Method for forcing cut babysbreath after harvesting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fresh cut flower cultivation and preservation, and discloses a babysbreath cut flower postharvest flower forcing method. The method comprises the following steps: 1) early-stage preparation; (2) flower material harvesting; (3) preparing a flower forcing solution; (4) flower material treatment; 5) flower forcing treatment; 6) flower forcing maintenance; and 7) flower forcing post-treatment. By means of the method, the babysbreath cut flowers which do not meet the market harvesting requirement can be harvested in advance, and then through in-vitro flower forcing culture, the openness of the babysbreath cut flowers can reach 80% within a very short time. The babysbreath cut flower subjected to flower forcing is larger, higher in white brightness and longer in bottle insertion period, and the flower color and the flower size better meet the market requirements. In addition, by means of the flower forcing technology, mechanical damage to flowers and branches can be reduced, working efficiency can be improved, the amount of labor used in the harvesting link can be reduced, planters can control the shipment amount more flexibly, stubbles and yield per unit area can be improved, the method adapts to market changes, and the method has good development prospects in production, popularization and application of babysbreath cut flowers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fresh cut flower cultivation and preservation, and in particular to a method for promoting flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting. Background Art

[0002] Gypsophilapaniculata L., formerly known as cone stone flower, also known as cone flower filament dianthus, cone flower filament dianthus, silk dianthus, June snow, and rosa-sinensis, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Gypsophila in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is also the only species of the genus Gypsophila used as a cut flower. Gypsophila has small and few leaves, many and slender branches, large and fluffy flowers, small and pure white flowers, and excellent inflorescence group effect, like dots of stars, with a strong three-dimensional sense, which can add a hazy beauty to the bouquet. It has become one of the most used flower materials in the world, and is also one of the top ten best-selling cut flowers in the world. It is widely used in various bouquets and flower art works.

[0003] Gypsophila is widely cultivated. In addition to the main producing countries of the Netherlands and Israel, the production in countries such as Colombia, Ecuador, China and Peru is also increasing. my country began to introduce double-petaled gypsophila as a fresh cut flower variety for cultivation in the 1990s. After more than 30 years of development, gypsophila has become one of the main cultivated fresh cut flower varieties in Yunnan. At present, the planting area of ​​gypsophila in Yunnan Province is about 12,000 mu, and its planting area and output account for more than 90% of the national total. It has become the main product of Yunnan's flower industry and occupies an important position in Yunnan's plateau characteristic flower industry.

[0004] However, Yunnan is the largest baby's breath cut flower planting base in Southeast Asia, but its facilities and equipment are simple, mainly small and medium-sized arch sheds, and it does not have the heating and cooling conditions of large-scale greenhouses. In addition, the climate in Yunnan has changed a lot in recent years, resulting in various situations of flowers that open naturally in the field. For example, the high temperature in summer will cause a high degree of dry flowers and hollowness, while the low temperature in winter will cause the baby's breath to open from 3% to 70%, which requires more than a month. Although Yunnan has a large number of cut flowers as a whole, the output per unit area, the frequency of shipments and the low quality are development bottlenecks. In addition, the inflorescence of baby's breath is a cone-shaped corymbose inflorescence with many branches, small and numerous flowers, and the small flowers in each inflorescence open first at the top and then gradually extend downward. At the same time, due to differences in maturity, light, branch levels and main and side buds, the flowers will not open at the same time. The main flowers that are sunny, close to the upper layer and rich in nutrients will open first, and the thin middle and lower flowers will open later. What the market often needs are pure white baby's breath flowers with a full degree of openness of about 80%. Therefore, harvesting in the field requires waiting for the flowers in the lower layer to open, and the flowers in the upper layer that opened earliest will wither, shrivel and brown to become dry flowers, which will eventually affect the quality of the entire cut flower.

[0005] In addition, high-end baby's breath at the domestic market demand end can only rely on imports. In most foreign baby's breath farms, baby's breath with about 10% openness is harvested in advance and the flowers are forced to bloom artificially. It can be said that one of the most important parts of the entire cut baby's breath production is the post-harvest processing link. At present, the production technology of post-harvest flower forcing of baby's breath cut flowers in my country is still in the exploratory stage, with low technical standardization, low production efficiency and crop number, unstable product quality, and short vase life. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a method for post-harvest flower forcing of baby's breath cut flowers with high standardization, high production efficiency and stable quality. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background technology, the inventors studied and explored the current situation of post-harvest flower induction of baby's breath cut flowers, learned foreign flower induction technology of baby's breath, combined with the actual domestic situation, and gradually explored a flower induction technology of baby's breath suitable for the local area. The baby's breath is harvested when the degree of openness is 3-35%. The flower induction reduces the growth time of baby's breath in the greenhouse, improves the production efficiency of baby's breath, has high degree of openness, high uniformity, bright flower heads, long vase time, and controllable sales time.

[0007] The technical principle of post-harvest flowering induction of cut flowers is to utilize the technical principle of in vitro culture of cut flowers after harvest. After the cut flowers are picked, they are still alive and need water, energy and substances to maintain basal metabolism. The normal physiological metabolism of the cut flowers is maintained by providing appropriate water, sugars, mineral nutrients, etc., ensuring cell turgor pressure, and inhibiting the aging process of the cut flowers and regulating the opening of the cut flowers by adding plant growth regulators and antioxidants. In addition, measures such as fungicides, pH regulators, and a relatively clean environment are used to reduce the infection of microorganisms on the surface and wounds of cut flowers, thereby providing appropriate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light, thereby regulating the opening of the cut flowers during in vitro culture.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for accelerating the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0010] 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded place for inducing flowering and spray disinfectant on the environment, as well as thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used;

[0011] 2) Harvesting flowers: Select healthy and pest-free baby's breath plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 3% to 35% open, harvest in the early morning or evening. Use sharp scissors to cut the stems evenly. After cutting, put the branches into a container filled with clean water or pre-treatment liquid as soon as possible.

