Hydrogen leakage disposal method and rapid linkage response platform thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen leakage, in particular to a hydrogen leakage disposal method and a rapid linkage response platform thereof.The hydrogen leakage disposal method comprises the steps that the hydrogen concentration in air in a target space is continuously obtained; when the obtained hydrogen concentration exceeds a set threshold value, ventilation is started; the ventilation method comprises the steps that air in the target space is discharged outwards according to the set ventilation flow, and meanwhile fresh air is introduced into the target space. According to the method for triggering ventilation after concentration-threshold value rapid study and judgment, hydrogen leakage is responded in time, and emergency disposal is efficient; the method for calculating the critical ventilation flow through experimental conditions can be widely applied to similar hydrogen-related places, the critical ventilation flow under specific leakage conditions can be quickly determined, and quantitative reference is provided for ventilation configuration of accidental hydrogen leakage accidents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen leakage, and in particular to a hydrogen leakage disposal method and a rapid linkage response platform thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, fire and explosion accidents caused by hydrogen leakage have occurred frequently at home and abroad. Most of the accidents occurred in the hydrogen production and storage links of the hydrogen energy industry. Among them, trace hydrogen leakage is very likely to occur at the sealed joints of various hydrogen storage devices. Due to the low density and difficulty in diffusion of hydrogen, the dangerous points of hydrogen leakage in indoor closed spaces are more dangerous. If the gas accumulates in the indoor closed space after leakage, and emergency measures such as ventilation and dilution are not carried out in time, it is very easy to cause fire and explosion accidents.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to realize the hydrogen leakage detection and ventilation device linkage response technology of the target space hydrogen storage equipment. China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute has invented a hydrogen leakage alarm device with detection function for hydrogen production stations. It detects hydrogen leakage through hydrogen leakage detection and controls the linkage response of the alarm device, but it cannot effectively avoid unsafe human behavior and has high personnel costs; Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology has invented a hydrogen leakage ventilation system and method for hydrogen-powered aircraft in response to aircraft liquid hydrogen leakage scenarios, but lacks system design for gas hydrogen leakage scenarios and emergency disposal; Tongji University uses the hazard source identification method to quickly warn of trace hydrogen leakage, but the hydrogen leakage detection system is single and the emergency disposal after the leakage is delayed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the above or prior art such as untimely response to hydrogen leakage, low emergency disposal efficiency or high disposal cost, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for handling hydrogen leakage.

[0007] In order to solve the technical problem, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for handling hydrogen leakage, comprising:

[0008] Continuously obtain the hydrogen concentration in the air in the target space;

[0009] When the obtained hydrogen concentration exceeds the set threshold, ventilation is started;

[0010] The ventilation method comprises:

[0011] The air in the target space is discharged to the outside at the set ventilation flow rate, and fresh air is introduced into the target space at the same time.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage treatment method of the present invention, the step of continuously obtaining the hydrogen concentration in the air in the target space includes:

[0013] A plurality of groups of sensors for detecting hydrogen concentration are evenly arranged at equal intervals in the target space; or / and,

[0014] Several groups of sensors for detecting hydrogen concentration are arranged near the hydrogen leakage source in the target space;

[0015] The hydrogen concentration measured by each group of sensors is continuously obtained, and the maximum hydrogen concentration value is selected for comparison with the set threshold.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage treatment method of the present invention, the set threshold value of the hydrogen concentration is 4000 PPM.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage treatment method of the present invention, wherein: the ventilation flow rate is a critical ventilation flow rate based on the balance between ventilation cost and effective ventilation time;

[0018] The ventilation cost is based on the purchase and maintenance cost of the ventilation equipment, and the effective ventilation time is the shortest time for the hydrogen concentration to drop below a set threshold.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage treatment method of the present invention, the calculation formula of the effective ventilation time is:

[0020]

[0021] Where, t * is the dimensionless effective ventilation time, t is the effective ventilation time based on each ventilation cost experimental condition, and t m is the maximum ventilation time, Q is the ventilation flow rate, Q m is the maximum ventilation flow rate, Q * =Q / Q m is the dimensionless ventilation flow rate, α>0, β>0, α and β are the coefficients of the natural exponential function of the effective ventilation time varying with the ventilation flow rate;

[0022] The relationship between dimensionless ventilation cost and ventilation flow rate is expressed by an exponential function:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, C *is the dimensionless ventilation cost, γ (γ>10 is the basis of the exponential function;

[0025] The critical ventilation criterion that couples dimensionless effective ventilation time and ventilation cost is introduced:

[0026]

[0027] Where M I is the critical ventilation criterion, M I Q at the maximum value is the critical ventilation flow rate.

