Project safety management method and system based on digital driving

Abstract

The invention relates to a project safety management method and system based on digital driving, and the method comprises the steps: surveying and observing an engineering construction site, and obtaining site safety information; adding the construction information into the design model and forming a construction model; the construction safety information and the field safety information are disassembled according to related components, and multiple pieces of safety management information are obtained; and respectively implanting the plurality of pieces of safety management information into the corresponding components according to the components to which the safety management information belongs, and obtaining a construction and safety management model. Through the arrangement, the constructed full-perception, full-connection, full-scene and full-factor safety management system has the advantages of no omission, continuity, real-time performance, accuracy, no delay, no dependence on organization driving and the like. The problems of timeliness, discontinuity, passivity, fragmentization and non-systematic safety management behaviors in traditional organization-driven safety management are thoroughly solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of security data processing, and in particular to a project security management method and system based on digital drive. Background Art

[0002] With the comprehensive development of digitalization, the field of construction engineering has also undergone tremendous changes and progress. Among them, BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a digital tool that is a digital expression of physical buildings. It is used to create three-dimensional models and integrate all relevant information throughout the life cycle of buildings or infrastructure projects, thereby realizing information integration and sharing among different participating entities and interconnection of data in various links, thereby improving the work efficiency of the construction industry.

[0003] BIM data is divided into two categories: geometric data and semantic data. Geometric data refers to information that describes the shape, size, location, and spatial relationship of a building and its components. This type of data is the basis for the visualization of BIM models and provides a three-dimensional representation of the building. Semantic data refers to information that gives specific meaning to building elements, including but not limited to element type, attributes, functions, materials, maintenance, costs, manufacturer information, time information, and legal and regulatory information. These data make the BIM model not just a graphical representation, but an information-rich digital asset.

[0004] It is for the above reasons that the use of BIM can play an extremely important auxiliary role in the smooth implementation of a construction project, especially process management. Of course, in recent years, BIM technology has also been widely used in many construction engineering examples, bringing obvious changes to this field. However, as a very important content in construction projects, safety management is directly related to the personal safety of construction workers and the quality of the project itself. However, it has always followed the more traditional organization-driven management: the management method initiated by managers from top to bottom and mainly implemented by spot checks or special inspections has lagged far behind the current development status of the industry and has brought adverse effects on the further development of construction projects. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the traditional safety management methods in a timely manner and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of safety management through more advanced and reasonable means. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention proposes a project safety management method based on digital drive and system , based on the digital drive of BIM technology, it realizes comprehensive, automated, continuous and efficient safety management, replacing traditional safety management methods.

[0006] As a first aspect, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a project safety management method based on digital drive, the method comprising:

[0007] Conduct surveys and observations on construction sites, collect and obtain on-site safety information;

[0008] The predetermined construction information is added to the BIM-based design model of the project to form a construction model; the predetermined construction safety information and the site safety information are disassembled according to the components involved to obtain a plurality of safety management information corresponding to different components after disassembly;

[0009] Implanting the plurality of safety management information into corresponding components according to the components to which they belong, to obtain a construction and safety management model;

[0010] The construction and safety management model is decomposed to form multiple work packages with each component as the minimum work target; construction is then carried out in sequence according to the multiple work packages, and safety management is carried out synchronously according to the safety management information embedded in each component until the construction phase of the project is completed.

[0011] Preferably, the on-site safety information includes at least one of: hydrogeological information, safety information of adjacent component construction, and environmental information of the construction site.

[0012] Preferably, the predetermined construction safety information includes at least one of: operation risk warning information, dangerous place warning information, and safety hazard warning information.

[0013] Preferably, the construction and safety management model is decomposed, specifically, the construction and safety management model is decomposed through WBS (Work Breakdown Structure).

[0014] Preferably, the construction is carried out in sequence according to the multiple work packages, and safety management is carried out according to the safety management information embedded in each component simultaneously, and then the following is further included:

[0015] Monitor the construction site and obtain construction information and safety hazards, compare them with the safety management information in the construction and safety management model to determine whether there are safety issues. If so, send the comparison results to the corresponding person in charge for reminder.

[0016] Preferably, the process continues until the construction phase of the project is completed, and then also includes: real-time updating of the operating status of the site, observation and monitoring of equipment and facilities, collection and sorting out of safety hazards, providing precautions for daily operation and maintenance, improving the operation and maintenance management module, and updating this part of information in real time and adding it to the model to finally obtain an operation and maintenance model.

[0017] Preferably, the design model, construction model, construction and safety management model, and operation and maintenance model are obtained in sequence by successively updating data based on the same BIM model.

[0018] Preferably, sending the comparison result to the corresponding person in charge for reminder also includes: recording the comparison result and the decision information of the person in charge at the same time, and updating them in the construction and safety management model.

[0019] Preferably, after obtaining the construction information, it is updated into the construction and safety management model, and the construction information includes at least one of: geometric information, non-geometric information, construction parameters, quality acceptance, safety status, measurement payment, and engineering changes.

