Electromagnetic wave transceiving array structure and system

Abstract

The invention provides an electromagnetic wave transmit-receive array structure and system, the array structure comprises a radiation structure and a feed structure used for feeding the radiation structure, the radiation structure comprises a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the first metal layer is provided with a plurality of first cavities, the second metal layer is provided with a plurality of second cavities, and the first cavities are communicated with the second cavities. One second cavity is arranged opposite to the N first cavities respectively; the second cavity is of a stepped cavity structure and is used for radiating electromagnetic waves, the direction from the first cavity to the third cavity is a first direction, the size of the second cavity is gradually reduced in the first direction, and the first cavity is used for improving the gain of the radiation structure. Under the condition that the size of the original radiator is not additionally increased, the first cavity can effectively restrain side lobes generated by the radiator, the electric field distribution of the radiator is more uniform, the problem of antenna lobe splitting is greatly solved, the antenna aperture radiation efficiency is improved, and the antenna gain is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic wave technology, and more specifically, relates to an electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure and system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of 5G communications, higher requirements are placed on the signal quality and anti-interference ability of electromagnetic wave transceiver systems. High-gain broadband antennas and their arrays can improve the performance of communication systems and data transmission rates by improving signal transmission range, quality and anti-interference ability. Electromagnetic wave transceiver systems are usually divided into feeding parts and radiation parts. In the commonly used feeding network design of array antennas, the full-parallel feeding network is easier to achieve low transmission loss and wider bandwidth than the series feeding network. The better full-parallel feeding method used in the millimeter wave band is the hollow-core waveguide feeding network. The traditional hollow-core waveguide feeding network is large in size, which makes it impossible to reduce the unit spacing of the array antenna, which not only reduces the layout flexibility, but also causes the antenna to produce non-negligible sidelobe problems, thereby reducing the antenna's aperture radiation efficiency. In addition, when the frequency reaches the millimeter wave band, the array antenna also faces the problem of limited bandwidth. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure to solve the technical problems of low aperture radiation efficiency and limited bandwidth existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide an electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure, including a radiation structure and a feeding structure for feeding the radiation structure, the radiation structure including a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the first metal layer having a plurality of first cavities, the second metal layer having a plurality of second cavities, and one second cavity being arranged opposite to N first cavities respectively; the feeding structure including a third metal layer, the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer being stacked in sequence, the third metal layer having a third cavity opposite to the plurality of second cavities, the third cavity being connected to the chip pins of the circuit board through a probe, and the third cavity being used to feed the second cavity; the second cavity is a stepped cavity structure and is used to radiate electromagnetic waves, the direction from the first cavity to the third cavity is a first direction, in the first direction, the size of the second cavity gradually decreases, and the first cavity is used to improve the gain of the radiation structure.

[0005] Optionally, the cavity wall of the second cavity includes a plurality of annular walls arranged in sequence along the first direction and a connecting wall connecting two adjacent annular walls. In the first direction, the size of each annular wall decreases in sequence. The annular wall extends along the first direction, and the connecting wall extends in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0006] Optionally, the first cavity is arranged in a square shape, and the side length of the first cavity is smaller than the wavelength of the radiation structure.

[0007] Optionally, a medium structure is disposed in each of the first cavities.

[0008] Optionally, the medium structure includes a first medium segment, a second medium segment and a third medium segment connected in sequence along the first direction, and in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, a size of the second medium segment is larger than a size of the first medium segment and a size of the third medium segment.

[0009] Optionally, the medium structure also includes a fourth medium segment and a fifth medium segment, and the fourth medium segment, the first medium segment, the second medium segment, the third medium segment and the fifth medium segment are connected in sequence along the first direction; and in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the size of the fourth medium segment is smaller than the size of the first medium segment, and the size of the third medium segment is larger than the size of the fifth medium segment.

[0010] Optionally, the inner wall protrusion of the first cavity is provided with an annular step, the second medium segment abuts against the annular step, and the outer circumferential wall of the second medium segment is adapted to the size of the inner circumferential wall of the first cavity.

[0011] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure is 2.1 to 2.8.

[0012] The present invention also provides an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned electromagnetic wave transceiver array structures, wherein each of the first metal layers is integrally arranged, each of the second metal layers is integrally arranged, and each of the third metal layers is integrally arranged.