[0028] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage treatment method of the present invention, the calculation formula of the effective ventilation time is:

[0029]

[0030] Where, t * is the dimensionless effective ventilation time, t is the effective ventilation time based on each ventilation cost experimental condition, and t m is the maximum ventilation time, k 1 (k 1 <0) and b 1 are the slope and intercept of the linear relationship between effective ventilation time and ventilation flow rate;

[0031] The dimensionless ventilation cost depends on the ventilation flow rate:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, k 2 (k 2 >0) is the slope of the linear relationship between ventilation cost and ventilation flow rate,

[0034] Among them, the critical ventilation criterion is:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, K 1 k 2 <0,M Ⅱ Q at the maximum value is the critical ventilation flow rate.

[0037] The hydrogen leakage treatment method of the present invention has beneficial effects: the present invention uses a method of triggering ventilation after rapid concentration-threshold analysis, which can respond to hydrogen leakage in a timely manner and achieve efficient emergency treatment; and proposes a critical ventilation flow rate, and a method for calculating the critical ventilation flow rate through experimental conditions, which can be widely used in similar hydrogen-related places, is conducive to quickly determining the critical ventilation flow rate under specific leakage conditions, and provides a quantitative reference for the ventilation configuration of accidental hydrogen leakage accidents.

[0038] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform, which is applicable to the above method, and comprises:

[0039] A closed cabin is used to simulate the target space for actual hydrogen leakage and diffusion;

[0040] A gas supply module, used to deliver hydrogen to a closed chamber to simulate hydrogen leakage in the target space;

[0041] A ventilation module for exhausting hydrogen-containing air from the enclosed compartment and introducing fresh air; and,

[0042] The data acquisition module is used to collect the hydrogen concentration data in the closed cabin and send a start signal to the ventilation module.

[0043] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform described in the present invention, the gas supply module includes a hydrogen storage cabin, a nozzle arranged in a closed cabin and connected to the output end of the hydrogen storage cabin, and a valve assembly arranged between the nozzle and the hydrogen storage cabin for controlling the hydrogen flow rate.

[0044] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform described in the present invention, the ventilation module includes a ventilation duct connected to the closed cabin, a fan for driving the gas to flow from the closed cabin to the outside through the ventilation duct, and an air inlet arranged on one side of the closed cabin, and external fresh air enters the closed cabin through the air inlet.

[0045] As a preferred solution of the hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform of the present invention, wherein: the data acquisition module includes a hydrogen detector arranged in a closed cabin, and a data processing component connected between the hydrogen detector and the fan through an electrical signal;

[0046] The hydrogen detector transmits the measured hydrogen concentration data to the data processing component in real time. The data processing component receives and analyzes the hydrogen concentration data. When the hydrogen concentration reaches a set threshold, the data processing component sends a start signal to the fan.

[0047] Beneficial effects of a hydrogen leak rapid linkage response platform of the present invention: The present invention develops a hydrogen leak rapid linkage response and intelligent disposal platform based on an advanced hydrogen leak optical fiber detection system and a hydrogen leak negative pressure ventilation response system, ensuring that when a hydrogen leak occurs in a space, the optical fiber detection system can quickly respond to the hydrogen concentration, and at the same time, after a rapid concentration-threshold analysis, the negative pressure ventilation system is immediately triggered to quickly discharge the leaked hydrogen and introduce fresh air to effectively dilute the hydrogen in the space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0049] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main solution process of the critical ventilation flow rate of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the target space for simulating hydrogen leakage according to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the relationship between effective ventilation time and ventilation flow rate in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the changing trend of the critical ventilation criterion function in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the relationship between effective ventilation time and ventilation flow rate in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the changing trend of the critical ventilation criterion function in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the change trend of critical ventilation flow rate under different leakage conditions of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of a hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform according to Example 5 of the present invention.