[0012] 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 2% to 10% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component, that is, the basic components of 1L of flower-inducing liquid are 20 to 100g sugar, 100 to 600mg fungicides, 50 to 400mg mineral nutrients, 50 to 100mg antioxidants, 100 to 600μmol ethylene inhibitors, 5 to 150mg plant growth regulators, 100 to 900mg surfactants, 50 to 300mg pH regulators, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value can be 3 to 5;

[0013] 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled, and the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, leaving the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top, and trimmed neatly according to the length and thickness of the flower stems, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly;

[0014] 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower branches, and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, with a depth of 5 to 20 cm. The temperature in the flower induction room should be maintained at 15 to 30°C, the relative humidity at 60% to 85%, and the light intensity at 1000 to 3000 lux. Avoid direct sunlight and poor ventilation. The flower induction time is 3 to 10 days. Make sure there is about 3L of flower induction liquid in the flower induction container to ensure that the entire flower induction process will not be dehydrated;

[0015] 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replenish or replace the flower-inducing liquid every 3 to 5 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean, remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations;

[0016] 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that may cause root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of the domestic and foreign markets and put them into the cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 2 and 5°C and the relative humidity is 80 to 95%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 12 to 72 hours before shipment. Finally, they should be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0017] Preferably, in the step 1), the flower-inducing site has no absolute form, and the size of the space depends on the amount of flower induction, and there are open and closed spaces, depending on whether the local climate meets the environmental conditions required for flower induction, with a temperature range of 15-25°C, an air relative humidity of 60%-85%, and a light intensity of 1000-3000 lux. Before use, spray and disinfect the site with 600-1000 times of 50% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, including the ground, walls, and shelves for placing flowers, etc., to reduce the base number of pathogens and provide a healthy environment for the induction of flower induction of baby's breath cut flowers.

[0018] The beneficial effect is that the quality of the flower-inducing site directly affects the effect of flower-inducing, including the quality, degree of opening and overall yield of the flowers. Reasonable control of the environmental conditions of the flower-inducing site, such as light, temperature and humidity, as well as ensuring that the environment is healthy and free of bacteria, and the flower-inducing cycle of baby's breath cut flowers is as long as 3 to 10 days, so disinfection is very necessary. These measures can improve the quality and yield of baby's breath cut flowers, thereby meeting market demand.

[0019] Preferably, in the step 1), the cleaning and disinfection of the sprayer, bucket and tools need to be cleaned with detergent before use, then rinsed with clean water 3 to 5 times, and sprayed with a composite quaternary ammonium salt or chloramine at a concentration of 400 to 1600 mg / L to ensure that there are no residual impurities and germs to prevent them from causing pollution and damage to the baby's breath cut flowers.

[0020] The beneficial effect is that a large amount of sugar is used in the process of forcing the baby's breath to bloom, and the sugar and branches and leaves will breed a large number of bacteria and impurities on the inner wall of the barrel. Thorough cleaning and disinfection can ensure that there are no residual impurities and germs, reduce the growth of germs, and prevent contamination of baby's breath cut flowers.

[0021] Preferably, in the step 2), the judgment of the degree of flower opening of 3% to 35% is based on the proportion of fully opened flowers to the total number of single flowers, which is generally the state of small flowers just opening. Flowers have not yet fully opened, and only white seeds are exposed, which cannot be counted as open flowers.

[0022] The beneficial effect is that the correct harvesting opening degree is crucial to the flower-inducing effect. Selecting flower branches with an opening degree of about 3% to 35% for harvesting helps reduce the rate of dead flowers, while speeding up the harvesting rate and improving work efficiency. However, flowers that open earlier with an opening degree higher than 35% will still have a higher rate of dead flowers.

[0023] Preferably, the step 2) is performed in the early morning or evening, when the temperature is relatively low and the water content of the flowers is high, which can effectively reduce water loss and damage after harvest and is beneficial to the preservation of cut flowers.

[0024] The beneficial effects are: harvesting in the early morning or evening, and avoiding harvesting during high temperature periods when the physiological activities of the plants are vigorous and they are prone to water loss, heat and deterioration after harvesting.

[0025] Preferably, in the step 2), the length of the flower stem should be kept consistent as much as possible during the cutting, the branch length is about 70 to 120 cm, the flower stem is cut about 10 to 20 cm from the ground, the cut should be smooth, and avoid damaging other branches and leaves. After cutting, the flower branch should be placed in a container filled with clean water or pretreatment liquid as soon as possible.

[0026] Its beneficial effects are: the length of the flower stems is consistent when cutting, which facilitates subsequent operations and sales display; the cuts should be smooth to reduce the loss of water and nutrients, and at the same time reduce the chance of bacterial infection; after cutting, they should be placed in clean water or pre-treatment liquid as soon as possible, which is conducive to the flowers absorbing the required water and nutrients, reducing wilting and withering caused by the environment, and promoting the healthy growth of flowers.

[0027] Preferably, in the step 2), the basic components of 1L of the pretreatment solution are 40-60g sucrose, 200-400mg 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 200-400μmol silver thiosulfate (STS), 300-500mg Tween 20, 100-150mg citric acid, and the rest is water.

[0028] The beneficial effects are: the pretreatment liquid provides sugar and water, which can maintain the normal physiological activities of cut flowers and prevent the withering of cut flowers due to excessive water loss and insufficient energy. At the same time, fungicides and ethylene inhibitors are added to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and the production of ethylene, thereby extending the shelf life of baby's breath cut flowers.

[0029] Preferably, in the step 3), the basic components of 1L of the flower-inducing liquid are 20-100g of sugar, 100-600mg of fungicide, 50-400mg of mineral nutrients, 50-100mg of antioxidant, 100-600μmol of ethylene inhibitor, 5-150mg of plant growth regulator, 100-900mg of surfactant, 50-300mg of pH regulator, and the rest is water.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, the sugar is one or more of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, wherein the added amount is 20 to 100 g per 1 L of water.

[0031] The role of sugars is that after the cut flowers leave the mother plant, their physiological activities continue. Respiration and other processes require energy to maintain. Sugars can serve as respiratory substrates to ensure energy supply, thereby maintaining cell vitality. At the same time, sugars can also regulate the osmotic pressure inside the cut flowers. Appropriate osmotic pressure helps maintain the water balance of the cut flowers, avoids withering due to excessive water loss, and keeps the flowers in good appearance.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, the fungicide is one or more of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC), 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), thiabendazole (TBZ), and quaternary ammonium compounds, wherein the addition amount is 100 to 600 mg per 1 L of water.

[0033] The role of fungicides is that there are many microorganisms on the surface of cut flowers, such as bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms can easily invade the flower tissue through wounds and other parts during the post-harvest processing of cut flowers. Fungicides can inhibit or kill these microorganisms, reduce the probability of disease occurrence, and thus help maintain the normal physiological functions of flowers and keep flowers healthy.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, the mineral nutrients are one or more of calcium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate, wherein the added amount is 50 to 400 mg per liter of water.

[0035] The role of mineral nutrients is that potassium (K) can promote water absorption and transportation in the plant body, so that the baby's breath cut flowers can better absorb water from the surrounding environment and maintain the freshness of the cut flowers. Secondly, calcium (Ca) can enhance the stability of the cell wall, make the cell structure more complete, and reduce mechanical damage to the flowers. In addition, some trace elements such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), etc. are components or activators of many enzymes. These enzymes are involved in the physiological processes of plants such as respiration and photosynthesis, which can ensure that the cut flowers still have a certain physiological activity after being harvested and maintain the normal metabolism of the flowers.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the antioxidant is one or more of ascorbic acid, malic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, gallic acid, and tea polyphenols, wherein the added amount is 50-100 mg per 1 L of water.

