Fertilizer for improving salinity and alkalinity of soil, landfill device and production process

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer for improving soil salinity and alkalinity, a landfill device and a production process, and belongs to a fertilizer in the technical field of agricultural production, the technical scheme is that the fertilizer is a mixed layer, and the mixed layer is of a layered structure formed by mixing straws and charcoal; the straw layers comprise a first straw layer and a second straw layer, and the first straw layer and the second straw layer are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the mixing layer respectively; in the mixing layer, the mass ratio of the charcoal is 70%, and the mass ratio of the straw is 30%; according to the fertilizer capable of improving the soil salinity and alkalinity, the landfill device and the production process, water molecules and salt molecules can be separated by burying the fertilizer in soil, most saline-alkali molecules are filtered, and the problem of soil salinization is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular relates to a fertilizer for improving soil salinity, a landfill device and a production process. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization seriously affects agricultural production. The treatment of saline-alkali land is a long-term and arduous task, and also a process of human survival and struggle with nature. The treatment of saline-alkali land has great potential social and economic value.

[0003] In the existing technology, some measures and methods for the treatment of saline-alkali soil are insufficient, and the treatment of saline-alkali soil has little effect. Similarly, the nano-membrane structure is designed for the prevention and control of saline-alkali soil, considering the high cost for farmers and poor economic benefits. The designed materials are improved, and white pollution and chemical damage to the cultivated land cannot be caused in the process of treating saline-alkali soil. After comprehensive consideration, this device of charcoal and straw layer buried in saline-alkali soil is designed to be displayed to the general public and scholars, revealing the formation and prevention of saline-alkali soil, and treating saline-alkali soil with the simplest, lowest cost and most environmentally friendly measures. It is hoped that later scholars will invent more superior measures to solve saline-alkali soil. Summary of the invention

[0004] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity. By being buried in the soil, water molecules and salt molecules can be separated, most of the salt molecules can be filtered out, and the problem of soil salinization can be solved.

[0005] The second purpose is to provide a landfill device for a fertilizer layer that improves soil salinity and alkalinity, thereby achieving uniform and continuous burial and spreading of the fertilizer layer in the soil, and stably placing the fertilizer layer in the soil for use.

[0006] The second purpose is to provide a production process for a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity, to produce the fertilizer layer efficiently and stably, to set a mixed layer with charcoal in the fertilizer layer, and to fill the soil with crop straw and charcoal to achieve the purpose of regulating and improving saline-alkali soil.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved in that a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity and alkalinity comprises:

[0008] A mixed layer, wherein the mixed layer is a layered structure formed by mixing straw and charcoal;

[0009] a straw layer, wherein the straw layer includes a first straw layer and a second straw layer, and the first straw layer and the second straw layer are respectively arranged on upper and lower sides of the mixed layer; and

[0010] In the mixed layer, the mass of charcoal accounts for 70% and the mass of straw accounts for 30%.

[0011] Furthermore, the straw layer is wheat straw or rice straw.

[0012] A landfill device for improving soil salinity and alkalinity fertilizer layer, comprising:

[0013] A triangular steel bracket, wherein one vertex end of the triangular steel bracket is connected to a driving power source;

[0014] Rubber tires, two of which are provided at the other end of the triangular steel support;

[0015] A trapezoidal steel frame, the trapezoidal steel frame is fixedly connected to the triangular steel support, and the trapezoidal steel frame is provided with a placement rod for rolling up and placing the fertilizer layer; and

[0016] An adjustable shovel is hingedly arranged on the triangular steel support.

[0017] Furthermore, the shovel comprises:

[0018] A force-bearing end surface of a shovel, wherein the force-bearing end surface of the shovel is arranged between the two rubber tires;

[0019] A steel rod, one end of which is fixed to the stress-bearing end surface of the shovel, and the other end of which is hinged to a triangular steel bracket;

[0020] A telescopic hydraulic arm, wherein both ends of the telescopic hydraulic arm are respectively hinged to a triangular steel support and a stress-bearing end surface of a shovel.

[0021] Furthermore, the stress-bearing end surface of the shovel is an "S"-shaped structure.

