Artificial knee joint prosthesis

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical apparatuses and instruments, in particular to an artificial knee joint prosthesis which comprises a tibia support, a knee joint prosthesis body and a connecting piece. The liner is mounted on the tibia support; the femoral condyle prosthesis comprises a femoral condyle metal assembly and a femoral condyle ceramic assembly, the femoral condyle ceramic assembly wraps the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal assembly, the femoral condyle ceramic assembly is in sliding fit with the liner, the inner wall of the femoral condyle metal assembly is of a 3D printing bone trabecula structure, and biological fixation and bone ingrowth can be achieved. The femoral condyle prosthesis pad has the effect of reducing friction between the pad and a femoral condyle prosthesis, particles generated by polyethylene abrasion are reduced, then the condition of inflammation of a patient is reduced, bone cement reaction is avoided, and the conditions of postoperative pain and unstable joints of the patient are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to an artificial knee joint prosthesis. Background Art

[0002] Osteoarthritis is one of the major diseases that seriously endangers the health of the elderly. Knee replacement is an effective method for treating end-stage osteoarthritis and restoring joint function. At present, most artificial knee prostheses are made by casting and machining processes, with standardized specifications and fixed with bone cement. There are problems such as poor adaptability, bone cement syndrome and long-term prosthesis loosening. At present, the friction interface of the knee prosthesis is the friction interface of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy-polymer polyethylene. This interface can provide good friction performance and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene provides certain buffering performance. However, the particles produced by the wear of polyethylene under long-term use can induce inflammatory response, induce bone dissolution and cause prosthesis loosening. The alloy material will also release certain ions to produce corresponding toxicity, which can easily cause postoperative pain and joint instability in patients. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an artificial knee joint prosthesis, which is used to reduce the friction between the liner and the femoral condyle prosthesis, thereby reducing the particles generated by polyethylene wear, thereby reducing the inflammation of the patient, and reducing the postoperative pain and joint instability of the patient. Through the unique metal-ceramic nesting design, the friction interface is optimized, and the 3D printed trabecular structure is designed to achieve biological fixation of the prosthesis, avoiding the use of bone cement.

[0004] The present application provides an artificial knee joint prosthesis adopting the following technical solution: An artificial knee joint prosthesis, comprising: Tibial tray; a pad mounted on the tibial tray; The femoral condyle prosthesis comprises a femoral condyle metal component and a femoral condyle ceramic component. The femoral condyle ceramic component is coated on the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component, and the femoral condyle ceramic component is slidably matched with the liner.

[0005] Optionally, the outer surface of the femoral condyle metal component is provided with a plurality of abutment planes, and the femoral condyle ceramic component is also provided with the abutment planes, and the abutment planes on the femoral condyle ceramic component can fit together with the abutment planes on the femoral condyle metal component.

[0006] Optionally, a trabecular structure is provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle metal component.

[0007] Optionally, the femoral condyle ceramic component is made of Biolox delta ceramic material, alumina material or zirconium oxide material.

[0008] Optionally, the liner is made of UHMWPE material, XUHMWPE material, Vit-E XUHMWPE material, polyetheretherketone material, or polyetheretherketone reinforced material.

[0009] Optionally, the femoral condyle metal component is made of Ti6Al4V material or CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy material.

[0010] Optionally, the tibial tray is made of Ti6Al4V material or CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy material.

[0011] Optionally, there is a gap between the femoral condyle ceramic component and the femoral condyle metal component, and an elastic member is provided in the gap, and the elastic member abuts against the femoral condyle ceramic component and the femoral condyle metal component respectively.

[0012] Optionally, the elastic member fills the gap, protrusions are fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic member, dovetail grooves are provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component, and the protrusions are adapted to the dovetail grooves and can be inserted into the corresponding dovetail grooves.

[0013] Optionally, a plurality of elastic members are provided, and the plurality of elastic members are spaced apart in the gap, and grooves are provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component, and the elastic members are inserted into the corresponding grooves and are interference fit with the grooves.