[0013] Optionally, the feeding structure includes a sub-feeding network, a main feeding network and a rectangular waveguide arranged in sequence along a first direction, the sub-feeding network includes a plurality of feeding cavities arranged in an array, each of the feeding cavities feeds the corresponding radiating structure, and the main feeding network includes a plurality of connecting cavities, one end of the connecting cavity is connected to the rectangular waveguide, and the other end of the connecting cavity is connected to the feeding cavity.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure and system provided by the present invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure of the present invention includes a radiation structure and a feeding structure, the radiation structure includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the multiple second cavities in the second metal layer are all radiators, equivalent to a radiating antenna, the multiple first cavities in the first metal layer correspond to one first cavity, and without additionally increasing the size of the original radiator, the first cavity can effectively suppress the side lobes generated by the radiator, the electric field distribution of the radiator is more uniform, the problem of antenna split lobes is greatly improved, and the antenna aperture radiation efficiency is improved, thereby improving the antenna gain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 An exploded structural diagram of an electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a first metal layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a second metal layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a medium structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention at the second cavity; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention at the dielectric structure; Figure 8 for Figure 1 Simulation diagram of the electric field of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array at the first cavity and the second cavity; Fig. 9 for Figure 1 The side electric field simulation diagram of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array in; Fig.10 For related technologies and Figure 1 Directional pattern of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array in; Fig.11 for Figure 1Simulation comparison of reflection coefficient, gain and aperture efficiency of electromagnetic wave transceiver array with and without the first metal layer; Fig.12 This is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient and gain simulation of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array when the medium structure shape is different; Fig.13 for Figure 1 The comparison chart of reflection coefficient simulation of the dielectric structure of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array under different dielectric constants; Fig.14 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.15 A perspective view of a feeding structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are: 10-first metal layer; 11-first cavity; 12-annular step; 20-second metal layer; 21-second cavity; 211-annular wall; 212-connecting wall; 30-third metal layer; 301-rectangular waveguide; 302-connecting cavity; 303-feeding cavity; 31-third cavity; 40-dielectric structure; 41-first dielectric segment; 42-second dielectric segment; 43-third dielectric segment; 44-fourth dielectric segment; 45-fifth dielectric segment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0020] It should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0021] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0022] With the development of 5G communication, higher requirements are placed on the signal quality and anti-interference ability of electromagnetic wave transceiver systems. High-gain broadband antennas and their arrays can improve the performance of communication systems and data transmission rates by improving signal transmission range, quality and anti-interference ability. Electromagnetic wave transceiver systems are usually divided into feeding parts and radiation parts. In the commonly used feeding network design of array antennas, the full-parallel feeding network is easier to achieve low transmission loss and wider bandwidth than the series feeding network. The better full-parallel feeding method used in the millimeter wave band is the hollow waveguide feeding network. The transmission loss of the traditional substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding network in the millimeter wave frequency band is higher than that of the hollow waveguide (HW) feeding network, which will lead to a decrease in the gain of the electromagnetic wave transceiver system. However, the size of the traditional hollow waveguide feeding network is large, which makes it impossible to reduce the unit spacing of the array antenna, which not only reduces the layout flexibility, but also causes the antenna to produce non-negligible sidelobe problems, thereby reducing the antenna's aperture radiation efficiency. In addition, when the frequency reaches the millimeter wave band, the array antenna also faces the problem of limited bandwidth.

[0023] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes an electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure and system, the electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure includes a radiation structure and a feeding structure, the radiation structure includes a first metal layer 10 and a second metal layer 20, a plurality of second cavities 21 are arranged on the second metal layer 20, the second cavity 21 is a stepped cavity structure, and radiates electromagnetic waves outward, the first metal layer 10 has a plurality of first cavities 11, and each second cavity 21 is opposite to N first cavities 11. The added first metal layer 10 does not increase the aperture size of the radiation structure, but increases the gain of the radiation structure, thereby improving the aperture efficiency of the radiation structure.

[0024] The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention is now described.

[0025] Please also read Figure 1 and Figure 2The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure includes a radiation structure and a feeding structure for feeding the radiation structure, the radiation structure includes a first metal layer 10 and a second metal layer 20, the first metal layer 10 has a plurality of first cavities 11, the second metal layer 20 has a plurality of second cavities 21, and one second cavity 21 is arranged opposite to the N first cavities 11 respectively; the feeding structure includes a third metal layer 30, the first metal layer 10, the second metal layer 20 and the third metal layer 30 are stacked in sequence, the third metal layer 30 has a third cavity 31 opposite to the plurality of second cavities 21, the third cavity 31 is connected to the chip pin of the circuit board through a probe, and the third cavity 31 is used to feed the second cavity 21; the second cavity 21 is a stepped cavity structure and is used to radiate electromagnetic waves, the direction from the first cavity 11 to the third cavity 31 is a first direction, in the first direction, the size of the second cavity 21 gradually decreases, and the first cavity 11 is used to improve the gain of the radiation structure.