[0057] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first test of the sub-second hydrogen detector used in Example 5 of the present invention to detect the response time of hydrogen concentration.

[0058] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the second test of the sub-second hydrogen detector used in Example 5 of the present invention to detect the response time of hydrogen concentration.

[0059] Fig.11 The present invention provides a program design for the rapid linkage response process of hydrogen leakage in Example 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0061] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0062] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] The first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for handling hydrogen leakage, which includes: continuously obtaining the hydrogen concentration in the air in the target space, and when the obtained hydrogen concentration exceeds a set threshold, exhausting the air in the target space to the outside at a set ventilation flow rate, and introducing fresh air into the target space at the same time. The hydrogen-containing gas in the target space is diluted to achieve the effect of reducing the hydrogen concentration in the air in the target space.

[0065] Specifically, continuously acquiring the hydrogen concentration in the air in the target space can be achieved by using a sensor for detecting the hydrogen concentration. As for the installation position of the hydrogen sensor, multiple groups can be evenly arranged at equal intervals in the target space. The uniform distribution in quantity and space is beneficial to acquiring the overall hydrogen concentration level in the entire target space, rather than being limited to the local hydrogen concentration at a certain position in the target space.

[0066] Furthermore, it is also possible to choose to set up sensors for detecting hydrogen concentration near the hydrogen leakage source in the target space, and the number of sensors can also be multiple groups, such as evenly distributed around the hydrogen leakage source, which is beneficial for rapid detection when leakage occurs and plays a rapid response effect. Hydrogen leakage sources include but are not limited to hydrogen storage equipment, transportation and circulation equipment, etc. Any location where hydrogen leakage is likely to occur can be identified as a hydrogen leakage source.

[0067] In this embodiment, multiple groups of hydrogen sensors are evenly arranged at equal intervals in the target space and near the hydrogen leakage source, and the hydrogen sensors are combined with optical fibers to prepare hydrogen sensor probes. After the sensor detects the hydrogen concentration, it is convenient to transmit data to the ventilation equipment, thereby facilitating the activation of ventilation after the concentration exceeds the set threshold.

[0068] Preferably, the hydrogen concentration measured by each group of sensors is continuously obtained, and the maximum hydrogen concentration value is selected for comparison with the set threshold value, so that ventilation can be triggered for the situation of local hydrogen gathering caused by uneven air circulation, and the risk of local hydrogen concentration exceeding the threshold value can be prevented. Since hydrogen will diffuse rapidly after leakage, a potential explosive mixture is formed, and the diffusion process is invisible to the naked eye. The flammable limit of hydrogen in air at normal temperature and pressure is 4%-75% (volume fraction). GB50516-2010 "Technical Specifications for Hydrogen Refueling Stations" stipulates that the hydrogen concentration over-limit alarm device installed in places where hydrogen is prone to leakage should trigger an alarm when the hydrogen content in the air reaches 0.4% (volume fraction). Therefore, the threshold value of the hydrogen concentration in this embodiment is set to 4000PPM, so that the hydrogen concentration level in the target space is lower than the flammable limit after treatment.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a critical ventilation flow rate as the ventilation flow rate of the ventilation equipment, which is based on a balance between ventilation cost and effective ventilation time, that is, through a given ventilation flow rate range of the ventilation equipment, while quickly ventilating to reduce the hydrogen concentration to below the risk concentration, it also takes into account the critical ventilation flow rate that reduces the cost of the ventilation equipment, so that after the hydrogen concentration exceeds the set threshold, the ventilation flow rate of the ventilation equipment is set to the critical ventilation flow rate value, so that in the event of a hydrogen leakage accident, the hydrogen concentration can be quickly, effectively and with low cost reduced to below the risk concentration.