[0014] The present application wraps a layer of femoral condyle ceramic component on the femoral condyle metal component. During the operation of the artificial knee joint prosthesis, the femoral condyle ceramic component and the liner rub against each other. Compared with the traditional metal-polyethylene friction interface, the friction between the femoral condyle ceramic component and the liner is smaller, and its wear resistance is better, thereby reducing the particles generated by polyethylene wear, thereby reducing the possibility of inducing inflammatory reaction, and reducing the induction of bone dissolution and causing prosthesis loosening. In addition, since the femoral condyle ceramic component isolates the femoral condyle metal component and the liner from each other, the wear of the femoral condyle metal component is eliminated, thereby reducing the wear of the metal material and the release of ions to produce corresponding toxicity, thereby reducing damage to the patient. In addition, since the femoral condyle ceramic component is coated on the femoral condyle metal component, the contact area between the femoral condyle metal component and the body fluid is reduced, thereby reducing the corrosion of the femoral condyle metal component, and further reducing the release of ions from the femoral condyle metal component to produce corresponding toxicity.

[0015] In summary, the ceramic-polyethylene friction interface is a better friction pair for artificial joints and has been widely verified in artificial hip joints. It can avoid metal ion precipitation and reduce polymer liner wear.

[0016] Secondly, by setting an elastic part between the femoral condyle metal component and the femoral condyle ceramic component, during the patient's movement, the liner made of high molecular polyethylene material performs the first buffering on the femoral condyle ceramic component, and the elastic part performs the second buffering on the femoral condyle ceramic component, thereby reducing the risk of femoral condyle ceramic component rupture, and because of the existence of two buffers, during the patient's movement, the impact force on the artificial knee joint prosthesis is reduced, and the patient's movement comfort is improved. Moreover, the femoral condyle ceramic component has a liner on one side and an elastic part on the other side, and both sides are in flexible contact. The liner and the elastic part wrap the femoral condyle ceramic component, further reducing the impact force on the femoral condyle ceramic component and reducing the damage to the femoral condyle ceramic component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an artificial knee joint prosthesis used in an artificial total knee joint prosthesis in Example 1 of the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 It is an oblique view of the femoral condyle prosthesis in the artificial total knee prosthesis in Example 1 of the present application.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a front view of the femoral condyle prosthesis in the artificial total knee prosthesis in Example 1 of the present application.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an artificial knee joint prosthesis used in a unicompartmental prosthesis in Example 1 of the present application.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the femoral condyle prosthesis in a specific implementation of Example 2 of the present application.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the femoral condyle prosthesis in another specific implementation manner of Example 2 of the present application.

[0023] In the figure, 1, tibial tray; 2, pad; 3, femoral condyle prosthesis; 31, femoral condyle metal component; 32, femoral condyle ceramic component; 33, abutment plane; 34, gap; 4, trabecular structure; 5, elastic member; 6, protrusion; 7, dovetail groove; 8, groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 6 , further details of this application are given.

[0025] The artificial knee joint prosthesis introduced below can be used in artificial total knee joint prosthesis or unicompartmental prosthesis. The specific scheme is as follows: Embodiment 1:

[0026] An artificial knee joint prosthesis, referring to Figures 1 to 4 , including a tibial tray 1, a liner 2 and a femoral condyle prosthesis 3, the femoral condyle prosthesis 3 including a femoral condyle metal component 31 and a femoral condyle ceramic component 32, the liner 2 is fixed on the tibial tray 1, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is coated on the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31, and the ceramic component and the liner 2 are slidably matched.

[0027] Specifically, when installing an artificial knee joint prosthesis, the human body's tibia and femoral condyle are first cut into corresponding shapes, and then the tibial tray 1 is fixed on the tibia, the femoral condyle metal component 31 is wrapped and fixed on the femoral condyle, and then the pad 2 is fixed on the tibial tray 1, so that the pad 2 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 form a sliding fit. During the movement of the leg, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 rotates and slides on the pad 2 to simulate the movement of the joint.

[0028] In this embodiment, the tibial tray 1 is fixed on the tibia, the femoral condyle metal component 31 is fixed on the tibia, and the pad 2 is fixed on the tibial tray 1; specifically, a trabecular structure 4 is provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31. By providing the trabecular structure 4, bone tissue will grow into the inside of the trabecular structure 4, so that the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle are fixed to each other. The bottom surface of the tibial tray 1 is also provided with the above-mentioned trabecular structure 4, and the tibial tray 1 is fixed to the tibia through the trabecular structure 4. The pad 2 is fixed to the tibial tray 1 by a buckle. In other embodiments, the pad 2 can also be fixed to the tibial tray 1 by a mortise and tenon structure or other methods. In a movable platform unicompartmental prosthesis, the pad 2 can be slidably matched with the tibial tray 1.

