Cathode tool, method and system for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cathode tool, method, and system for internal spray-type rotary electrochemical machining, relating to the technical field of electrochemical machining. The cathode tool for internal spray-type rotary electrochemical machining comprises: a cathode outer ring and a liquid supply assembly, wherein the cathode outer ring has an annular wall, the outer circumferential surface of the annular wall is provided with a window corresponding to a boss on the surface of an anode workpiece, and the outer circumferential surface of the annular wall is provided with a liquid outlet structure in an area corresponding to a non-boss portion of the anode workpiece surface; the liquid outlet of the liquid supply assembly is provided within the annular wall, the liquid outlet facing the anode workpiece, the cathode outer ring is rotatable relative to the liquid outlet, the liquid outlet extends in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the annular wall, the bottom end of the liquid outlet along the axial direction of the annular wall is not higher than the bottom end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall, and the top end of the liquid outlet along the axial direction of the annular wall is not lower than the top end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall, and the liquid supply assembly is used to receive electrolyte from the outside and supply electrolyte to the liquid outlet structure through the liquid outlet. The present invention can improve machining stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and in particular to a cathode tool, method and system for internal spray rotary electrolytic machining. Background Art

[0002] As a critical load-bearing component of aircraft engines, the casing is a large, thin-walled, rotating part with complex surfaces, featuring mounting brackets and reinforcing ribs of varying shapes distributed along its inner and outer walls. Casings are often made of difficult-to-machine materials such as high-temperature alloys or titanium alloys. Traditional machining methods suffer from long processing cycles, high tool costs, and easy workpiece deformation. Chemical milling offers poor wall thickness accuracy, and the corrosive fluids used pose health and environmental hazards. Furthermore, the electrodes and procedures used in block electrolytic machining (ECM) are complex. To address these machining challenges, some rotary electrolytic machining methods have been proposed in the related art. However, in these methods, both the workpiece anode and the tool cathode are completely immersed in the electrolyte within the flushing fixture. The electrochemical anode dissolution reaction occurs within the flushing fixture, inevitably leading to stray corrosion during machining. Furthermore, the electrolyte flows into the machining area from one side of the flushing fixture and out from the other. Various bosses on the workpiece surface affect the flow distribution within the machining area, making it difficult to control the electrolyte flow within the machining area, thus affecting machining stability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cathode tool, method and system for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve machining stability.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining, comprising:

[0006] The cathode outer ring has an annular wall, which is a conductor. The outer circumference of the annular wall is provided with a window corresponding to the boss on the surface of the anode workpiece. The outer circumference of the annular wall is provided with a liquid outlet structure in an area corresponding to the non-boss portion of the anode workpiece surface.

[0007] A liquid supply component, wherein the liquid outlet of the liquid supply component is arranged in the annular wall, and the liquid outlet faces the anode workpiece. In the processing state, the cathode outer ring can rotate relative to the liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet extends in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the annular wall. The bottom end of the liquid outlet along the axial direction of the annular wall is not higher than the bottom end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall, and the top end of the liquid outlet along the axial direction of the annular wall is not lower than the top end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall. The liquid supply component is used to receive electrolyte from the outside and supply electrolyte to the liquid outlet structure through the liquid outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the liquid supply assembly includes a cathode inner ring, which is a hollow sleeve-shaped structure. The cathode inner ring is arranged inside the cathode outer ring, the liquid outlet is opened on the side of the cathode inner ring, and a liquid inlet is provided at the bottom or top of the cathode inner ring. The cathode inner ring and the cathode outer ring are coaxially arranged, and the cathode outer ring is rotatable relative to the cathode inner ring.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a roller bracket, which is fixedly sleeved outside the annular wall, and a plurality of arc grooves are opened outside the roller bracket, and the arc grooves are arranged parallel to the axis of the annular wall. Sliding rollers are installed in the arc grooves, and the cathode outer ring is sleeved outside the roller bracket and is in rolling contact with the sliding rollers.

[0010] Preferably, the liquid outlet structure is a narrow slit or a group of holes opened on the annular wall.