[0020] The present invention also proposes a project safety management system, which adopts any of the aforementioned management methods and specifically includes: a perception layer, which includes an Internet of Things system;

[0021] The network layer, which includes the communication network;

[0022] A service layer, which includes cloud servers;

[0023] Application layer and user layer, which includes the BIM digital platform.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The fully-perceived, fully-connected, full-scenario, and full-factor security management system has many advantages, such as no omissions, continuous and uninterrupted, real-time and accurate, without any delay, and not relying on organizational drive. It completely solves the timeliness, intermittent, passive, fragmented, and non-systematic security management behavior problems existing in traditional organization-driven security management;

[0026] 2. The same model is used from survey and design to the pre-construction period, the construction period and finally the operation and maintenance period. The safety information of each period is superimposed on the model to form a safe digital asset. The digital and model are consistent and the model is used throughout, avoiding the tediousness of repeated model construction between multiple users and different stages, and also reducing costs overall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of information changes contained in the BIM model corresponding to three stages in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the operation steps of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is an ecological map corresponding to the system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the evolution of changes in the BIM model in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar components or components with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0033] In the current safety management, organization-driven safety management is still adopted, that is, safety inspection, safety learning and safety monitoring are organized from top to bottom. There are many defects in the organization-driven safety management: it cannot organize safety learning in time according to the work components, lacking timeliness; it cannot organize continuous learning according to the progress of the work components, lacking continuity; the top-down organization of inspection and learning is passive; the top-down organization of safety inspection cannot be comprehensive and there is a fragmented phenomenon; the top-down organization of safety inspection and learning lacks systematicity.

[0034] The present invention discloses a digital-driven project safety management method, which is based on the widely used BIM technology and specifically includes the following steps:

[0035] Conduct surveys and observations on construction sites, collect and obtain on-site safety information;

[0036] Adding the predetermined construction information to the BIM design model to form a construction model; disassembling the predetermined construction safety information and the site safety information according to the components involved to obtain a plurality of safety management information corresponding to different components after disassembly;

[0037] Implanting the plurality of safety management information into corresponding components according to the components to which they belong, to obtain a construction and safety management model;

[0038] The construction and safety management model is decomposed through WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) to form multiple work packages with each component as the minimum work target; then construction is carried out in sequence according to the multiple work packages, and safety management is carried out synchronously according to the safety management information embedded in each component until the construction phase of the project is completed.

[0039] Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the present invention can, on the one hand, obtain the most accurate and timely on-site safety information by conducting real-time on-site surveys of the construction site, and on the other hand, directly decompose and implant it into each component after combining it with the construction safety information. In this way, during construction, technicians and construction personnel can view and understand all safety management information related to the component in advance or in real time.

[0040] That is, the solution constructed by the present invention is a fully-perceived, fully-connected, full-scenario, and full-factor security management system built on countless basic components of the project, which has many advantages such as no omissions, continuous and uninterrupted, real-time and accurate, without any delay, and not relying on organizational drive. It completely solves the timeliness, intermittent, passive, fragmented, and non-systematic security management behavior problems existing in traditional organization-driven security management.

[0041] In BIM (Building Information Modeling), the following key operations are required when transitioning from a design model to a construction model:

[0042] ①Model deepening design

[0043] Refine building components: The design model focuses on expressing the overall concept and performance of the building, while the construction model should further refine the details of the components. For example, the beams in the design model only reflect the approximate size and position, and the construction model needs to clearly define the reinforcement of the beams, including the specifications, quantity, and spacing of the longitudinal and stirrups; for complex nodes, such as beam-column nodes, the anchorage length, bending angle, and other structural details of the steel bars should be displayed in detail.

[0044] Supplementary construction process information: Add relevant information on the construction process of each component. Taking concrete pouring as an example, it is necessary to indicate the pouring method (such as pumping, chute, etc.), pouring sequence (pour columns first and then beams, or pour in layers, etc.) and vibration requirements (insertion depth of the vibrating rod, vibration time interval, etc.).

[0045] ②Construction progress relationship

[0046] Task decomposition and time setting: Decompose the construction project into specific construction tasks, such as earth excavation, foundation treatment, foundation pouring, etc. in the foundation project. Set a reasonable time for each task based on the construction plan and schedule, such as determining that earth excavation takes 3 days and foundation treatment takes 5 days, and clarify the logical relationship between tasks, such as foundation treatment can only be carried out after earth excavation is completed.

[0047] Link model components and tasks: Associate components in the model with corresponding construction tasks. For example, associate the cap in the foundation model with the "cap concrete pouring" task, so that the model can dynamically display the status of each component according to the construction progress. During the progress simulation, when the "cap concrete pouring" time comes, the cap components in the model are displayed in the poured state.

[0048] ③ Resource allocation

[0049] Manpower allocation: clarify the human resources required for each construction task. For example, for masonry projects, calculate the number of bricklayers and laborers required for each cubic meter of masonry. Assuming that each cubic meter of masonry requires 0.5 man-days for bricklayers and 0.3 man-days for laborers, determine the total labor required for the task based on the project volume and allocate it to the relevant tasks in the model.

[0050] Material and equipment allocation: Determine the materials and mechanical equipment required for construction. For the main structure construction, determine the required steel, wood, formwork quantity, and equipment specifications and quantity such as tower cranes and concrete mixers. Add corresponding material and equipment information to each construction task in the model, such as associating the strength grade, volume, and concrete mixer model, usage time, etc. of the "main concrete pouring" task.