[0022] Furthermore, a connecting buckle is provided at the position where the triangular steel bracket is connected to the external driving power source, and the triangular steel bracket is connected to the external driving power source through the connecting buckle.

[0023] Furthermore, the placing rod is rotatably arranged on the trapezoidal steel frame.

[0024] Furthermore, the length of the stress-bearing end surface of the shovel is 2.2 m and the width is 1 m.

[0025] A production process for a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity and alkalinity comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1. The raw material wheat straw is crushed by a crusher and crushed into 3-5 cm lumps;

[0027] S2, transporting the lumps in S1 to a first stirring tank, adding an adhesive to the first stirring tank, and stirring the lumps and the adhesive in the tank;

[0028] S3, conveying the knot-like object coated with the adhesive to the first extruder through the first conveyor belt for extrusion operation;

[0029] S4, conveying the layered knots that have completed the extrusion operation to a first high-temperature steam device through a conveyor belt for sterilization, thereby forming a straw layer;

[0030] S5, feeding the wood into the sealed carbonization furnace through the feed port for carbonization treatment, and the charcoal after carbonization enters the second pulverizer for pulverization;

[0031] S6, conveying the charcoal powder in S5 to a second stirring tank, and adding straw powder to the second stirring tank, wherein the mass ratio of the charcoal powder to the straw powder is 7:3, and mixing them in the stirring tank;

[0032] S7, sending the charcoal and straw mixture stirred in S6 into a second extruder for extrusion, forming a compressed plate after extrusion, and sending the compressed plate into a second high-temperature steam device for sterilization;

[0033] S8, repeat the process of S4 to produce two straw layers, place the compressed plate dried in S7 between the two straw layers, extrude them in a third extruder, and finally sterilize them in a third high-temperature steam device.

[0034] Furthermore, the straw layer sterilized in S4 is dried by a second high-temperature steam device or dried naturally.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

[0036] In the present invention, within a certain period of time (such as within one year), the evaporation of water in the soil is greater than the amount of water absorbed (such as precipitation and irrigation water), and salt follows water (salt melts in water, soil has capillary phenomenon, water rises under the action of transpiration tension, and sinks under the action of gravity), water molecules evaporate, and the process of salt molecules remaining on the soil surface is the physical principle of soil salinization. According to this principle, a device for separating water molecules and salt molecules is made to filter most of the salt-alkali molecules and solve the problem of soil salinization. At present, many membrane materials for seawater desalination and water purification are used to make fertilizer layers of charcoal and straw layers. Crop straw and charcoal are buried in the soil to achieve the purpose of regulating and improving saline-alkali soil. Straw laying has been widely recognized in agricultural production. This achievement is further optimized, designed and manufactured, and charcoal is added; it is laid flat under the soil surface. After burying, there is no need for winter irrigation for several years, that is, salt pressure irrigation, which saves water resources in areas with scarce water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer layer structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the landfill device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the force-bearing end surface structure of the shovel of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a process flow chart of the fertilizer layer production process of the present invention.

[0042] In the attached drawings, 101-mixing layer, 102-first straw layer, 103-second straw layer, 201-landfill device, 202-first hypotenuse support rod, 203-second hypotenuse support rod, 204-trapezoidal steel frame, 205-shovel force end face, 206-telescopic hydraulic arm, 207-steel rod, 208-rubber tire, 209-triangular steel bracket, 210-connecting buckle, 401-straw feeding port, 402-crusher, 403-blade-shaped crushing gear, 404- The first stirring tank, 405-the first adhesive adding machine, 406-the first conveyor belt, 407-the first extruder, 408-the first high-temperature steam device, 501-the feeding port, 502-the sealed carbonization furnace, 503-the pulverizer, 504-the second stirring tank, 505-the second adhesive adding machine, 506-the second extruder, 507-the second high-temperature steam device, 508-the second conveyor belt, 509-the fertilizer layer to be finished, 510-the third extruder, 511-the third high-temperature steam device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0045] Reference Figure 1-Figure 4 , a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity, comprising:

[0046] A mixed layer 101, the mixed layer 101 is a layered structure formed by mixing straw and charcoal;

[0047] A straw layer, wherein the straw layer includes a first straw layer 102 and a second straw layer 103, wherein the first straw layer 102 and the second straw layer 103 are respectively arranged at upper and lower sides of the mixed layer; and

[0048] In the mixed layer 101, the mass of charcoal accounts for 70% and the mass of straw accounts for 30%.