[0037] The role of antioxidants is that after being harvested, baby's breath cut flowers will produce a large amount of active oxygen species (such as superoxide anion free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals, etc.), which will cause the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane and destroy the integrity of the cell membrane. Antioxidants can remove these harmful active oxygen species and inhibit membrane lipid peroxidation, thereby extending the shelf life of cut flowers.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the ethylene inhibitor is one or more of silver nitrate, silver thiosulfate (STS), silver acetate, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), methylaminovinylglycine (MVG), and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), wherein the addition amount is 100 to 600 μmol based on 1L of water.

[0039] The role of ethylene inhibitors is that ethylene is a plant hormone that accelerates the aging and withering of flowers. In particular, the production of endogenous ethylene in the post-harvest process of cut flowers will have an adverse effect on the viewing period of baby's breath. Ethylene inhibitors can reduce the sensitivity of cut flowers to ethylene, or inhibit the production of ethylene, thereby slowing down the aging of flowers and extending their viewing period. Usually, silver thiosulfate (STS) is used as an ethylene inhibitor. STS can be quickly absorbed and exert its effect in the flower body, blocking the physiological effects of ethylene, thereby promoting the opening of flowers and maintaining their bright colors.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the plant growth regulator is mainly composed of gibberellins, and supplemented by cytokinins, auxins, and chlormequat, wherein the addition amount is 5 to 150 mg per 1L of water.

[0041] The role of plant growth regulators is that, first of all, gibberellins can stimulate the elongation of flower stems, speed up the opening of flowers, increase the size and thickness of petals, make flowers fuller, and at the same time, they can also enhance the hardness of flower branches to a certain extent, make the overall shape of flowers better, and enhance the ornamental value; secondly, cytokinins can promote cell division and differentiation, and can also inhibit the degradation of protein and chlorophyll in baby's breath cut flowers, stimulate the growth of flowers, keep the flowers in good color and shape, help them to open fuller and brighter, thereby delaying the aging of petals and leaves; then auxins can stimulate the development of baby's breath flowers, induce flowers in the bud state to open, ensure that flowers open more neatly, and indirectly inhibit the production of ethylene; finally, dwarfing hormone can inhibit the elongation of cells of baby's breath plants, shorten the internodes of plants, make the plant more compact, and at the same time enhance the stem strength of baby's breath cut flowers and reduce lodging caused by the weight of flowers.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the surfactant is one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sorbitan fatty acid esters, fatty acid glycerides, polysorbate, and fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters, wherein the added amount is 100 to 900 mg per liter of water.

[0043] The role of surfactants is to reduce the surface tension of the solution, so that the treatment solution can be better spread and wetted on the surface of the baby's breath cut flowers, which helps the cut flowers absorb water more effectively, thereby maintaining the turgor pressure of the cells, reducing wilting caused by water loss, and extending the shelf life of the cut flowers. In addition, surfactants can also allow fungicides, nutrient solutions and other drugs to better adhere to the surface of the cut flowers, so that the drugs can be more evenly distributed and work more effectively.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the pH adjuster is one or more of citric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, and glycolic acid, wherein the added amount is 50 to 300 mg per liter of water.

[0045] The role of pH regulators is to properly adjust the pH to inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms. Many bacteria and fungi can only grow well in a specific pH environment. By changing the pH value of the solution with pH regulators, an environment that is not conducive to the growth of harmful microorganisms can be created, reducing the risk of cut flowers being infected by pathogens, thereby extending the shelf life of baby's breath cut flowers.

[0046] Preferably, in step 4), the precooling treatment is to place the harvested baby's breath cut flowers in a cold storage for precooling, the temperature is set at about 4°C to 8°C, and the precooling time is 1 to 3 hours. During the precooling process, it is necessary to keep the air circulation in the storage to avoid local temperature unevenness caused by the accumulation of cut flowers.

[0047] Its beneficial effects are: pre-cooling can reduce the respiration and metabolic rate of cut flowers, reduce nutrient consumption, remove field heat, reduce the incidence of diseases and pests, create good physiological and environmental conditions for the subsequent flowering process, and improve the success rate of flowering and the quality of cut flowers.

[0048] Preferably, in the step 4), the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, and the leaves are removed based on the standard of being 10 to 20 cm higher than the flower-inducing liquid, as well as some yellowing leaves caused by malnutrition. The side branches mainly remove overcrowded, dead branches, diseased branches and tender branches without flower buds.

[0049] Its beneficial effects are: improving ventilation and light conditions so that light can fully shine on all parts of the plant, while also reducing nutrient consumption, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and flowering, and can also reduce mold caused by too long a time for inducing flowering.

[0050] Preferably, in the step 4), the inflorescences are upward and arranged uniformly, and when arranging the flowers, the stems of the baby's breath cut flowers are carefully straightened so that the inflorescences face naturally upward and are kept in a flat space as much as possible.

[0051] The beneficial effects are: the inflorescence is upward and uniformly arranged, which is conducive to the smooth transportation of nutrients and water from the flower stems to various parts of the inflorescence. It is also beneficial to the subsequent regulation, maintenance, packaging and other operations of the flowering environment. If the inflorescence is messy, some flowers may not be able to effectively absorb nutrients, and the degree of opening of the baby's breath cut flowers cannot be judged.

[0052] Preferably, in step 5), the temperature of the flower inducing room is maintained at 15-25°C, the relative humidity is 60%-85%, the light intensity is controlled at 1000-3000 lux, and the lighting time is about 12-16 hours per day. The temperature can be adjusted by air conditioners, heaters, constant temperature warehouses and other equipment to avoid excessively high or low temperatures; the humidity can be increased by using a humidifier, placing a water container around or spraying water regularly, or by using ventilation equipment or dehumidifiers to reduce the humidity; the light intensity and time can be adjusted by using sunshade nets, fill lights and other facilities.