[0051] ④Construction site layout

[0052] Creation of site planning model: Create a construction site planning model in the BIM model and divide different functional areas, such as material storage area, machinery and equipment parking area, temporary office area, living area, etc. Determine the location and scope of each area, and set the area of ​​the material storage area to 500 square meters on the east side of the site based on the actual size of the site and construction requirements.

[0053] Integration of facilities and models: Integrate temporary facilities (such as temporary roads, temporary water and electricity lines, etc.) into the model. Display the direction and width of temporary roads, the laying path, pipe diameter, voltage and other parameters of temporary water and electricity lines to ensure that the layout of the construction site is reasonable and meet the needs of material transportation, personnel passage and water and electricity supply during construction.

[0054] ⑤Collision check and optimization

[0055] Multi-disciplinary collision check: Use BIM software to conduct multi-disciplinary collision checks on the integrated construction model, covering architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, electrical, HVAC and other disciplines. Check whether the structural beams collide with the HVAC pipes, whether the water supply and drainage risers conflict with the electrical bridges, etc.

[0056] Solve the collision problem: organize professionals to negotiate solutions for the collision point, such as adjusting the pipeline direction, changing the size or position of the component, etc. If the structural beam collides with the HVAC pipeline, consider adjusting the HVAC pipeline elevation to avoid the beam position, and check again after optimization until the collision problem is eliminated to avoid rework during the construction process.

[0057] In one embodiment, the present invention collects and obtains on-site safety information based on the above content, specifically including:

[0058] Supplement engineering information such as hydrogeology, and timely add relevant information such as hydrogeology to each component through real-time and on-site surveys, such as the properties of different soil layers and information on different water layers, to determine whether support needs to be constructed, whether precipitation operations need to be carried out, etc.;

[0059] Supplement the safety information of adjacent construction components. By monitoring and analyzing the components that have been built or are under construction in the adjacent building area, the existing safety problems or possible safety risks can be obtained. This information will be integrated and added to each component in real time to provide guidance for on-site construction.

[0060] Supplement the environmental information of the construction site, such as mud pools, foundation pits, temporary roads, etc., to further improve all relevant information of the construction site and avoid safety risks.

[0061] In one embodiment, the construction safety information predetermined by the present invention specifically includes a variety of safety information, which cannot be listed one by one. Different components have different safety information in different working environments, including at least one of operation risk prompt information, dangerous place prompt information, and safety hazard warning information. For ease of understanding, in this embodiment, bridge construction is taken as an example to illustrate some construction safety information that may be involved:

[0062] For the foundation construction stage

[0063] 1. Bored pile operation

[0064] Mechanical operation risks: Before starting the drilling rig, a professional must conduct a comprehensive inspection of the equipment's brake system, including the degree of wear of the brake pads and the level of the brake fluid, to ensure that the brakes are sensitive and reliable. At the same time, check whether protective devices such as belt guards and gear guards are firmly installed without damage or looseness. During the operation, the operator must always stick to his post and must not play with his mobile phone, chat, or do other things unrelated to the operation. If you need to leave due to special circumstances, you must first shut down the machine and cut off the power supply. Non-professionals are strictly prohibited from operating the drilling rig without authorization to avoid safety accidents caused by misoperation.

[0065] During the operation of the drilling rig, the operator should pay close attention to the operating status of the equipment, such as sound, vibration, temperature, etc. If the drilling rig sounds abnormal, such as sharp friction sounds or violent vibrations, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection and the operation can be continued only after the fault is eliminated. The drilling rig should be maintained regularly, and lubricating oil, filter elements, etc. should be replaced regularly according to the requirements of the equipment manual to ensure that the equipment is always in good operating condition.

[0066] Risk of hole protection: The hole protection fence should be made of solid materials, such as steel pipes or angle steel, with a height of not less than 1.2 meters. The fence spacing should ensure that no people or large objects can pass through. The fence should be firmly fixed to the ground to prevent it from being pushed down by external forces. Obvious warning signs should be set on the fence, such as "Hazardous hole, do not approach".

[0067] When the operation is suspended, the hole must be covered with a solid cover that matches the size of the hole. The cover must be able to bear a certain weight to prevent people or objects from accidentally falling into the hole. Before resuming the operation, check whether the cover is intact and whether there is any debris around the hole. Clean it up before removing the cover.

[0068] Mud pool risk: Warning signs around the mud pool should be eye-catching and firm. Not only should there be text signs saying "Mud pool is dangerous, please do not approach", but also some reflective signs should be set up so that they can be clearly seen at night or in low visibility conditions. Protective facilities can be steel pipe fences or wire mesh fences with a height of not less than 1.5 meters to prevent people from accidentally falling in.

[0069] When cleaning mud, workers must wear protective equipment, including waterproof rubber boots, rubber gloves, protective glasses, etc. When using tools to clean mud, pay attention to the operating specifications to avoid splashing mud due to excessive force. If mud accidentally splashes into the eyes, rinse with plenty of water immediately and seek medical attention in time. At the same time, necessary first aid equipment, such as stretchers, first aid kits, etc., should be provided near the mud pool.