[0026] The feeding structure is used to electrically connect with the chip of the circuit board, and the feeding structure is generally used to feed the radiation structure. The feeding structure includes a third metal layer 30, and the third metal layer 30 is a metal structure. It can be understood that the third metal layer 30 is made of a metal material, and the third metal layer 30 has a third cavity 31 inside. The third cavity 31 is connected to the chip pin of the circuit board through a probe, so that the third cavity 31 forms a feeding cavity.

[0027] The radiation structure is used to radiate electromagnetic waves outward to achieve signal transmission. The radiation structure includes a first metal layer 10 and a second metal layer 20, both of which are made of metal materials. The first metal layer 10, the second metal layer 20 and the third metal layer 30 are stacked in sequence. The direction from the first metal layer 10 to the third metal layer 30 is the first direction, and the direction perpendicular to the first direction is the second direction. The first metal layer 10 has a plurality of first cavities 11, and the second metal layer 20 has a plurality of second cavities 21. The number of first cavities 11 is N times the number of second cavities 21, and each second cavity 21 corresponds to N first cavities 11. The second cavity 21 is a stepped radiation cavity, which is used to radiate electromagnetic waves outward. The size of the first cavity 11 is smaller than that of the second cavity 21, which has the effect of suppressing the side lobes of the directional pattern and improving the antenna gain. Among them, the second cavity 21 is a stepped cavity structure, and the radiator formed by the second cavity 21 can be regarded as a horn antenna.

[0028] See also Figure 8 and Fig. 9 , Figure 8 The middle left picture is a simulation picture of the electric field at the mouth of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array at the second cavity 21. Figure 8 The middle right picture is a simulation of the electric field at the mouth of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array at the first cavity 11. Fig. 9The middle left figure shows the electric field distribution diagram at the second cavity 21 and the third cavity 31. Fig. 9 The middle right figure is a diagram of the electric field distribution in the first cavity 11 , the second cavity 21 and the third cavity 31 . Figure 8 Middle left picture, Fig. 9 As shown in the middle left figure, the electric field distribution at the second cavity 21 has both downward and upward directions. Therefore, if the radiation is directly radiated outward through the second cavity 21, the electric field inside the second cavity 21 will be reversely superimposed, and the directional pattern will produce lobes, and the side lobes will be large, so the gain of the radiation structure is relatively low. After adding the first metal layer 10, according to Figure 8 Middle right picture, Fig. 9 As shown in the middle right figure, the direction of the internal electric field of the first cavity 11 is consistent, the gain of radiation passing through the first cavity 11 and then radiating outward is relatively high, and the lobes of the directional diagram are relatively small.

[0029] More intuitively, see Fig.10 , Fig.10 The middle left figure is a directional diagram without the first metal layer 10. Fig.10 The right figure in the figure is the radiation diagram with the second metal layer 20. According to the comparison between the two, when there is no first metal layer 10, the gain of the main lobe is 16.6dBi, and the gain of the side lobe is as high as 11.3dBi. The side lobe gain is too high, resulting in a low overall gain of the radiation structure. After adding the first metal layer 10, the gain of the main lobe increases to 20.2dBi, and the gain of the side lobe decreases to 7.4dBi. When the size of the radiation aperture remains unchanged, the side lobe gain is suppressed and the gain of the radiation structure is significantly increased.

[0030] Among them, the aperture efficiency of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array system is η =G / (4πA / λ 2 ), where G is the system gain, A is the radiation aperture size, and λ corresponds to the wavelength of the corresponding operating frequency. It can be seen that improving the aperture efficiency can be achieved by increasing the system gain and reducing the aperture size. In the present invention, the aperture efficiency of the system can be improved by increasing the system gain.