[0049] Preferably, the straw layer is wheat straw or rice straw.

[0050] The soil must be watered before landfilling, which is called salt pressing in farmers' parlance. After salt pressing, the membrane of the device is buried in the soil where the salt content is the lowest, according to the depth of salt sinking. In layman's terms, salt moves with water, and water infiltration takes away the salt. Samples are taken to measure the salt content. The depth of salt pressing varies according to the region and soil. The appropriate depth is 30 cm to 50 cm. The depth of other dimensions is determined according to actual conditions.

[0051] The charcoal and straw layer device landfilled in saline-alkali soil is mainly composed of a three-layer structure. The main component is crop straw. The best choice is wheat and rice straw. Corn, cotton, etc. can be used as alternative materials. Some studies have shown that coconut shell fiber is the best choice of material. Due to its small output and high transportation cost, it can be used as raw material if the raw materials are sufficient and the cost is low enough.

[0052] The correct way to bury the device is to lay it flat under the soil surface. After burying, there is no need for winter irrigation in the next few years, that is, salt-pressed watering, which saves water resources in areas with scarce water resources.

[0053] A landfill device 201 for improving soil salinity and alkalinity fertilizer layer, comprising:

[0054] A triangular steel support 209, one vertex end of the triangular steel support 209 is connected to a driving power source;

[0055] A rubber tire 208, two rubber tires 208 are provided at the other end of the triangular steel support 209;

[0056] A trapezoidal steel frame 204, the trapezoidal steel frame 204 is fixedly connected to a triangular steel support 209, and a placement rod for rolling and placing the fertilizer layer is provided on the trapezoidal steel frame 204; and

[0057] An adjustable shovel is hingedly provided on the triangular steel support 209 .

[0058] Preferably, the shovel comprises:

[0059] A shovel force-bearing end face 205, which is disposed between two rubber tires 208;

[0060] The first hypotenuse support rod 202 and the second hypotenuse support rod 203 are respectively arranged on both sides of the trapezoidal steel frame 204; the trapezoidal steel frame 204 and the triangular steel bracket 209 share a connecting rod, a steel rod 207, one end of the steel rod 207 is fixedly arranged with the force-bearing end face 205 of the shovel, and the other end of the lever is hingedly arranged with the triangular steel bracket 209; when the tractor moves forward, the force is transmitted to the large shovel through the steel rod to achieve the function of plowing and turning the soil. The steel rod is fixedly connected to the end of the large shovel, and the connection with the bracket with tires is rotatable, because the large plow is easy to rotate when the hydraulic arm is raised.

[0061] The telescopic hydraulic arm 206 has two ends which are respectively hinged to a triangular steel support 209 and a shovel force-bearing end face 205 .

[0062] When the tractor encounters a boundary during operation, it needs to lift the large plow from the soil, turn around, install a telescopic hydraulic arm 206 on the large shovel, take the large plow out of the soil, and adjust the digging depth through the mechanical arm.

[0063] One end is fixedly connected to the shovel, and the other end is rotatably connected to the triangular steel frame with tires. When the telescopic hydraulic arm 206 is retracted, the large plow is lifted out of the soil, and when the telescopic hydraulic arm 206 is extended, the large plow is inserted into the soil. The hydraulic oil pipeline connected to the thicker end steel cylinder of the telescopic rod is connected to the hydraulic pump of the forklift, and the forklift controls the telescopic hydraulic arm 206 by controlling the hydraulic pump.

[0064] A fertilizer layer is placed in the middle of the long side of the trapezoidal steel frame. After digging out the soil layer, one end of the fertilizer layer is placed in the soil layer. After compacting the soil, the fertilizer layer is placed on the bearing and rotated to achieve continuous paving.

