Base station antenna and feed system

Abstract

The invention relates to a base station antenna and a feed system, a balun arm or a balun arm and a base, on one hand, the base station antenna is used as a feed conductor radio frequency ground; and on the other hand, the radio frequency transmission line formed by the feed conductor and the feed conductor replaces the original coaxial cable to feed the radiation arm, namely, the feed conductor is placed in the feed area arranged on the radiation arm to form the radio frequency transmission line to feed. The tail end conductor sections of the two feed conductors gather together, are arranged at intervals and are installed on the first grounding part, the first grounding part is reused as the radio frequency ground, compared with a previous structure, the link of welding with a combining component is omitted, connection nodes of the feed conductors and a feed network are reduced, and therefore loss of an antenna radio frequency link is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular to a base station antenna and a feeding system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of society, people have higher expectations for low-carbon and green development in all walks of life. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China have both put forward clear reduction targets for energy consumption and carbon emissions in the information and communication industry. As an important device for realizing field energy conversion of mobile communication networks and precise coverage of wireless networks, base station antennas play an important role in energy conservation, carbon reduction and network performance improvement. The development of the antenna industry has the following requirements for multi-standard fusion base station antennas for mainstream applications: 1. Realize green and environmentally friendly antennas, which is reflected in the "free" electroplating of antenna components; 2. High radiation efficiency and highly integrated integration; 3. Reduce solder joints and improve intermodulation indicators; 4. Lower costs to obtain higher returns.

[0003] The radiation unit is one of the core components of the multi-standard fusion base station antenna. Since the multi-standard fusion base station antenna integrates radiation units of multiple frequency bands, its design and radiation are complex. In addition, there are many solder joints and assembly processes, which easily lead to unstable intermodulation. In order to feed power through coaxial cables, the conventional bowl-shaped binary array radiation unit often needs to electroplate the metal part of the entire radiation unit and weld the feeding point. However, electroplating and welding will cause environmental pollution and increase costs. The need for electroplating in large areas makes it difficult for the radiation unit to meet the green and low-carbon manufacturing requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a base station antenna and feeding system, which can reduce connection points and welding points, ensure intermodulation performance, reduce costs, and be more environmentally friendly.

[0005] A feeding system, comprising:

[0006] A balun structure, the balun structure comprising a base and two balun arms, the bottom of each balun arm is respectively connected to the base, and the bottom of the balun arm or the base is provided with a first grounding portion;

[0007] Two feeding conductors, each of which is correspondingly arranged at each of the balun arms; both of the two feeding conductors are provided with an end conductor segment, the two end conductor segments are gathered and spaced apart at the first grounding portion, and both reuse the first grounding portion as a radio frequency ground;

[0008] A phase shifter, the phase shifter comprising a phase shift cavity and a phase shift circuit arranged inside the phase shift cavity, the phase shift cavity being the radio frequency ground of the phase shift circuit, the phase shift circuit being provided with a feed strip line and two feed strip line ports, the two feed strip line docking portions being electrically connected to the feed strip line, and the two terminal conductor segments extending into the interior of the phase shift cavity being respectively connected to the two feed strip line ports.

[0009] In one embodiment, the base is coupled to the phase-shifting cavity and is electrically connected or directly electrically connected.

[0010] In one embodiment, a first avoidance hole is formed on the side wall of the phase-shift cavity facing the base, and the two terminal conductor segments extend into the phase-shift cavity through the first avoidance hole and are electrically connected to the two feeding strip line ports of the feeding network in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0011] In one embodiment, a reflective plate is provided between the base and the phase shift cavity; the reflective plate is provided with a second avoidance hole corresponding to the position of the first avoidance hole;

[0012] The feeding system further comprises a connecting member, and the phase-shifting cavity and the base are connected and fixedly connected via the connecting member.

[0013] In one embodiment, the reflection plate is electrically connected to the phase shift cavity, and the base is coupled electrically connected to the reflection plate or directly electrically connected to the reflection plate.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, an operation hole is formed on a side wall of the phase-shifting cavity facing away from the base, and the operation hole is arranged corresponding to the positions of two feeding stripline ports of the feeding network.

[0015] A feeding system, comprising:

[0016] A balun structure, the balun structure comprising a base and two balun arms, the bottom of each balun arm is respectively connected to the base, and the bottom of the balun arm or the base is provided with a first grounding portion;

[0017] Two feeding conductors, each of which is correspondingly arranged at each of the balun arms; both of the two feeding conductors are provided with an end conductor segment, the two end conductor segments are gathered and spaced apart at the first grounding portion, and both reuse the first grounding portion as a radio frequency ground;

[0018] A feed circuit board, wherein the feed circuit board is provided with a feed network and a grounding layer, wherein the feed network and the grounding layer are respectively located on two different layers of the feed circuit board, wherein the grounding layer is a radio frequency ground of the feed network, wherein the feed network is provided with a feed strip line and two feed strip line ports, wherein the two feed strip line port docking parts are both electrically connected to the feed strip line, and wherein the two terminal conductor segments extend from the first grounding part to the feed circuit board and are respectively connected to the two feed strip line ports.

[0019] In one embodiment, the base is electrically coupled or directly electrically connected to a radio frequency ground of the feed network.

[0020] In one embodiment, the two terminal conductor segments are respectively coupled and electrically connected or directly electrically connected to the two feeding stripline ports.

[0021] In one embodiment, the two terminal conductor segments, the first ground portion, the two feed stripline ports, and the radio frequency grounds of the two feed stripline ports together constitute a power divider.

[0022] In one of the embodiments, the power of the radio frequency signals on the two radiating arms is adjusted by adjusting the impedance parameters of the two terminal conductor segments and / or the impedance parameters of the two feeding stripline ports in the power divider.

[0023] In one of the embodiments, the impedance parameter adjustment of the two terminal conductor segments can be achieved by at least one of the cross-sectional dimensions of the two terminal conductor segments, the distance between each of the two terminal conductor segments and the first grounding portion, and the spacing between the two terminal conductor segments; the impedance parameter adjustment of the two feeding stripline ports can be achieved by at least one of the cross-sectional dimensions of the two feeding stripline ports, the distance between each of the two feeding stripline ports and the radio frequency ground, and the spacing between the two feeding stripline ports.

[0024] In one of the embodiments, an insulating layer is provided on the outer wall of the feed conductor.

[0025] In one embodiment, the feeding system further includes a dielectric member, and the dielectric member is disposed between the first grounding portion and the terminal conductor segment.

[0026] In one embodiment, the dielectric member is disposed between the first grounding portion and the terminal conductor segment; or the dielectric member is integrated between the first grounding portion and the terminal conductor segment by injection molding.

[0027] In one embodiment, the first grounding portion is integrally formed with the bottom of the balun arm or the base.

[0028] In one embodiment, each of the feed conductors is correspondingly arranged with each of the balun arms and the first grounding portion to form a transmission line for feeding, and the head end conductor segments of the two feed conductors are set as open ends.

[0029] In one of the embodiments, the feed conductor is arranged on the front side of the balun arm, on the back side of the balun arm, or on the side side of the balun arm.

[0030] In one of the embodiments, the feed conductor includes a main conductor segment and a head end conductor segment connected to the main conductor segment; the balun arm includes two radiating arms, and each of the balun arms includes two balun arms; each of the balun arms is correspondingly connected to each of the radiating arms; for the correspondingly connected balun arms and the radiating arms, the main conductor segment is arranged on one of the balun arms, and the head end conductor segment is coupled and fed with the other balun arm or is coupled and fed with the radiating arm connected to the other balun arm.

[0031] In one of the embodiments, the first grounding portion is provided with a through hole, and the end conductor segments of the two feed conductors are both inserted into the same through hole; or, the first grounding portion is provided with two through holes, and the end conductor segments of the two feed conductors are inserted into the two through holes in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0032] In one embodiment, the feed conductor is arranged on the back side of the balun structure, the side wall of the first grounding portion is configured as a non-closed structure, and the end conductor segment of the feed conductor can penetrate into the first grounding portion from the outer periphery of the first grounding portion.

[0033] In one of the embodiments, the feeding system also includes a first insulating fixing member correspondingly arranged on the balun arm, and the first insulating fixing member is used to fix the feeding conductor on the balun arm; the feeding system also includes a second insulating fixing member arranged on the base, and the second insulating fixing member is used to fix the feeding conductor on the base.