[0029] First, by setting the femoral condyle metal component 31, the strength of the entire femoral condyle prosthesis 3 is ensured; secondly, a layer of femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is wrapped on the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31, and the liner 2 is isolated from the femoral condyle metal component 31 by the femoral condyle ceramic component 32. During the operation of the artificial knee joint prosthesis, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the liner 2 rub against each other. Compared with the mutual friction between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the liner 2, the friction between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the liner 2 is smaller, thereby reducing the wear on the liner 2, thereby reducing the particles generated by the wear of polyethylene, thereby reducing the possibility of inducing inflammatory reactions, and reducing It induces bone dissolution and causes prosthesis loosening, and because the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 isolates the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the liner 2 from each other, the wear of the femoral condyle metal component 31 is reduced, and the wear of the metal material that causes the release of ions to produce corresponding toxicity is reduced, thereby reducing damage to the patient; finally, because the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is coated on the femoral condyle metal component 31, the contact area between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the body fluid is reduced, and the corrosion of the femoral condyle metal component 31 is reduced, and the release of ions from the femoral condyle metal component 31 is further reduced.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is made of Biolox delta ceramic material, alumina material or zirconium oxide material; the liner 2 is made of UHMWPE material, XUHMWPE material, Vit-E XUHMWPE material, polyetheretherketone material or polyetheretherketone reinforced material; the femoral condyle metal component 31 is made of Ti6Al4V material, CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy; the tibial tray 1 is also made of Ti6Al4V material, CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy. In other embodiments, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, the femoral condyle metal component 31, the liner 2 and the tibial tray 1 can also be made of other materials.

[0031] Furthermore, a plurality of abutment planes 33 are provided on the outer surface of the femoral condyle metal component 31, and a plurality of the above-mentioned abutment planes 33 are also provided on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32. When installing the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, the abutment planes 33 on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the abutment planes 33 on the femoral condyle metal component 31 are aligned with each other, and are fitted and fixed to each other.

[0032] Since abutment planes 33 are provided on both the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31, an angle is formed at the edge of each abutment plane 33. Therefore, when the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is attached to the femoral condyle metal component 31, there are multiple angles at the abutment points between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31. Therefore, after the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is attached to the femoral condyle metal component 31, the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is not easy to slide on the femoral condyle metal component 31, thereby making the connection between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31 more stable, reducing the occurrence of positional displacement between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31 during movement. Embodiment 2:

[0033] The structure of the present embodiment 2 is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that an elastic member 5 is additionally provided.

[0034] Reference Figure 5 An elastic member 5 is provided between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, a gap 34 is provided between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, and the elastic member 5 is provided in the gap 34 and abuts against the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, respectively. In this embodiment, the elastic member 5 is made of a high molecular polyethylene material, and in other embodiments, the elastic member 5 can also be made of other materials that can generate elasticity.

[0035] In a specific implementation of the present embodiment, the elastic member 5 is in sheet form and fills the gap 34. The two sides of the elastic member 5 are respectively fixed to the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32. When the patient is moving, pressure will be generated between the liner 2 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, especially when the patient is running and jumping, the pressure is greater. However, since the strength of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is less than the strength of the femoral condyle metal component 31, there is a risk of fracture of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 during the patient's use. By arranging the elastic member 5 between the femoral condyle metal component 31 and the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, during the patient's movement, the liner 2 made of a high molecular polyethylene material performs a first buffering on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, and the elastic member 5 performs a second buffering on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, thereby reducing the risk of fracture of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32. In addition, due to the existence of two buffers, the impact force on the artificial knee joint prosthesis is reduced during the patient's movement, thereby improving the patient's movement comfort. Moreover, one side of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 is a liner 2 and the other side is an elastic member 5, and both sides are in flexible contact. The liner 2 and the elastic member 5 wrap the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, further reducing the impact force on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and reducing the damage to the femoral condyle ceramic component 32.