[0053] Its beneficial effect is: the environmental regulation of the flower induction room is crucial to the effect of flower induction. First, the optimum temperature for induction of flower after harvesting baby's breath cut flowers is between 15 and 25 ° C. Within this temperature range, the physiological activities of the plants are vigorous, which is conducive to the germination and development of flower buds. Too high or too low temperature will affect the germination of flower buds. For example, when the temperature is higher than 30 ° C, the growth rate of baby's breath will accelerate, the flower stems will be thin and weak, the respiration of the flowers will be accelerated, resulting in accelerated aging of the flowers and soft branches. When the temperature is lower than 10 ° C, the plant grows slowly, the flowers open slowly, and the induction effect is affected. In addition, the appropriate temperature difference between day and night is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in baby's breath and promotes the germination of flower buds. Generally, it is more appropriate to keep the temperature difference between day and night at 8 ° C to 10 ° C. Secondly, during the period of induction of flower after harvesting baby's breath cut flowers, the relative humidity is between 60% and 85%. If the environment is too dry and the humidity is too low, the flowers and leaves are prone to dehydration and withering, while too high humidity may cause bacteria to breed and mildew, endangering the health of flowers. Finally, baby's breath is a long-day plant. After the cut flowers are harvested, appropriate light must be provided to promote flowering. The light intensity should be controlled at 1000-3000 lux, and the daily lighting time should be about 12-16 hours to maintain the normal physiological activities of the flowers, provide energy support for flowering, and promote flower bud differentiation and flower opening. Too strong or too weak light will affect its growth and flower bud differentiation.

[0054] Preferably, in the step 5), the 3 to 10 days is not a fixed flowering induction time. The entire flowering induction time and the regulation of flowering induction facilities also vary greatly with the seasons. The baby's breath in the container can only be taken out when it meets the market demand.

[0055] Preferably, in the step 6), the flower-inducing maintenance is to observe the opening of the baby's breath cut flowers regularly every day, judge whether the flower-inducing effect reaches the expected effect, remove the withered flowers, diseased branches and yellowed leaves in time, and check whether there are diseases and insect pests. If diseases and insect pests such as gray mold and aphids are found, biological control methods or low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides should be used in time for prevention and control, such as spraying with fungicides and insecticides, and strictly control the concentration of the drug and the safe interval according to the instructions for use of the pesticides. In addition, check whether the environmental parameters of the flower-inducing room meet the conditions for the flower-inducing of baby's breath cut flowers, check whether the flower-inducing liquid is sufficient and clear, and if it is found that the flower-inducing liquid is insufficient, it should be replenished in time, and turbidity should be replaced in time. The flower-inducing liquid is replenished or replaced every 3 to 5 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean. When replacing the flower-inducing liquid, the base of the flower stem should be re-cut by 1 to 2 cm to remove the part that may be contaminated or blocked by microorganisms, which is conducive to better absorption of the flower-inducing liquid.

[0056] Preferably, in step 7), the basic components of 1L of the preservative solution are 20-50g sucrose, 50-300mg 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 20-50mg ascorbic acid, 100-300μmol aluminum sulfate, 200-400mg Tween 20, 100-200mg citric acid, and the rest is water.

[0057] The beneficial effect is that the base of the baby's breath cut flower stems fully absorbs the preservative liquid, thereby providing sufficient nutrition and moisture for the flowers and extending the shelf life. At the same time, the flower stems fully absorb the nutrients and fungicides in the preservative liquid, providing energy for the flowers and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

[0058] Preferably, in step 7), the grading standard of the baby's breath cut flowers is based on the length, thickness, uniformity of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are withered flowers. For example, the flower stems with a length of 80 to 90 cm, full flowers and moderate openness are classified as level one; the flower stems with a length of 70 to 80 cm, slightly smaller flowers or slightly lower openness are classified as level two; and so on. Cut flowers of different grades can be processed separately to meet different market demands.

[0059] The beneficial effect is that grading helps to carry out differentiated treatment of cut flowers of different qualities in the future, thereby improving the overall flowering effect and economic benefits.

[0060] Preferably, in step 7), the packaging is to package the baby's breath cut flowers according to a certain quantity and specification, and each bunch of flowers should be kept loose to avoid squeezing. Plastic film or paper packaging materials can be used to place the flower branches in layers, and each layer is separated by soft materials to prevent the flower branches from rubbing and squeezing each other. After packaging, information such as variety, quantity, harvest date and processing status should be indicated on the packaging box.

[0061] The beneficial effect is: when packaging the cut baby's breath, use moisturizing packaging materials, such as plastic film or moisturizing paper with air permeable holes, to reduce water loss, maintain the freshness of the flowers, and create good moisture conditions for preserving the cut baby's breath.

[0062] Preferably, in the step 7), the precooling treatment is to place the packaged baby's breath cut flowers in a cold storage for precooling, the temperature is set at about 2°C to 5°C, the relative humidity is 80-95%, and the precooling time is 12-72 hours. The state of the flowers should be checked regularly during the cold storage process, and damaged or deteriorated bouquets should be picked out in time. Under cold storage conditions, baby's breath cut flowers can be stored for 1-3 weeks.

[0063] The beneficial effects are: pre-cooling the baby's breath cut flowers, the lower temperature can reduce the intensity of respiration, which is beneficial to the preservation of cut flowers, while the low temperature environment is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, reducing the risk of microorganisms causing disease infection to the baby's breath cut flowers.

[0064] Preferably, in step 7), the transportation adopts low-temperature refrigerated transportation to ensure that the temperature during transportation is always maintained at 2-5°C and the relative humidity is 80%-95%. The transportation vehicle should have good shock absorption performance to avoid damage to the flower branches due to bumps. If the transportation time is long, an appropriate amount of ice packs or moisturizing cotton balls can be placed in the package to replenish water and maintain humidity to ensure that the baby's breath cut flowers can still maintain good quality when they arrive at the destination.

[0065] Its beneficial effects are: low-temperature refrigerated transportation slows down the metabolism of baby's breath cut flowers, reduces nutrient consumption, and inhibits the activity of microorganisms, thereby keeping the baby's breath cut flowers fresher for longer during transportation.

[0066] Preferably, the water is one or more of distilled water, deionized water, purified water, tap water, well water, and mineral water.

[0067] Further preferably, the water is one or more of distilled water, deionized water, and purified water.

[0068] The beneficial effects are: the post-harvest flowering of baby's breath cut flowers is an in vitro culture process. Compared with ordinary water, distilled water, deionized water and purified water can avoid damage to baby's breath cut flowers caused by impurities and microorganisms in the water. In addition, during the flowering stage, the supply of various reagents needs to be accurately controlled to avoid interference from the original components in the water.

[0069] The method for inducing flowering of cut baby's breath after harvest provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0070] (1) The present invention provides for the first time a complete process scheme for promoting the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting, which has a very outstanding effect;

[0071] ⑵ It takes more than a month for the baby's breath to open from 3% to 80% in the field, but the flower-inducing technology can significantly reduce the opening time of baby's breath, making the harvesting process faster, thereby reducing manpower requirements and reducing mechanical damage;

[0072] ⑶Compared with the baby's breath that blooms in the field, the flower-forcing technology can achieve higher yield per unit area in the low temperature season by reducing the blooming cycle, and can even achieve three crops a year;

[0073] ⑷ Compared with the environmental complexity of field planting, flower induction can maintain specific temperature and humidity, as well as appropriate light conditions, to avoid high flower withering rate and low yield rate caused by summer or high temperature season;

[0074] ⑸ Baby's breath is an ethylene-sensitive flower. Flower-inducing technology can effectively prevent the flowers from falling off due to the action of ethylene and extend the vase period.