[0034] In one embodiment, a hollow hole is provided on the balun arm and / or the base; the balun arm and the base are separately provided or integrally formed.

[0035] In one of the embodiments, each of the balun arms and / or the base is provided with a groove corresponding to the position of each of the feed conductors; the feed conductor is inserted into the groove corresponding to its position and is insulated from the balun structure.

[0036] In one embodiment, the feeding system further includes a fastener, which is disposed on the first grounding portion; a mounting surface is provided on the side wall of the first grounding portion, and the end conductor segments of the two feeding conductors are placed on the mounting surface and fixed to the first grounding portion by the fastener.

[0037] In one embodiment, the mounting surface is a plane or an arc-shaped surface; the fastener is grounded on the first grounding portion; the fastener is made of a dielectric material; and an insulating layer is provided on the outer wall of the terminal conductor segment of the feed conductor.

[0038] In one embodiment, the feeding system further includes a radiating arm, wherein the number of the radiating arms is four and the radiating arms are arranged diagonally in pairs, and the two radiating arms arranged diagonally are arranged to have the same polarization; the number of the balun arms is four and the four balun arms are connected to the four radiating arms accordingly; the number of the feeding conductors is four and the four feeding conductors are arranged to correspond to the four radiating arms; the number of the first grounding portions is at least two and the two first grounding portions are arranged to correspond to the two pairs of polarized feeding conductors one by one, respectively.

[0039] An antenna comprises the feeding system.

[0040] The above-mentioned base station antenna and feeding system, balun arm or balun arm and base, on the one hand, serve as the RF ground of the feeding conductor; on the other hand, the RF transmission line formed together with the feeding conductor replaces the original coaxial cable to feed the radiating arm, that is, the feeding conductor is placed in the feeding area set on the radiating arm to form a RF transmission line for feeding. The end conductor segments of the two feeding conductors are gathered and spaced apart, installed on the first grounding part, and the first grounding part is reused as the RF ground. Compared with the previous structure, the welding link with the combining component is eliminated, and the connection nodes between the feeding conductor of the feeding system and the feeding network are reduced, thereby reducing the loss of the antenna RF link.

[0041] Furthermore, two terminal conductor segments extend outward from the base and extend to two feed stripline ports of the feed network respectively, and the impedances of the two radiation arms are matched and connected with the two feed stripline ports of the feed network after impedance transformation by the terminal conductor segments. In other words, the corresponding impedance transformation is completed in the first grounding region, and the two radiation arms are matched and connected with the feed stripline ports of the feed network with a specific resistance value (e.g., 50Ω). Compared with the related art, on the one hand, there is no need to add an additional impedance transformer, thereby eliminating the special combining component; on the other hand, the power divider can be integrated, which not only realizes broadband impedance matching between the radiating unit and the feeding network, but also has the function of power distribution to the two radiating arms of the same polarization in the feeding system. In engineering applications, when used as a transmitting antenna, the feeding network feeds the first and second radio frequency signals through the two radiating arms of the same polarization of the power divider; when used as a receiving antenna, the feeding network receives the first and second radio frequency signals of the external space electromagnetic waves received by the two radiating arms through the power divider; by adjusting the impedance parameters of the end conductor segments of the two feeding conductors in the power divider and / or the impedance parameters of the two feeding strip line ports, the power of the first and second radio frequency signals can be adjusted.

[0042] In addition, the impedance parameter adjustment of the terminal conductor segment of the feed conductor can be achieved through at least one of the size of the terminal conductor segment, the distance between each terminal conductor segment and the first grounding portion, the spacing between the two terminal conductor segments, and the size of the medium around them, and the dielectric constant; similarly, the impedance parameter adjustment of the two feed stripline ports can be achieved through at least one of the cross-sectional size of the two feed stripline ports, the distance between each terminal conductor segment and the radio frequency ground of the feed stripline port, and the spacing between the two feed stripline ports. It can be seen that the impedance parameter design is flexible and convenient. In this way, on the one hand, this technical innovation solution reduces the solder joints and solder joint losses of the feeding system, and reduces the number of parts, greatly simplifies the production process, truly realizes the electroplating-free vibrator, achieves the green goal, reduces the types of materials, and also reduces costs and improves the problem of poor intermodulation stability of traditional solutions; on the other hand, the feeding system integrates a power divider with a clustered layout, and structurally realizes the simplest design of the feeding system as much as possible. Electrically, it realizes broadband impedance matching between the feeding system and the feeding network, and also realizes the power adjustment function of the RF signals transmitted / received by the two radiating arms of the same polarization in the feeding system. In network applications, it can provide more accurate coverage and reduce beam energy loss, thereby improving network communication quality and further saving energy and reducing emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at A.

[0045] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The structure diagram of the antenna shown is after the reflector is hidden.

[0046] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Another perspective structural diagram of the structure shown.

[0047] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at B.

[0048] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The structure shown is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the back side after hiding the reflector and the phase shifter.

[0049] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Structural diagram of the phase-shifting cavity in the structure shown.

[0050] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The structure shown is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the back side of the reflector and the phase shift cavity hidden.

[0051] Fig. 9 for Figure 1 The structure shown is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the back side after hiding the reflector and the phase shifter.

[0052] Fig.10 for Figure 1 The structure shown is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the back side after hiding the reflector and the phase shifter.

[0053] Fig.11 FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a feeding system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] Fig.12 This is a structural diagram of a feeding system according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Fig.13 This is a structural diagram of a feeding system according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0056] Fig.14 This is a structural diagram of a feeding system according to yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0057] Fig.15 for Figure 1 Structural diagram of the two feed conductors in the structure shown.

[0058] Fig.16 This is a structural diagram of a feeding conductor installed on a single arm of a balun according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Fig.17This is a structural diagram of a feeding conductor installed on a single arm of a balun according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Fig.18 This is a structural diagram of a feed conductor installed on a single arm of a balun according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0061] Fig.19 This is a structural diagram of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0062] Fig. 20 This is a simulation diagram of the radiation index of the feeding system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] Fig.21 FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of S parameters of a feeding system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Fig. 22 This is a simulation diagram of the radiation index of the feeding system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] 10. Radiating arm; 11. Radiating single arm; 12. Coupling slot; 20. Balun structure; 21. Base; 22. Balun arm; 221. Balun single arm; 222. Hollow hole; 23. First grounding part; 231. Through hole; 232. Slot; 24. Groove; 25. Dielectric member; 26. Second grounding part; 30. Feed conductor; 31. Head conductor segment; 32. Main conductor segment; 33. End conductor segment; 34. Insulating layer; 40. First insulating fixture; 50. Third insulating fixture; 60. Phase shifter; 61. Phase shift cavity; 611. First avoidance hole; 612. Operating hole; 62. Feed network; 621. Feed strip line; 6211. Feed strip line port; 70. Connector; 80. Reflector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0067] In the prior art, in order to realize the coaxial cable feeding the radiating arm, it is often necessary to electroplate the metal part of the entire radiating unit and weld the feeding point, which brings about environmental pollution and increased costs. Later, the industry proposed a technical solution to solve the problems of environmental pollution and high costs by using a feed conductor, a balun arm and a base to form a transmission line and connect it to a combiner component, and then connect the combiner component to the feeding network. The inventor found that although the above-mentioned new transmission line method can achieve electroplating-free, the bottom end of the feed conductor still needs to be welded to the combiner component, and then it is necessary to set a solderable layer on the inner conductor of the combiner component by electroplating, and adopt welding to achieve the welding connection between the combiner component and the bottom end of the feed conductor. Electroplating a solderable layer on the inner conductor of the combiner component and welding the feed conductor to the inner conductor of the combiner component will both cause environmental pollution and increased costs. At the same time, the feed conductor and the combiner component need to adopt different types of transmission signal lines, which further increases the cost. Furthermore, in order to simplify the structure of the radiation unit in the related art, the impedance of the radiation unit is directly connected to the feeding network without matching optimization. This direct connection design will cause the problem of narrow impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, in order to optimize the performance of the radiation unit in the related art, the improvement scheme proposed is specifically to load a coupling conductor on the radiation arm of the radiation unit, and the feeding conductor is divided into two parts, one is a separate conductor integrated on the balun, and the other is a feeding transmission line as an independent component, and the two are connected to each other to form the feeding conductor of the radiation unit; the loading conductor and more feeding interconnections make the radiation unit structure complicated, and the interconnection points on the feeding wires are prone to intermodulation risks, and the cost is also high.

