Drainage method and device of fuel cell and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a drainage method and device of a fuel cell and a storage medium. The drainage method of the fuel cell comprises the following steps: acquiring an accumulated output electric energy set value and an accumulated output electric energy actual value of the fuel cell; when the accumulative output electric energy actual value reaches the accumulative output electric energy set value, a drain valve of a steam-water separator of the fuel cell is controlled to be opened; the preset opening duration and the actual opening duration of the drainage valve are obtained; and when the actual opening duration of the drainage valve reaches the preset opening duration, the drainage valve is controlled to be closed. According to the scheme, the water level of accumulated water in the steam-water separator is judged through the accumulated output electric energy of the fuel cell, a liquid level switch is not needed to monitor the water level, external influences caused by inclination, swinging and jolting of the fuel cell are avoided, misoperation is reduced, the opening and closing time of the drainage valve can be completely decided by software of the control unit, reliability is high, and safety is high. And the structure is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a drainage method, device and storage medium for a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is an efficient and environmentally friendly power generation device that can directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. At present, the drainage of fuel cells is mainly achieved through a water separator, which is equipped with a liquid level switch. When the water volume triggers the liquid level switch to operate, the drainage solenoid valve opens, and when the liquid level drops to a certain level, the drainage solenoid valve closes.

[0003] Publication No. CN118412490A discloses a drainage method, drainage equipment and gas-water separation device for a fuel cell, which uses the on-off signal of the liquid level sensor as direct feedback to achieve precise control of the liquid level to solve the problems of low control accuracy and frequent on-off of the drainage solenoid valve existing in traditional control devices and methods.

[0004] However, the level switch of the drainage device is usually a float switch or a photoelectric level switch. The float switch is prone to malfunction when the generator is tilted, swung, or bumped, and the structure has a limited lifespan. The external photoelectric level switch is also prone to malfunction when the generator is tilted, swung, or bumped, and the probe of the built-in photoelectric level switch is often easily hung with water droplets, which leads to malfunction, and then leads to unsatisfactory drainage effect of the fuel cell. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies and propose a fuel cell drainage method to solve the technical problem that the liquid level switch in the gas-water separator of the fuel cell in the prior art is prone to malfunction, resulting in unsatisfactory drainage effect.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell drainage method, comprising the steps of: Obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell; When the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy reaches the set value of the accumulated output electric energy, controlling the drain valve of the steam-water separator of the fuel cell to open; Obtaining the preset opening time and actual opening time of the drain valve; When the actual opening time of the drain valve reaches the preset opening time, the drain valve is controlled to be closed.

[0007] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell includes: The preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level of the steam-water separator are obtained, and when the water in the steam-water separator accumulates from the preset safety water level to the preset drainage water level, the output power of the fuel cell is accumulated to obtain the accumulated output power setting value.

[0008] In some embodiments, the accumulated water in the steam-water separator is able to seal the drain valve when it reaches the preset safe water level.

[0009] In some embodiments, after the step of obtaining the preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level of the steam-water separator, and accumulating the output power of the fuel cell when the steam-water separator accumulates water from the preset safety water level to the preset drainage water level to obtain the accumulated output power setting value, before the step of obtaining the preset opening time and the actual opening time of the drain valve includes: Acquire the drainage flow of the drainage valve, and acquire the water storage volume corresponding to the preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level to obtain the drainage volume; The preset drainage time is determined according to the drainage volume and the drainage flow rate.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy reaches the set value of the accumulated output electric energy, the step of controlling the drain valve of the steam-water separator of the fuel cell to open comprises: Determining an output power correction value according to a fuel ratio parameter of the fuel cell and an operating environment temperature; When the accumulated output electric energy actual value reaches the product of the accumulated output electric energy set value and the output electric energy correction value, the drain valve is controlled to open.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell includes: The actual power of the fuel cell is acquired, and integration is performed according to the actual power to obtain the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the actual power of the fuel cell and integrating and accumulating the actual power to obtain the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy includes: The instantaneous value P of the actual power is collected multiple times, and the accumulated output electric energy actual value W is calculated according to the instantaneous value of the actual power collected multiple times, and the formula is as follows: In the formula, P (t n ) is the fuel cell at t nThe instantaneous value of the actual power at the time, Δt is the collection time interval, and n is the number of collection times.

