Fuel cell catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The fuel cell catalyst comprises a carbon carrier and an active component PtM, wherein M comprises at least three metal elements of Ni, Cu, Mo, Co and Ir. In the catalyst provided by the invention, PtM is a novel platinum-based octahedral structure, and a Pt-based octahedral alloy material specifically exposes a crystal face (111), so that the catalyst has relatively high catalytic activity and poison resistance, the electronic property of the catalyst is regulated and controlled based on the synergistic effect of multiple elements, and excellent structural stability is shown; according to the present invention, the interaction between the Pt and the intermediate species is weakened, the anti-toxicity performance of the catalyst is improved, and the catalyst has advantages of low production cost, high catalytic activity and excellent stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of catalyst preparation, and in particular to a fuel cell catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are one of the most efficient means of converting chemical energy into electrical energy. Compared with traditional hydrogen fuel, methanol has the advantages of high energy density, good safety, and convenient transportation. Therefore, it has the potential for large-scale application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Among them, Pt / C catalyst is currently the most widely used commercial fuel cell catalyst due to its high catalytic activity in methanol oxidation reaction. However, the low earth abundance and high cost of the precious metal Pt severely limit the large-scale application of Pt / C catalyst in fuel cells. At the same time, the intermediate species produced by the methanol oxidation reaction will be strongly adsorbed on the surface of the Pt / C catalyst, greatly reducing its activity, causing catalyst poisoning and reduced stability.

[0003] Therefore, the development of highly active and poison-resistant methanol oxidation electrocatalysts is the key to the current development of direct methanol fuel cells. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the prior art at least to a certain extent. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell catalyst is provided. The catalyst comprises a carbon support and an active component PtM, wherein M comprises at least three metal elements of Ni, Cu, Mo, Co, and Ir.

[0006] For example, the active ingredient PtM is PtNiCuMo, PtNiMoCo, PtCuMoCo, PtNiCuCo, PtCuCoIr, PtNiCuMoCo, PtNiMoCoIr, PtCuMoCoIr, PtNiCuCoIr, PtNiCuMoIr, PtNiCuMoCoIr, etc., preferably PtNiCuMoCoIr.

[0007] According to the above-mentioned fuel cell catalyst provided by the present invention, on the one hand, a part of the precious metal Pt is replaced by metal M, which significantly reduces the production cost of the catalyst while ensuring the catalytic activity of the catalyst. At the same time, the introduction of the M transition metal can weaken the adsorption strength of Pt and the poisoned intermediate species, thereby improving the anti-poisoning performance of the catalyst. On the other hand, PtM ​​is a new type of platinum-based octahedral structure, in which the Pt-based octahedral alloy material has a high catalytic activity and anti-poisoning performance due to its specific exposure of the (111) crystal face. The catalyst of the present invention regulates the electronic properties of the catalyst based on the synergistic effect of multiple elements, showing excellent structural stability. At the same time, it weakens the interaction between Pt and the intermediate species, and improves the catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst. As a result, the catalyst has a low production cost, a high catalytic activity and excellent stability.

[0008] According to the fuel cell catalyst provided by the present invention, the active ingredient PtM is octahedral, and the size of one side of the octahedron is no more than 3.5nm, preferably 2nm-3nm. The active ingredient PtM alloy of the catalyst provided by the present invention is octahedral, and the size of one side of the octahedron is no more than 3.5nm, so that the Pt-based octahedral alloy material specifically exposes the (111) crystal plane, thereby improving the catalytic activity and anti-poisoning performance of the catalyst.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the active ingredient PtM, the molar ratio of Pt to M is (2-5): (5-8). Controlling the molar ratio of Pt to M within the above range can improve the catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst and reduce the production cost of the catalyst.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total molar number of M, the molar proportion of Ni is 0-60%, the molar proportion of Cu is 0-70%, the molar proportion of Mo is 0-35%, the molar proportion of Co is 0-20%, and the molar proportion of Ir is 0-20%.

[0011] Preferably, M comprises Ni, Cu, Mo, Co and Ir, and based on the total molar number of M, the molar proportion of Ni is 20-40%, the molar proportion of Cu is 25-50%, the molar proportion of Mo is 10-20%, the molar proportion of Co is 5-10%, and the molar proportion of Ir is 5-10%.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the loading amount of Pt is 5-15 wt % based on the total mass of the fuel cell catalyst.