[0068] Based on the above reasons, the present application provides a base station antenna and feeding system, which can reduce welding points, thereby reducing the feeding loss of the antenna unit and reducing costs, while ensuring that the performance of the antenna will not decline, and can improve the antenna's electromagnetic wave precise coverage capability, reduce radiation energy waste, and provide a more green and environmentally friendly technical solution.

[0069] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig.11 An embodiment of the present application provides a feeding system, which includes: two radiation arms 10 constituting the same polarization, a balun structure 20 and two feeding conductors 30.

[0070] The balun structure 20 includes a base 21 and at least two balun arms 22. The bottom of each balun arm 22 is connected to the base 21, and the top of each balun arm 22 is connected to and supports each radiation arm 10.

[0071] A first grounding portion 23 is provided on the bottom or base 21 of the balun arm 22 .

[0072] Specifically, the balun structure 20 and each radiation arm 10 are an integrated structure. Optionally, the balun structure 20 and the radiation arm 10 include but are not limited to being integrally formed by die casting, forging, sheet metal, etc. In this way, mass production can be achieved, manufacturing costs can be reduced, and manufacturing efficiency can be improved.

[0073] Optionally, each radiation arm 10 includes two radiation arms 11, and each balun arm 22 includes two balun arms 221. Each balun arm 221 is connected to each radiation arm 11 correspondingly.

[0074] Each feeding conductor 30 is correspondingly disposed on each balun arm 22 .

[0075] See also Fig.15 , wherein the feed conductor 30 includes a head-end conductor segment 31, a main conductor segment 32 and a terminal conductor segment 33 which are sequentially connected.

[0076] See also Figures 2 to 6 Specifically, the two terminal conductor segments 33 are both arranged on the first grounding portion 23, so that the metal surface close to the first grounding portion 23 can reuse the first grounding portion 23 as the radio frequency ground. The two terminal conductor segments 33 are gathered together and spaced apart. An insulating layer 34 can be provided on the outer walls of the two terminal conductor segments 33, so that the two terminal conductor segments 33 are gathered together but spaced apart.

[0077] See also Figures 2 to 6 In one embodiment, the feeding system further includes a phase shifter 60. The phase shifter 60 includes a phase shift cavity 61 and a phase shift circuit disposed inside the phase shift cavity 61. The phase shift circuit includes a feeding network 62, and the phase shift cavity 61 is a radio frequency ground of the feeding network 62. The feeding network 62 is provided with a feeding strip line 621, and the feeding strip line 621 is provided with two feeding strip line ports 6211. Two terminal conductor segments 33 extend outward from the base 21 and penetrate into the interior of the phase shift cavity 61 and are respectively connected to the two feeding strip line ports 6211.

[0078] The impedances of the two radiating arms 10 are matched and connected to the two feeding stripline ports 6211 of the feeding network 62 after being transformed by the impedance of the terminal conductor segment 33 .

[0079] The base 21 is electrically coupled to the radio frequency ground of the feed network 62 or is directly electrically connected to the ground.

[0080] Of course, in another embodiment, the feeding system may further include a feeding circuit board (not shown in the drawings), the feeding circuit board is provided with a feeding network and a grounding layer, the feeding network and the grounding layer are respectively located on two different layers of the feeding circuit board, the grounding layer is the radio frequency ground of the feeding network, the feeding network is provided with a feeding strip line and two feeding strip line ports, the two feeding strip line ports are both electrically connected to the feeding strip line, and the two end conductor segments extend outward from the base to the feeding circuit board and are respectively connected to the two feeding strip line ports.

[0081] The impedances of the two radiation arms are matched and connected to the two feeding stripline ports after being transformed by the impedance of the terminal conductor segment.

[0082] The base is electrically coupled or directly electrically connected to the radio frequency ground of the feeding network.

[0083] Optionally, the two terminal conductor segments 33 are respectively coupled to and electrically connected with the two feeding stripline ports 6211 or are directly electrically connected thereto.

[0084] The two terminal conductor segments 33, the first grounding portion 23, the two feeding stripline ports 6211 and the radio frequency grounds of the two feeding stripline ports 6211 together constitute a power divider. In this way, the power divider of the feeding system is integrated with the feeding conductor 30 and the balun base 21.

[0085] It should be noted that the RF ground of the feed stripline port 6211 is set accordingly according to the specific application scenario of the feed network 62. As an example, when the antenna includes a phase shifter 60, the phase shifter 60 includes a phase shift cavity 61 and a feed network 62 arranged inside the phase shift cavity 61. The phase shift cavity 61 is the RF ground of the feed network 62, and the portion of the phase shift cavity 61 corresponding to the position of the feed stripline port 6211 is correspondingly set as the RF ground of the feed stripline port 6211. As another example, when the antenna includes a feed circuit board, the feed network 62 is a feed circuit layer arranged on the feed circuit board, and the feed circuit board also includes a ground layer. The ground layer is the RF ground of the feed network 62, and the portion of the ground layer corresponding to the position of the feed stripline port 6211 is correspondingly set as the RF ground of the feed stripline port 6211.

[0086] See also Figure 6 , Figure 8 or Fig. 9 In this embodiment, the first grounding portion 23 is designed as a conductor portion with a hollow structure, that is, a through hole 231 is formed in the first grounding portion 23. The two terminal conductor segments 33 are gathered and penetrated in the first grounding portion 23 with a hollow structure, and extend out of the first grounding portion 23 with a hollow structure respectively to be directly electrically connected or coupled electrically connected to the two feeding strip line ports 6211 of the feeding network 62.

[0087] Specifically, the intersection of the two feed stripline ports 6211 of the feed network 62 serves as the common end of the power divider, the end conductor segment 33 of one feed conductor 30 serves as one branch of the power divider, and the end conductor segment 33 of the other feed conductor 30 serves as another branch of the power divider. The first grounding portion 23 is the radio frequency ground of the power divider circuit.

[0088] In one embodiment, the end conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30 and their corresponding first grounding portions 23 also serve as impedance transformers of the corresponding radiating arms 10 at a radio frequency basis. The impedance transformers of the two corresponding radiating arms 10 are integrated into a power divider, thereby achieving a broadband matching connection of the feeding system impedance through the feeding conductors 30, the power divider and the feeding network 62.

[0089] In order to optimize the radiation performance of the feeding system and improve the precise coverage energy of the antenna in network applications, the impedance parameters of the terminal conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30 in the power divider can be adjusted to adjust the power of the RF signals on the two radiating arms 10. In this way, by adjusting the impedance parameters of the two branches, a specific proportion of power is allocated to the RF electromagnetic signals on the two radiating arms 10, thereby adjusting the radiation beam of the antenna in space, optimizing the coverage, and making the electromagnetic wave energy fall into the service area as much as possible, reducing the waste of radiation energy, improving the quality of network communication, and saving energy and reducing emissions.

[0090] Of course, the power of the radio frequency signals on the two radiating arms 10 can also be adjusted by adjusting the impedance parameters of the two feeding stripline ports 6211 in the power divider.

[0091] The impedance parameters of the terminal conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30 in the power divider can be adjusted by optimizing at least one of the cross-sectional dimensions of the terminal conductor segments 33 of the feeding conductor 30, the distance between the terminal conductor segments 33 and the first grounding portion 23, and the spacing between the two terminal conductor segments 33. Similarly, the impedance parameters of the two feeding stripline ports 6211 can be adjusted by optimizing at least one of the cross-sectional dimensions of the two feeding stripline ports 6211, the distance between each of the two feeding stripline ports 6211 and the radio frequency ground, and the spacing between the two feeding stripline ports 6211.

