Preparation method and ecological effect evaluation method of high-activity plant-growing capsule material

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-activity plant-growing capsule material and an ecological effect evaluation method of the high-activity plant-growing capsule material. The high-activity plant-growing capsule material has excellent adhesion and can be tightly attached to various substrates, the stability of vegetation is improved, and water and soil loss can be effectively prevented. And secondly, the water absorption of the capsule is enhanced, so that the capsule can provide continuous water support for the plant under a drought or water shortage condition, thereby improving the growth potential of the plant. Besides, the plant-growing capsule also has a nutrition supply function, and organic matters and mineral components contained in the plant-growing capsule can gradually release nutrients to provide sufficient growth requirements for plants, so that development and growth of plant root systems are promoted. And finally, the environmental stability of the capsule material ensures that the capsule material can maintain the structural integrity and the function continuity for a long time in a changeable natural environment, and especially can effectively maintain the ecological restoration effect in regions with relatively large water flow and temperature changes and soil acidity and alkalinity fluctuation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material and evaluating its ecological effect. Background Art

[0002] As an important water conservancy project, the bank slope protection of the canal is directly related to the long-term stability and safety of the water body. The excavation and operation of the canal usually cause problems such as bank slope instability, soil erosion and environmental damage. Especially in river sections with rapid water flow and complex terrain, the bank slope is affected by water erosion, weathering and human activities, and is prone to slope collapse and sliding. Therefore, bank slope protection technology has become the key to ensuring the safe operation of the canal and improving its environmental and economic benefits. Canal bank slope protection materials are an important means to ensure the stability of the canal coast, prevent soil erosion and soil slope sliding. This type of material effectively reduces soil erosion, enhances the stability of the slope protection structure, and has good ecological adaptability through interaction with vegetation, soil and environment. With the enhancement of water conservancy projects and environmental protection awareness, the types and application technologies of canal bank slope protection materials have been widely studied and applied at home and abroad. With the intensification of global climate change and human activities, the stability of the canal bank slope faces more severe challenges. Frequent floods, changes in precipitation and runoff in the basin may lead to intensified fluctuations in the canal water level, thereby increasing the risk of bank slope erosion by water flow. In some countries with intensive water transport, canals have become hubs connecting important water systems, and the stability of canals is crucial to the smooth progress of economic activities. Although traditional hard protective materials, such as concrete, block stones, and gabions, have played a significant role in improving the stability of canal slopes, their negative impact on the environment has attracted increasing attention. The long-term application of these materials will destroy the natural slope morphology, hinder the growth of plants and the recovery of aquatic ecosystems. At the same time, the proposal of global sustainable development goals has prompted the academic and engineering communities to seek more environmentally friendly, cost-effective and efficient canal slope protection solutions. In recent years, ecological slope protection materials have received increasing attention and research as a new type of protective material. The advantage of ecological slope protection materials is that they can protect the slope while maintaining or improving the ecological environment and restoring the natural landscape. For example, vegetation slope protection, biofiber materials, and ecological concrete, by combining with soil and plants, not only enhance the protection capacity of the slope, but also reduce damage to the natural environment and promote the recovery of the ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the green materials of high-activity plant capsules on canal slopes and analyze their ecological effects. In the research and development of ecological restoration and vegetation materials, it is particularly important to achieve high adaptability and environmental friendliness of materials to plant growth. In the existing technology, vegetation materials have the following problems under underwater or harsh conditions: insufficient material adhesion, easy to fall off, resulting in poor vegetation effect; limited water absorption and water retention performance, difficult to provide the water required for plant growth for a long time; low ecological activity, lack of targeted nutrient supply and microbial synergistic promotion effect.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material and evaluating its ecological effect, and solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material comprises the following steps: The crushed stones with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm are moistened with a xanthan gum aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of xanthan gum in the xanthan gum aqueous solution is 0.1%, and the proportion of xanthan gum used is 1% to 5% of the total mass; The moistened crushed stone is mixed with sodium bentonite in five times, wherein the bentonite is natural mineral bentonite, and the proportion is 20% to 30% of the total mass. After each addition of bentonite, it is stirred evenly until all the bentonite is added. After all the sodium bentonite is mixed with the crushed stone, initial composite particles are obtained; seeds are arranged in the natural mineral bentonite.