[0011] Preferably, the cathode outer ring further comprises a fixing plate coaxially fixedly arranged at one end of the annular wall; an end surface of one end of the cathode inner ring and an inner wall of the fixing plate are in sliding contact or clearance fit; the cathode inner ring further comprises a first annular extension plate fixedly arranged at one end of the sleeve-shaped structure;

[0012] The roller bracket is clamped and fixed to the outside of the cathode inner ring or fixedly connected to the first annular extension plate through bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the cathode inner ring is fixedly connected to a liquid inlet pipe, and one end of the liquid inlet pipe is constructed with a second annular extension plate extending radially outward, and the second annular extension plate is installed in the annular wall, and an annular pressure plate is provided on the outside of the second annular extension plate, and the annular pressure plate is fixedly connected to the end face of the annular wall and axially limits the second annular extension plate.

[0014] Preferably, annular sealing gaskets are sandwiched between the annular pressure plate and one side of the second annular extension plate, between the other side of the second annular extension plate and the cathode inner ring and the end face of the roller bracket, between one side of the first annular extension plate and the end face of the roller bracket, and between the other side of the first annular extension plate and the fixed plate.

[0015] Preferably, a guide groove is provided on the roller bracket in an area corresponding to the liquid outlet, the arc grooves are provided on both sides of the guide groove, and electrolyte limiting rollers are provided in the arc grooves on both sides of the guide groove.

[0016] The present invention also provides an internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining method, which utilizes the cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining as described above to electrochemically machine an anode workpiece; comprising:

[0017] During electrolysis, the anode workpiece and the cathode outer ring are driven to rotate in opposite directions at the same angular velocity around their own axes respectively, and at the same time, the cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining is driven to step or move continuously toward the anode workpiece.

[0018] The present invention also provides an internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining system, comprising the cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining as described above.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention provides a cathode outer ring that can rotate independently and opens a liquid outlet structure on the cathode outer ring to flush the processing area. There is no need to design a special flushing fixture, which simplifies the processing process. At the same time, the electrolyte is mainly controlled in the middle processing area, which greatly reduces stray corrosion in the non-processing area and improves the localization and forming accuracy of electrolytic processing.

[0021] (2) When the solution of the present invention is implemented, the electrolyte flow rate in the processing area is not affected by the processing depth and processing characteristics, and the flow field always remains stable. It is suitable for electrolytic machining precision forming of rotating components containing various complex bosses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A half-section diagram of electrolytic machining using a cathode tool for internal jet rotary electrolytic machining provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A horizontal cross-sectional view of electrolytic machining using a cathode tool for internal jet rotary electrolytic machining provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A vertical cross-sectional view of electrolytic machining performed using a cathode tool for internal jet rotary electrolytic machining provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the roller bracket;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode inner ring;

[0028] In the figure: 1-anode workpiece; 2-cathode outer ring; 3-cathode inner ring; 4-sealing gasket; 5-roller bracket; 6-narrow slit; 7-annular pressure plate; 8-liquid inlet pipe; 9-sliding roller; 10-cathode window; 11-electrolyte limiting roller; 12-boss; 13-guide groove; 14-arc groove; 15-first annular extension plate; 16-sleeve-shaped structure; 17-liquid outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] The following combination Figures 1 to 5 , describing embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The present invention provides a cathode tool for internal jet rotary electrochemical machining, comprising: a cathode outer ring 2 and a liquid supply assembly. The cathode outer ring 2 has an annular wall, which is a conductor. The outer circumferential surface of the annular wall is provided with a window corresponding to a boss 12 on the surface of an anode workpiece 1. A liquid outlet structure is provided in an area of ​​the outer circumferential surface of the annular wall corresponding to a portion of the anode workpiece 1 other than the boss 12. The liquid supply assembly has a liquid outlet 17 disposed within the annular wall, facing the anode workpiece 1. In a machining state, the cathode outer ring 2 can rotate relative to the liquid outlet 17. The liquid outlet 17 extends in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the annular wall. The bottom end of the liquid outlet 17 along the axial direction of the annular wall is no higher than the bottom end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall, and the top end of the liquid outlet 17 along the axial direction of the annular wall is no lower than the top end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall. The liquid supply assembly is configured to receive electrolyte from the outside and supply the electrolyte to the liquid outlet structure through the liquid outlet 17. During use, the liquid supply assembly does not rotate with the cathode outer ring 2, so that the direction of the liquid outlet is always toward the anode workpiece 1.