[0092] In a specific embodiment, Fig.19 Use Figures 1 to 7The feeding system embodiment shown in the figure constructs a high-low frequency fusion base station antenna. In order to optimize the radiation beam performance of the antenna and improve the coverage effect, this embodiment is achieved by adjusting the impedance parameters of the two branches of the power divider. Combined with the reflector 80 of this embodiment, the boundary of the column isolation plate and other environments, the specific measures for adjusting the power distribution are: in the two radiating arms 10 of the same polarization, the cross-sectional size of the end conductor segment 33 corresponding to the radiating arm 10 close to the edge of the reflector 80 is set larger, that is, for example, the diameter is set larger, such as Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Specifically, the electromagnetic signal power ratio of the radiating arm 10 close to the edge of the reflector 80 and the radiating arm 10 close to the inter-column isolation plate is optimized to the target value starting from the cross-sectional dimensions of the two end conductor segments 33 being equal (i.e., 1:1). When the cross-sectional dimensions of the two end conductor segments 33 are adjusted to the target value, the waste of radiation energy can be reduced, the antenna beam coverage efficiency can be improved, and the energy efficiency of the antenna can be improved. For example, the target value is set to 1.3:0.7, as Figure 8 In the two terminal conductor segments 33 of the same polarization, the cross-sectional dimension of one terminal conductor segment 33 is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the other terminal conductor segment 33. Specifically, when the axial cross-section of the terminal conductor segment 33 is circular, the diameter of one terminal conductor segment 33 is smaller than the diameter of the other terminal conductor segment 33; when the axial cross-section of the terminal conductor segment 33 is rectangular, the length and width of one terminal conductor segment 33 are smaller than the length and width of the other terminal conductor segment 33.

[0093] according to Fig. 22 It can be seen that from the performance comparison of the normalized radiation pattern of the antenna before and after adjusting the impedance of the power divider branch, it can be seen that the adjusted antenna radiation direction has a lower level value in the side and rear areas, which reduces the electromagnetic radiation in the side and rear directions, allowing more electromagnetic energy to gather to the service cell, improving the antenna beam efficiency, and thus improving the energy efficiency of the antenna; improving the antenna's precise coverage capability in network applications.

[0094] Each feed conductor 30 is arranged corresponding to each balun arm 22 and the first grounding portion 23 to form a transmission line for feeding, and the head end conductor segments 31 of the two feed conductors 30 are preferably set as open ends. Specifically, the feed conductor 30 can be understood as a structure similar to the inner conductor of a coaxial cable, for example, it can be a conductive core wire, a cylindrical metal conductor, or a sheet metal conductor structure. That is: in the transmission line of the present invention, the feed conductor 30 does not have a shielding layer of a traditional coaxial cable compared to a traditional coaxial cable, and does not have a metal ground layer compared to a traditional PCB microstrip line. The transmission line uses the balun arm 22 (or the structure of the balun arm 22 and a part of the base 21 where the feed conductor 30 is arranged) and the first grounding portion 23 as the radio frequency ground (that is, a new outer conductor, or a new metal ground layer).

[0095] In some embodiments, when the first grounding portion 23 is disposed on the base 21, the feed conductor 30 is arranged along the balun arm 22 and extends to the base 21, and then extends to the first grounding portion 23, and the first grounding portion 23 is reused as the radio frequency ground. In this case, the base 21 portion for arranging the feed conductor 30 and the transmission line composed of the feed conductor 30 function to achieve signal conduction between the balun arm 22 and the feed network 62.

[0096] In the above-mentioned feeding system, the balun arm 22 or the balun arm 22 and the base 21, on the one hand, serve as the radio frequency ground of the feeding conductor 30; on the other hand, the radio frequency transmission line formed together with the feeding conductor 30 replaces the original coaxial cable to feed the radiating arm 10, that is, the feeding conductor 30 is placed in the feeding area set on the radiating arm 10 to form a radio frequency transmission line for feeding. The end conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30 are gathered and arranged at intervals, and installed on the first grounding portion 23, and the first grounding portion 23 is reused as the radio frequency ground. Compared with the previous structure, the welding link with the combining component is eliminated, and the connection nodes between the feeding conductor 30 of the feeding system and the feeding network 62 are reduced, thereby reducing the loss of the antenna radio frequency link.

[0097] In addition, the two terminal conductor segments 33 extend outward from the base 21 and extend to the two feeding stripline ports 6211 of the feeding network 62 respectively. The impedance of the radiating arm 10 is matched and connected with the two feeding stripline ports 6211 of the feeding network 62 after the impedance transformation of the terminal conductor segment 33. In other words, the corresponding impedance transformation is completed in the first grounding portion 23 area, and the radiating arm 10 is matched and connected with the feeding stripline ports 6211 of the feeding network 62 with a specific resistance value (for example, 50Ω). Compared with the related art, on the one hand, there is no need to add additional impedance transformers, thereby eliminating special combining components; on the other hand, the power divider can be integrated, which not only realizes broadband impedance matching between the radiating unit and the feeding network 62, but also has the function of distributing power to the two radiating arms 10 with the same polarization in the feeding system. In engineering applications, when used as a transmitting antenna, the feeding network 62 feeds the first and second RF signals to the two radiating arms 10 with the same polarization through the power divider; when used as a receiving antenna, the feeding network 62 receives the first and second RF signals of the external space electromagnetic waves received by the two radiating arms 10 through the power divider; by adjusting the impedance parameters of the end conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30 in the power divider and / or the impedance parameters of the two feeding strip line ports 6211, the power of the first and second RF signals can be adjusted.

[0098] In addition, the impedance parameter adjustment of the terminal conductor segment 33 of the feeding conductor 30 can be achieved through at least one of the size of the terminal conductor segment 33, the distance between each terminal conductor segment 33 and the first grounding portion 23, the spacing between the two terminal conductor segments 33, and the size and dielectric constant of the surrounding medium; similarly, the impedance parameter adjustment of the two feeding stripline ports 6211 can be achieved through at least one of the cross-sectional size of the two feeding stripline ports 6211, the distance between each terminal conductor segment 33 and the radio frequency ground of the feeding stripline port 6211, and the spacing between the two feeding stripline ports 6211. It can be seen that the impedance parameter design is flexible and convenient. In this way, on the one hand, the technical innovation solution reduces the solder joints and solder joint losses of the feeding system, and reduces the number of parts, greatly simplifies the manufacturing process, truly realizes the electroplating-free vibrator, achieves the green goal, reduces the types of materials, and also achieves cost reduction and improves the problem of poor intermodulation stability of traditional solutions; on the other hand, the feeding system integrates a power divider with a clustered layout, and structurally realizes the simplest design of the feeding system as much as possible. Electrically, it realizes broadband impedance matching between the radiating unit and the feeding network 62, and also realizes the power adjustment function of the RF signal transmitted / received by the two radiating arms 10 of the same polarization in the feeding system. In network applications, it can provide more accurate coverage and reduce beam energy loss, thereby improving network communication quality and further saving energy and reducing emissions.

[0099] See also Figure 3 , Fig.10 or Fig.11 In some embodiments, the power divider further includes a dielectric member 25. The dielectric member 25 is disposed between the first grounding portion 23 and the two terminal conductor segments 33. In this way, the dielectric member 25 can better ensure a stable distance between the first grounding portion 23 and the two terminal conductor segments 33. At the same time, the matching performance and power distribution of the power divider can also be optimized by adjusting the structure and dielectric constant of the dielectric member 25.

[0100] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the dielectric member 25 is disposed between the first grounding portion 23 and the terminal conductor segment 33 of the feed conductor 30 ; or the dielectric member 25 is integrated between the first grounding portion 23 and the terminal conductor segment 33 by injection molding.

[0101] Of course, in some optional solutions, the dielectric member 25 may not be provided. Specifically, an insulating layer 34 is provided on the outer wall of the feed conductor 30. More specifically, an insulating layer 34 is provided on the terminal conductor segment 33, and the insulating layer 34 plays an isolation role, which can prevent the terminal conductor segment 33 from contacting the first grounding portion 23 and causing a short circuit.

[0102] It should be noted that the first grounding portion 23 is not limited to the conductor portion of the hollow structure in the above embodiment. Optionally, the first grounding portion 23 can also be various structural forms such as a plate or a slot 232, as long as it is sufficient to install the end conductor segments 33 of the two feed conductors 30, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0103] Specifically, the feeding system further includes a fastener, which is disposed on the first grounding portion 23. A mounting surface is disposed on the side wall of the first grounding portion 23, and the terminal conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30 are placed on the mounting surface and fixed to the first grounding portion 23 by the fastener.

[0104] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, the installation surface can be set as a plane, a curved surface, or other irregular shapes. It can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0105] Optionally, the fastener is grounded on the first grounding portion 23. In this way, the fastener is easy to disassemble and assemble.

[0106] Optionally, the fastener may be made of either dielectric material or metal material, which is not limited herein. In this embodiment, the fastener is specifically made of dielectric material, thereby improving product performance.

[0107] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the first grounding portion 23 is integrally formed with the bottom or base 21 of the balun arm 22 .