[0006] The acrylic emulsion is evenly coated on the surface of the initial particles by a spraying method, and the proportion of the acrylic ester used is 5% to 10% of the total mass. Stirring is continued until the surface of the particles is dry to obtain the final composite particles. The spraying method is to spray the acrylic emulsion on the surface of the initial particles until the surface of the particles is evenly coated, and continue to dry under stirring conditions. During the spraying process, the drip rate is adjusted within the range of 10 milliliters per second (mL / s).

[0007] The present invention uses a xanthan gum aqueous solution to wet gravel, which not only improves the adhesion and structural stability of the particles, but also lays a foundation for the subsequent uniform coating of bentonite; the step-by-step mixing of natural mineral bentonite ensures the uniform distribution of seeds, while giving the particles excellent water absorption and nutrient release capabilities, promoting the germination and growth of plant seeds; finally, the surface of the particles is coated with an acrylic emulsion to further improve the durability, anti-scouring performance and environmental adaptability of the particles, so that they have a longer service life and higher ecological restoration ability in a complex environment. This preparation method has simple process, easy-to-obtain materials, low cost, and the particles integrate adhesion, water absorption, nutrient supply and environmental stability, which is very suitable for large-scale ecological restoration and soil and water conservation applications.

[0008] Optionally, the crushed stone is obtained by crushing and screening natural rocks or pebbles.

[0009] Optionally, the particle size of the composite particles is 5 to 20 mm.

[0010] Optionally, the composite particles have a core-shell structure, wherein the core portion is crushed stone, and the outer layers are a cementing layer, a water-absorbing expansion layer and a protective layer in sequence.

[0011] A high-activity plant capsule material is prepared by the preparation method.

[0012] A method for evaluating the ecological effects of the highly active plant-based capsule material comprises the following steps: Step 1: High-activity plant capsule materials are laid in the above-water area and the underwater area respectively. In the above-water area, a low-alkalinity cement-based gelling frame is used as the base, and high-activity plant capsules are laid on top of it. In the underwater area, high-activity plant capsule particles are directly laid to simulate the real water flow environment and set up a control group without laying plant capsules; Low alkalinity cement-based cementitious frame production steps: ① Add low-alkali cement clinker, active admixtures (slag powder, fly ash) and aggregates into the mixer according to the proportion, and dry mix for 3 to 5 minutes to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed; ② Slowly add water while stirring continuously to avoid agglomeration, add admixtures (such as acidity regulator, rheology enhancer), and control the stirring time to 5-10 minutes until the slurry is uniform and free of bubbles; ③ Pour the stirred slurry into the mold, use a vibration table to gently vibrate to remove bubbles, scrape the surface flat, and ensure that the frame shape is complete; ④After pouring, leave it at room temperature for 24 hours to complete the initial condensation. Make sure the frame is moist during the standing process. Cover it with a wet cloth or spray it with water mist to avoid cracking. ⑤ Move the frame to a wet curing box, maintain humidity at 80%~90%, temperature at 20~30°C, and cure for 7~14 days. After curing, move the frame to a drying room and dry at low temperature (40~50°C) for 24~48 hours to ensure the stability of the frame structure and check whether the frame surface is flat and crack-free.

[0013] Step 2: Use a wave-making device to simulate the water flow environment to test the anti-scouring performance of the high-activity plant capsules. By measuring the weight loss rate of the high-activity plant capsules, calculate their anti-scouring performance and evaluate the integrity retention time of the material under simulated water flow conditions; Step 3: sowing tall fescue grass seeds on the surface of the high-activity vegetation capsule material, using a plant growth observation instrument to observe and record the germination rate, survival rate, biomass and other vegetation performance indicators of the grass seeds, and evaluating the promoting effect of the high-activity vegetation capsule on plant growth; Step 4: Evaluate the impact of the high-activity plant capsule material on soil nutrients through soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content analysis, and evaluate its improvement effect on soil fertility and ecological environment; Step 5: Use image recognition and analysis technology to measure plant coverage and quantitatively evaluate the effects of vegetation capsules on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.