[0070] 2. Expand basic operations

[0071] Risks of foundation pit excavation: Before excavation, technicians should formulate a detailed slope support plan based on the geological survey report and design requirements. The plan should clearly define the slope gradient, support methods (such as soil nail wall, anchor support, etc.) and drainage measures. Construction personnel must strictly follow the plan to cut slopes and must not change the slope at will. During the excavation process, arrange for a dedicated person to closely observe the soil conditions of the slope and conduct inspections at regular intervals (such as 30 minutes). The observation content includes whether there are cracks in the slope, whether the soil shows signs of loosening, and whether there is settlement at the top of the slope.

[0072] If cracks are found on the slope, the length, width and depth of the cracks should be measured immediately and recorded. If the crack width exceeds a certain limit (such as 5mm) or the crack has a tendency to expand, the operation should be stopped immediately, personnel and equipment should be organized to evacuate the site, and the report should be made to the superior supervisor and technical personnel in a timely manner. According to the crack situation, appropriate treatment measures should be taken, such as grouting the cracks, adding support measures, etc.

[0073] Risks of pit bottom operation: The drainage facilities at the bottom of the pit should be planned and set up before the foundation pit is excavated. The drainage facilities can be a combination of a sump and a drainage ditch. The sump should be set at the lowest point of the foundation pit, and the drainage ditch should be set at a certain slope (such as 0.3% 0.5%) to ensure that the water in the pit can flow smoothly into the sump. Equip a drainage pump with sufficient power and check the operation of the drainage pump regularly to ensure smooth drainage.

[0074] When working at the bottom of the pit, all personnel must wear safety helmets that meet national standards and must be worn correctly with the chin strap fastened. For deep foundation pits, a protective shed must be set up at the bottom of the pit, and the shed must be able to withstand a certain amount of impact from falling objects. The protective shed can be built with steel pipes and wooden boards, with a thickness of no less than 50mm. The spacing between steel pipes must be reasonable to ensure a stable structure. At the same time, an escape passage must be set up at the bottom of the pit, and the escape passage must be kept unobstructed, with handrails on both sides of the passage.

[0075] For the pier construction stage

[0076] 1. Template installation and removal

[0077] Risks of working at heights: Before working on formwork at heights, workers must undergo special safety training for working at heights and be familiar with the safe operating procedures for working at heights. When working, you must wear a safety belt that meets national standards. The safety belt should be hung high and used low, and the hook of the safety belt should be hung in a place that is firm and reliable and higher than the working position. When climbing and working in the air, you must use qualified climbing tools, such as ladders, scaffolding, etc. The ladder should be placed stably, with an angle of 60°70° to the ground, and anti-slip measures should be taken at the bottom.

[0078] The scaffolding must be erected by professional scaffolders according to the construction plan. The spacing and specifications of the scaffolding poles, crossbars, scissor braces and other rods must meet the design requirements. The scaffolding boards must be laid full and stable, and there must be no probe boards. After the scaffolding is erected, it must be inspected and accepted by the project technical person in charge, safety management personnel and other relevant personnel. It can only be used after the acceptance is qualified and the sign is posted. During use, it is strictly forbidden to remove the scaffolding rods at will. If it must be removed due to construction needs, it must be approved by the technical person in charge and corresponding reinforcement measures must be taken.

[0079] Obvious warning signs should be set up in high-altitude working areas, such as "High-altitude working, pay attention to safety", etc. High-altitude formwork work is strictly prohibited under adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds (wind force 6 and above), heavy rain, heavy fog, etc.

[0080] Risk of being hit by objects: When transferring templates, tools and other items, ropes or special material lifting equipment must be used for lifting. Throwing is strictly prohibited. When lifting templates, ensure that the templates are firmly tied and the center of gravity is balanced. Before lifting, the signalman must check whether the wire ropes and hooks of the lifting equipment are intact. Only after confirming that they are correct can the lifting signal be issued. During the lifting process, a dedicated person must be arranged to command, and the command signal must be clear and accurate.

[0081] When removing the formwork, it should be done in the order of supporting first and then removing, and then removing the last support first. Illegal removal is strictly prohibited. The removed formwork and accessories should be cleaned and removed in time. When temporarily stacked, they should be placed in a stable place that does not affect traffic. The stacking height should not exceed 1.5 meters. Set up a warning area under the removed formwork, set up a cordon, and arrange special personnel to be responsible for the warning. It is strictly forbidden for unauthorized personnel to enter the warning area.

[0082] 2. Concrete pouring

[0083] Mechanical failure risk: Before using equipment such as concrete pumps, professional maintenance personnel must conduct a comprehensive inspection. The inspection includes the mechanical part, such as the wear of the pump body and whether the pipe connection is tight; the electrical part, such as whether the wires are damaged and whether the leakage protector is sensitive; the hydraulic part, such as the level of hydraulic oil and the working pressure of the oil pump. After all the inspections are passed, a no-load test run is carried out for no less than 10 minutes to observe whether the equipment is operating normally.

[0084] During the pumping process, if a blockage or other fault occurs, the operator must immediately press the emergency stop button, cut off the power supply, and then troubleshoot the fault according to the operating procedures. It is strictly forbidden to perform maintenance while the equipment is running to avoid mechanical damage. When repairing the equipment, the maintenance personnel must hang a warning sign "Do not close the switch during maintenance" and take corresponding safety protection measures.

[0085] Regularly perform maintenance on equipment such as concrete pumps, establish equipment maintenance files, and record the time, content, maintenance personnel, etc. of each maintenance. Regularly replace wearing parts such as seals and pistons according to the requirements of the equipment manual.