[0108] The balun arm 22 of the balun structure 20 or the balun arm 22 and the feeding conductor 30 on the base 21 use the same type of signal transmission line, which can omit the combining component welded to the feeding conductor 30 in the related technology, thereby reducing the types of transmission lines and their transition nodes, i.e., solder joints, thereby reducing losses.

[0109] The bottom end of the feed conductor 30 extends downward to the inside of the first grounding portion 23 and passes out from the first grounding portion 23. The two feed conductors 30 pass downward out of the first grounding portion 23 at the back of the feed system and are directly connected to the two feed strip line ports 6211 of the feed network 62 at the back of the feed system in a one-to-one correspondence. It can be seen that there will no longer be any solder joints on the front of the entire feed system, and compared with the solution in the related art where the combiner is passed through the first grounding portion 23, the purpose of eliminating electroplating and reducing the types of materials in the feed system is completely achieved.

[0110] In some embodiments, the specific shape of the feed conductor 30 can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs, including but not limited to conductors with axial cross-sections of various regular shapes such as circular, elliptical, square, triangular, pentagonal, and other irregular shapes. When the shape of the feed conductor 30 is adjusted, richer impedance values ​​can be obtained to facilitate impedance matching.

[0111] When the axial cross-section of the feed conductor 30 is circular, Fig.16 As shown, the diameter of the feed conductor 30 along its axial direction can be either constant or variable, for example, gradually increasing or decreasing or in other forms, which can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs; when the feed conductor 30 is configured as a sheet or plate, as shown in FIG. Fig.17 and Fig.18 As shown, the thickness of the feed conductor 30 can be constant along its length, that is, a plate with uniform thickness; or it can be variable in size, that is, a plate with non-uniform thickness, such as gradually increasing or decreasing or other forms, which can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs.

[0112] See also Figures 11 to 14 , the difference is that the arrangement of the feed conductor 30 on the balun structure 20 and the radiation arm 10 is different, and can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs. In one embodiment, the feed conductor 30 is maintained on the balun structure 20 as a whole. Among them, the maintenance in this embodiment is also fixed. Since the entire feed conductor 30 is maintained on the balun structure 20, the entire feed conductor 30 and the balun structure 20 constitute a transmission line to feed the radiation unit without overlapping with the radiation arm 10. That is, the feed conductor 30 is, for example, arranged in a bent shape, and the feed conductor 30 is arranged on one of the balun arms 221, specifically, for example, extending along one of the balun arms 221, and the head end conductor segment 31 of the feed conductor 30 is arranged on another balun arm 221, specifically, for example, bent to another balun arm 221, and combined with another balun arm 221 to form a feed transmission line. This can be conducive to the compact overall structure of the feeding system, simplify assembly, and improve the overall assembly stability.

[0113] Of course, in some optional solutions, the feed conductor 30 is not limited to being entirely maintained on the balun structure 20 in the above embodiment, but for example, most of the structure is maintained on the balun structure 20, and the remaining structure can also extend to the area outside the balun structure 20, for example, to form an open transmission line with the radiation arm 10 for coupling electrical connection. Fig.12, optionally, each head-end conductor segment 31 is coupled and fed with each radiation arm 10. Each feed conductor 30 is coupled and electrically connected with the balun structure 20, and the head-end conductor segment 31 has the same extension direction as the radiation arm 10 to which it is coupled and fed. Specifically, for the correspondingly connected balun arms 22 and radiation arms 10, the main conductor segment 32 is arranged on one of the balun arms 221, for example, extending along one of the balun arms 221, and is insulated and closely attached to one of the balun arms 221 to form a transmission line, and the head-end conductor segment 31 is coupled and fed with the radiation arm 11 connected to the other balun arm 221.

[0114] In one embodiment, the first grounding portion 23 includes a through hole 231, and the end conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30, that is, the bottom ends, are both inserted into the same through hole 231. Fig. 9 Alternatively, the first grounding portion 23 includes two through holes 231, and the end conductor segments 33 of the two feed conductors 30 are respectively disposed in the two through holes 231, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 In this way, when the terminal conductor segments 33 of the two feeding conductors 30 are respectively inserted into the two through holes 231, it is advantageous to realize that the terminal conductor segments 33 of each feeding conductor 30 are stably positioned and installed in the corresponding through hole 231, thereby facilitating the improvement of antenna performance.

[0115] See also Fig.15 In a specific embodiment, an insulating layer 34 is provided on the outer wall of the feed conductor 30. Optionally, the insulating layer 34 is arranged around the circumference of the feed conductor 30. The insulating layer 34 extends from one end of the feed conductor 30 to the other end of the feed conductor 30. In this way, the insulating layer 34 plays an insulating isolation role, which can prevent the feed conductor 30 and the balun structure 20 from short-circuiting due to contact; in addition, when the insulating layer 34 and the balun structure 20 abut against each other, the thickness of the insulating layer 34 can determine the gap size between the feed conductor 30 and the balun structure 20, ensure the impedance stability of the feed conductor 30, and achieve stable energy transmission between the feed conductor 30 and the balun structure 20. In addition, the balun structure 20 is provided with a groove 24 for installing the feed conductor 30. When the feed conductor 30 is closely abutted against the groove wall of the groove 24 through the insulating layer 34, it is stably installed in the groove 24, and can avoid electrical contact with the groove wall of the groove 24 to cause a short circuit.

[0116] The grooves 24 can be arranged as a continuous group according to actual conditions (such as Fig.11 and Fig.12 as shown) or multi-stage settings (as shown Fig.14 shown).

[0117] Of course, if Fig.17As shown, the insulating layer 34 can also be provided in multiple numbers, and they are sequentially spaced along the extension direction of the feed conductor 30. In this way, the insulating layer 34 plays an insulating isolation role, which can prevent the feed conductor 30 and the balun structure 20 from short-circuiting due to contact; in addition, when the insulating layer 34 and the balun structure 20 abut against each other, the thickness of the insulating layer 34 can determine the gap size between the feed conductor 30 and the balun structure 20, ensure the impedance stability of the feed conductor 30, and achieve stable energy transmission between the feed conductor 30 and the balun structure 20. In addition, when the feed conductor 30 is closely abutted against the groove wall of the groove 24 through the insulating layer 34, it can be stably installed in the groove 24, and can avoid electrical contact with the groove wall of the groove 24 to cause a short circuit.

[0118] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 34 includes but is not limited to various insulating materials such as rubber material, resin material, polyurethane material, etc., and the specific material can be flexibly selected according to actual needs.

[0119] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 34 includes but is not limited to being formed by integral injection molding, 3D printing, bonding, or sleeved on the outer wall of the feed conductor 30 .

[0120] In one embodiment, the insulating layer 34 is provided with at least one gap, thinned area or hollowed area at the bending position corresponding to the feed conductor 30. Thus, since the insulating layer 34 is provided with at least one gap, thinned area or hollowed area at the bending position corresponding to the feed conductor 30, it is convenient to follow the bending operation of the feed conductor 30 during the assembly process, thereby improving the assembly efficiency.

[0121] It should be noted that the feed conductor 30 can be arranged on the front side of the balun arm 22 (such as Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown), it can also be arranged on the back side of the balun arm 22 (as shown Fig.13 As shown in FIG. 2 ), it can also be arranged on the side of the balun arm 22. When the feed conductor 30 is arranged on the front of the balun arm 22, it is convenient for assembly operation; when the feed conductor 30 is arranged on the back of the balun arm 22, it can avoid energy leakage, and the RF signal energy of the feed conductor 30 will not be coupled to the feed system of other frequency bands in the surrounding area, thereby reducing the coupling interference between antennas of different frequency bands in the multi-frequency array (such as Fig.18 and Fig. 20 shown).

[0122] See also Fig.10 In one embodiment, under the premise that the first grounding portion 23 is provided with a through hole 231, the feed conductor 30 is arranged on the back side of the balun structure 20, the side wall of the first grounding portion 23 is set as a non-enclosed structure, and the through hole 231 is connected to the external environment through the non-enclosed structure, and the bottom end of the feed conductor 30 can penetrate from the outer periphery of the first grounding portion 23 into the through hole 231 of the first grounding portion 23.

[0123] It should be noted that the non-closed structure refers to selecting a certain point in the side wall as the starting point, and moving one circle from the starting point along the circumferential direction around the side wall without being able to return to the starting point.