[0075] ⑹ The flowers of baby's breath treated by flower induction are whiter and brighter and larger, which can maintain better water absorption and freshness during the vase period, thereby extending the service life and improving consumers' purchasing experience;

[0076] ⑺Growers can adjust the shipment quantity by artificially forcing flowers to bloom, artificially control the degree of flower opening, and better adapt to the market rhythm. In areas with changeable climates, such as Yunnan Province in China, flower forcing technology can help growers reduce production risks caused by natural climate conditions.

[0077] ⑻The method of the present invention clarifies the method process, has strong operability, can realize the large-scale production of baby's breath cut flowers, and has broad development prospects in the production, promotion and application of fresh cut flowers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0079] The invention discloses a method for promoting flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvest, comprising the following steps:

[0080] 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded place for inducing flowering and spray disinfectant on the environment, as well as thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used;

[0081] 2) Harvesting flowers: Select healthy and pest-free baby's breath plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 3% to 35% open, harvest in the early morning or evening. Use sharp scissors to cut the stems evenly. After cutting, put the branches into a container filled with clean water or pre-treatment liquid as soon as possible.

[0082] 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 2% to 10% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component, that is, the basic components of 1L of flower-inducing liquid are 20 to 100g sugar, 100 to 600mg fungicides, 50 to 400mg mineral nutrients, 50 to 100mg antioxidants, 100 to 600μmol ethylene inhibitors, 5 to 150mg plant growth regulators, 100 to 900mg surfactants, 50 to 300mg pH regulators, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value can be 3 to 5;

[0083] 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled, and the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, leaving the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top, and trimmed neatly according to the length and thickness of the flower stems, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly;

[0084] 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower branches, and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, with a depth of 5 to 20 cm. The temperature in the flower induction room should be maintained at 15 to 30°C, the relative humidity at 60% to 85%, and the light intensity at 1000 to 3000 lux. Avoid direct sunlight and poor ventilation. The flower induction time is 3 to 10 days. Make sure there is about 3L of flower induction liquid in the flower induction container to ensure that the entire flower induction process will not be dehydrated;

[0085] 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replenish or replace the flower-inducing liquid every 3 to 5 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean, remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations;

[0086] 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that may cause root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of the domestic and foreign markets and put them into the cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 2 and 5°C and the relative humidity is 80 to 95%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 12 to 72 hours before shipment. Finally, they should be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0087] The post-harvest flowering induction method of the baby's breath cut flowers of the present invention harvests the flowers when the degree of opening is 3-35%. The growth time of the baby's breath in a greenhouse is reduced by inducing flowering, and the production efficiency of the baby's breath is high, the degree of opening is high, the uniformity is high, the flower heads are bright, the vase insertion time is long, and the sales time is controllable.

[0088] Example 1

[0089] A method for accelerating the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0090] 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded greenhouse (temperature range is 18-23℃, relative humidity is 70%-85%, and light intensity is 2550-2950 lux) and spray disinfect the site environment including the ground, walls and shelves for flowers, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used (disinfection concentration is 1000mg / L of chloramine);

[0091] 2) Harvesting of flowers: Select healthy and pest-free Gypsophila paniculata plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 20% to 30% open, harvest in the early morning. Cut the stems evenly with sharp scissors. The length of the branches is about 80 to 100 cm. After cutting, put the branches into a container filled with clean water or pretreatment solution (the basic components of 1L of pretreatment solution are 40g sucrose, 250mg 8-HQC, 200μmol STS, 400mg Tween 20, 100mg citric acid, and the rest is water, with a pH value of 3 to 5) as soon as possible;

[0092] 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 3% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component. That is, the basic components of 1L of flower-inducing liquid are 30g glucose, 200mg 8-HQC, 200mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate, 50mg ascorbic acid, 300μmol STS, 50mg GA3, 400mg Tween 20, 100mgpH citric acid, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value can be 3.5-4;

[0093] 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled (temperature 5°C, time 2 hours), the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, and the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top are retained. The flower stems are trimmed neatly according to their length and thickness, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly;

[0094] 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower branches, and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, preferably at a depth of 10 cm. The temperature of the flower induction room is maintained at 15-25°C, the relative humidity is 60%-85%, the light intensity is controlled at 2550-2950 lux, and the light time is about 13 hours per day. The temperature is adjusted by a heater, the humidity is adjusted by using ventilation equipment or regular water spraying, and the light intensity and time can be adjusted by using a sunshade net facility. The flower induction time is 5-6 days to reach an opening degree of 80%;

[0095] 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replace the flower-inducing liquid every 3 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean. Remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations;

[0096] 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid (the basic ingredients of 1L of preservative liquid are 40g glucose, 200mg 8-HQC, 30mg ascorbic acid, 200μmol aluminum sulfate, 200mg Tween 20, 100mg citric acid, and the rest is water, pH value 3-5) to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that causes root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of domestic and foreign markets and put them into cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 4 and 5℃ and the relative humidity is 85-90%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 24 hours before shipment. Finally, they should also be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] A method for accelerating the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0099] 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded greenhouse (temperature range is 20-25℃, relative humidity is 75%-80%, and light intensity is 2800-3000 lux) and spray disinfect the environment including the floor, walls and shelves for flowers, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used (disinfection concentration is 800mg / L of composite quaternary ammonium salt);

[0100] 2) Harvesting of flowers: Select healthy and pest-free Gypsophila paniculata plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 10% to 20% open, harvest in the early morning. Cut the stems evenly with sharp scissors. The length of the branches is about 85 to 110 cm. After cutting, put the branches into a container filled with clean water or pretreatment solution (the basic ingredients of 1L of pretreatment solution are 50g sucrose, 300mg 8-HQC, 300μmol STS, 300mg Tween 20, 120mg citric acid, and the rest is water, with a pH value of 3 to 5) as soon as possible;

[0101] 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 5% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component, that is, the basic components of 1L of flower-inducing liquid are 50g sucrose, 400mg 8-HQS, 200mg potassium sulfate + 100mg zinc sulfate, 50mg gallic acid + 50mg ascorbic acid, 300μmol STS + 50μmol 1-MCP, 50mg GA3 + 30mg 6-BA, 500mg sorbitan fatty acid ester, 50mg pH acetic acid, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value is 4-5;