[0065] Preferably, the force-bearing end face 205 of the shovel is an "S"-shaped structure, which facilitates the large plow to be inserted into the soil, and the soil is turned out and temporarily stays on the shovel to form a space, which is convenient for the layer laying device. In order to achieve the problem of fertilizer layer breaking sometimes in the process of continuous laying, 3 or 2 steel wires or iron wires can be added after the fertilizer layer is processed, and the steel wires are wound around the motor shaft installed on the laying machine for recycling, which can be done by modifying an ordinary tractor into a manipulator.

[0066] In the process of continuous paving, the layer device sometimes fails to reach the predetermined depth. In this case, a "U"-shaped steel rod can be installed on the paving machine to guide the layer device to reach the required paving depth.

[0067] When laying the layer device, the rotation speed of the trapezoidal long side axis of the layer device will affect the laying quality. The solution is to install an elastic belt on the rotating axis to accelerate the rotation of the axis.

[0068] Preferably, a connecting buckle 210 is provided at the position where the triangular steel bracket 209 is connected to the external driving power source, and the triangular steel bracket 209 is connected to the external driving power source through the connecting buckle 210 .

[0069] Preferably, the placement rod is rotatably mounted on a trapezoidal steel frame 204 .

[0070] Preferably, the length of the force-bearing end surface 205 of the shovel is 2.2 m and the width is 1 m.

[0071] A production process for a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity and alkalinity comprises the following steps:

[0072] S1. The raw material wheat straw is crushed by a crusher 402 and crushed into 3-5 cm lumps; the mechanical structure of the crushed straw is a blade-shaped crushing gear 403 connected to the motor bearing,

[0073] S2, conveying the lumps in S1 to the first stirring tank 404, adding adhesive to the first stirring tank 404, stirring the lumps and adhesive in the tank; the motor 405 conveying corn starch adhesive conveys the adhesive into the stirring tank, and stirs it in the first stirring tank 404. The bioadhesive is made of corn starch because it is low in cost and environmentally friendly. The straw and the adhesive are mixed in the best ratio. The adhesive made of corn starch is preferred. The adhesive made of wheat starch is not recommended. Corn is the main industrial food, and wheat and rice are the main food. Other harmless chemical and biological adhesives can replace the adhesive made of corn starch.

[0074] S3, conveying the knot-like object coated with the adhesive to the first extruder 407 through the first conveyor belt 406 for extrusion operation;

[0075] S4, conveying the layered knots that have completed the extrusion operation to the first high-temperature steam device 408 through a conveyor belt for sterilization, thereby forming a straw layer 103;

[0076] S5. The wood is fed into the sealed carbonization furnace 502 through the feed port 501 for carbonization treatment. The charcoal after carbonization enters the second crusher 402 for crushing. For making charcoal, bamboo is the best choice for processing raw materials. You can also choose fruit tree wood with a harder texture, such as walnut. In order to reduce production costs, suitable local wood, such as poplar, willow, and poplar, is selected instead.

[0077] Charcoal is used to improve soil in flower and vegetable planting, but is less used in field planting. With the development of society, rural housing construction and heating no longer require a large amount of wood. Due to the low price of wood, idle wood is randomly piled up, and fire problems occasionally occur. Adhere to the principle of turning waste into treasure, select idle wood to improve saline-alkali soil, add wood to straw layer device after carbonization, and the antioxidant property of charcoal increases the service life of the layer device. Charcoal itself has a rich pore structure, has a strong adsorption effect, and also has the ability to inhibit bacteria and pests in the soil. Charcoal and straw have similar physical structures, and their main components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which have similar effects in separating saline-alkali molecules.

[0078] S6. The charcoal powder in S5 is transported to the second mixing tank 504, and straw powder is added to the second mixing tank 504. The charcoal powder and the straw powder are mixed in the mixing tank at a mass ratio of 7:3. The charcoal and the straw are mixed in the mixing tank at a mass ratio of 7:3. More charcoal than straw is conducive to being buried in the soil. The upper soil is squeezed under the action of gravity. The charcoal is harder than the straw. The charcoal support layer device undergoes less deformation, which reduces the damage to the soil due to deformation and the impact of reduced crop yields.