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the simulated target space is made of aluminum plate material, with a wall thickness of 12mm, an internal space of length×width×height=2m×1m×1m, and a total weight of 0.4 tons. A movable or lifting bracket is installed under the cabin, and the sides are respectively an observation window (tempered glass material) and a cabin door (personnel operation entrance). This embodiment simulates the situation of horizontal hydrogen leakage, so a special micro-hole nozzle 202 is installed at the center of one side of the cabin, and hydrogen is sprayed into the internal space through the nozzle 202 and diffused to the surroundings.

[0072] For flammable and explosive hazardous gas environments, this embodiment adopts the negative pressure ventilation method recommended by the national standard, and selects a maximum air volume of 180m 3 / h fan, in order to increase the ventilation area, the ventilation duct 301 is connected to a rectangular ventilation duct with a size of 0.3m×0.9m. In addition, the hydrogen detector 401 adopts a pump-suction hydrogen detector, which forms a negative pressure at the local measuring point through the hose at the bottom of the target space and the internal stainless steel pipe. The hydrogen is sucked into the detector by the pump and the concentration value is displayed after detection.

[0073] In practice, hydrogen leakage often triggers the safety control system to cut off the leakage source, and the capacity of the leaking tank is limited, so hydrogen cannot be released for a long time in real environment. In this implementation, in order to simulate the hydrogen leakage in real environment, it is assumed that the hydrogen leakage is blocked after 30 seconds, and the negative pressure ventilation system is immediately started and continues to work for 130 seconds. That is, hydrogen leakage is divided into two stages: hydrogen high-speed leakage and hydrogen ventilation treatment.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, the simulation experiment process only controls the nozzle 202 diameter, leakage pressure and ventilation flow rate, in order to obtain the critical ventilation flow rate under different leakage pressures. The experimental scheme is shown in Table 1:

[0075] Table 1 Hydrogen leakage ventilation test conditions

[0076]

[0077] Furthermore, this embodiment selects the first measuring point closest to the nozzle to obtain the characteristic concentration in order to obtain a larger concentration change. The shortest time from the start of ventilation to the characteristic concentration dropping to 4% is the effective ventilation time; in the high-speed gas leakage stage, the volume fraction of hydrogen increases sharply; after triggering the ventilation system, the hydrogen concentration continues to rise along the original trend, and after a delay of a few seconds, the hydrogen concentration drops sharply. This phenomenon is related to the delayed response of the hydrogen detector. It is worth noting that the sharp drop in hydrogen concentration occurs almost only within 14 seconds after the ventilation system is started. After 14 seconds of ventilation, the rate of decrease in hydrogen concentration obviously decreases gradually. The study proposed two effects to explain the concentration changes.

[0078] Among them, in the early stage of ventilation treatment, stopping the supply of hydrogen will cause the hydrogen concentration to drop sharply. At this time, the leakage blocking effect is dominant, and the concentration data under each ventilation flow rate is highly consistent; in the later stage of ventilation treatment, with the turbulent diffusion of the gas, the decrease in the hydrogen concentration at the measuring point is effectively alleviated. At this time, the ventilation effect is dominant, and the concentration data under each ventilation flow condition are obviously separated at this stage. In the later stage of ventilation treatment, as the ventilation flow rate increases, the hydrogen concentration drops faster.

[0079] In addition, as the leakage pressure and nozzle diameter increase, the peak concentration of the measuring point gradually increases, which is mainly due to the surge in hydrogen leakage per unit time. As the ventilation flow rate increases, the effective ventilation time is significantly improved, which is manifested by the downward movement of the distribution of data points.

[0080] At the end of the high-speed leakage stage, a considerable amount of hydrogen has accumulated in the space. For a specific leakage condition, a critical ventilation flow rate needs to be obtained to balance the ventilation effect and ventilation cost. Figure 1The main solution process of critical ventilation flow is shown. Experimental data is used as data input, the characteristic concentration is determined as the concentration of the local measuring point in the space, the acceptable risk level is set as the lower limit of hydrogen combustion, and the ventilation cost depends on the change of ventilation flow. The ventilation effect is quantitatively described by introducing effective ventilation time. The effective ventilation time is defined as the shortest time for the characteristic concentration to drop below the acceptable risk level. The effective ventilation time and ventilation cost are respectively fitted as functions with ventilation flow as the independent variable. Finally, the critical ventilation flow criterion is obtained by function coupling, and its maximum value is the critical ventilation flow.