[0014] Optionally, a wave making device is used to simulate a water flow environment to test the anti-scouring performance of the high-activity plant capsules. By measuring the weight loss rate of the high-activity plant capsules, the anti-scouring performance is calculated, and the integrity retention time of the material under simulated water flow conditions is evaluated as follows: Use a wave making device to simulate the water flow environment, and simulate the scouring effect of the high-activity plant capsule material under the actual natural water flow conditions; place the high-activity plant capsule material in the wave making device, set the appropriate water flow rate and wave frequency, and ensure that the actual scouring environment of the natural water flow is simulated; By measuring the mass lost by the highly active plant-based capsule material during the flushing process, its weight loss rate, that is, the ratio of the lost mass of the material to the original mass, is calculated to evaluate its anti-scouring performance. ; Observe and record the integrity retention time of the high-activity plant capsule material, that is, the time the material maintains its intact structure under simulated water flow conditions; comprehensively evaluate the anti-scouring performance of the high-activity plant capsule material based on the material's weight loss rate and integrity retention time, and obtain quantitative data on its scouring resistance; the integrity retention time refers to the time that the high-activity plant capsule can maintain its structure without damage or failure under the action of water flow.

[0015] Optionally, a plant growth observation instrument is used to observe and record the germination rate, survival rate, biomass and other vegetation performance indicators of the grass seeds, among which, the germination of the grass seeds after sowing is observed. ; During the growth process of the grass seeds after germination, the survival of the grass seeds was regularly observed, the survival rate was calculated, and the supporting effect of the high-activity plant growth capsule on the growth of the grass seeds was evaluated. The calculation formula is as follows: ; By measuring the plant height, leaf area, root growth and other indicators of grass species, the biomass of plants is evaluated to reflect the promoting effect of the plant growth capsule material on plant growth. The calculation formula is as follows: .

[0016] Optionally, during the process of laying the vegetation capsules and plant growth, soil samples are collected regularly, especially at different time points after the material is laid, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the collected soil samples are analyzed by distillation method; By comparing with the area without vegetation capsules, the effect of high-activity vegetation capsule materials on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was evaluated, the improvement ratio of each nutrient component was calculated, and the improvement effect of vegetation capsule materials on soil fertility was quantified. The evaluation formula for the changes in soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is as follows: .

[0017] Optionally, the steps of measuring plant coverage using image recognition and analysis technology and quantitatively evaluating the effect of the plant capsule on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration are: During the growth of plants, the plant coverage was monitored using a camera, and then the images obtained by the camera were input into ImageJ software for image analysis; The photos taken were analyzed by ImageJ software, the contrast between the plant coverage area and the background was extracted, the plant coverage was calculated, and the effect of the plant capsule on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration was quantitatively evaluated. The expression is: , where the number of pixels in the plant area is the number of pixels in the area covered by plants in the image, and the number of pixels in the total area is the number of pixels in the entire area of ​​the image.

[0018] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art. Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described below at the same time: The high-activity plant capsule material of the present invention has excellent adhesion and can be tightly attached to various substrates, which not only improves the stability of vegetation, but also effectively prevents soil erosion. Secondly, the water absorption of the capsule is enhanced, so that it can provide continuous water support for plants under drought or water shortage conditions, thereby improving the growth potential of plants. In addition, the plant capsule also has a nutrient supply function. The organic and mineral components contained therein can gradually release nutrients to provide plants with sufficient growth needs, thereby promoting the development and growth of plant roots. Finally, the environmental stability of the capsule material ensures that it can maintain the integrity of the structure and the continuity of its functions for a long time in a changing natural environment, especially in areas with large fluctuations in water flow, temperature changes and soil pH, and can effectively maintain its ecological restoration effect.