[0034] The present invention provides a separately rotatable cathode outer ring 2 and opens a liquid outlet structure on the cathode outer ring 2 to flush the processing area. There is no need to design a special flushing fixture, which simplifies the processing process. At the same time, the electrolyte is mainly controlled in the middle processing area, which greatly reduces stray corrosion in the non-processing area and improves the localization and forming accuracy of electrolytic processing.

[0035] In addition, when the solution of the present invention is implemented, the cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining moves toward the anode workpiece 1 to keep the machining distance constant, so that the electrolyte flow rate in the machining area is not affected by the machining depth and machining characteristics, and the flow field always remains stable. It is suitable for electrolytic machining precision forming of rotating components containing various types of complex bosses 12.

[0036] In some embodiments, the liquid supply assembly includes a cathode inner ring 3, which is a hollow sleeve-shaped structure 16. The cathode inner ring 3 is arranged in the cathode outer ring 2. A liquid outlet 17 is opened on the side of the cathode inner ring 3, and a liquid inlet is provided at the bottom or top of the cathode inner ring 3. The cathode inner ring 3 and the cathode outer ring 2 are coaxially arranged, and the cathode outer ring 2 can be rotatably arranged relative to the cathode inner ring 3.

[0037] When in use, the cathode inner ring 3 needs to be kept stationary so that the liquid outlet 17 on the side of the cathode inner ring 3 is always aligned with the anode workpiece 1, and only the cathode outer ring 2 is driven to rotate, so as to perform rotary electrolytic machining.

[0038] In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention also include a roller bracket 5, which is fixedly mounted on the outside of the annular wall. A plurality of arc grooves 14 are provided on the outside of the roller bracket 5. The arc grooves 14 are arranged parallel to the axis of the annular wall. Sliding rollers 9 are installed in the arc grooves 14. The cathode outer ring 2 is mounted on the outside of the roller bracket 5 and is in rolling contact with the sliding rollers 9.

[0039] This embodiment enables the cathode outer ring 2 to be rotatable relative to the cathode inner ring 3. Of course, it is not limited to this embodiment. In some embodiments, the rotation of the cathode outer ring 2 relative to the cathode inner ring 3 can be achieved by opening a spherical groove and arranging balls in the spherical groove. For ease of understanding, the overall structure of the roller bracket 5, the cathode outer ring 2 and the balls or sliding rollers 9 can be imagined as a bearing structure.

[0040] Of course, in other embodiments, the arc groove 14 or the like can be directly provided on the outer wall surface of the cathode inner ring 3 , thus saving the structure of the roller bracket 5 .

[0041] In some embodiments, the liquid outlet structure is a narrow slit 6 or a group of holes opened on the annular wall. The group of holes is a plurality of holes arranged in an array, and the narrow slit 6 is a narrow opening extending along the axis parallel to the annular wall.

[0042] In some embodiments, the cathode outer ring 2 also includes a fixed plate coaxially fixed to one end of the annular wall; the end face of one end of the cathode inner ring 3 and the inner wall of the fixed plate are in sliding contact or clearance fit; the cathode inner ring 3 also includes a first annular extension plate 15 fixed to one end of the sleeve-shaped structure 16; the roller bracket 5 is clamped and fixed to the outside of the cathode inner ring 3 or fixedly connected to the first annular extension plate 15 by bolts.

[0043] This embodiment achieves the purpose of fixing the roller bracket 5 and the cathode inner ring 3 and allowing the cathode outer ring 2 to rotate independently.

[0044] In some embodiments, a liquid inlet pipe 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cathode inner ring 3, and a second annular extension plate extending radially outward is constructed at one end of the liquid inlet pipe 8. The second annular extension plate is installed in the annular wall, and the second annular extension plate is fixedly connected to the cathode inner ring 3 and / or the roller bracket 5. An annular pressure plate 7 is provided on the outside of the second annular extension plate, and the annular pressure plate 7 is fixedly connected to the end face of the annular wall and axially limits the second annular extension plate.