[0031] The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure in the above embodiment includes a radiation structure and a feeding structure. The radiation structure includes a first metal layer 10 and a second metal layer 20. The multiple second cavities 21 in the second metal layer 20 are all radiators, which are equivalent to radiating antennas. The multiple first cavities 11 in the first metal layer 10 correspond to one first cavity 11. Without increasing the size of the original radiator, the first cavity 11 can effectively suppress the side lobes generated by the radiator. The electric field distribution of the radiator is more uniform, which greatly improves the problem of antenna split lobes and improves the antenna aperture radiation efficiency, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 4 and Figure 6 The cavity wall of the second cavity 21 includes a plurality of annular walls 211 sequentially arranged along the first direction and a connecting wall 212 connecting two adjacent annular walls 211. In the first direction, the size of each annular wall 211 decreases sequentially, the annular wall 211 extends along the first direction, and the connecting wall 212 extends in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. A plurality of annular walls 211 are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and each annular wall 211 extends along the first direction, and the size of each annular wall 211 decreases sequentially in the first direction, so that the cavity wall of the second cavity 21 is a stepped structure for easy processing and manufacturing. The connecting wall 212 is used to connect adjacent annular walls 211, and the connecting wall 212 can be understood as extending in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0033] By providing a plurality of annular walls 211 and connecting walls 212 of different sizes, the cavity wall of the second cavity 21 is a stepped structure, which is similar to the structure of a horn antenna. The second cavity 21 can be regarded as a horn antenna and is easy to process and shape.

[0034] In some embodiments, the annular wall 211 is square, and the corners of the annular wall 211 have rounded structures, which can make the directional pattern more symmetrical and reduce the loss generated during energy transmission.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 3 , the first cavity 11 is arranged in a square shape, and the side length of the first cavity 11 is smaller than the wavelength of the radiation structure. The wavelength of the radiation structure can be understood as the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency band of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array system when it is working. By setting the side length of the first cavity 11 to be smaller than the wavelength of the radiation structure, the side lobes of the radiation pattern can be more effectively suppressed and the gain of the system can be improved.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the number of the second cavities 21 is four, and the number of the second cavities 21 may also be 8, 16, etc.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the first cavities 11 is four times the number of the second cavities 21. For example, the number of the second cavities 21 is four, and the number of the first cavities 11 is sixteen.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a dielectric structure 40 is disposed in each first cavity 11. The dielectric structure 40 is a non-metallic structure, and the dielectric structure 40 is made of different materials from the first metal layer 10, the second metal layer 20, and the third metal layer 30. By disposing the dielectric structure 40, impedance matching can be improved, thereby improving bandwidth performance.

[0039] See also Fig.11 , Fig.11 The middle left figure is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient and gain simulation of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array with and without the first metal layer 10. Fig.11 The middle right figure is a simulation comparison diagram of the aperture efficiency of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array with and without the first metal layer 10. The "array with small-sized speaker" is the curve with the first metal layer 10, and the "array without small-sized speaker" is the curve without the first metal layer 10. It can be clearly seen that after adding the first metal layer 10, the gain and aperture efficiency of the antenna are successfully improved. However, while the gain is improved, the bandwidth of the antenna is reduced from 43.5% of the original bandwidth to 18.3%, which shows that although the antenna gain and aperture efficiency are improved, the bandwidth performance is subject to certain limitations. In order to solve this problem, the present invention further optimizes the system design, adopts the method of loading the dielectric structure 40, and embeds the dielectric array in the array to improve impedance matching, thereby improving bandwidth performance.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 5 The dielectric structure 40 includes a first dielectric segment 41, a second dielectric segment 42, and a third dielectric segment 43 connected in sequence along a first direction. In a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the size of the second dielectric segment 42 is larger than the size of the first dielectric segment 41 and the size of the third dielectric segment 43. After the first dielectric segment 41, the second dielectric segment 42, and the second dielectric segment 42 are projected along the first direction, the size of the second dielectric segment 42 is the largest, and the sizes of the first dielectric segment 41 and the third dielectric segment 43 are both smaller than the size of the second dielectric segment 42. By setting the dielectric to such a structure, the impedance matching can be effectively improved and the bandwidth can be increased. In this embodiment, the dielectric structure 40 can be referred to as Design II. When the dielectric structure 40 only includes the second dielectric segment 42 and the third dielectric segment 43, it can be referred to as Design I.

[0041] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The dielectric structure 40 further includes a fourth dielectric segment 44 and a fifth dielectric segment 45. The fourth dielectric segment 44, the first dielectric segment 41, the second dielectric segment 42, the third dielectric segment 43 and the fifth dielectric segment 45 are sequentially connected along the first direction; and in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the size of the fourth dielectric segment 44 is smaller than the size of the first dielectric segment 41, and the size of the third dielectric segment 43 is larger than the size of the fifth dielectric segment 45. In the first direction, the size of each dielectric segment increases first and then decreases. By adding the fourth dielectric segment 44 and the fifth dielectric segment 45, the impedance matching can be further improved and the bandwidth can be increased. In this embodiment, the dielectric structure 40 can be referred to as design III.