[0081] The rest of the method is the same as in Example 1.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] Reference Figure 1-Figure 4 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a method for calculating the critical ventilation flow rate, such as Figure 3 As shown in (a), the horizontal axis (Ventilation flow rate): ventilation flow rate; the vertical axis (Ventilation effect): ventilation effect; the curve label (Ventilation effect): ventilation effect, (Effective ventilation time): effective ventilation time. The ventilation flow rate significantly enhances the ventilation effect, and this enhancement effect is significantly constrained at a higher ventilation flow rate, and the corresponding effective ventilation time gradually decreases from fast to slow. Figure 3 In (b), the horizontal axis (Ventilation flow rate) is ventilation flow rate, and the vertical axis (Ventilation cost) is ventilation cost. In this embodiment, since the increase of ventilation flow rate at a high level means the exponential increase of the purchase and maintenance cost of the fan, the ventilation cost shows an exponential growth trend with the change of ventilation flow rate.

[0084] Specifically, considering the difference in variable units, it is necessary to perform dimensionless processing without changing the assumed variable correlation. For this embodiment, the relationship between the effective ventilation time and the ventilation flow rate is approximately a natural exponential function, and the dimensionless effective ventilation time is calculated as:

[0085]

[0086] Where, t * is the dimensionless effective ventilation time, t is the effective ventilation time based on each ventilation cost experimental condition, and t m is the maximum ventilation time, Q is the ventilation flow rate, Q m is the maximum ventilation flow rate, Q * =Q / Q mis the dimensionless ventilation flow rate, α>0, β>0, α and β are the coefficients of the natural exponential function of the effective ventilation time varying with the ventilation flow rate;

[0087] Furthermore, the relationship between dimensionless ventilation cost and ventilation flow rate is expressed by an exponential function:

[0088]

[0089] In the formula, C * is the dimensionless ventilation cost, γ (γ>10 is the basis of the exponential function;

[0090] Preferably, under the condition of a certain ventilation effect, it is necessary to obtain the critical ventilation flow rate by constraining the ventilation cost, and the problem of determining the critical ventilation flow rate is transformed into a problem of solving the extreme value under the constraint conditions. The critical ventilation criterion coupling the dimensionless effective ventilation time and ventilation cost is introduced:

[0091]

[0092] Where M I is the critical ventilation criterion, M I Q at the maximum value is the critical ventilation flow rate, refer to Figure 4 , M I At the critical ventilation flow rate Q cr reaches the maximum value.

[0093] The rest of the method is the same as in Example 2.

[0094] Example 4

[0095] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 , Figure 5-Figure 7 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment provides another method for calculating the critical ventilation flow rate. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment 3 linearizes the curve in embodiment 2, such as Figure 5 As shown, at this time, the ventilation effect, effective ventilation time and ventilation cost of the ventilation equipment are linearly related to the ventilation flow rate.

[0096] Specifically, the calculation formula for effective ventilation time is:

[0097]

[0098] Where, t * is the dimensionless effective ventilation time, t is the effective ventilation time based on each ventilation cost experimental condition, and t m is the maximum ventilation time, k 1 (k 1 <0) and b 1 They are respectively Figure 5The slope and intercept of the linear relationship between effective ventilation time and ventilation flow rate are shown;

[0099] Furthermore, the dimensionless ventilation cost depends on the ventilation flow rate:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, k 2 (k 2 >0) is as follows Figure 5 The slope of the linear relationship between ventilation cost and ventilation flow rate is shown as follows,

[0102] Among them, the critical ventilation criterion is:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, k 1 k 2 <0. Obviously, the critical ventilation criterion is a quadratic function of the dimensionless ventilation flow rate. Figure 6 In the example, the function curve is a parabola opening downward, and the maximum value of the function is:

[0105]

[0106] That is the dimensionless critical ventilation flow rate to be determined. It is proved that Q cr Only with t * The function parameters of M II Q at the maximum value is the critical ventilation flow rate.