[0019] By optimizing the raw material ratio and process flow, the production of the material does not require complex technical equipment, and the procurement cost of raw materials is relatively low, making the entire preparation process highly cost-effective. In addition, the production process of the material is very suitable for industrialization and large-scale production, and can meet the needs of different regions and different application scenarios. It has strong scalability and can not only adapt to small-scale experiments and laboratory research, but also support large-scale environmental governance projects. The simple process and low cost make the promotion and application of this material in the field of ecological restoration widely feasible.

[0020] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings described below are only some embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plant capsule; Figure 2It is a low-alkalinity cementitious framework; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of indoor test.

[0022] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but are intended to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] See also Figure 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, a method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material is provided, comprising the following steps: The crushed stones with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm are moistened with a xanthan gum aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of xanthan gum in the xanthan gum aqueous solution is 0.1%, and the proportion of xanthan gum used is 1% to 5% of the total mass; The wetted crushed stone is mixed with sodium bentonite in five times, wherein the bentonite is natural mineral bentonite, and the proportion is 20% to 30% of the total mass. After each addition of the bentonite, the mixture is stirred evenly until all the bentonite is added. After all the sodium bentonite is mixed with the crushed stone, the initial composite particles are obtained; The acrylic emulsion is evenly coated on the surface of the initial particles by a spraying method. The proportion of the acrylic emulsion used is 5% to 10% of the total mass. Stirring is continued until the surface of the particles is dry to obtain the final composite particles.

[0025] In this embodiment, the crushed stone is obtained by crushing and screening natural rocks or pebbles.

[0026] In this embodiment, the particle size of the composite particles is 5-20 mm.

[0027] In this embodiment, the composite particles have a core-shell structure, wherein the core portion is crushed stone, and the outer layers are a cementing layer, a water-absorbing expansion layer, and a protective layer in sequence.

[0028] A high-activity plant capsule material is prepared by the preparation method.

[0029] It should be noted that all raw materials in this application can be purchased through existing channels.

[0030] Example 1: A method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material, wherein the materials and proportions are: Crushed stone: Natural rock with a particle size of 5~20mm is selected and obtained by crushing and screening (60%).

[0031] Xanthan gum aqueous solution: The concentration of xanthan gum is 0.1%, and the usage ratio of xanthan gum is 2% of the total mass.

[0032] Sodium bentonite: Use natural bentonite, the proportion is 25% of the total mass.

[0033] Acrylic emulsion: The usage ratio of polyacrylate is 8% of the total mass.

[0034] The preparation method comprises the following steps: Put 5~20mm gravel into a blender, add xanthan gum aqueous solution (0.1% concentration), add xanthan gum (2%) in proportion, and dry mix for 3 minutes to ensure that the surface of each gravel is evenly wetted.

[0035] Sodium bentonite was added to the moistened gravel in proportion (25%) in five times, and stirred evenly after each addition to ensure that the bentonite was completely mixed with the gravel until all the bentonite was added to obtain the initial composite particles.

[0036] The acrylic emulsion is evenly sprayed on the surface of the initial particles and stirred until the surface of the particles is dry to obtain the final composite particles.

[0037] Example 2: A method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material, wherein the materials and proportions are: Crushed stone: Pebbles with a particle size of 5~15mm are selected and obtained by crushing and screening (55%).

[0038] Xanthan gum aqueous solution: The concentration of xanthan gum is 0.1%, and the proportion of xanthan gum used is 3% of the total mass.

[0039] Sodium bentonite: Use natural bentonite, the proportion is 30% of the total mass.

[0040] Acrylic emulsion: The usage ratio of polyacrylate is 12% of the total mass.

[0041] The preparation method comprises the following steps: Put 5~15mm pebbles into a blender, add xanthan gum aqueous solution (0.1% concentration), add xanthan gum (3%), and dry mix for 4 minutes to ensure that all the gravel surfaces are evenly wetted.

[0042] Add sodium bentonite in proportion (30%) in five times and stir evenly to ensure that the bentonite and crushed stone are fully mixed until completed.

[0043] Spray the acrylic emulsion and stir until the particle surface is dry to obtain composite particles.

[0044] Example 3: A method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material, wherein the materials and proportions are: Crushed stone: Natural rock with a particle size of 10~20mm is selected and obtained by crushing and screening (50%).