[0013] In a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned fuel cell catalyst, the method comprising:

[0014] (1) dispersing the carbon material, the structure directing agent, the Pt salt and the M metal salt in an organic solvent by ultrasonication to obtain a suspension;

[0015] (2) The suspension is subjected to heat treatment, centrifuged, washed and dried.

[0016] According to the above-mentioned method for preparing fuel cell catalysts provided by the present invention, in order to stabilize the small-sized platinum-based octahedral alloy materials with high surface energy and inhibit the agglomeration and ripening growth of nanoparticles, the present invention selects a variety of transition metals, and after alloying with Pt, the high entropy effect produced can effectively reduce the surface energy of the material, and at the same time slow down the Oswald ripening in the synthesis process, which plays an effective role in inhibiting the growth of particles, so that a small-sized octahedral active ingredient PtM alloy can be prepared. The preparation method is simple to operate, inhibits the agglomeration and ripening growth of platinum-based octahedral alloy nanoparticles in the synthesis process, forms a small-sized platinum-based octahedral alloy catalyst, and improves the catalytic ability and service life of the catalyst. Therefore, the catalyst prepared by this method has high catalytic activity and excellent stability.

[0017] According to the method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst provided by the present invention, in step (1), the concentration of the carbon material in the suspension is 1-4 mg·mL -1 .

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon material includes but is not limited to Vulcan XC-72, Ketjenblack EC-300J, Ketjenblack ECP-600JD and BLACK One of them, preferably Ketjenblack EC-300J.

[0019] According to the method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst provided by the present invention, in step (1), the mass ratio of the carbon material to the Pt salt is (0.5-5):1.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Pt salt includes but is not limited to one or more of platinum acetylacetonate, chloroplatinic acid, and platinum chloride salts, preferably platinum acetylacetonate.

[0021] According to the method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst provided by the present invention, in step (1), the concentration of the structure directing agent in the suspension is 10-30 mg / mL;

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the structure directing agent is selected from one or more of benzoic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the M metal salt is selected from one or more of M metal chlorides, M metal nitrates, M metal oxalates, M metal sulfates, M metal acetylacetonates, and M carbonyl compounds, preferably at least one of M metal nitrates and M carbonyl compounds.

[0024] As an example, the M metal salt includes, but is not limited to, one or more of Ni(acac)2, Cu(acac)2, Mo(CO)6, Co(acac)2, and Ir(acac)3.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvent in step (1) includes but is not limited to N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0026] According to the method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst provided by the present invention, in step (2), the temperature of the heat treatment is 140-180°C (the temperature of the suspension is 140-180°C), and the heat preservation is 6-24h. For example, the temperature is 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, etc., or the range between any two of the above values; for another example, the heat preservation time is 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h, 22h, 24h, etc., or the range between any two of the above values. The inventors have found that by controlling the temperature and time of the heat treatment within the above range, the active ingredient PtM octahedron with well-controlled morphology can be obtained.

[0027] In the third aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes the use of the above fuel cell catalyst in electrocatalytic methanol.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the catalyst is used as an anode catalyst.

[0029] The present invention at least includes the following technical effects:

[0030] (1) The present invention provides a small-sized platinum-based octahedral alloy catalyst, which uses a platinum-based octahedral PtM alloy as an active component and a carbon material as a carrier. It is a new type of platinum-based octahedral alloy catalyst. The side length of the octahedral alloy is not greater than 3.5 nm, the particle size is small, and the synergistic effect of multiple elements regulates the electronic properties of the catalyst, showing excellent structural stability. At the same time, this effect weakens the interaction between Pt and intermediate species, thereby improving the catalytic activity and anti-poisoning performance of the catalyst.