[0102] 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled (temperature 5°C, time 3 hours), the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, and the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top are retained. The flower stems are trimmed neatly according to their length and thickness, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly;

[0103] 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower branches, and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, preferably at a depth of 8 cm. The temperature of the flower induction room is maintained at 20-25°C, the relative humidity is 75%-80%, the light intensity is controlled at 2800-3000 lux, and the light time is about 14 hours a day. The temperature is adjusted by air conditioning equipment, the humidity is adjusted by using a humidifier or ventilation equipment, and the light intensity and time can be adjusted by using a sunshade net and a supplementary light facility. The flower induction time is 5-6 days to reach an opening degree of 80%;

[0104] 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replace the flower-inducing liquid every 3 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean. Remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations;

[0105] 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid (the basic ingredients of 1L of preservative liquid are 50g sucrose, 200mg 8-HQC, 40mg ascorbic acid, 100μmol aluminum sulfate, 300mg Tween 20, 100mg citric acid, and the rest is water, pH value 3-5) to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that leads to root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of domestic and foreign markets and put them into cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 3 and 4°C and the relative humidity is 80-85%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 48 hours before shipment. Finally, they should also be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] A method for accelerating the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0108] 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded prefabricated house (temperature range is 20-25℃, relative humidity is 75%-85%, and light intensity is 2800-3000 lux) and spray disinfectant on the environment including the floor, walls and flower racks, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used (disinfection concentration is 1500mg / L of chloramine);

[0109] 2) Harvesting of flowers: Select healthy and pest-free baby's breath plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 3% to 10% open, harvest in the early morning. Cut the stems evenly with sharp scissors. The length of the branches is about 90 to 100 cm. After cutting, put the branches into a container filled with clean water or pretreatment solution (the basic ingredients of 1L of pretreatment solution are 60g sucrose, 350mg 8-HQC, 280μmol STS, 400mg Tween 20, 100mg citric acid, and the rest is water, with a pH value of 3 to 5) as soon as possible;

[0110] 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 6% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component, that is, the basic components of 1L flower-inducing liquid are 40g glucose + 40g fructose, 500mg TBZ, 100mg calcium nitrate + 150mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 60mg benzenesulfonic acid + 30mg ascorbic acid, 300μmol STS + 50μmol AOA, 50mg GA3 + 50mg IAA, 500mg fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, 60mg pH phosphoric acid, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value is 3.5-4;

[0111] 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled (temperature 7°C, time 3 hours), the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, and the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top are retained. The flower stems are trimmed neatly according to their length and thickness, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly;

[0112] 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower branches, and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, the depth is preferably 12 cm, and the temperature of the flower induction room is maintained at 20-25°C, the relative humidity is 75%-85%, the light intensity is controlled at 2800-3000 lux, and the light time is about 16 hours a day. The temperature is adjusted by air conditioning and constant temperature storage equipment, the humidity is adjusted by using humidifiers and dehumidifiers, and the light intensity and time can be adjusted by supplementary light facilities. The flower induction time is 7-8 days to reach 80% of the opening degree;

[0113] 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replenish the flower-inducing liquid every 4 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean. Remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations;

[0114] 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid (the basic ingredients of 1L of preservative liquid are 30g sucrose, 300mg 8-HQC, 40mg ascorbic acid, 200μmol aluminum sulfate, 300mg Tween 20, 150mg citric acid, and the rest is water, pH value 3-5) to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that leads to root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of domestic and foreign markets, and put them into cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 4 and 5℃ and the relative humidity is 85-95%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 72 hours before shipment. Finally, they should also be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0115] Example 4

[0116] A method for accelerating the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0117] 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded greenhouse (temperature range is 15-20℃, relative humidity is 65%-70%, and light intensity is 2550-2750 lux) and spray disinfect the environment including the floor, walls and shelves for flowers, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used (disinfection concentration is 1200mg / L of composite quaternary ammonium salt);

[0118] 2) Harvesting of flowers: Select healthy and pest-free baby's breath plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 10% to 20% open, harvest in the evening. Cut them evenly at the base of the stems with sharp scissors. The length of the branches is about 80 to 100 cm. After cutting, put the flower branches into a container filled with clean water or pretreatment solution (the basic ingredients of 1L of pretreatment solution are 50g sucrose, 400mg 8-HQC, 200μmol STS, 400mg Tween 20, 100mg citric acid, and the rest is water, with a pH value of 3 to 5) as soon as possible;

[0119] 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 6% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component, that is, the basic components of 1L flower-inducing liquid are 40g glucose + 20g sucrose, 200mg8-HQC + 200mg 8-HQS, 200mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100mg zinc sulfate + 50mg manganese sulfate, 50mg succinic acid + 50mg ascorbic acid, 300μmol STS + 50μmolAVG, 50mg GA3 + 30mg 6-BA + 20mg paclobutrazol, 500mg Tween 20, 50mgpH citric acid, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value is 4 to 4.5;

[0120] 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled (temperature 4°C, time 2 hours), the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, and the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top are retained. The flower stems are trimmed neatly according to their length and thickness, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly;

[0121] 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath branches and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, the depth of 15 cm is appropriate, and the temperature of the flower induction room is maintained at 15-20°C, the relative humidity is 65%-70%, the light intensity is controlled at 2550-2750 lux, and the light time is about 14 hours a day. The temperature is adjusted by air conditioning equipment, the humidity is adjusted by using humidifier equipment or ventilation equipment, and the light intensity and time can be adjusted by using sunshade nets and supplementary light facilities. The flower induction time is 4-5 days to reach 80% of the opening degree;

[0122] 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replace the flower-inducing liquid every 3 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean. Remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations;

[0123] 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid (the basic ingredients of 1L of preservative liquid are 50g sucrose, 300mg 8-HQC, 50mg ascorbic acid, 100μmol aluminum sulfate, 300mg Tween 20, 100mg citric acid, and the rest is water, pH value 3-5) to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that causes root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of domestic and foreign markets and put them into cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 3 and 4°C and the relative humidity is 85-95%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 24 hours before shipment. Finally, they should also be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0124] Example 5

[0125] A method for accelerating the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0126] 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded prefabricated house (temperature range is 20-25℃, relative humidity is 75%-85%, and light intensity is 2800-3000 lux) and spray disinfect the environment including the floor, walls and flower racks, and thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used (disinfection concentration is 1200mg / L of chloramine);