[0045] Xanthan gum aqueous solution: The concentration of xanthan gum is 0.1%, and the proportion of xanthan gum used is 4% of the total mass.

[0046] Sodium bentonite: Use natural bentonite, the proportion is 28% of the total mass.

[0047] Acrylic emulsion: The usage ratio of polyacrylate is 18% of the total mass.

[0048] The preparation method comprises the following steps: Place 10-20 mm natural rocks into a blender, add xanthan gum aqueous solution (0.1% concentration), add 4% xanthan gum, and dry mix for 5 minutes to ensure that each particle is fully wetted.

[0049] Sodium bentonite was added in proportion (28%) in five times and stirred evenly to ensure that the bentonite and crushed stone were fully mixed until all the bentonite was added to obtain uniform initial composite particles.

[0050] The acrylic emulsion is evenly sprayed on the surface of the particles and stirred until the surface is dry to obtain stable composite particles.

[0051] A method for evaluating the ecological effects of the high-activity plant capsule material of Embodiments 1-3 comprises the following steps: Step 1: High-activity plant capsule materials are laid in the above-water area and the underwater area respectively. In the above-water area, a low-alkalinity cement-based gelling frame is used as the base, and high-activity plant capsules are laid on top of it. In the underwater area, high-activity plant capsule particles are directly laid to simulate the real water flow environment and set up a control group without laying plant capsules; Step 2: Use a wave-making device to simulate the water flow environment, test the anti-scouring performance of the highly active plant capsules, calculate their anti-scouring performance by measuring the weight loss rate of the highly active plant capsules, and evaluate the integrity retention time of the material under simulated water flow conditions; the wave-making device can simulate waves in the form of ships or waves blown by the wind, and its technology is already an existing conventional technical means.

[0052] Step 3: sowing tall fescue grass seeds on the surface of the high-activity vegetation capsule material, using a plant growth observation instrument to observe and record the germination rate, survival rate, biomass and other vegetation performance indicators of the grass seeds, and evaluating the promoting effect of the high-activity vegetation capsule on plant growth; Step 4: Evaluate the impact of the high-activity plant capsule material on soil nutrients through soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content analysis, and evaluate its improvement effect on soil fertility and ecological environment; Step 5: Use image recognition and analysis technology to measure plant coverage and quantitatively evaluate the effects of vegetation capsules on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.

[0053] The wave making device was used to simulate the water flow environment to test the anti-scouring performance of the highly active plant capsules. The weight loss rate of the highly active plant capsules was measured to calculate their anti-scouring performance. The steps to evaluate the integrity retention time of the material under simulated water flow conditions were as follows: Use a wave making device to simulate the water flow environment, and simulate the scouring effect of the high-activity plant capsule material under the actual natural water flow conditions; place the high-activity plant capsule material in the wave making device, set the appropriate water flow rate and wave frequency, and ensure that the actual scouring environment of the natural water flow is simulated; By measuring the mass lost by the highly active plant-based capsule material during the flushing process, its weight loss rate, that is, the ratio of the lost mass of the material to the original mass, is calculated to evaluate its anti-scouring performance. ; Observe and record the integrity retention time of the high-activity plant capsule material, that is, the time the material maintains its intact structure under simulated water flow conditions; comprehensively evaluate the anti-scouring performance of the high-activity plant capsule material based on the material's weight loss rate and integrity retention time, and obtain quantitative data on its scouring resistance; the integrity retention time refers to the time that the high-activity plant capsule can maintain its structure without damage or failure under the action of water flow.

[0054] When using a plant growth observation instrument to observe and record the germination rate, survival rate, biomass and other vegetation performance indicators of grass seeds, among which, the germination of grass seeds after sowing is observed. ; During the growth process of the grass seeds after germination, the survival of the grass seeds was regularly observed, the survival rate was calculated, and the supporting effect of the high-activity plant growth capsule on the growth of the grass seeds was evaluated. The calculation formula is as follows: ; By measuring the plant height, leaf area, root growth and other indicators of grass species, the biomass of plants is evaluated to reflect the promoting effect of the plant growth capsule material on plant growth. The calculation formula is as follows: .