[0031] (2) The present invention uses a variety of transition metals and Pt for alloying. The high entropy effect can stabilize the small-sized octahedron and reduce Oswald ripening during the synthesis process, thereby facilitating the formation of small-sized Pt-based octahedral alloys. Commercial carbon black materials are selected as carriers, which is conducive to large-scale production and synthesis. The preparation method is simple to operate and has universal applicability. It inhibits the agglomeration and ripening growth of platinum-based alloy nanoparticles during the synthesis process, forms a small-sized platinum-based octahedral alloy catalyst, and improves the catalytic ability and service life of the catalyst. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 is a powder diffraction spectrum of the ultra-small PtNiCuMoCoIr octahedral catalyst obtained in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of the ultra-small PtNiCuMoCoIr octahedral catalyst obtained in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy image of the ultra-small PtNiCuMoCoIr octahedral catalyst obtained in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a spectrum scanning diagram of the ultra-small PtNiCuMoCoIr octahedral catalyst obtained in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 is the XRD pattern of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-170°C octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 is the XRD pattern of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-180°C octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 is a TEM image of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-170°C octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 is a TEM image of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-180°C octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 is the XRD pattern of the PtNiCuMoCoIr octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 is the XRD diagram of the PtNi octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.11 is a TEM image of the PtNi octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.12 is the XRD diagram of the PtNiCu octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.13 is a TEM image of the PtNiCu octahedral alloy catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.14 is a graph showing the catalytic activity test results of the catalyst of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.15 is a graph showing the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation stability of the catalyst of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.16 This is a graph showing the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation stability of the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] The preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst (PtNiCuMoCoIr) provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0052] 1) Weigh 80 mg Ketjenblack EC-300J, 1000 mg benzoic acid, 30 mg Pt(acac)2, 15 mg Ni(acac)2, 10 mg Cu(acac)2, 11 mg Mo(CO)6, 20 mg Co(acac)2 and 11 mg Ir(acac)3 into 40 mL N,N-dimethylformamide and sonicate for 30 minutes to make the suspension evenly dispersed.

[0053] 2) The obtained suspension was heated and stirred at 160°C for 12 h and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

[0054] 3) After centrifugation, the product is washed with a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone and dried to obtain a carbon-supported PtNiCuMoCoIr catalyst.

[0055] Taking PtNiCuMoCoIr as 100 parts by mole, the molar proportion of Pt is 35%, the molar proportion of Ni is 22.3%, the molar proportion of Cu is 29.6%, the molar proportion of Mo is 9.7%, the molar proportion of Co is 1.9%, and the molar proportion of Ir is 1.5%.

[0056] The loading amount of Pt was 8.3 wt% based on the total mass of the catalyst.

[0057] The powder X-ray diffraction of the PtNiCuMoCoIr catalyst prepared in this example is shown in FIG. Figure 1 .

[0058] The transmission electron microscopy of the PtNiCuMoCoIr catalyst prepared in this example shows Figure 2 .

[0059] The atomically resolved high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy image of the PtNiCuMoCoIr catalyst prepared in this example is shown in Figure 3 .

[0060] The energy spectrum scanning diagram of the PtNiCuMoCoIr catalyst prepared in this example is shown in Figure 4 .

[0061] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the XRD pattern of the synthesized PtNiCuMoCoIr catalyst shows that the alloy exhibits a face-centered cubic structure. Figure 2 It can be seen that the synthesized PtNiCuMoCoIr alloy is uniformly dispersed on the carbon support and exhibits an octahedral morphology with an average side length of 2.8 nm. Figure 3 The AC HAADF-STEM image of the PtNiCuMoCoIr octahedral alloy shows that the octahedron specifically exposes the (111) crystal plane. Figure 4 It can be seen that the six metal elements are evenly distributed in the octahedron.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] The preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst (PtNiCuMoCoIr) provided in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1 as follows:

[0064] 2) The obtained suspension was heated and stirred at 170°C for 12 h and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

[0065] The catalyst obtained in Example 2 is recorded as PtNiCuMoCoIr-170°C.

[0066] The PtNiCuMoCoIr alloy synthesized in Example 2 is uniformly dispersed on the carbon support and exhibits an octahedral morphology with an average side length of 3.0 nm.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] The preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst (PtNiCuMoCoIr) provided in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1 as follows:

[0069] 2) The obtained suspension was heated and stirred at 180°C for 12 h and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

[0070] The catalyst obtained in Example 3 is recorded as PtNiCuMoCoIr-180°C.

[0071] The PtNiCuMoCoIr alloy synthesized in Example 3 is uniformly dispersed on the carbon support and exhibits an octahedral morphology with an average side length of 3.0 nm.