[0124] Specifically, the side wall of the first grounding portion 23 is formed with a gap or slot 232 connected to the first grounding portion 23, so that the side wall of the first grounding portion 23 is a non-enclosed structure, so that the bottom end of the feed conductor 30 can pass through the gap or slot 232 and be installed in the first grounding portion 23. In this way, when the feed conductor 30 is installed on the back of the balun structure 20, it is coupled and electrically connected with the balun structure 20. At the same time, since the feed conductor 30 is farther away from the high-frequency / low-frequency unit embedded in the middle area of ​​the bowl-shaped unit, and there is a balun barrier between the two, the weak radiation of the feed conductor 30 can be prevented from interfering with the coupling of the high-frequency / low-frequency unit; in addition, the bottom end of the feed conductor 30 can pass through the gap or slot 232 and be installed in the first grounding portion 23, so that the terminal conductor segment 33 of the feed conductor 30 and the first grounding portion 23 can be electrically connected to the feed network 62 respectively, and the impedance is guaranteed to be within a reasonable range.

[0125] Furthermore, to ensure installation stability, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The feeding system further includes a first insulating fixture 40 correspondingly disposed on the balun arm 22. The first insulating fixture 40 can fix the feeding conductor 30 on the balun arm 22. In this way, under the action of the first insulating fixture 40, it can be ensured that the feeding conductor 30 and the balun arm 22 form a more stable structure.

[0126] In some embodiments, the first insulating fixing member 40 includes but is not limited to a buckle, specifically a plastic buckle, a rubber buckle, etc. In this way, it is mounted on the balun arm 22 by buckle clamping, and disassembly and assembly are relatively convenient and quick. Optionally, the number of the first insulating fixing member 40 is, for example, 1, 2, 3 or other numbers, which can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0127] In one embodiment, the feeding system further includes a second insulating fixture disposed on the base 21. The second insulating fixture is used to fix the feeding conductor 30 on the base 21. In this way, the feeding conductor 30 can be stably mounted on the base 21, preventing the feeding conductor 30 from being loosened from the base 21, and ensuring the antenna performance.

[0128] See also Fig.12In some embodiments, when the head conductor segment 31 is arranged on the radiation arm 10, the feeding system further includes a third insulating fixture 50 correspondingly arranged on the radiation arm 10. The third insulating fixture 50 is used to fix the head conductor segment 31 on the radiation arm 10. In this way, the third insulating fixture 50 can stably install the head conductor segment 31 on the radiation arm 10, improve the installation stability of the feeding conductor 30 on the radiation arm 10, and thus ensure the antenna performance.

[0129] Optionally, the second insulating fixing member and the third insulating fixing member 50 are similar to the first insulating fixing member 40 , including but not limited to being buckles.

[0130] See also Fig.13 In one embodiment, a hollow hole 222 is provided on the balun arm 22, and the feed conductor 30 can pass through the hollow hole 222 from the back side of the balun arm 22 to the front side of the balun arm 22. In this way, by providing the hollow hole 222, the feed conductor 30 can be passed from the front side of the balun arm 22 to the back side of the balun arm 22, or from the back side of the balun arm 22 to the front side of the balun arm 22, or not passed through, according to actual conditions, so that the assembly of the feed conductor 30 on the balun arm 22 will be more flexible and reliable; in addition, the hollow hole 222 formed by partially hollowing out the balun arm 22 can adjust the impedance value to obtain better impedance matching.

[0131] In some embodiments, the shape of the hollow hole 222 includes but is not limited to regular shapes such as polygons, circles or ellipses and other special shapes, which can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs and are not limited here. The polygon can be a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, etc.

[0132] In some embodiments, the hollow hole 222 can be an opening with all sides closed or an opening with no closed area. The hollow hole 222 can be arranged on the bottom wall of the groove 24 of the balun arm 22, on the side wall of the groove 24 of the balun arm 22, or on the bottom wall and the side wall of the groove 24 of the balun arm 22 respectively.

[0133] In some embodiments, the number of the hollow holes 222 includes but is not limited to one, two, three or other numbers. When the number of the hollow holes 222 is set to multiple, the multiple hollow holes 222 are arranged on the bottom wall or side wall of the groove 24 at equal intervals or unequal intervals, and the shapes of the hollow holes 222 can be the same or different, which is not limited here.

[0134] In one embodiment, a second hollow opening is provided on the base 21, and the feed conductor 30 can pass through the second hollow opening from the back side of the base 21 to the front side of the base 21. Of course, the feed conductor 30 can also pass through the second hollow opening from the front side of the base 21 to the back side of the base 21.

[0135] In one embodiment, four radiating arms 10 are provided and arranged diagonally in pairs, and the two radiating arms 10 arranged diagonally are provided with the same polarization. Four balun arms 22 are provided, and the four balun arms 22 are connected to the four radiating arms 10 accordingly; four feeding conductors 30 are provided, and the four feeding conductors 30 are provided correspondingly to the four radiating arms 10. At least two first grounding portions 23 are provided, and the two first grounding portions 23 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the two pairs of polarized feeding conductors 30, respectively.

[0136] In some embodiments, the radiation unit in this embodiment can be either a single-polarization radiation unit or a dual-polarization radiation unit, which can be selected according to actual needs. In this embodiment and the accompanying drawings, the radiation unit is specifically set as a dual-polarization radiation unit for example, but it is not limited to this. Each polarization direction has two radiation arms 10 and two feeding conductors 30 that feed the two radiation arms 10 of the same polarization, one end of each feeding conductor 30 is set as an open end, one end of each feeding conductor 30 is coupled with its corresponding radiation arm 10 for feeding, and the other end of each feeding conductor 30 extends from the first grounding portion 23 and is directly electrically connected to the feeding core wire of the feeding network 62.

[0137] See also Figures 11 to 14 In one embodiment, each balun arm 22 and / or base 21 is provided with a groove 24 corresponding to the position of each feed conductor 30. The feed conductor 30 is inserted into the groove 24 corresponding to its position and is insulated from the groove 24. In this way, each feed conductor 30 is constrained in the groove 24 and forms a transmission line for feeding the radiation unit with each balun arm 22 and / or base 21, which can reduce welding points while reducing surface wave radiation, realize transmission, and thus improve the performance of the radiation unit. In addition, the groove 24 fixes the feed conductor 30, and the overall structure is compact. In addition, since the feed conductor 30 and the groove 24 are insulated from each other, it can prevent the feed conductor 30 from electrically contacting the balun arm 22 and / or base 21 to cause a short circuit.

[0138] As some optional schemes, each balun arm 22 is provided with a groove 24 corresponding to the position of each feed conductor 30, and the base 21 does not need to be provided with a groove 24. Alternatively, the base 21 is provided with a groove 24 corresponding to the position of each feed conductor 30, and the balun arm 22 does not need to be provided with a groove 24. Alternatively, the base 21 and each balun arm 22 do not need to be provided with a groove 24, and the feed conductor 30 is arranged on the surface of the base 21 and the surface of the balun arm 22, so as to achieve a structure similar to an air microstrip line. Among them, the advantages of the air microstrip line: the air microstrip line itself has a lower loss than the feeding loss of the coaxial cable, and the use of this form will obtain a higher radiation efficiency. In addition, compared with the RF transmission line structure formed by the feed conductor 30 being arranged in the groove 24, this microstrip line form has a more flexible size setting, making impedance matching more convenient and controllable.

[0139] See also Fig.11 In one embodiment, when the balun arm 22 and the base 21 are each provided with a groove 24 corresponding to the position of the same feed conductor 30, the groove 24 on the balun arm 22 and the groove 24 on the base 21 are connected to each other. In this way, the same feed conductor 30 can be respectively inserted into the groove 24 of the balun arm 22 and the groove 24 of the base 21 without switching, which not only facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the feed conductor 30, but also because after the feed conductor 30 is installed in place in the groove 24, all parts of the feed conductor 30 along its length direction are inserted into the groove 24, and will not protrude from the area outside the surface of the balun arm 22 and the outer area of ​​the base 21, so that the surface wave radiation interference is greatly reduced, thereby improving the performance of the feeding system.

[0140] Specifically, for two feeding conductors 30 of the same polarization, grooves 24 are provided on the two balun arms 22 corresponding to the positions of the two feeding conductors 30 of the same polarization, and two grooves 24 corresponding to the positions of the two feeding conductors 30 of the same polarization are provided on the base 21, and the grooves 24 on the two balun arms 22 are connected with the two grooves 24 on the base 21 to form a through groove.