[0127] 2) Harvesting of flowers: Select healthy and pest-free baby's breath plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 5% to 15% open, harvest in the early morning. Cut the stems evenly with sharp scissors. The length of the branches is about 90 to 100 cm. After cutting, put the flower branches into a container filled with clean water or pretreatment solution (the basic ingredients of 1L of pretreatment solution are 50g sucrose, 250mg 8-HQC, 200μmol STS, 400mg Tween 20, 100mg citric acid, and the rest is water, with a pH value of 3 to 5) as soon as possible;

[0128] 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 4% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component, that is, the basic components of 1L flower-inducing liquid are 20g glucose + 20g sucrose, 500mg8-HQC, 100mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 150mg zinc sulfate + 50mg ferrous sulfate, 50mg malic acid + 50mg ascorbic acid, 300μmol STS + 50μmolAVG, 50mg GA3 + 50mg 6-BA, 500mg Tween 20, 60mgpH citric acid, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value is 4-4.5;

[0129] 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled (temperature 5°C, time 2 hours), the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, and the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top are retained. The flower stems are trimmed neatly according to their length and thickness, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly;

[0130] 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower branches, and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, the depth is preferably 10 cm, and the temperature of the flower induction room is maintained at 20-25°C, the relative humidity is 75%-85%, the light intensity is controlled at 2800-3000 lux, and the light time is about 16 hours a day. The temperature is adjusted by air conditioning and constant temperature storage equipment, the humidity is adjusted by using humidifiers and dehumidifiers, and the light intensity and time can be adjusted by supplementary light facilities. The flower induction time is 5-6 days to reach 80% of the opening degree;

[0131] 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replenish the flower-inducing liquid every 3 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean, remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations;

[0132] 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid (the basic ingredients of 1L of preservative liquid are 50g sucrose, 300mg 8-HQC, 40mg ascorbic acid, 200μmol aluminum sulfate, 300mg Tween 20, 150mg citric acid, and the rest is water, pH value 3-5) to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that leads to root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of domestic and foreign markets, and put them into cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 4 and 5℃ and the relative humidity is 85-95%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 48 hours before shipment. Finally, they should also be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

[0133] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvest, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Preliminary preparation: Select a clean, ventilated and well-shaded place for inducing flowering and spray disinfectant on the environment, as well as thoroughly clean and disinfect the buckets and tools used; 2) Harvesting flowers: Select healthy and pest-free baby's breath plants for harvesting. When the flowers are 3% to 35% open, harvest in the early morning or evening. Use sharp scissors to cut the stems evenly. After cutting, put the branches into a container filled with clean water or pre-treatment liquid as soon as possible. 3) Preparation of flower-inducing liquid: The preparation of flower-inducing liquid needs to be prepared on-the-spot, and the preparation needs precise proportions. Usually, a solution containing 2% to 10% sugar is prepared, and fungicides, mineral nutrients, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, plant growth regulators, surfactants and pH regulators are added according to the proportions of each component, that is, the basic components of 1L of flower-inducing liquid are 20 to 100g sugar, 100 to 600mg fungicides, 50 to 400mg mineral nutrients, 50 to 100mg antioxidants, 100 to 600μmol ethylene inhibitors, 5 to 150mg plant growth regulators, 100 to 900mg surfactants, 50 to 300mg pH regulators, and the rest is water. First, dissolve the sugar in water, stir to dissolve, and then add other ingredients in turn, stir evenly, and the pH value can be 3 to 5; 4) Flower material processing: The harvested baby's breath cut flowers are placed in a cool and ventilated place, thoroughly cleaned and pre-cooled, and the leaves and side branches at the bottom one-third of the flower branches and damaged flowers are removed, leaving the relatively complete and well-developed flowers and appropriate leaves at the top, and trimmed neatly according to the length and thickness of the flower stems, ensuring that the inflorescences are facing upward and arranged uniformly; 5) Flower induction treatment: simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower branches, and immediately put them into the flower induction liquid, with a depth of 5 to 20 cm. The temperature in the flower induction room should be maintained at 15 to 30°C, the relative humidity at 60% to 85%, and the light intensity at 1000 to 3000 lux. Avoid direct sunlight and poor ventilation. The flower induction time is 3 to 10 days. Make sure there is about 3L of flower induction liquid in the flower induction container to ensure that the entire flower induction process will not be dehydrated; 6) Flowering maintenance: Check the baby's breath cut flowers during the flowering process every day, observe the opening of the flowers, whether there are diseases and pests, and whether the environmental conditions are suitable. Replenish or replace the flower-inducing liquid every 3 to 5 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean, remove withered flowers and diseased branches and leaves in time to prevent the spread of pathogens, keep the flowers healthy and beautiful as a whole, and judge whether the flower-inducing effect meets expectations; 7) Post-flowering treatment: After the induction of flowering, rinse the roots with the induction liquid and then put them into the preservative liquid to absorb water to avoid secondary pollution that may cause root rot and blackening. Then weigh the cut flowers according to the needs, and grade them according to the length and thickness of the branches, the neatness of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. Then package them according to the requirements of the domestic and foreign markets and put them into the cold storage. The temperature is maintained between 2 and 5°C and the relative humidity is 80 to 95%. Pre-cooling treatment is carried out for 12 to 72 hours before shipment. Finally, they should be kept in a refrigerated state before transportation and sales.

2. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting according to claim 1, wherein: In the step 1), there is no absolute form of the flower-inducing site. The size of the space depends on the amount of flower-inducing. There are open and closed ones, depending on whether the local climate meets the environmental conditions required for flower-inducing. The temperature range is 15-30°C, the relative humidity of the air is 60%-85%, and the light intensity is 1000-3000 lux. Before use, use 600-1000 times of 50% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to spray and disinfect the site, including the ground, walls, and shelves for placing flowers, etc., to reduce the base number of pathogens and provide a healthy environment for the flower-inducing of baby's breath cut flowers. For the cleaning and disinfection of the sprayer, bucket and tools, clean them with detergent before use, rinse them with clean water 3-5 times, and use a composite quaternary ammonium salt or chloramine with a concentration of 400-1600 mg / L for spray disinfection to ensure that there are no residual impurities and pathogens to prevent them from causing pollution and damage to the baby's breath cut flowers.

3. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the judgment of the degree of flower opening of 3% to 35% is based on the proportion of fully opened flowers to the total number of single flowers. Generally, the flowers are in the initial stage of opening, and the flowers have not yet fully opened. The white flower seeds alone cannot be counted as open flowers. The harvesting is arranged in the early morning or evening, when the temperature is low and the water content of the flowers is high, which can effectively reduce the water loss and damage after harvesting, and is conducive to the preservation of cut flowers. In addition, the length of the flower stem should be kept consistent as much as possible during cutting. The branch length is about 70 to 120 cm, and the flower stem is cut about 10 to 20 cm from the ground. The cut should be smooth and avoid damaging other branches and leaves. After cutting, the flower branches should be placed in a container filled with clean water or pretreatment liquid as soon as possible. The basic components of 1L of the baby's breath cut flower pretreatment solution are 40-60g sucrose, 200-400mg 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 200-400μmol silver thiosulfate (STS), 100-500mg Tween 20, 100-300mg citric acid, and the rest is water.

4. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3), the basic components of 1L of the flower-inducing liquid are 20-100g of sugar, 100-600mg of fungicide, 50-400mg of mineral nutrients, 50-100mg of antioxidant, 100-600μmol of ethylene inhibitor, 5-150mg of plant growth regulator, 100-900mg of surfactant, 50-300mg of pH regulator, and the rest is water. The sugar is one or more of sucrose, glucose and fructose; the fungicide is one or more of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC), 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), thiabendazole (TBZ) and quaternary ammonium compounds; the mineral nutrient is one or more of calcium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate; the antioxidant is one or more of ascorbic acid, malic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, gallic acid and tea polyphenols; the ethylene inhibitor is silver nitrate, silver thiosulfate (STS), silver acetate, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), aminoethyl One or more of oxyvinylglycine (AVG), methylaminovinylglycine (MVG), and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA); a plant growth regulator mainly composed of gibberellins, supplemented by cytokinins, auxins, and chlormequat; a surfactant is one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sorbitan fatty acid esters, fatty acid glycerides, polysorbates, and fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters; a pH adjuster is one or more of citric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, and glycolic acid; and water is one or more of distilled water, deionized water, purified water, tap water, well water, and mineral water.

5. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4), the precooling treatment is to put the harvested baby's breath cut flowers into a cold storage for precooling, the temperature is set at about 4°C to 8°C, and the precooling time is 1 to 3 hours. During the precooling process, it is necessary to keep the air circulating in the storage to avoid local temperature unevenness caused by the accumulation of cut flowers. The baby's breath cut flowers remove the leaves and side branches at the bottom of the flower branches and damaged flowers. The leaves are removed based on the standard of being 10 to 20 cm higher than the flower-inducing liquid, as well as some yellow leaves caused by malnutrition. The side branches mainly remove overcrowded, dead branches, diseased branches and branches without tender buds. The baby's breath inflorescence is upward and uniformly arranged. When arranging the flowers, carefully straighten the stems of the baby's breath cut flowers so that the inflorescence is naturally facing upward and try to keep it in a flat space.

6. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5), the temperature of the flower induction room is maintained at 15-30°C, the relative humidity is 60%-85%, the light intensity is controlled at 1000-3000 lux, and the lighting time is about 12-14 hours per day. The temperature can be adjusted by air conditioners, heaters, constant temperature warehouses and other equipment to avoid excessively high or low temperatures; the humidity can be increased by using a humidifier, placing a water container around or spraying water regularly, or by ventilation equipment or dehumidifiers; the light intensity and time can be adjusted by using facilities such as sunshade nets and fill lights. The flower induction time of 3-10 days is not a fixed time. The entire flower induction time and the flower induction facility regulation also vary greatly with the seasons. The baby's breath in the container can only be taken out when it meets market needs.

7. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6), the flower-inducing maintenance is to observe the opening of the baby's breath cut flowers regularly every day, judge whether the flower-inducing effect reaches the expected effect, and remove the withered flowers, diseased branches and yellowed leaves in time. In addition, check whether there are diseases and insect pests. If gray mold, aphids and other diseases and insect pests are found, biological control methods or low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides should be used in time for prevention and control, such as spraying with fungicides and insecticides, and strictly control the concentration of the pesticide and the safe interval according to the instructions for use of the pesticide. In addition, check whether the environmental parameters of the flower-inducing room meet the conditions for the flower-inducing of baby's breath cut flowers, check whether the flower-inducing liquid is sufficient and clear, and if it is found that the flower-inducing liquid is insufficient, it should be replenished in time, and turbidity should be replaced in time. The preservative liquid is replenished or replaced every 3 to 5 days to ensure that the nutrients in the flower-inducing liquid are sufficient and clean. When replacing the flower-inducing liquid, the base of the flower stem should be re-cut by 1 to 2 cm to remove the part that may be contaminated or blocked by microorganisms, which is conducive to better absorption of the flower-inducing liquid.

8. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 7), the basic components of 1L of the fresh-keeping liquid of baby's breath cut flowers after the flowering is accelerated are 20-50g sucrose, 50-300mg 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, 20-50mg ascorbic acid, 50-300μmol aluminum sulfate, 200-400mg Tween 20, 100-200mg citric acid, and the rest is water. The standard for grading baby's breath cut flowers is to grade them according to the length, thickness, uniformity of the flower heads, whether the flowers are full, and whether there are dead flowers. For example, the flower stem length is 80-90cm, the flowers are full and the opening degree is moderate, which is classified as the first grade; the flower stem length is 70-80cm, the flowers are slightly smaller or the opening degree is slightly lower, which is the second grade; and so on. Cut flowers of different grades can be processed separately to meet different market needs. In addition, the packaging of baby's breath is to package the baby's breath cut flowers according to a certain quantity and specification, and each bunch of flowers should be kept loose to avoid squeezing. Plastic film or paper packaging materials can be used to place the flower branches in layers, with soft materials separating each layer to prevent the branches from rubbing and squeezing each other. After packaging, the variety, quantity, harvest date, and processing information should be marked on the packaging box.

9. The method for forcing the flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 7), the precooling treatment of the packaged baby's breath is to put the packaged baby's breath cut flowers into a cold storage for precooling, the temperature is set at about 2°C to 5°C, the relative humidity is 80% to 95%, and the precooling time is 12 to 72 hours. The state of the flowers should be checked regularly during the refrigeration process, and damaged or deteriorated bouquets should be picked out in time. Under refrigerated conditions, the baby's breath cut flowers can be kept fresh for 1 to 3 weeks. In addition, the transportation of baby's breath cut flowers adopts low-temperature refrigerated transportation to ensure that the temperature during transportation is always maintained at 2 to 5°C and the relative humidity is 80% to 95%. The transportation vehicle should have good shock absorption performance to avoid damage to the branches due to bumps. If the transportation time is long, an appropriate amount of ice bags or moisturizing cotton balls can be placed in the package to replenish water and maintain humidity to ensure that the baby's breath cut flowers can still maintain good quality when they arrive at the destination.

10. A method for inducing flowering of baby's breath cut flowers after harvest according to claim 1 / 3 / 4 / 8, characterized in that: The water is one or more of distilled water, deionized water, purified water, tap water, well water, and mineral water.