[0013] In some embodiments, the acquisition time interval Δt≤0.1 seconds.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a drainage device for a fuel cell, the drainage device for the fuel cell comprising: a memory, a processor, and a fuel cell drainage method control program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the fuel cell drainage method control program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the fuel cell drainage method as described in any one of the above items.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a fuel cell drainage method control program, which implements the steps of the fuel cell drainage method as described in any one of the above items when executed by a processor.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, in the drainage method of the fuel cell provided by the present invention, when the actual value of the accumulated output power reaches the preset value of the accumulated output power, the drain valve is controlled to open for drainage, that is, when the total output power of the actual working time of the fuel cell in a drainage cycle reaches the preset value, the drain valve is opened to discharge the accumulated water in the steam-water separator, and the drain valve is closed after being opened for a certain period of time to ensure the sealing of the gas path inside the battery. It can be seen that this scheme determines the water level of the accumulated water in the steam-water separator by the accumulated output power of the fuel cell, does not require a liquid level switch to monitor the water level, will not be affected by the external influence of the tilt, swing and bump of the fuel cell, reduces malfunction, and the opening and closing time of the drain valve can be completely determined by the software of the control unit, with high reliability and simple structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of a fuel cell water drainage method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination of a gas-water separator, a liquid level pipe and a drain valve in a fuel cell in one embodiment; Figure 3 is a calculation block diagram of DC electric energy in a seventh embodiment of a fuel cell drainage method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a drainage device for a fuel cell in a hardware operating environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Description of reference numerals: 1. Steam-water separator; 2. Drain valve; 3. Liquid level pipe; 4. Control unit; 1001. Processor; 1002. Communication bus; 1003. User interface; 1004. Network interface; 1005. Memory. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] In order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the liquid level switch in the steam-water separator of the fuel cell is prone to malfunction, resulting in unsatisfactory drainage effect, the present invention provides a drainage method for a fuel cell, which can judge the water level of the accumulated water in the steam-water separator by the accumulated output electrical energy of the fuel cell, does not require a liquid level switch to monitor the water level, will not be affected by external influences such as the tilt, swing and bump of the fuel cell, reduces malfunction, and the opening and closing time of the drain valve can be completely decided by the software of the control unit, has high reliability and simple structure.

[0021] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 Flow chart of the first embodiment of the fuel cell drainage method of the present invention. The first embodiment of the fuel cell drainage method includes the following steps: Obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell; When the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy reaches the set value of the accumulated output electric energy, the drain valve 2 of the steam-water separator 1 of the fuel cell is controlled to open; Obtain the preset opening time and actual opening time of the drain valve 2; When the actual opening time of the drain valve 2 reaches the preset opening time, the drain valve 2 is controlled to close.

[0022] In the drainage method of the fuel cell provided by the present invention, when the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy reaches the preset value of the accumulated output electric energy, the drain valve 2 is controlled to open for drainage, that is, when the total output electric energy of the actual working time of the fuel cell in a drainage cycle reaches the preset value, the drain valve 2 is opened to discharge the accumulated water in the steam-water separator 1, and the drain valve 2 is closed after being opened for a certain period of time to ensure the sealing of the gas path inside the battery. It can be seen that this scheme determines the water level of the accumulated water in the steam-water separator 1 by the accumulated output electric energy of the fuel cell, does not require a liquid level switch to monitor the water level, will not be affected by the external influence of the tilt, swing and bump of the fuel cell, reduces malfunction, and the opening and closing time of the drain valve 2 can be completely determined by the software of the control unit 4, with high reliability and simple structure.

[0023] It should be understood that see Figure 2 In the process of the fuel cell outputting electric energy, the fuel continuously removes water through the water-gas separator 1, that is, when the electric energy of the fuel cell is accumulated, the water in the water-gas separator 1 is also accumulated, so that the water level in the water-gas separator 1 can be judged by the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy of the fuel cell, and the accumulated water in the water-gas separator 1 can be discharged in a timely and accurate manner.

[0024] In the second embodiment of the fuel cell water discharge method, the step of obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell includes: The preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level of the water separator 1 are obtained, and when the water in the water separator 1 accumulates from the preset safety water level to the preset drainage water level, the output power of the fuel cell is accumulated to obtain the accumulated output power setting value.