[0042] Specifically, by adding a structural transition section (the fourth dielectric section 44 and the fifth dielectric section 45), the wave impedance discontinuity in the process of electromagnetic waves being radiated from the radiation structure to the free space can be reduced, thereby reducing the energy reflection at the antenna radiation port surface, and ultimately achieving the effect of optimizing the reflection coefficient bandwidth of the antenna feeding port.

[0043] Optionally, part of the third dielectric segment 43 and the fifth dielectric segment 45 extend into the second cavity 21, which can reduce the wave impedance discontinuity in the process of electromagnetic waves being radiated from the radiation structure to the free space, thereby reducing the energy reflection at the antenna radiation port, and ultimately achieving the effect of optimizing the reflection coefficient bandwidth of the antenna feeding port.

[0044] In some embodiments, the dimensions (heights) of the fourth dielectric segment 44, the first dielectric segment 41, the second dielectric segment 42, the third dielectric segment 43 and the fifth dielectric segment 45 along the first direction are 3.36 mm, 1.69 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.45 mm and 2.1 mm, respectively, and the widths of the fourth dielectric segment 44, the first dielectric segment 41, the second dielectric segment 42, the third dielectric segment 43 and the fifth dielectric segment 45 are 2.82 mm, 5.1 mm, 5.8 mm, 3.37 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively.

[0045] See also Fig.12 , Fig.12 The figure is a comparison diagram of the reflection coefficient and gain simulation of the electromagnetic wave transceiver array when the shape of the dielectric structure 40 is different, wherein "feeding layer" refers to the feeding structure, and "without XCPS" means that the dielectric structure 40 is not set. In the design process of the present invention, three different dielectric layer structures are adopted, namely design I, design II, and design III, wherein the double-layer pyramid structure designed by design III is the dielectric structure 40 finally loaded into the first cavity 11. The simulation results show that after adding the dielectric structure 40, the impedance matching of the antenna is significantly improved, the bandwidth is expanded from the original 18.3% to 43.1%, and the overall impedance matching of the antenna is close to the impedance matching of the antenna feeding structure, so the dielectric structure 40 has achieved a relatively ideal design effect.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 3 and Figure 7 The inner wall of the first cavity 11 is protruded with an annular step 12, the second dielectric segment 42 abuts against the annular step 12, and the outer circumferential wall of the second dielectric segment 42 matches the inner circumferential wall size of the first cavity 11. The bottom of the second dielectric segment 42 abuts against the top surface of the annular step 12, limiting the position of the dielectric structure 40 in the first direction. The outer circumferential wall of the second dielectric segment 42 matches the inner circumferential wall size of the first cavity 11, which means that the two are close in size, and the second dielectric segment 42 can be just placed in the first cavity 11.

[0047] By providing the annular step 12, impedance matching can be improved and the installation or fixing of the structure can be facilitated.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric constant of the dielectric structure 40 is 2.1 to 2.8. Considering the inaccuracy of the dielectric constant in reality, this solution also studies whether different dielectric constants have an impact on the antenna. Fig.13 It can be seen from the results that a small change in the dielectric constant ε has almost no effect on the impedance matching of the antenna. Fig.13 The change of reflection coefficient under different dielectric constants ε (2.2, 2.5, 2.53, 2.6, 2.7). This shows that in practical applications, even if the dielectric constant of the dielectric material fluctuates slightly, it will not significantly affect the impedance matching performance of the antenna, which provides better tolerance and stability for the practical application of the array system.

[0049] See also Fig.14 and Fig.15 The present invention also provides an electromagnetic wave transceiver array system, which includes a plurality of electromagnetic wave transceiver array structures in any of the above embodiments, each first metal layer 10 is integrally arranged, each second metal layer 20 is integrally arranged, and each third metal layer 30 is integrally arranged. By arranging a plurality of electromagnetic wave transceiver array structures, the system can provide a greater gain.