[0079] S7, sending the charcoal and straw mixture stirred in S6 into the second extruder 506 for extrusion, forming a compressed plate after extrusion, and sending the compressed plate into the second high-temperature steam device 507 for sterilization;

[0080] S8, repeat the process of S4 to produce two straw layers 103, place the compressed plate dried in S7 between the two straw layers 103, extrude them in the third extruder 510, and finally sterilize them in the third high-temperature steam device 511.

[0081] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the straw layer 103 sterilized in S4 is dried by a second high-temperature steam device 507 or dried naturally.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity, characterized in that: include: A mixed layer, wherein the mixed layer is a layered structure formed by mixing straw and charcoal; The straw layer includes a first straw layer and a second straw layer, and the first straw layer and the second straw layer are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the mixed layer respectively; wherein, In the mixed layer, the mass of charcoal accounts for 70% and the mass of straw accounts for 30%.

2. The fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity and alkalinity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw layer is wheat straw or rice straw.

3. A landfill device for improving soil salinity and alkalinity fertilizer layer, characterized in that: include: A triangular steel bracket, wherein one vertex end of the triangular steel bracket is connected to a driving power source; Rubber tires, two of which are provided at the other end of the triangular steel support; A trapezoidal steel frame, the trapezoidal steel frame is fixedly connected to the triangular steel support, and the trapezoidal steel frame is provided with a placement rod for rolling up and placing the fertilizer layer; and An adjustable shovel is hingedly arranged on the triangular steel support.

4. The landfill device for improving soil salinity and alkalinity fertilizer layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shovel comprises: A force-bearing end surface of a shovel, wherein the force-bearing end surface of the shovel is arranged between the two rubber tires; A steel rod, one end of which is fixed to the stress-bearing end surface of the shovel, and the other end of which is hinged to a triangular steel bracket; A telescopic hydraulic arm, wherein both ends of the telescopic hydraulic arm are respectively hinged to a triangular steel support and a stress-bearing end surface of a shovel.

5. The landfill device for improving soil salinity and alkalinity of fertilizer layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stress-bearing end surface of the shovel is an "S"-shaped structure.

6. The landfill device for improving soil salinity and alkalinity of fertilizer layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting buckle is provided at the position where the triangular steel bracket is connected to the external driving power source, and the triangular steel bracket is connected to the external driving power source through the connecting buckle.

7. The landfill device for improving soil salinity and alkalinity of fertilizer layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The placing rod is rotatably arranged on the trapezoidal steel frame.

8. The landfill device for improving soil salinity and alkalinity fertilizer layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the stress-bearing end face of the shovel is 2.2 m, and the width is 1 m.

9. A production process for a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. The raw material wheat straw is crushed by a crusher and crushed into 3-5 cm lumps; S2, transporting the lumps in S1 to a first stirring tank, adding an adhesive to the first stirring tank, and stirring the lumps and the adhesive in the tank; S3, conveying the knot-like object coated with the adhesive to the first extruder through the first conveyor belt for extrusion operation; S4, conveying the layered knots that have completed the extrusion operation to a first high-temperature steam device through a conveyor belt for sterilization, thereby forming a straw layer; S5, feeding the wood into the sealed carbonization furnace through the feed port for carbonization treatment, and the charcoal after carbonization enters the second pulverizer for pulverization; S6, conveying the charcoal powder in S5 to a second stirring tank, and adding straw powder to the second stirring tank, wherein the mass ratio of the charcoal powder to the straw powder is 7:3, and mixing them in the stirring tank; S7, sending the charcoal and straw mixture stirred in S6 into a second extruder for extrusion, forming a compressed plate after extrusion, and sending the compressed plate into a second high-temperature steam device for sterilization; S8, repeat the process of S4 to produce two straw layers, place the compressed plate dried in S7 between the two straw layers, extrude them in a third extruder, and finally sterilize them in a third high-temperature steam device.

10. The process for producing a fertilizer layer for improving soil salinity and alkalinity according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sterilized straw layer in S4 is dried by a second high-temperature steam device or dried naturally.

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