[0086] Risk of high temperature burns: When pouring concrete in hot weather, heatstroke prevention and cooling measures should be taken in advance, such as equipping workers with sun hats and heatstroke prevention medicines. Workers should wear protective gloves, protective shoes and other protective equipment, and the gloves should have heat insulation properties.

[0087] When unloading concrete, operators should avoid the concrete outlet to prevent hot concrete from splashing and scalding. When vibrating concrete, the vibrator should not be in contact with concrete for too long to prevent the vibrator from overheating and scalding the operator. If you are accidentally scalded by hot concrete, immediately rinse the scalded area with plenty of water and send to a nearby hospital for treatment in time.

[0088] For the bridge erection phase

[0089] 1. Bridge erection machine operation

[0090] Equipment failure risk: Before each use of the bridge crane, a professional mechanical engineer, electrical engineer and safety manager must conduct a comprehensive inspection of the equipment. Mechanically, check whether the metal structures such as the main beam and legs are deformed or cracked, and whether the bolts at the connection points are loose; whether the wear of transmission parts such as gears, chains, and wire ropes is within the allowable range, and whether the lubrication is good. Electrically, check whether the electrical components in the distribution box are intact, whether the line connections are firm, whether the grounding is reliable, and whether the displays of various instruments are normal. The hydraulic system should check the quality and quantity of the hydraulic oil, whether there are leaks in the oil pump, oil cylinder and other components, and whether the hydraulic pipelines are aging or damaged.

[0091] After the inspection is completed, a no-load test run should be carried out. According to the operating procedures of the bridge erecting machine, various actions should be simulated, including longitudinal and transverse movement of the main beam, overhead crane hoisting, etc. The test run time should be no less than 30 minutes. During the operation, the operator should pay close attention to the operating status of the equipment, listen to whether the equipment is running normally, and observe whether the data of each instrument is within the normal range. If any abnormality is found, such as shaking of the main beam during operation, failure of the overhead crane brake, etc., the test run should be stopped immediately to check the cause of the fault. Only when all performance indicators of the equipment meet the requirements can formal operation be carried out.

[0092] Establish equipment files for bridge erection machines, and record in detail each inspection, maintenance, failure and repair. According to the service life and work intensity of the equipment, formulate a reasonable maintenance plan, regularly perform comprehensive maintenance on the equipment, replace wearing parts, perform flaw detection on key components, etc., to ensure that the equipment is always in good operating condition.

[0093] Lifting risks: Before lifting bridge components, appropriate lifting equipment and rigging must be selected based on the weight, size, shape and other factors of the components. Lifting equipment and rigging must have a quality certificate and must be visually inspected before use, such as whether the wire rope has broken wires, excessive wear, and whether the hook has deformation or cracks. It is strictly forbidden to use unqualified lifting equipment and rigging.

[0094] The binding of the hoisted object must be firm and reliable. According to the shape and center of gravity of the component, the binding point should be reasonably selected to ensure that the component will not slide or flip during the hoisting process. After the binding is completed, it should be checked and confirmed by a dedicated person. Before lifting, the connection between the hoisting equipment, rigging and the hoisted object should be checked again. After confirmation, the signalman will send a lifting signal.

[0095] During the hoisting process, it is strictly forbidden to stand or pass under the crane arm and the hoisted components. Set up a warning area, set up a cordon, and assign a special person to be responsible for the warning to prevent irrelevant personnel from entering the dangerous area. At the hoisting site, communication equipment such as walkie-talkies should be equipped to ensure smooth communication between signal workers, operators and other relevant personnel, and accurate signal transmission. At the same time, pay close attention to weather changes. In case of severe weather such as strong winds and heavy rains, stop the hoisting operation immediately, place the components in a safe place, and take appropriate wind and rain protection measures for the bridge erection machine.

[0096] 2. Bridge deck construction

[0097] Risks of working on the edge: Guardrails and safety nets should be installed in time at the edge of the bridge deck and other edge areas. Guardrails should be made of steel pipes or angle steels, with the upper pole height not less than 1.2 meters, the lower pole height not less than 0.6 meters, and the distance between the railings not more than 2 meters. The railings should be firm and reliable and able to withstand a certain impact force. Safety nets should be dense mesh safety nets that meet national standards, and they should be hung flat and tight, firmly connected to the guardrails, and there should be no loopholes.

[0098] When working near the edge, workers must wear safety belts. Safety belts should be hung high and used low, and the hooks should be hung on solid structures. When carrying out bridge deck construction, such as laying bridge panels and installing railings, it is necessary to prevent objects such as plates and tools from slipping and injuring people. When transferring materials and tools, ropes or special transfer equipment must be used, and throwing is strictly prohibited.

[0099] Set up obvious warning signs in the working area near the edge, such as "Danger near the edge, pay attention to safety". When working at night, ensure that the area near the edge is adequately illuminated, and the lighting fixtures must be firmly fixed to prevent them from being blown down or knocked off by the wind. At the same time, regularly check the guardrails and safety nets. If they are damaged or loose, they must be repaired or replaced in time.