[0055] During the process of laying the vegetation capsules and plant growth, soil samples were collected regularly, especially at different time points after the material was laid, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the collected soil samples were analyzed using the distillation method; By comparing with the area without vegetation capsules, the effect of high-activity vegetation capsule materials on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was evaluated, the improvement ratio of each nutrient component was calculated, and the improvement effect of vegetation capsule materials on soil fertility was quantified. The evaluation formula for the changes in soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is as follows: .

[0056] The steps of using image recognition and analysis technology to measure plant coverage and quantitatively evaluate the effects of plant capsules on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration are as follows: During the growth of plants, the plant coverage was monitored using a camera, and then the images obtained by the camera were input into ImageJ software for image analysis; The photos taken were analyzed by ImageJ software, the contrast between the plant coverage area and the background was extracted, the plant coverage was calculated, and the effect of the plant capsule on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration was quantitatively evaluated. The expression is: , where the number of pixels in the plant area is the number of pixels in the area covered by plants in the image, and the number of pixels in the total area is the number of pixels in all areas of the image. The specific evaluation results are shown in the following table. In the experiment, Examples 1, 2 and 3 each showed different advantages and characteristics. Example 1 performed relatively well in anti-scouring performance (weight loss rate 12%, integrity retention time 230 minutes), but slightly lower than other examples; its plant coverage rate (68%) and germination rate (75%) showed good effects, and at the same time, it significantly improved soil nutrient improvement (nitrogen 65%, phosphorus 72%, potassium 83%) compared with the control group. Example 2 performed best in plant growth performance, with a germination rate of 82% and a survival rate of 76%. The plant height (18 cm), leaf area (25 cm²) and root weight (9 g) of the plant were significantly higher than those of other examples, and the plant coverage rate reached 75%. It also performed well in soil nutrient improvement (nitrogen 73%, phosphorus 85%, potassium 92%). In contrast, Example 3 performed best in anti-scouring performance and soil nutrient improvement, with a weight loss rate of only 8% and an integrity retention time of 280 minutes. At the same time, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium improvement rates reached 78%, 95% and 102% respectively; the plant coverage rate was also the highest, reaching 88%, far better than Example 1 (68%), Example 2 (75%) and the control group (40%); in addition, its plant growth performance was good, with a germination rate of 78%, a survival rate of 74%, and better plant height (21 cm), leaf area (27 cm²) and root weight (10 g). Overall, Example 3 performed best in comprehensive performance, Example 2 had outstanding advantages in plant growth, and Example 1 was more balanced in coverage and germination rate.

[0057] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Anyone should be aware that any structural changes made under the enlightenment of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same or similar to the present invention, fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The technology, shape, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The crushed stones with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm are moistened with a xanthan gum aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of xanthan gum in the xanthan gum aqueous solution is 0.1%, and the proportion of xanthan gum used is 1% to 5% of the total mass; The wetted crushed stone is mixed with sodium bentonite in five times, wherein the bentonite is natural mineral bentonite, and the proportion is 20% to 30% of the total mass. After each addition of the bentonite, the mixture is stirred evenly until all the bentonite is added. After all the sodium bentonite is mixed with the crushed stone, the initial composite particles are obtained; The acrylic emulsion is evenly coated on the surface of the initial particles by a spraying method. The proportion of the acrylic emulsion used is 5% to 10% of the total mass. Stirring is continued until the surface of the particles is dry to obtain the final composite particles.

2. The method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushed stone is obtained by crushing and screening natural rocks or pebbles.

3. The method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the composite particles is 5-20 mm.

4. The method for preparing a high-activity plant capsule material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite particles have a core-shell structure, wherein the core part is crushed stone, and the outer layers are a cementing layer, a water-absorbing expansion layer and a protective layer in sequence.