[0025] In this embodiment, during the preliminary test of the fuel cell, the accumulated output electric energy when the liquid level in the steam-water separator 1 reaches the drainage height H0 from the safety water level is recorded, and the output electric energy is used as the accumulated output energy setting value, so that when the liquid level in the steam-water separator 1 reaches the drainage height later, the control unit 4 can give timely feedback. It should be understood that the preset safety water level is the water level when the accumulated water in the steam-water separator is at a low level, at which time the accumulated water has no adverse effect on the fuel, and the preset safety water level is lower than the preset drainage water level.

[0026] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the steam-water separator 1 removes liquid water from the steam-water mixture by using the principles of deceleration, centrifugation, collision, direction change and condensation. When the moisture condenses during the cooling process and encounters the baffle in the steam-water separator 1, it is forced to change direction and rotate at a designed speed, and the liquid is efficiently separated under the action of centrifugal force, and finally flows to the bottom of the steam-water separator 1.

[0027] In this embodiment, the steam-water separator 1 adopts an aluminum hollow box of 240 mm*100 mm*170 mm, which is divided into 10 baffles from left to right. The fuel mixture enters on the left and exits on the right, so that the water in the high-temperature mixture can be fully separated.

[0028] At the same time, an interface for connecting the liquid level tube 3 is left on the water storage tank of the steam-water separator 1. The main function of the liquid level tube 3 is to observe the water level in the steam-water separator 1 when calculating the time integral of the fuel cell output power in the early stage, so as to determine the height of the liquid level when the integral reaches a certain value. When the control parameters are mastered, the liquid level tube 3 can be removed.

[0029] This embodiment uses a PFA (fusible polytetrafluoroethylene) modified tetrafluoroethylene hard tube with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 10 cm. The tube is resistant to high pressure and aging, has stable chemical properties after many years of use, and has low maintenance costs.

[0030] The drain valve 2 is a solenoid valve, which mainly discharges the water stored in the steam-water separator 1 and is driven and controlled by the control unit 4. In this embodiment, the drain solenoid valve is powered by DC24V, has a 2-point pipe diameter, a medium temperature of -5 to 150°C, is a normally closed type, and has a valve body made of stainless steel, which is durable and has a longer life.

[0031] In the third embodiment of the fuel cell water drainage method, the water accumulated in the water separator 1 is able to seal the drainage valve 2 when it reaches a preset safety water level.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the liquid level in the steam-water separator 1 reaches a safe water level, some water is still retained in the water storage tank in the steam-water separator 1 to seal the drain valve 2 with water, thereby ensuring the sealing of the battery gas path and improving safety performance.

[0033] In a fourth embodiment of the fuel cell drainage method, after the step of obtaining the preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level of the water-gas separator 1, and accumulating the output electric energy of the fuel cell when the water-gas separator 1 accumulates water from the preset safety water level to the preset drainage water level to obtain the accumulated output electric energy setting value, before the step of obtaining the preset opening time and the actual opening time of the drainage valve 2, the method includes: Obtain the drainage flow of the drainage valve 2, and obtain the water storage volume corresponding to the preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level to obtain the drainage volume; The preset drainage time is determined according to the drainage volume and drainage flow.

[0034] In this embodiment, the drainage volume within the drainage cycle is determined based on the volume corresponding to the drainage water level and the safe water level in the steam-water separator 1, and then the preset drainage time is determined based on the quotient of the drainage volume and the drainage flow of the drain valve 2 to ensure that the accumulated water in the steam-water separator 1 can be drained to the safe water level during drainage to obtain a better drainage effect.

[0035] In the fifth embodiment of the fuel cell water drainage method, the step of controlling the water drainage valve 2 of the water separator 1 of the fuel cell to open when the actual value of the accumulated output power reaches the set value of the accumulated output power includes: Determine the output power correction value according to the fuel ratio parameters of the fuel cell and the working environment temperature; When the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy reaches the product of the set value of the accumulated output electric energy and the correction value of the output electric energy, the drain valve 2 of the steam-water separator 1 of the fuel cell is controlled to open.