[0100] Traffic safety risks: If the bridge deck construction affects the existing traffic, it is necessary to communicate and coordinate with the traffic management department in advance to develop a detailed traffic diversion plan. According to the requirements of the traffic management department, set up standardized traffic guidance signs and warning signs at a certain distance before and after the construction section, such as signs of construction ahead, slow down, lane narrowing, etc. The signs should be clear and eye-catching, with good reflective properties, to ensure that passing vehicles can be clearly identified from a long distance.

[0101] Set up isolation facilities in the construction area, such as anti-collision barrels and water barriers, to effectively isolate the construction area from the traffic lanes and prevent vehicles from mistakenly entering the construction area. Assign special personnel to be responsible for traffic diversion. Traffic diversion personnel should wear reflective vests, hold batons or red flags, and direct traffic according to the traffic diversion plan. During peak hours in the morning and evening, when traffic flow is large, increase the number of diversion personnel to ensure smooth traffic.

[0102] When driving on the bridge deck, construction vehicles must abide by traffic rules, drive at limited speeds, and must not turn around or drive in the opposite direction at will. Vehicles entering and leaving the construction area must pay attention to surrounding traffic conditions to ensure safety. At the same time, traffic guidance signs, warning signs, and isolation facilities must be regularly inspected and maintained. If they are damaged or missing, they must be replaced or supplemented in a timely manner.

[0103] Of course, the above construction safety information does not represent all, but is only an example of some construction stages. After the present invention collects and determines the above-mentioned on-site safety information and the construction safety information illustrated by the above examples, it will decompose all the above information according to the specific components involved in each information, such as the specific pile foundation involved in foundation excavation and the specific structure involved in concrete pouring, according to the numbers of these specific components to obtain countless safety management information corresponding to different components, and then implant these safety management information into each component of the BIM model to obtain a construction and safety management model.

[0104] According to the construction and safety management model, it is decomposed into many work packages through WBS, and then through the daily work assignment operations of technical and management personnel, each construction worker can obtain construction and safety management information for daily work content and each engineering component involved.

[0105] Specifically, in the field of construction, Work Breakdown Structure, or WBS for short, is a structure that gradually decomposes a project according to its internal structure or the order of the implementation process, breaking the project into relatively independent, single-content, easy-to-cost and easy-to-check work units. The following introduces its main steps and the work to be completed in each step:

[0106] 1. Clarify project goals and scope

[0107] Work content: Communicate with all parties involved in the project (construction unit, design unit, construction unit, supervision unit, etc.) to deeply understand the project construction intention and expected results. Study the project bidding documents, contract agreements, design drawings and other materials in detail, clearly define the work content included in the project, and determine which work is within the scope of the project and which is excluded. For example, for the construction of an office building project, it is necessary to clarify the specific content of the construction and decoration projects covered, such as whether outdoor landscape projects are included.

[0108] Results: Form a clear and accurate project goal and scope statement, providing a basis for subsequent WBS decomposition.

[0109] 2. Choose a decomposition method

[0110] Decomposition based on project stages: Decomposition is done according to the construction process, such as planning and design, foundation construction, main structure construction, decoration and renovation, equipment installation and commissioning, etc. It is suitable for projects with clear construction processes and obvious stage characteristics.

[0111] Based on the decomposition of project components: Based on the physical composition of the building, such as decomposing an office building into underground parking lots, podiums, towers, etc., and then further subdividing each part. Often used in projects with complex building structures and many components.

[0112] Job Description: Analyze project characteristics, complexity and management requirements, select the most suitable decomposition method, or combine multiple methods. For example, for a large commercial complex project, the overall decomposition is based on the project stage, and in the decoration stage, it is decomposed based on different areas or functional spaces based on the project components.

[0113] 3. Break down the project layer by layer

[0114] Work content: Starting from the overall project, gradually decompose the project into smaller work packages from rough to fine. Taking the foundation construction stage as an example, it can be decomposed into earth excavation, foundation treatment, foundation pouring and other work; earth excavation is further subdivided into surveying and setting out, mechanical excavation, manual trench cleaning, etc. Each work package should be clear and manageable, with deliverables, responsible persons and resource requirements.

[0115] Note: The decomposition process must follow the "100% rule", that is, the sum of all work packages after decomposition should cover the entire scope of the project, no more, no less. At the same time, ensure that the boundaries between each work package are clear to avoid duplication or omission of work content.

[0116] 4. Coding the work package

[0117] Work content: Give each work package a unique code to facilitate identification, management and information exchange. The code should be systematic and logical, reflecting the level and position of the work package in the WBS. For example, "1.1.1" represents the first work package of the first sub-item of the first phase.

[0118] Achievements: Formation of a WBS coding system for project schedule planning, cost accounting, and resource allocation.

[0119] After the work package is formed and the work is assigned every day, each construction worker will clearly know the work goals and work content that need to be completed in the next working time. At this time, the technical staff or management staff can push the construction information and safety management information contained in the components involved to the corresponding personnel for each construction worker. Of course, the construction workers themselves can also check it in advance or in real time at any time during the construction process.

[0120] In one embodiment, based on any of the above embodiments, the method further includes the following steps:

[0121] When construction is carried out according to the formed work package, it is analyzed whether there are safety hazards in the work tasks contained in the real-time work package. If so, the construction site is monitored to obtain safety monitoring information after construction. The safety monitoring information is automatically uploaded to the management system for technical personnel or managers to view in real time, integrating the data flow and decision flow.

