The pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncture component (5) comprises a puncture needle (51), a hydraulic cylinder (52) and a solenoid valve; the puncture needle (51) penetrates the top plate (21); the puncture needle (51) is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the hydraulic cylinder (52); the hydraulic cylinder (52) is connected to the top plate (21) via a mounting frame; and the solenoid valve is used to control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder (52).

4. The pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper box (2) further comprises a door drive mechanism (23); the door drive mechanism (23) comprises a second motor (231), a driving gear (232) and a swing gear (233); the hinged shaft end of the side door panel (22) is connected to the swing gear (233); the swing gear (233) and the driving gear (232) are meshed and transmitted; the driving gear (232) is connected to the output shaft of the second motor (231); and the second motor (231) is fixedly connected to the top plate (21).

5. The pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-treatment equipment is communicated with the subsequent crushing equipment via a telescopic channel (9); an air protection device is provided in the telescopic channel (9).

Images