[0036] Furthermore, protrusions 6 are fixedly connected on both sides of the elastic member 5, and dovetail grooves 7 are provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31, and the protrusions 6 are adapted to the dovetail grooves 7. When installing the elastic member 5, the protrusions 6 on one side of the elastic member 5 are inserted into the dovetail grooves 7 on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, and the protrusions 6 on the other side of the elastic member 5 are inserted into the dovetail grooves 7 on the femoral condyle metal component 31, thereby completing the installation of the elastic member 5 and achieving mutual fixation between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31. In order to further increase the installation stability of the elastic member 5, the elastic member 5 and the dovetail groove 7 are interference fit.

[0037] Since the protrusion 6 and the dovetail groove 7 are provided, during the installation of the elastic member 5, the protrusion 6 is inserted into the corresponding dovetail groove 7, thereby limiting the position of the elastic member 5, reducing the position deviation of the elastic member 5 in the gap 34, and facilitating the installation and fixation of the elastic member 5.

[0038] Reference Figure 6 In another specific implementation of the present embodiment, the elastic member 5 is columnar and is provided in a plurality of pieces. The plurality of elastic members 5 are evenly spaced and distributed in the gap 34. The inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component 31 are provided with a plurality of grooves 8. The grooves 8 are adapted to the elastic members 5. The elastic members 5 can be inserted into the grooves 8 and have an interference fit with the grooves 8. When installing the femoral condyle ceramic component 32, the plurality of elastic members 5 are placed between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31, and then the two ends of the elastic member 5 are respectively inserted into the grooves 8 on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31. When the elastic member 5 abuts against the inner bottom wall of the groove 8, a gap 34 is formed between the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31.

[0039] In another specific implementation of the present embodiment, the elastic member 5 is in the shape of a strip, and a plurality of elastic members 5 are spaced apart in the gap 34, and a group of elastic members 5 are arranged around the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 to close the gap 34 and reduce the flow of body fluid into the gap 34. The elastic member 5 can be fixed to the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and the femoral condyle metal component 31 respectively. Since the plurality of elastic members 5 are spaced apart, space is reserved for the elastic member 5 to fully deform elastically, thereby further increasing the cushioning of the femoral condyle ceramic component 32 and reducing the impact force on the femoral condyle ceramic component 32.

[0040] The embodiments of this specific implementation are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. The same components are represented by the same figure marks. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An artificial knee joint prosthesis, characterized in that: include: Tibial tray (1); A pad (2) mounted on the tibial tray (1); A femoral condyle prosthesis (3) comprising a femoral condyle metal component (31) and a femoral condyle ceramic component (32), wherein the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) is coated on the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31), and the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) is slidably matched with the liner (2); The outer surface of the femoral condyle metal component (31) is provided with a plurality of abutment planes (33), and the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) is also provided with the abutment planes (33). The abutment planes (33) on the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) can fit together with the abutment planes (33) on the femoral condyle metal component (31).

2. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: A trabecular bone structure (4) is provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31).

3. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The femoral condyle ceramic component (32) is made of Biolox delta ceramic material, aluminum oxide material or zirconium oxide material.

4. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liner (2) is made of UHMWPE material, XUHMWPE material, Vit-E XUHMWPE material, polyetheretherketone material, or polyetheretherketone reinforced material.

5. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The femoral condyle metal component (31) is made of Ti6Al4V material or CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy material.

6. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tibial tray (1) is made of Ti6Al4V material or CoCrMo alloy material or tantalum metal and its alloy material.

7. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap (34) between the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the femoral condyle metal component (31), and an elastic member (5) is arranged in the gap (34), and the elastic member (5) is respectively in contact with the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the femoral condyle metal component (31).

8. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The elastic member (5) covers the entire gap (34), protrusions (6) are fixedly connected to both sides of the elastic member (5), dovetail grooves (7) are provided on the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31), and the protrusions (6) are adapted to the dovetail grooves (7) and can be inserted into the corresponding dovetail grooves (7).

9. The artificial knee joint prosthesis according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of the elastic members (5) are provided, and the plurality of the elastic members (5) are distributed at intervals in the gap (34); the inner wall of the femoral condyle ceramic component (32) and the outer wall of the femoral condyle metal component (31) are both provided with grooves (8); the elastic members (5) are inserted into the corresponding grooves (8) and are interference-fitted with the grooves (8).

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