[0107] The rest of the method is the same as in Example 2.

[0108] The simulation experimental data is discrete and cannot cover all ventilation flow rates. Neither the exhaustive method nor the approximate method is suitable for solving the ventilation flow rate of the maximum critical ventilation criterion. Therefore, the function parameters are fitted through limited experimental data to predict the critical ventilation flow rate. For experimental data from limited monitoring points, the characteristic concentration has certain limitations and cannot reflect the overall level of hydrogen concentration in the space.

[0109] Accordingly, using the average concentration of multiple monitoring points to characterize the hydrogen risk level in the space will achieve better results. Of course, this will also lead to differences between the results of the effective ventilation time and the experimental value. It is necessary to use a suitable critical ventilation flow calculation method (M I or M Ⅱ ), for data results that do not meet the two assumptions, you can choose to fit the dimensionless effective ventilation time (the independent variable is the dimensionless ventilation flow rate), and there is an intersection between the fitting image and the dimensionless ventilation cost change curve, which is the dimensionless critical ventilation flow rate. As shown in Table 2, the linear fitting parameters under different experimental conditions are:

[0110] Table 2 Linear fitting parameters under different experimental conditions

[0111]

[0112] The critical ventilation flow rate under different leakage conditions is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the horizontal axis is stagnation pressure (MPa), the vertical axis is critical ventilation flow (m 3 / h). For a given nozzle diameter, the critical ventilation flow rate increases significantly under higher leakage pressure, and the critical ventilation flow rate is positively correlated with the nozzle diameter. When the leakage pressure is 0.4MPa, the critical ventilation flow rate of the 4mm nozzle leakage condition is even 52% higher than that of the 2mm nozzle leakage condition. The critical ventilation flow rate calculated above is only applicable to the experimental conditions of this study, but this calculation method can be widely used in similar hydrogen-related places, which is conducive to quickly determining the critical ventilation flow rate under specific leakage conditions and providing a quantitative reference for the ventilation configuration of accidental hydrogen leakage accidents.

[0113] Example 5

[0114] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 8-Figure 11 , which is the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Different from the other embodiments, this embodiment provides a hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform, which is applicable to the above-mentioned hydrogen leakage disposal method and can be used for experimental research on ventilation response of hydrogen leakage diffusion. The response platform is mainly composed of a closed cabin 100, an air supply module 200, a ventilation module 300 and a data acquisition module 400. The closed cabin 100 is used to simulate the indoor space of actual hydrogen leakage and diffusion. The air supply module 200 is used to transport hydrogen to the closed cabin 100 to simulate the leakage of hydrogen in the target space. The ventilation module 300 is used to discharge hydrogen-containing air in the closed cabin 100 and input fresh air. The negative pressure fan and the speed regulator are used to adjust different exhaust air volumes. The data acquisition module 400 is used to collect hydrogen concentration data in the closed cabin 100 and send a start signal to the ventilation module 300 after the concentration reaches the set threshold.

[0115] Specifically, the gas supply module 200 includes a hydrogen storage capsule 201, a nozzle 202 disposed in the sealed chamber 100 and connected to the output end of the hydrogen storage capsule 201, and a valve assembly 203 disposed between the nozzle 202 and the hydrogen storage capsule 201 for controlling the flow rate of hydrogen. The main structure of the sealed chamber 100 and the ventilation duct 301 are made of high-quality carbon steel. The top of the sealed chamber 100 is connected to the rectangular ventilation duct 301b by welding. A special microporous nozzle 202 is installed on one side of the sealed chamber 100. The hydrogen ventilation duct 301b is connected to the top of the sealed chamber 100 by welding. The hydrogen storage chamber 201 is used for hydrogen supply. The hydrogen storage chamber 201 and the nozzle 202 are connected with a hydrogen pipeline. The valve assembly 203 includes a first pressure reducing valve 203a, a solenoid valve 203b and a ball valve 203c. The solenoid valve 203b is installed on the hydrogen pipeline after the first pressure reducing valve 203a. The nozzle 202 is connected to the hydrogen storage chamber 201 through the hydrogen pipeline. The ball valve 203c is installed at the downstream pipeline of the hydrogen pipeline to control the hydrogen flow rate.