[0122] The management system can be a BIM system or other commonly used management software, such as social software or internal enterprise management software.

[0123] In this embodiment, the monitoring of the construction site is mainly carried out through an Internet of Things system formed by cameras, sensors or other measuring equipment. For example, if the safety enclosure of the construction pit is installed, it can be identified by the camera and the photo results can be uploaded to the management system; if the material stacking on the construction site can be set up with a settlement observation device to monitor whether the material stacking exceeds the upper load limit; for the construction of key parts, such as the concrete pouring of the foundation, it can be photographed by a camera to determine whether it is poured in one go and whether the expansion joints are left as required; such as temperature sensing of large concrete poured components to determine whether they are maintained and cooled as required. There are many similar scenarios, and this embodiment will not give examples one by one.

[0124] Through the above settings, not only safety management and education are achieved before construction, but also timely monitoring and feedback of safety risks during and after construction can be carried out, avoiding safety hazards caused by improper operation.

[0125] In one embodiment, managers can make temporary decisions on the construction site based on the above safety monitoring information, and the safety monitoring information and decision information can also be entered into the BIM model for update and iteration, and can even automatically fill in and generate construction logs, thus achieving effective management traceability.

[0126] In another embodiment, the Internet of Things system formed by cameras, sensors or other measuring equipment can also directly monitor the construction site in all directions and at all times, and compare the construction information and safety hazards obtained with the safety management information in the construction and safety management model. If the comparison results find that there are indeed or foreseeable safety problems, the comparison results will be sent to the corresponding person in charge to remind him to make timely decisions based on the on-site situation.

[0127] In one embodiment, Figure 3As shown, it shows a panoramic ecology constructed by the system of the present invention: the system is composed of a perception layer, a network layer, a service layer, an application layer and a user layer, wherein the perception layer relies on IoT-related hardware and software; the network layer relies on different technical means such as 4G / 5G, broadband, Bluetooth, etc.; the service layer includes two aspects: a graphics platform and storage / computing resources, and both rely on cloud servers to achieve; the final application layer and user layer can rely on the InC-BIM digital platform, which is the general term for the BIM model and management system involved in the aforementioned aspects of the present invention.

[0128] It can be seen from this ecology that the method and system of the present invention covers the entire life cycle of the project vertically, and covers most of the participating units horizontally, thereby providing full-cycle, all-angle systematic and unified services for the implementation and operation of the project.

[0129] As a specific embodiment, the concept of the present invention is further described. Figure 1 As shown, it shows the different information contained in the BIM model of a specific bridge component at different stages, that is, the three-dimensional structure of the component can be clearly displayed in the BIM model, and the design stage model (i.e. corresponding to the design model in the aforementioned embodiment) mainly contains design attributes, and specifically includes geometric information (size, specifications, etc.) and non-geometric information (materials, processes, prices, etc.); then to the construction preparation stage model (i.e. corresponding to the construction model in the aforementioned embodiment), construction attributes 1 are added on the basis of the design stage model, specifically including environmental information, hydrological address information, construction organization information, and safety information (i.e. corresponding to the safety management information in the aforementioned embodiment), so as to iterate the design model to form a construction and safety management model; then after the construction, with further monitoring of the construction, new information of the actual component can be obtained, that is, the construction attributes 2 in the construction stage model shown in the figure, specifically including geometric information (actual size, specifications, etc.), non-geometric information (actual materials, processes, etc.), construction parameters (time, personnel, machinery, etc.), quality acceptance, safety status, measurement and payment, engineering changes, etc.

[0130] Through the different models formed in the above three stages, sufficient safety management preparation can be carried out before construction, and comprehensive, continuous, real-time and systematic safety management information can be provided to relevant personnel during construction. Even after the construction is completed, monitoring and feedback can be carried out through the Internet of Things system, forming a management closed loop, which is more conducive to managers making relevant management decisions.

[0131] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, an example is used to illustrate a way of using the method and system for practical operation, which includes five steps, specifically:

[0132] ① Engineers decompose the entire project into WBS and embed safety management information into each component;

[0133] ② On-site construction management personnel assign on-site construction work every day according to the decomposed work packages, and arrange the work tasks that need to be completed every day to each team; and the construction management personnel can also directly extract the safety management information involved every day, and conduct team work briefing when assigning work;

[0134] ③ During construction, the safety management information of each component is pushed to the responsible personnel through the BIM system or the project's own management system to help them understand in advance or in real time, including construction and safety information, to ensure that nothing is missed;

[0135] ④ The system automatically evaluates and manages the safety management information involved in the process. If there are major hidden dangers, it will promptly notify the on-site management personnel to remind them to check and intervene in time;

[0136] ⑤ Automatically fill in the electronic construction log and update the BIM model in real time so that the model contains construction safety status data for easy viewing.

[0137] In step ④, the system automatically evaluates and manages the safety management information involved in the process. It can also monitor the construction in real time through many IoT systems set up on site, and compare the construction process, construction results and construction requirements to determine whether there are any safety hazard management issues, thereby alerting on-site management personnel.