[0036] In this embodiment, considering that both the fuel ratio parameters and the working environment temperature affect the dehydration effect in the steam-water separator 1, an output power correction value is given according to the fuel ratio parameters and the working environment temperature to correct the accumulated output power setting value and improve the accuracy of the opening time of the drain valve 2.

[0037] In the sixth embodiment of the fuel cell water discharge method, the step of obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell comprises: The actual power of the fuel cell is obtained, and integrated and accumulated according to the actual power to obtain the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy.

[0038] In this embodiment, the control unit 4 integrates and accumulates the actual output electrical energy of the fuel cell as φ(ΣPΔt or ΣUIΔt), where P is the instantaneous value of the actual output power of the fuel cell, U is the instantaneous value of the actual output voltage of the fuel cell, and I is the instantaneous value of the actual output current of the fuel cell. When the accumulated value of the actual output electrical energy reaches a preset value φ0, the drain valve 2 is driven to open. After the drain valve 2 is opened for a predetermined time, the control unit 4 drives the drain solenoid valve to close.

[0039] In the seventh embodiment of the fuel cell water discharge method, the step of obtaining the actual power of the fuel cell and integrating and accumulating the actual power to obtain the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy includes: The instantaneous value P of actual power is collected multiple times, and the actual value W of accumulated output electric energy is calculated based on the instantaneous value of actual power collected multiple times. The formula is as follows: In the formula, P (t n ) is the fuel cell at t n The instantaneous value of the actual power at the moment, Δt is the collection time interval, and n is the number of collections.

[0040] It should be noted that the commonly used integration algorithm is the rectangular integration method. With the increase of the amplitude of the power consumption P curve over time t, the actual electric energy value is greater than the electric energy value calculated by the rectangular integration algorithm; conversely, when the amplitude of the power curve decreases, the actual electric energy value is less than the electric energy value calculated by the rectangular integration algorithm. In the AC system, the voltage and current signals are periodic sinusoidal signals. When the distortion is not serious, the rectangular integration algorithm can be used to offset the positive and negative measurement errors of the voltage and current signals within a cycle, and the resulting loss of integral measurement accuracy can be ignored.

[0041] The fuel cell is a DC system. Since the voltage and current signals are non-periodic signals, the errors generated by the rectangular integration algorithm in the calculation process will not only not offset each other, but will also continue to accumulate. The problem of affecting the calculation accuracy caused by the rectangular integration algorithm cannot be ignored. In severe cases, it will cause the fuel cell stack to be flooded, resulting in a malfunction and shutdown.

[0042] In order to improve the calculation accuracy of fuel cell DC integration, reduce cumulative errors, improve the measurement accuracy of integration in a stable state, and to meet the requirements of dynamic measurement accuracy under impact loads to a certain extent, finding and in-depth research on high-precision integration algorithms is a practical solution to improve the DC integration accuracy of fuel cells.

[0043] To improve the DC integration accuracy of fuel cells, refer to Figure 3 , proposed to use the Newton-Cotes algorithm to replace the traditional rectangular integration method to calculate DC voltage and current. The selected algorithm can better reflect the advantages of the selected algorithm when the DC load is in dynamic change.

[0044] The trapezoidal formula for the Newton-Cotes integration algorithm is as follows: In order to make the integral result as accurate as possible, the integrated interval can be divided into multiple small intervals, and then the divided small intervals are estimated one by one. The formula is as follows: Therefore, without considering the calculation error caused by the edge electrical characteristics, the formula for calculating the power consumption of the DC load in the DC network using the trapezoidal integration algorithm is: Among them, u (t i ) is t i The voltage value at the moment, i (t i ) is t i The current value at the moment, Δt is the sampling time interval, n is the number of sampling times, and the Newton-Cotes integration algorithm is used to calculate the fuel cell power generation system. The flow chart is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0045] In one embodiment, the collection time interval Δt is set to ≤ 0.1 seconds. Specifically, in this solution, the collection time interval Δt is set to 0.1 seconds.

[0046] In addition, the present invention also provides a drainage device for a fuel cell, which may include: a processor 1001, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004 and a memory 1005. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display), and the user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The wired interface of the user interface 1003 may be a USB interface in the present invention. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a wireless fidelity (WIreless-FIdelity, WI-FI) interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) memory, or a stable memory (Non-volatile Memory, NVM), such as a disk memory. The memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the drainage device of the fuel cell, and may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the memory 1005 identified as a computer storage medium may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a fuel cell water drainage method control program.