5. A highly active plant capsule material, characterized in that: Prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A method for evaluating the ecological effects of a high-activity plant capsule material as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: High-activity plant capsule materials are laid in the above-water area and the underwater area respectively. In the above-water area, a low-alkalinity cement-based gelling frame is used as the base, and high-activity plant capsules are laid on top of it. In the underwater area, high-activity plant capsule particles are directly laid to simulate the real water flow environment and set up a control group without laying plant capsules; Step 2: Use a wave-making device to simulate the water flow environment to test the anti-scouring performance of the high-activity plant capsules. By measuring the weight loss rate of the high-activity plant capsules, calculate their anti-scouring performance and evaluate the integrity retention time of the material under simulated water flow conditions; Step 3: sowing tall fescue grass seeds on the surface of the high-activity vegetation capsule material, using a plant growth observation instrument to observe and record the germination rate, survival rate, biomass and other vegetation performance indicators of the grass seeds, and evaluating the promoting effect of the high-activity vegetation capsule on plant growth; Step 4: Evaluate the impact of the high-activity plant capsule material on soil nutrients through soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content analysis, and evaluate its improvement effect on soil fertility and ecological environment; Step 5: Use image recognition and analysis technology to measure plant coverage and quantitatively evaluate the effects of vegetation capsules on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.

7. The method for evaluating the ecological effects of a high-activity plant capsule material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wave making device was used to simulate the water flow environment to test the anti-scouring performance of the highly active plant capsules. The weight loss rate of the highly active plant capsules was measured to calculate their anti-scouring performance. The steps to evaluate the integrity retention time of the material under simulated water flow conditions were as follows: Use a wave making device to simulate the water flow environment, and simulate the scouring effect of the high-activity plant capsule material under the actual natural water flow conditions; place the high-activity plant capsule material in the wave making device, set the appropriate water flow rate and wave frequency, and ensure that the actual scouring environment of the natural water flow is simulated; By measuring the mass lost by the highly active plant-based capsule material during the flushing process, its weight loss rate, that is, the ratio of the lost mass of the material to the original mass, is calculated to evaluate its anti-scouring performance. ; Observe and record the integrity retention time of the high-activity plant capsule material, that is, the time the material maintains its intact structure under simulated water flow conditions; comprehensively evaluate the anti-scouring performance of the high-activity plant capsule material based on the material's weight loss rate and integrity retention time, and obtain quantitative data on its scouring resistance; the integrity retention time refers to the time that the high-activity plant capsule can maintain its structure without damage or failure under the action of water flow.

8. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of a high-activity plant capsule material according to claim 6, characterized in that: When using a plant growth observation instrument to observe and record the germination rate, survival rate, biomass and other vegetation performance indicators of grass seeds, among which, the germination of grass seeds after sowing is observed. ; During the growth process of the grass seeds after germination, the survival of the grass seeds was regularly observed, the survival rate was calculated, and the supporting effect of the high-activity plant growth capsule on the growth of the grass seeds was evaluated. The calculation formula is as follows: ; By measuring the plant height, leaf area, root growth and other indicators of grass species, the biomass of plants is evaluated to reflect the promoting effect of the plant growth capsule material on plant growth. The calculation formula is as follows: .

9. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of a high-activity plant capsule material according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the process of laying the vegetation capsules and plant growth, soil samples were collected regularly, especially at different time points after the material was laid, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the collected soil samples were analyzed using the distillation method; By comparing with the area without vegetation capsules, the effect of high-activity vegetation capsule materials on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was evaluated, the improvement ratio of each nutrient component was calculated, and the improvement effect of vegetation capsule materials on soil fertility was quantified. The evaluation formula for the changes in soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is as follows: .

10. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of a high-activity plant capsule material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps of using image recognition and analysis technology to measure plant coverage and quantitatively evaluate the effects of plant capsules on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration are as follows: During the growth of plants, the plant coverage was monitored using a camera, and then the images obtained by the camera were input into ImageJ software for image analysis; The photos taken were analyzed by ImageJ software, the contrast between the plant coverage area and the background was extracted, the plant coverage was calculated, and the effect of the plant capsule on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration was quantitatively evaluated. The expression is: , where the number of pixels in the plant area is the number of pixels in the area covered by plants in the image, and the number of pixels in the total area is the number of pixels in all areas of the image.

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