[0072] The powder X-ray diffraction of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-170°C catalyst prepared in Example 2 is shown in Figure 5 .

[0073] The powder X-ray diffraction of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-180°C catalyst prepared in Example 3 is shown in Figure 6 .

[0074] The transmission electron microscopy of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-170°C catalyst prepared in Example 2 shows Figure 7 .

[0075] The transmission electron microscopy of the PtNiCuMoCoIr-180°C catalyst prepared in Example 3 shows Figure 8 .

[0076] Depend on Figure 5-8 It can be seen that the synthesized PtNiCuMoCoIr-170℃ and PtNiCuMoCoIr-180℃ both exhibit octahedral morphology and are uniformly loaded on the commercial carbon support.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] The preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst (PtNiCuMoCoIr) provided in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1 as follows:

[0079] The carbon material used in step 1) is Ketjenblack ECP-600JD.

[0080] The powder X-ray diffraction of the catalyst prepared in Example 4 is shown in Fig. 9 .

[0081] Example 5

[0082] The preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst (PtNiCuMo) provided in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1 as follows:

[0083] 1) Weigh 80 mg Ketjenblack EC-300J, 1000 mg benzoic acid, 30 mg Pt(acac)2, 15 mg Ni(acac)2, 10 mg Cu(acac)2, and 11 mg Mo(CO)6 into 40 mL N,N-dimethylformamide and ultrasonicate for 30 minutes to make the suspension evenly dispersed.

[0084] Example 6

[0085] The preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst (PtNiCuMoCo) provided in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1 as follows:

[0086] 1) Weigh 80 mg Ketjenblack EC-300J, 1000 mg benzoic acid, 30 mg Pt(acac)2, 15 mg Ni(acac)2, 10 mg Cu(acac)2, 11 mg Mo(CO)6, and 20 mg Co(acac)2 into 40 mL N,N-dimethylformamide and sonicate for 30 minutes to make the suspension evenly dispersed.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] The difference between the preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is as follows:

[0089] 1) Weigh 80 mg Ketjenblack EC-300J, 1000 mg benzoic acid, 30 mg Pt(acac)2 and 15 mg Ni(acac)2 into 40 mL N,N-dimethylformamide and sonicate for 30 minutes to make the suspension evenly dispersed.

[0090] The catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 is recorded as PtNi.

[0091] Fig.10 It is the XRD pattern of the catalyst, which shows that the catalyst still has a face-centered cubic structure. Fig.11 It is the TEM image of the catalyst, which shows that the alloy catalyst has an octahedral structure with an average side length of 4.9nm.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] The difference between the preparation process of the fuel cell catalyst of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is as follows:

[0094] 1) Weigh 80 mg Ketjenblack EC-300J, 1000 mg benzoic acid, 30 mg Pt(acac)2, 15 mg Ni(acac)2 and 10 mg Cu(acac)2 into 40 mL N,N-dimethylformamide and sonicate for 30 minutes to make the suspension evenly dispersed.

[0095] The catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 2 is recorded as PtNiCu.

[0096] Fig.12 This is the XRD diagram of the catalyst, which shows that the catalyst still has a face-centered cubic structure. Fig.13 This is the TEM image of the catalyst, which shows that the alloy catalyst has an octahedral structure with an average side length of 3.6 nm.

[0097] The catalyst performance of the embodiments of the present invention and the comparative examples was tested as follows:

[0098] (1) Catalytic activity test of catalyst

[0099] 4 mg of the catalyst was dissolved in 1 mL of a mixed solution of isopropanol, distilled water and 5 wt % Nafion solution (the volumes of isopropanol, distilled water and Nafion were 495 μL, 495 μL and 10 μL, respectively) and ultrasonicated for 1 hour to form a uniform slurry.

[0100] Take 5 μL of the above uniform slurry and drop it onto the rotating disk electrode. Dry it at room temperature to form a uniform film. -1 HClO4+1mol L -1 The test was carried out in a CH3OH solution with a test voltage range of 0.1-1.2 V (relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode).