[0050] The electromagnetic wave transceiver array system provided by the present invention adopts the above-mentioned electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure, including a radiation structure and a feeding structure. The radiation structure includes a first metal layer 10 and a second metal layer 20. The multiple second cavities 21 in the second metal layer 20 are all radiators, which are equivalent to radiating antennas. The multiple first cavities 11 in the first metal layer 10 correspond to one first cavity 11. Without additionally increasing the size of the original radiator, the first cavity 11 can effectively suppress the side lobes generated by the radiator, and the electric field distribution of the radiator is more uniform, which greatly improves the problem of antenna split lobes and improves the antenna aperture radiation efficiency, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, see Fig.15, the feeding structure includes a sub-feeding network, a main feeding network and a rectangular waveguide 301 arranged in sequence along a first direction, the sub-feeding network includes a plurality of feeding cavities 303 arranged in an array, each feeding cavity 303 feeds the corresponding radiation structure, and the main feeding network includes a plurality of connecting cavities 302, one end of the connecting cavity 302 is connected to the rectangular waveguide 301, and the other end of the connecting cavity 302 is connected to the feeding cavity 303. Among them, the number of feeding cavities 303 and the number of connecting cavities 302 are the same as the number of radiation structures. The sub-feeding network and the main feeding network are respectively arranged in different feeding layers, and the sub-feeding network and the main feeding network are connected to each other. Energy enters the main feeding network from the rectangular waveguide 301 at the bottom, and then vertically feeds into the sub-feeding network. The gap between two adjacent connection cavities 302 is d. By controlling the size of the gap d, the high-order mode TE220 can be excited and propagated in the cavity. Under a smaller structural size, the high-order mode can excite a more uniform electric field and efficiently transfer energy to each radiating structure. This efficient energy distribution can reduce the energy loss in traditional low-order mode feeding and greatly improve the gain and efficiency of the antenna. The present invention improves the feeding structure so that it can provide an equal-amplitude and in-phase energy for the electromagnetic wave transceiver array system.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a radiation structure and a feeding structure for feeding the radiation structure, wherein the radiation structure comprises a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the first metal layer has a plurality of first cavities, the second metal layer has a plurality of second cavities, and one of the second cavities is arranged opposite to N of the first cavities respectively; The feeding structure includes a third metal layer, the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are stacked in sequence, the third metal layer has a third cavity directly opposite to the plurality of second cavities, the third cavity is connected to the chip pins of the circuit board through a probe, and the third cavity is used to feed the second cavity; the second cavity is a stepped cavity structure and is used to radiate electromagnetic waves, the direction from the first cavity to the third cavity is a first direction, in the first direction, the size of the second cavity gradually decreases, and the first cavity is used to improve the gain of the radiation structure.

2. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity wall of the second cavity includes a plurality of annular walls arranged in sequence along the first direction and a connecting wall connecting two adjacent annular walls. In the first direction, the size of each annular wall decreases in sequence. The annular wall extends along the first direction, and the connecting wall extends in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.

3. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cavity is arranged in a square shape, and the side length of the first cavity is smaller than the wavelength of the radiation structure.

4. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A medium structure is disposed in each of the first cavities.

5. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The dielectric structure includes a first dielectric segment, a second dielectric segment and a third dielectric segment connected in sequence along the first direction. In a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the size of the second dielectric segment is larger than the size of the first dielectric segment and the third dielectric segment.

6. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The dielectric structure also includes a fourth dielectric segment and a fifth dielectric segment, wherein the fourth dielectric segment, the first dielectric segment, the second dielectric segment, the third dielectric segment and the fifth dielectric segment are sequentially connected along the first direction; and in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, a size of the fourth dielectric segment is smaller than a size of the first dielectric segment, and a size of the third dielectric segment is larger than a size of the fifth dielectric segment.

7. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall protrusion of the first cavity is provided with an annular step, the second medium segment abuts against the annular step, and the outer peripheral wall of the second medium segment is adapted to the size of the inner peripheral wall of the first cavity.

8. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the dielectric structure is 2.1 to 2.

8.

9. An electromagnetic wave transceiver array system, characterized in that: The electromagnetic wave transceiver array structure comprises a plurality of structures described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each of the first metal layers is integrally arranged, each of the second metal layers is integrally arranged, and each of the third metal layers is integrally arranged.

10. The electromagnetic wave transceiver array system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The feeding structure includes a sub-feeding network, a main feeding network and a rectangular waveguide arranged in sequence along a first direction, the sub-feeding network includes a plurality of feeding cavities arranged in an array, each of the feeding cavities feeds the corresponding radiating structure, and the main feeding network includes a plurality of connecting cavities, one end of the connecting cavity is connected to the rectangular waveguide, and the other end of the connecting cavity is connected to the feeding cavity.

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