[0141] See also Fig.11In a specific embodiment, the number of the radiation arms 10 is four and they are arranged diagonally in pairs, and the two radiation arms 10 arranged diagonally are set to the same polarization, that is, the two radiation arms 10 arranged on one of the diagonals work in a polarization direction of +45°, for example, and the two radiation arms 10 arranged on the other diagonal work in a polarization direction of -45°, for example. In addition, the number of the balun arms 22 is four, and the four balun arms 22 are connected to the four radiation arms 10 accordingly. In addition, the number of the feed conductors 30 is four, and the four feed conductors 30 are arranged corresponding to the four radiation arms 10. The base 21 is provided with four grooves 24 respectively arranged corresponding to the four feed conductors 30. The grooves 24 in one polarization direction and the grooves 24 in another polarization direction are arranged crosswise with each other and have different depths. In this way, for the dual-polarization radiation unit, when the feed conductors 30 in two different polarization directions are installed in two grooves 24 that are arranged crosswise with each other and have different depths, they can be arranged crosswise at different heights, so as to avoid mutual interference during installation due to the same height.

[0142] In addition, each radiating arm 10 includes two radiating arms 11, and the radiating arms 11 are straight, so that the four radiating arms 10 together form a quadrilateral. In another embodiment, the radiating arms 11 are arc-shaped, so that the four radiating arms 10 together form a circle or ring.

[0143] See also Fig.12 In one embodiment, when the head-end conductor segment 31 is arranged on the radiation arm 10, the extension direction of the head-end conductor segment 31 is the same as the extension direction of the corresponding coupled-fed radiation arm 10. Specifically, the extension direction of the head-end conductor segment 31 is the same as the extension direction of the corresponding coupled-fed radiation single arm 11. In addition, when the head-end conductor segment 31 is configured in a sheet shape, the shape of the head-end conductor segment 31 is adapted to the shape of the corresponding coupled-fed radiation single arm 11.

[0144] Please continue reading Fig.12 In one embodiment, each radiating arm 10 is provided with a coupling slot 12, and each head-end conductor segment 31 is correspondingly arranged in each coupling slot 12 and coupled with the slot wall of the coupling slot 12 for power feeding. In this way, by adding coupling slots 12 to the radiating arm 10, each head-end conductor segment 31 is correspondingly coupled with each coupling slot 12 to achieve power feeding with each radiating arm 10. In addition, the head-end conductor segment 31 is arranged in the coupling slot 12 through the second insulating medium, and can be stably arranged in the coupling slot 12.

[0145] Specifically, the coupling slot 12 includes but is not limited to being a card slot, and the head end conductor segment 31 is carded in the coupling slot 12. Of course, the coupling slot 12 is not limited to being a card slot, and the head end conductor segment 31 can also be fixedly set in the coupling slot 12 in other ways, such as being pressed in the coupling slot 12 by its own pressing force, and being fixed in the coupling slot 12 by adhesive bonding, etc.

[0146] In some embodiments, the main conductor segment 32 is integrally formed with the corresponding head conductor segment 31 and the terminal conductor segment 33, specifically, including but not limited to sheet metal integral forming, die casting integral forming, or bending forming, etc. Of course, the main conductor segment 32 can also be connected to the head conductor segment 31 and the terminal conductor segment 33 by welding.

[0147] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig.11 Another embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, which includes the feeding system of any of the above embodiments.

[0148] The above-mentioned antenna, since it includes the above-mentioned feeding system, its technical effects include those brought by the feeding system, and the beneficial effects include the beneficial effects of the feeding system, which will not be repeated here.

[0149] See also Fig. 20 and Fig.21 , Fig. 20 This is a simulation diagram of the radiation index of the radiation unit in the frequency band of 690MHz to 960MHz. Fig. 20 It can be seen that the radiation unit exhibits good radiation performance. In addition, the standing wave S parameters simulated for the two polarizations on the radiation unit can be referred to Fig.21 The solid and dashed curves in Fig.21 It can be seen that the radiation unit exhibits good transmission performance.

[0150] See also Fig.19In some embodiments, the antenna includes a low-frequency radiation unit for radiating low-frequency signals and / or a high-frequency radiation unit for radiating high-frequency signals. At least one low-frequency radiation unit may be arrayed, and at least one low-frequency radiation unit adopts the radiation unit of this embodiment; at least one high-frequency radiation unit may be arrayed, and at least one high-frequency radiation unit adopts the radiation unit structure of this innovation; further, at least one low-frequency array and at least one high-frequency array may be arrayed adjacently, and a high-frequency radiation unit may be arrayed between two adjacent low-frequency radiation units, and a high-frequency radiation unit may be nested in a low-frequency radiation unit, and the low-frequency radiation unit may adopt the radiation unit of this embodiment, for example; further, any low-frequency radiation array may be arranged in a plurality of different and / or identical high-frequency arrays, and at least one high-frequency radiation unit may adopt the radiation unit of this embodiment; it may be specifically set by a technician according to system performance requirements, such as gain requirements.

[0151] See also Figures 2 to 6 Optionally, when the base 21 is coupled and electrically connected to the phase shift cavity 61, an insulating gap is provided between the base 21 and the phase shift cavity 61. In this way, the base 21 can be coupled and electrically connected to the phase shift cavity 61. By changing the spacing between the base 21 and the phase shift cavity 61, the coupling amount between the base 21 and the phase shift cavity 61 can be adjusted accordingly.

[0152] Optionally, when the base 21 is directly electrically connected to the phase shift cavity 61 , the base 21 and the phase shift cavity 61 are connected by welding, fasteners or integrally formed, which is not limited here and can be flexibly adjusted and configured according to actual needs.

[0153] See also Figures 2 to 6 In one embodiment, a first avoidance hole 611 is formed on the side wall of the phase-shift cavity 61 facing the base 21, and the two terminal conductor segments 33 extend into the interior of the phase-shift cavity 61 through the first avoidance hole 611, and are electrically connected to the two feed stripline ports 6211 of the feed network 62 in a one-to-one correspondence. An operation hole 612 is formed on the side wall of the phase-shift cavity 61 facing away from the base 21, and the operation hole 612 is arranged corresponding to the position of the two feed stripline ports 6211 of the feed network 62. In this way, the operation hole 612 allows tools to enter the interior of the phase-shift cavity 61, which can facilitate the assembly operation of the terminal conductor segment 33 and the feed stripline port 6211, so as to realize the combination of the terminal conductor segment 33 and the feed stripline port 6211, for example, by welding.

[0154] When there are four radiating arms 10, there are four terminal conductor segments 33 and two operation holes 612. The two operation holes 612 can respectively perform assembly operations of two terminal conductor segments 33 with different polarizations and the feeding stripline port 6211.

[0155] In one embodiment, the antenna further includes a reflector 80, which is connected between the base 21 and the phase shift cavity 61; the reflector 80 is provided with a second avoidance hole corresponding to the position of the first avoidance hole 611. In this way, the reflector 80 will not interfere with the two terminal conductor segments 33, and the two terminal conductor segments 33 can pass through the second avoidance hole and the first avoidance hole 611 to extend into the interior of the phase shift cavity 61, and be electrically connected to the two feeding strip line ports 6211 of the feeding network 62 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0156] In one embodiment, the antenna further includes a connector 70, and the phase shift cavity 61 is fixedly connected to the base 21 via the connector 70. In this arrangement, on the one hand, the phase shift cavity 61 is fixedly connected to the base 21 via the connector 70; on the other hand, when the connector 70 is a conductive member, the phase shift cavity 61 is electrically connected to the base 21 via the connector 70, thereby realizing that the base 21 and the phase shift cavity 61 are arranged on the same ground.

[0157] Optionally, the number of the connecting member 70 is 1, 2, 3 or any other number, which can be flexibly adjusted and set according to actual needs and is not limited here. The connecting member 70 includes but is not limited to screws, pins, rivets or bolts, etc.

[0158] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the base 21 is provided with a second grounding portion 26. The second grounding portion 26 can be connected and fixed to the reflector 80 through the connector 70, and the reflector 80 and the phase shift cavity 61 are connected by welding or are set as an integrated structure. In other words, the second grounding portion 26 and the phase shift cavity 61 are indirectly connected and fixed.

[0159] The second grounding portion 26 can also be directly connected and fixed to the phase shift cavity 61 through the connecting member 70, and accordingly, a third avoidance hole is provided on the reflector 80. The third avoidance hole is arranged corresponding to the position of the second grounding portion 26, and can avoid the second grounding portion 26 and the connecting member 70, so that the second grounding portion 26 and the phase shift cavity 61 can be connected to each other without being interfered by the reflector 80.