[0116] Furthermore, the ventilation module 300 includes a ventilation duct 301 connected to the closed cabin 100, a fan 302 for driving gas to flow from the inside of the closed cabin 100 to the outside through the ventilation duct 301, and an air inlet 303 provided on one side of the closed cabin 100, and external fresh air enters the closed cabin 100 through the air inlet 303. The fan 302 is provided with a speed regulator 302a to adjust the ventilation flow rate, the ventilation duct 301 includes a main exhaust duct 301a and a rectangular ventilation duct 301b, and the air inlet 303 can be a natural ventilation air inlet or a one-way air inlet, which automatically replenishes external fresh air when negative pressure is generated by air extraction in the cabin.

[0117] The platform test uses pure hydrogen to simulate an indoor hydrogen leakage scenario. The leakage time is set to 0.3s. Hydrogen leaks into the interior space of the cabin through the hydrogen microporous nozzle 202 and diffuses to the surroundings to simulate a trace leakage of hydrogen in an indoor environment.

[0118] Among them, the data acquisition module 400 includes a hydrogen detector 401 arranged in the closed cabin 100, and a data processing component 402 connected between the hydrogen detector 401 and the fan 302 through electrical signals; the hydrogen detector 401 transmits the measured hydrogen concentration data to the data processing component 402 in real time, and the data processing component 402 receives and analyzes the hydrogen concentration data. When the hydrogen concentration reaches a set threshold, the data processing component 402 sends a start signal to the fan 302. The data processing component 402 is composed of a demodulator 402a, an optical fiber monitoring terminal 402b and a programmable logic controller 402c connected by leisure or wireless network signals.

[0119] like Figure 9-10As shown, in this embodiment, the hydrogen detector 401 used can achieve a sub-second response to 0.4% hydrogen at room temperature, and the T90 response time to 4000ppm hydrogen at room temperature can reach less than 0.6 seconds, realizing reliable detection of 10ppm hydrogen. The hydrogen detector 401 is arranged at a position 32cm away from the nozzle 202 outlet on the jet axis. After hydrogen leaks from the nozzle 202, the hydrogen detector 401 senses hydrogen in a very short time, and transmits the data to the optical fiber monitoring terminal 402b through the demodulator 402a, outputs and displays the hydrogen concentration in real time, and when the concentration reaches the set threshold, the terminal outputs a switch signal with a value of 1 to the programmable logic controller 402c through the serial port debugging panel. At the same time as receiving the signal, the fan 302 is triggered to respond, and the hydrogen in the space is quickly discharged in a negative pressure exhaust manner, and fresh air is introduced, and the linkage response time is 0.6s.

[0120] like Fig.11 As shown, the code of the programmable logic controller is roughly divided into two parts: one is the switch signal output setting, and the other is the fiber optic monitoring system channel signal output setting. The former is used to check whether the output signal is greater than 4000. If the value of any signal is greater than this threshold, it outputs "1", otherwise it outputs "0". The latter calculates the reference value in the initialization stage, and outputs the result after adjusting the output signal. When the output value of the programmable logic controller is a "1" switch signal, the fan 302 triggers a response. At the same time, for flammable and explosive hazardous gas environments, the experiment uses negative pressure ventilation to quickly exhaust the hydrogen in the space by negative pressure exhaust and introduce fresh air. The maximum air volume of fan 302 is 180m 3 / h, the linkage response time is 0.6s.

[0121] The remaining structures are the same as those in Example 2.

[0122] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0123] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0124] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0125] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for handling hydrogen leakage, characterized in that: include, Continuously obtain the hydrogen concentration in the air in the target space; When the obtained hydrogen concentration exceeds the set threshold, ventilation is started; The ventilation method comprises: The air in the target space is discharged to the outside at the set ventilation flow rate, and fresh air is introduced into the target space at the same time.