[0138] As can be seen from the above, the digital-driven project safety management method of the present invention covers all construction units and users: supervision units, construction units, consulting units, design units, supervision units, construction units and operation units; it runs through the entire life cycle of the construction project: survey and design, construction management and operation and maintenance. Figure 4 It can be seen that from survey and design to the pre-construction period to the construction period and finally to the operation and maintenance period, the same model is used, and the safety information of each period is superimposed on the model to form a secure digital asset. The digital model is consistent and the model is used throughout, which avoids the tediousness of repeated model construction between multiple users and different stages, and also reduces the cost overall. That is, the present invention can be applied not only in the construction stage as recorded in any of the embodiments shown above, but also in the later project operation and maintenance stage. By combining the operation and maintenance information and safety precautions into specific operation and maintenance projects, real-time and continuous safety management can also be achieved.

[0139] Specifically, the initial design model is completed in the survey and design stage, which completes the modeling and forward design modules; then enters the early stage of construction, and on the basis of the design model, further WBS decomposition, inspection batch division, quality and safety information implantation into components, and other necessary information are carried out to obtain the construction and safety management model; subsequently enter the construction period, through real-time monitoring and feedback, the progress, quality, safety and cost information are continuously supplemented to the model, and in each subdivided process of the construction management module (such as dispatch management, construction log, process reporting, inspection and pricing, safety monitoring, safety card control, etc.), the on-site construction information and safety monitoring information are further improved, so as to update the model in real time; finally, in the operation and maintenance period, the operating status of the site can still be updated in real time, the equipment and facilities can be observed and monitored, the safety hazards can be collected and sorted out, the precautions for daily operation and maintenance can be provided, the operation and maintenance management module can be improved, and this part of information is also updated in real time and added to the model, so as to finally obtain the operation and maintenance model.

[0140] From the above description, it can be seen that the operation and maintenance model finally obtained by the project adopting the method and system of the present invention is a model that is constantly accumulated and updated. It is a customized system formed for each project. From survey and design to the pre-construction period to the construction period and finally to the operation and maintenance period, the same model is used. The security information of each period is superimposed on the model to form a secure digital asset. The digital and the model are consistent, and the model is used throughout, which avoids the tediousness of repeated model construction between multiple users and different stages, and also reduces costs overall.

[0141] In the description of this specification, if the terms "embodiment one", "this embodiment", "in an embodiment" and the like appear, it means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in the invention or at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example; moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in an appropriate manner.

[0142] In the description of this specification, the terms "connect", "install", "fix", "set", "have", etc. are all understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0143] In the description of this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0144] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate ordinary technicians in the technical field to understand and apply the technology of this case. People familiar with the technology in this field can obviously easily make various modifications to these examples and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, this case is not limited to the above embodiments. Modifications to the following situations should all be within the scope of protection of this case: ① A new technical solution implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention and combined with existing common knowledge, the technical effect produced by the new technical solution does not exceed the technical effect of the present invention; ② The equivalent replacement of some features of the technical solution of the present invention by using known technology, the technical effect produced is the same as the technical effect of the present invention; ③ The technical solution of the present invention can be expanded, and the substantive content of the expanded technical solution does not exceed the technical solution of the present invention; ④ The equivalent transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention is directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields.

Claims

1. A digital-driven project safety management method, characterized by The method comprises: Conduct surveys and observations on construction sites, collect and obtain on-site safety information; The predetermined construction information is added to the BIM-based design model of the project to form a construction model; the predetermined construction safety information and the site safety information are disassembled according to the components involved to obtain a plurality of safety management information corresponding to different components after disassembly; Implanting the plurality of safety management information into corresponding components according to the components to which they belong, to obtain a construction and safety management model; The construction and safety management model is decomposed to form multiple work packages with each component as the minimum work target; construction is then carried out in sequence according to the multiple work packages, and safety management is carried out synchronously according to the safety management information embedded in each component until the construction phase of the project is completed.

2. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The on-site safety information includes at least one of hydrogeological information, safety information of adjacent component construction, and environmental information of the construction site.

3. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The predetermined construction safety information includes at least one of: operation risk warning information, dangerous place warning information, and safety hazard warning information.

4. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Decompose the construction and safety management model, specifically through WBS (Work Breakdown Structure).

5. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method further includes: Monitor the construction site and obtain construction information and safety hazards, compare them with the safety management information in the construction and safety management model to determine whether there are safety issues. If so, send the comparison results to the corresponding person in charge for reminder.

6. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The construction phase of the project is completed, and then it also includes: real-time updating of the operating status of the site, observation and monitoring of equipment and facilities, collection and sorting out safety hazards, providing precautions for daily operation and maintenance, improving the operation and maintenance management module, and updating this part of information in real time and adding it to the model to finally obtain the operation and maintenance model.

7. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The design model, construction model, construction and safety management model, and operation and maintenance model are obtained in sequence by updating data based on the same BIM model.

8. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The sending of the comparison result to the corresponding person in charge for reminder also includes: simultaneously recording the comparison result and the decision information of the person in charge, and updating them in the construction and safety management model.

9. The digital-driven project safety management method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: After obtaining the construction information, it is updated into the construction and safety management model, wherein the construction information includes at least one of geometric information, non-geometric information, construction parameters, quality acceptance, safety status, measurement payment, and engineering changes.

10. A digitally driven project safety management system, which adopts the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The system comprises: The perception layer, which includes the IoT system; The network layer, which includes the communication network; A service layer, which includes cloud servers; Application layer and user layer, which includes the BIM digital platform.

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