[0045] This embodiment can prevent the cathode inner ring 3 and the roller bracket 5 from rotating along with the rotation of the cathode outer ring 2 by limiting the rotational freedom of the liquid inlet pipe 8 .

[0046] In some embodiments, an annular sealing gasket 4 is sandwiched between the annular pressure plate 7 and one side of the second annular extension plate, between the other side of the second annular extension plate and the cathode inner ring 3 and the end face of the roller bracket 5, between one side of the first annular extension plate 15 and the end face of the roller bracket 5, and between the other side of the first annular extension plate 15 and the fixed plate.

[0047] This embodiment enables the electrolyte in the cathode inner ring 3 to flow out only through the liquid outlet 17 and be supplied to the liquid outlet structure in the corresponding area of ​​the cathode outer ring 2 .

[0048] In some embodiments, a guide groove 13 is provided on the roller bracket 5 in an area corresponding to the liquid outlet 17 , arc grooves 14 are provided on both sides of the guide groove 13 , and electrolyte limiting rollers 11 are provided in the arc grooves 14 on both sides of the guide groove 13 .

[0049] This embodiment realizes limiting the electrolyte outflow area. It can be understood that the position of the electrolyte limiting roller 11 is designed according to needs, that is, before manufacturing the roller bracket 5, the drawing is designed and the position of the arc groove 14 is adjusted according to needs.

[0050] In this embodiment, multiple roller brackets 5 are provided, and the positions of the electrolyte limiting rollers 11 of different roller brackets 5 are different, which makes the liquid outlet width on each roller bracket 5 different, thereby facilitating the user to replace different roller brackets 5 according to different processing requirements.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] An embodiment of the present invention provides an internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining method, which uses the cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining described in Example 1 to electrochemically machine an anode workpiece 1; the method comprises:

[0053] During electrolysis, the anode workpiece 1 and the cathode outer ring 2 are driven to rotate in opposite directions at the same angular velocity around their own axes, and at the same time, the cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining is driven to step or move continuously toward the anode workpiece 1.

[0054] Specifically, the method for electrochemically machining the anode workpiece 1 using the cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining as described above is as follows:

[0055] Step 1: The anode workpiece 1 and the cathode outer ring 2 rotate relative to each other at the same angular velocity, and the cathode inner ring 3 remains stationary. The liquid outlet 17 on the cathode inner ring 3 and the guide groove 13 on the roller bracket 5 always face the processing area of ​​the workpiece anode.

[0056] Step 2: The cathode outer ring 2, the cathode inner ring 3, and the electrolyte limiting roller 11 form an electrolyte closed cavity. After the electrolyte enters the cathode inner ring 3 from the electrolyte inlet, it is restricted by the electrolyte limiting roller 11 and rotates from the cathode outer ring 2 to the local narrow gap 6 in the area of ​​the guide groove 13 and flows out.

[0057] Step 3: The anode workpiece 1 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the cathode outer ring 2 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply. While the cathode outer ring 2 and the anode workpiece 1 rotate in opposite directions, the cathode outer ring 2 and the cathode inner ring 3 inside it, the roller bracket 5 and the liquid inlet pipe 8 outside it are fed toward the anode workpiece 1 at a constant speed.

[0058] Step 4: The part of the material of the anode workpiece 1 that is transferred to the liquid outlet structure undergoes electrochemical dissolution, and a boss 12 is gradually generated at a position corresponding to the cathode window 10 .

[0059] Example 3

[0060] An embodiment of the present invention provides an internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining system, comprising the cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining described in the first embodiment.

[0061] This embodiment also includes a power supply, a rotation drive device for driving the cathode outer ring 2 and the anode workpiece 1 to rotate in opposite directions, a device for providing electrolyte, etc.