2. The method for handling hydrogen leakage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuously obtaining the hydrogen concentration in the air in the target space includes: A plurality of groups of sensors for detecting hydrogen concentration are evenly arranged at equal intervals in the target space; or / and, Several groups of sensors for detecting hydrogen concentration are arranged near the hydrogen leakage source in the target space; The hydrogen concentration measured by each group of sensors is continuously obtained, and the maximum hydrogen concentration value is selected for comparison with the set threshold.

3. The method for handling hydrogen leakage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The set threshold value of the hydrogen concentration is 4000 PPM.

4. The method for handling hydrogen leakage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The ventilation flow rate is a critical ventilation flow rate based on a balance between ventilation cost and effective ventilation time; The ventilation cost is based on the purchase and maintenance cost of the ventilation equipment, and the effective ventilation time is the shortest time for the hydrogen concentration to drop below a set threshold.

5. The method for handling hydrogen leakage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the effective ventilation time is: Where, t * is the dimensionless effective ventilation time, t is the effective ventilation time based on each ventilation cost experimental condition, and t m is the maximum ventilation time, Q is the ventilation flow rate, Q m is the maximum ventilation flow rate, Q * =Q / Q m is the dimensionless ventilation flow rate, α>0, β>0, α and β are the coefficients of the natural exponential function of the effective ventilation time varying with the ventilation flow rate; The relationship between dimensionless ventilation cost and ventilation flow rate is expressed by an exponential function: In the formula, C * is the dimensionless ventilation cost, γ (γ>1) is the basis of the exponential function; The critical ventilation criterion that couples dimensionless effective ventilation time and ventilation cost is introduced: Where M Ⅰ is the critical ventilation criterion, M Ⅰ Q at the maximum value is the critical ventilation flow rate.

6. The method for handling hydrogen leakage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the effective ventilation time is: Where, t * is the dimensionless effective ventilation time, t is the effective ventilation time based on each ventilation cost experimental condition, and t m is the maximum ventilation time, k1 (k1<0) and b1 are the slope and intercept of the linear relationship between effective ventilation time and ventilation flow rate; The dimensionless ventilation cost depends on the ventilation flow rate: Where k2 (k2>0) is the slope of the linear relationship between ventilation cost and ventilation flow rate. Among them, the critical ventilation criterion is: In the formula, k1k2<0, M Ⅱ Q at the maximum value is the critical ventilation flow rate.

7. A hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform, characterized by: The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 above, wherein the platform comprises: A closed cabin (100) is used to simulate the target space of actual hydrogen leakage and diffusion; A gas supply module (200) is used to deliver hydrogen to the sealed cabin (100) to simulate leakage of hydrogen in a target space; a ventilation module (300) for discharging hydrogen-containing air from the sealed chamber (100) and inputting fresh air; and The data acquisition module (400) is used to collect hydrogen concentration data in the closed cabin (100) and send a start signal to the ventilation module (300).

8. The hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gas supply module (200) comprises a hydrogen storage chamber (201), a nozzle (202) disposed in a sealed chamber (100) and connected to an output end of the hydrogen storage chamber (201), and a valve assembly (203) disposed between the nozzle (202) and the hydrogen storage chamber (201) for controlling the flow rate of hydrogen.

9. The hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ventilation module (300) comprises a ventilation duct (301) connected to the sealed cabin (100), a fan (302) for driving gas to flow from the sealed cabin (100) to the outside through the ventilation duct (301), and an air inlet (303) arranged on one side of the sealed cabin (100), and external fresh air enters the sealed cabin (100) through the air inlet (303).

10. The hydrogen leakage rapid linkage response platform according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The data acquisition module (400) comprises a hydrogen detector (401) disposed in the sealed cabin (100), and a data processing component (402) connected between the hydrogen detector (401) and the fan (302) via an electrical signal; The hydrogen detector (401) transmits the measured hydrogen concentration data to the data processing component (402) in real time. The data processing component (402) receives and analyzes the hydrogen concentration data. When the hydrogen concentration reaches a set threshold, the data processing component (402) sends a start signal to the fan (302).

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