[0101] (2) Catalyst stability (anti-poisoning performance) test

[0102] 4 mg of the catalyst was dissolved in 1 mL of a mixed solution of isopropanol, distilled water, and Nafion solution (the volumes of isopropanol, distilled water, and Nafion were 495 μL, 495 μL, and 10 μL, respectively) and ultrasonicated for 1 hour to form a uniform slurry. Then 5 μL of the above uniform slurry was dropped onto a rotating disk electrode and dried at room temperature to form a uniform film. -1 HClO4+1mol L - 1 The initial CV curves were collected in CH3OH solution.

[0103] The constant potential test was carried out at a potential of 0.77 V relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, and another CV curve was collected after 3600 s to evaluate the stability of the catalyst.

[0104] The performance test results of the catalysts of the embodiments and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Table 1

[0106] Catalytic activity Average side length Example 1 <![CDATA[3.34A mg PGM -1 ]]> 2.8nm Example 5 <![CDATA[2.02A mg PGM -1 ]]> 3.3nm Example 6 <![CDATA[2.54A mg PGM -1 ]]> 3.1nm Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[0.73A mg PGM -1 ]]> 4.9nm Comparative Example 2 <![CDATA[1.50A mg PGM -1 ]]> 3.6nm

[0107] It can be seen from Table 1 that the catalytic activity of the catalyst of the embodiment of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the comparative example, and the average side length of the PtM octahedron is less than 3.5 nm. Fig.14 ,from Fig.14 It can be seen that the PtNiCuMoCoIr octahedral alloy of Example 1 shows excellent electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation, and its mass activity can reach 3.34A mg PGM -1 The stability test results of the catalyst in Example 1 are shown in Fig.15 After the stability test, the CV curve current only slightly decreased, indicating that the catalyst has excellent stability. Fig.16 After the stability test, the current of the CV curve dropped significantly.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell catalyst, characterized in that: It includes a carbon support and an active component PtM, wherein M contains at least three metal elements of Ni, Cu, Mo, Co, and Ir.

2. The fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active ingredient PtM is in the form of an octahedron, and the side length of the octahedron is no greater than 3.5 nm, preferably 2 nm to 3 nm.

3. The fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the active ingredient PtM, the molar ratio of Pt to M is (2-5): (5-8).

4. The fuel cell catalyst according to claim 3, characterized in that: Based on the total molar number of M, the molar proportion of Ni is 0-60%, the molar proportion of Cu is 0-70%, the molar proportion of Mo is 0-45%, the molar proportion of Co is 0-30%, and the molar proportion of Ir is 0-30%.

5. The fuel cell catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: M includes Ni, Cu, Mo, Co and Ir; Preferably, based on the total molar number of M, the molar proportion of Ni is 20-40%, the molar proportion of Cu is 25-50%, the molar proportion of Mo is 10-20%, the molar proportion of Co is 5-10%, and the molar proportion of Ir is 5-10%.

6. The fuel cell catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The loading amount of Pt is 5-15 wt % based on the total mass of the fuel cell catalyst.

7. A method for preparing the fuel cell catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: (1) dispersing the carbon material, structure directing agent, Pt salt and M metal salt in an organic solvent and ultrasonically treating the organic solvent to obtain a suspension; (2) The suspension is subjected to heat treatment, centrifuged, washed and dried.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (1), the concentration of the carbon material in the suspension is 1-4 mg·mL -1 ; And / or, the mass ratio of the carbon material to the Pt salt is (0.5-5):1; and / or, the concentration of the structure directing agent in the suspension is 10-30 mg / mL; And / or, in step (2), the heat treatment temperature is 140-180° C. and the heat treatment time is 6-24 hours.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The carbon material is selected from one of Vulcan XC-72, Ketjenblack EC-300J, Ketjenblack ECP-600JD and BLACK PEARLS®2000; and / or, the structure directing agent is selected from one or more of benzoic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride; And / or, the Pt salt is selected from one or more of platinum acetylacetonate, chloroplatinic acid, and platinum chloride salt; And / or, the M metal salt is selected from one or more of M metal chloride, M metal nitrate, M metal oxalate, M metal sulfate, M metal acetylacetonate, and M carbonyl compound; And / or, the M metal salt is selected from one or more of Ni(acac)2, Cu(acac)2, Mo(CO)6, Co(acac)2 and Ir(acac)3.

10. Use of the fuel cell catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in electrocatalytic methanol production.

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