[0062] There is a circular hole in the middle of the fixed plate at the top of the cathode outer ring 2 shown in the figure. The circular hole is used to connect to the end of the drive shaft. The drive shaft drives the fixed plate to drive the cathode outer ring 2 to rotate, and the drive shaft can close the circular hole. It can be understood that when there are other driving structures, such as a transmission structure is set on the top of the fixed plate to connect the drive shaft, the circular hole can be omitted, that is, a fixed plate without a hole is set to close the top opening of the cathode outer ring 2.

[0063] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining, characterized by: include: The cathode outer ring has an annular wall, which is a conductor. The outer circumference of the annular wall is provided with a window corresponding to the boss on the surface of the anode workpiece. The outer circumference of the annular wall is provided with a liquid outlet structure in an area corresponding to the non-boss portion of the anode workpiece surface. A liquid supply component, wherein the liquid outlet of the liquid supply component is arranged in the annular wall, and the liquid outlet faces the anode workpiece. In the processing state, the cathode outer ring can rotate relative to the liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet extends in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the annular wall. The bottom end of the liquid outlet along the axial direction of the annular wall is not higher than the bottom end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall, and the top end of the liquid outlet along the axial direction of the annular wall is not lower than the top end of the liquid outlet structure along the axial direction of the annular wall. The liquid supply component is used to receive electrolyte from the outside and supply electrolyte to the liquid outlet structure through the liquid outlet.

2. The cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid supply assembly includes a cathode inner ring, which is a hollow sleeve-shaped structure. The cathode inner ring is arranged inside the cathode outer ring. The liquid outlet is opened on the side of the cathode inner ring. The liquid inlet is provided at the bottom or top of the cathode inner ring. The cathode inner ring and the cathode outer ring are coaxially arranged, and the cathode outer ring is rotatable relative to the cathode inner ring.

3. The cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a roller bracket, which is fixedly sleeved outside the annular wall. A plurality of arc grooves are opened on the outside of the roller bracket. The arc grooves are arranged parallel to the axis of the annular wall. Sliding rollers are installed in the arc grooves. The cathode outer ring is sleeved outside the roller bracket and is in rolling contact with the sliding rollers.

4. The cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid outlet structure is a narrow slit or a group of holes opened on the annular wall.

5. The cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cathode outer ring further comprises a fixing plate coaxially fixedly arranged at one end of the annular wall; an end surface of one end of the cathode inner ring and an inner wall of the fixing plate are in sliding contact or clearance fit; the cathode inner ring further comprises a first annular extension plate fixedly arranged at one end of the sleeve-shaped structure; The roller bracket is clamped and fixed to the outside of the cathode inner ring or fixedly connected to the first annular extension plate through bolts.

6. The cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the cathode inner ring is fixedly connected to a liquid inlet pipe, and one end of the liquid inlet pipe is constructed with a second annular extension plate extending radially outward, the second annular extension plate is installed in the annular wall, the second annular extension plate is fixedly connected to the cathode inner ring and / or the roller bracket, and an annular pressure plate is provided on the outer side of the second annular extension plate, the annular pressure plate is fixedly connected to the end face of the annular wall and axially limits the second annular extension plate.

7. The cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining according to claim 6, characterized in that: Annular sealing gaskets are sandwiched between the annular pressure plate and one side of the second annular extension plate, between the other side of the second annular extension plate and the cathode inner ring and the end face of the roller bracket, between one side of the first annular extension plate and the end face of the roller bracket, and between the other side of the first annular extension plate and the fixed plate.

8. The cathode tool for internal spray type rotary electrochemical machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide groove is provided on the roller bracket in an area corresponding to the liquid outlet, the arc grooves are provided on both sides of the guide groove, and electrolyte limiting rollers are provided in the arc grooves on both sides of the guide groove.

9. An internal spray type rotary electrochemical processing method, characterized in that: Electrolytic machining of an anode workpiece using the cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining according to any one of claims 1 to 8; comprising: During electrolysis, the anode workpiece and the cathode outer ring are driven to rotate in opposite directions at the same angular velocity around their own axes respectively, and at the same time, the cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining is driven to step or move continuously toward the anode workpiece.

10. An internal spray type rotary electrochemical processing system, characterized by: A cathode tool for internal spray rotary electrochemical machining comprising the cathode tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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