[0160] Specifically, the connecting member 70 is configured as a screw, and a mounting hole adapted to the screw is provided on the second grounding portion 26. The connecting member 70 passes through the phase shifting cavity 61 and the reflecting plate 80 and is connected and fixed to the second grounding portion 26. Optionally, the second grounding portion 26 is provided on the bottom surface of the base 21 and is protruded in a direction away from the radiation arm 10. In this way, the connection stability of the second grounding portion 26, the phase shifting cavity 61 and the connecting member 70 can be improved.

[0161] In another embodiment, the difference from the above embodiment in which the phase shifter 60 is provided is that the antenna further includes a feed circuit board. The feed circuit board includes a feed network 62. The feed circuit board further includes a ground layer, which is a radio frequency ground of the feed network 62.

[0162] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0163] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0164] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like appear, these terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0165] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if there is a description that a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, etc., or similar descriptions appear, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0166] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0167] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0168] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A feeding system, characterized in that: The feeding system comprises: A balun structure, the balun structure comprising a base and two balun arms, the bottom of each balun arm is respectively connected to the base, and the bottom of the balun arm or the base is provided with a first grounding portion; Two feeding conductors, each of which is correspondingly arranged at each of the balun arms; both of the two feeding conductors are provided with an end conductor segment, the two end conductor segments are gathered and spaced apart at the first grounding portion, and both reuse the first grounding portion as a radio frequency ground; A phase shifter, the phase shifter comprising a phase shift cavity and a phase shift circuit arranged inside the phase shift cavity, the phase shift cavity being the radio frequency ground of the phase shift circuit, the phase shift circuit being provided with a feed strip line and two feed strip line ports, the two feed strip line docking portions being electrically connected to the feed strip line, and the two terminal conductor segments extending into the interior of the phase shift cavity being respectively connected to the two feed strip line ports.

2. The feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is coupled to the phase-shifting cavity for electrical connection or is directly electrically connected to the phase-shifting cavity.

3. The feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first avoidance hole is formed on the side wall of the phase-shift cavity facing the base, and the two terminal conductor segments extend into the phase-shift cavity through the first avoidance hole and are electrically connected to the two feeding stripline ports of the feeding network in a one-to-one correspondence.

4. The feeding system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A reflective plate is provided between the base and the phase shift cavity; the reflective plate is provided with a second avoidance hole corresponding to the position of the first avoidance hole; The feeding system further comprises a connecting member, and the phase-shifting cavity and the base are connected and fixedly connected via the connecting member.

5. The feeding system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reflecting plate is electrically connected to the phase shifting cavity, and the base is coupled electrically connected to the reflecting plate or directly electrically connected to the reflecting plate.

6. The feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An operation hole is formed on the side wall of the phase-shifting cavity facing away from the base, and the operation hole is arranged corresponding to the positions of the two feeding strip line ports of the feeding network.

7. A feeding system, characterized in that: The feeding system comprises: A balun structure, the balun structure comprising a base and two balun arms, the bottom of each balun arm is respectively connected to the base, and the bottom of the balun arm or the base is provided with a first grounding portion; Two feeding conductors, each of which is correspondingly arranged at each of the balun arms; both of the two feeding conductors are provided with an end conductor segment, the two end conductor segments are gathered and spaced apart at the first grounding portion, and both reuse the first grounding portion as a radio frequency ground; A feed circuit board, wherein the feed circuit board is provided with a feed network and a grounding layer, wherein the feed network and the grounding layer are respectively located on two different layers of the feed circuit board, wherein the grounding layer is a radio frequency ground of the feed network, wherein the feed network is provided with a feed strip line and two feed strip line ports, wherein the two feed strip line port docking parts are both electrically connected to the feed strip line, and wherein the two terminal conductor segments extend from the first grounding part to the feed circuit board and are respectively connected to the two feed strip line ports.

8. The feeding system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The base is electrically coupled or directly electrically connected to the radio frequency ground of the feed network.

9. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The two terminal conductor segments are respectively coupled and electrically connected or directly electrically connected to the two feeding stripline ports.

10. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The two terminal conductor segments, the first ground portion, the two feeding stripline ports and the radio frequency grounds of the two feeding stripline ports together constitute a power divider.

11. The feeding system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The power of the radio frequency signals on the two radiating arms is regulated by adjusting the impedance parameters of the two terminal conductor segments and / or the impedance parameters of the two feeding strip line ports in the power divider.

12. The feeding system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The impedance parameter adjustment of the two terminal conductor segments can be achieved through at least one of the cross-sectional dimensions of the two terminal conductor segments, the distance between each of them and the first grounding portion, and the spacing between the two terminal conductor segments; the impedance parameter adjustment of the two feeding stripline ports can be achieved through at least one of the cross-sectional dimensions of the two feeding stripline ports, the distance between each of them and the radio frequency ground of the feeding stripline ports, and the spacing between the two feeding stripline ports.

13. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: An insulating layer is arranged on the outer wall of the feed conductor.

14. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The feeding system further includes a dielectric member disposed between the first grounding portion and the terminal conductor segment.

15. The feeding system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The dielectric member is disposed between the first grounding portion and the terminal conductor segment; or the dielectric member is integrated between the first grounding portion and the terminal conductor segment by injection molding.

16. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first grounding portion is integrally formed with the bottom of the balun arm or the base.

17. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Each of the feed conductors is correspondingly arranged with each of the balun arms and the first grounding portion to form a transmission line for feeding, and the head end conductor segments of the two feed conductors are set as open ends.

18. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The feed conductor is arranged on the front side of the balun arm, on the back side of the balun arm, or on the side side of the balun arm.

19. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The feed conductor includes a main conductor segment and a head end conductor segment connected to the main conductor segment; the balun arm includes two radiating arms, and each of the balun arms includes two balun arms; each of the balun arms is correspondingly connected to each of the radiating arms; for the correspondingly connected balun arms and the radiating arms, the main conductor segment is arranged on one of the balun arms, and the head end conductor segment is coupled and fed with the other balun arm or is coupled and fed with the radiating arm connected to the other balun arm.

20. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first grounding portion is provided with a through hole, and the end conductor segments of the two feed conductors are both inserted into the same through hole; or, the first grounding portion is provided with two through holes, and the end conductor segments of the two feed conductors are inserted into the two through holes in a one-to-one correspondence.

21. The feeding system according to claim 20, characterized in that: The feed conductor is arranged on the back side of the balun structure, the side wall of the first grounding portion is configured as a non-enclosed structure, and the terminal conductor segment of the feed conductor can penetrate into the first grounding portion from the outer periphery of the first grounding portion.

22. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The feeding system also includes a first insulating fixing member correspondingly arranged on the balun arm, and the first insulating fixing member is used to fix the feeding conductor on the balun arm; the feeding system also includes a second insulating fixing member arranged on the base, and the second insulating fixing member is used to fix the feeding conductor on the base.

23. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The balun arm and / or the base are provided with hollow holes; the balun arm and the base are separately arranged or integrally formed.

24. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Each of the balun arms and / or the base is provided with a groove corresponding to the position of each of the feed conductors; the feed conductors are inserted into the grooves corresponding to their positions and are insulated from the balun structure.

25. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The feeding system also includes a fastener, which is arranged on the first grounding portion; a mounting surface is provided on the side wall of the first grounding portion, and the end conductor segments of the two feeding conductors are placed on the mounting surface and fixed to the first grounding portion by the fastener.

26. The feeding system according to claim 25, characterized in that: The installation surface is a plane or an arc surface; the fastener is grounded on the first grounding portion; the fastener is made of a dielectric material; an insulating layer is provided on the outer wall of the terminal conductor segment of the feed conductor.

27. The feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The feeding system also includes a radiating arm, which is provided in four numbers and arranged diagonally in pairs, and the two radiating arms arranged diagonally are provided with the same polarization; the balun arms are provided in four numbers, and the four balun arms are connected to the four radiating arms accordingly; the feeding conductors are provided in four numbers, and the four feeding conductors are provided to correspond to the four radiating arms; the first grounding parts are provided in at least two numbers, and the two first grounding parts are provided to correspond to the two pairs of polarized feeding conductors one by one.

28. An antenna, characterized in that: The antenna comprises a feeding system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27.

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