[0049] exist Figure 4 In the fuel cell drainage device shown, the network interface 1004 is mainly used to connect to the background server and communicate data with the background server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used to connect to the user device; the fuel cell drainage device calls the fuel cell drainage method control program stored in the memory 1005 through the processor 1001, and correspondingly executes the fuel cell drainage method provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] In addition, the present invention also provides a storage medium on which a fuel cell drainage method control program is stored. When the fuel cell drainage method control program is executed by a processor, the steps of the fuel cell drainage method as described above are implemented.

[0051] In order to better understand the present invention, the following Figures 1 to 4 The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail: In the early stage of the test, the actual total output power value is obtained when the liquid level in the steam-water separator 1 reaches the drainage height H0, and this value is used as the comparison working constant when the power generation module is running in the later stage. When the liquid level reaches the drainage height, the drain valve 2 is controlled to open, and after the liquid level in the steam-water separator 1 is reduced to the required safe height, the opening time of the drain valve 2 is recorded, and this value is also used as the working constant when the power generation module is running in the later stage.

[0052] In this way, during the operation of the fuel cell, the control unit 4 integrates the output electrical energy of the fuel cell. When the integral reaches a certain value, the control unit 4 drives the drain valve 2 to open and discharge the water stored in the steam-water separator 1. The drain valve 2 is closed after being opened for a certain period of time.

[0053] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell water discharge method, characterized in that: Includes steps: Obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell; When the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy reaches the set value of the accumulated output electric energy, controlling the drain valve of the steam-water separator of the fuel cell to open; Obtaining the preset opening time and actual opening time of the drain valve; When the actual opening time of the drain valve reaches the preset opening time, the drain valve is controlled to be closed.

2. The fuel cell water discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell includes the following steps: The preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level of the steam-water separator are obtained, and when the water in the steam-water separator accumulates from the preset safety water level to the preset drainage water level, the output power of the fuel cell is accumulated to obtain the accumulated output power setting value.

3. The fuel cell water discharge method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the accumulated water in the steam-water separator is at the preset safe water level, the drain valve can be sealed with water.

4. The fuel cell water discharge method according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the step of obtaining the preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level of the steam-water separator, and accumulating the output power of the fuel cell when the steam-water separator accumulates water from the preset safety water level to the preset drainage water level to obtain the accumulated output power setting value, before the step of obtaining the preset opening time and the actual opening time of the drain valve, the method includes: Acquire the drainage flow of the drainage valve, and acquire the water storage volume corresponding to the preset drainage water level and the preset safety water level to obtain the drainage volume; The preset drainage time is determined according to the drainage volume and the drainage flow rate.

5. The fuel cell water discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of controlling the drain valve of the steam-water separator of the fuel cell to open when the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy reaches the set value of the accumulated output electric energy comprises: Determining an output power correction value according to a fuel ratio parameter of the fuel cell and an operating environment temperature; When the accumulated output electric energy actual value reaches the product of the accumulated output electric energy set value and the output electric energy correction value, the drain valve is controlled to open.

6. The fuel cell water discharge method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of obtaining the cumulative output power setting value and the cumulative output power actual value of the fuel cell include: The actual power of the fuel cell is acquired, and integration is performed according to the actual power to obtain the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy.

7. The fuel cell water discharge method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the actual power of the fuel cell and integrating and accumulating the actual power to obtain the actual value of the accumulated output electric energy includes: The instantaneous value P of the actual power is collected multiple times, and the accumulated output electric energy actual value W is calculated according to the instantaneous value of the actual power collected multiple times, and the formula is as follows: In the formula, P (t n ) is the fuel cell at t n The instantaneous value of the actual power at the time, Δt is the collection time interval, and n is the number of collection times.

8. The fuel cell water discharge method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The acquisition time interval Δt≤0.1 second.

9. A drainage device for a fuel cell, characterized in that: The drainage device of the fuel cell includes: a memory, a processor, and a fuel cell drainage method control program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the fuel cell drainage method control program is executed by the processor, the steps of the fuel cell drainage method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a fuel cell water discharge method control program, and when the fuel cell water discharge method control program is executed by the processor, the steps of the fuel cell water discharge method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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