Rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion battery and preparation method of rapid fire extinguishing agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid fire extinguishing agent for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, the rapid fire extinguishing agent comprises the following specific raw materials: a surfactant, alcohols, salts, perfluorohexanone, urea and a solvent, the cleaning agent is prepared from raw materials in percentage by mass as follows: 0.2%-0.5% of a surfactant, 5%-8% of alcohols, 3%-5% of salts, 0.5%-1% of perfluorohexanone, 1%-3% of urea and 85%-92% of a solvent. The preparation method of the efficient cooling water-based fire extinguishing agent for the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps of preparing, stirring, standing and reacting, and the efficient cooling water-based fire extinguishing agent for the lithium ion battery is easy to prepare, stable in performance and remarkable in cooling effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and in particular to a quick fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, electronic devices, and other fields in recent years. However, due to their chemical properties, they pose a risk of fire and combustion. Lithium-ion battery fires are typically caused by the following factors: 1. Internal short circuit: The positive and negative electrode materials inside the battery may short-circuit due to manufacturing defects, physical damage, or other reasons, generating a large amount of heat. 2. Overcharge and over-discharge: Overcharging or over-discharging can damage the battery's chemical structure, making it unstable and prone to fire. 3. External high temperature: In high temperature environments, the chemical reactions of lithium-ion batteries are accelerated, increasing the possibility of fire.

[0003] Traditional fire extinguishing agents, such as dry powder and carbon dioxide, have limitations when responding to lithium-ion battery fires. While dry powder can extinguish open flames, it struggles to effectively suppress thermal runaway within lithium-ion batteries, potentially leading to reignition. Carbon dioxide can quickly reduce flame temperatures, but its effectiveness is limited and can increase internal battery pressure, potentially causing an explosion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

[0005] A rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries includes the following specific raw materials: surfactants, alcohols, salts, perfluorohexanone, urea, and solvents. The agent is prepared from the following raw materials in the following mass fractions: 0.2%-0.5% surfactants, 5%-8% alcohols, 3%-5% salts, 0.5%-1% perfluorohexanone, 1%-3% urea, and 85-92% solvents.

[0006] Preferably, the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0007] Preferably, the polymeric alcohol is polyethylene glycol.

[0008] Preferably, the salt is KHCO3 or NaHCO3.

[0009] Preferably, the solvent is water.

[0010] A method for preparing a rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. Preparation: Mix raw materials with a mass fraction of 0.2%-0.5% surfactant, 5%-8% alcohol, 3%-5% salt, 0.5%-1% perfluorohexanone, 1%-3% urea, and 85-92% solvent;

[0012] S2, stirring: adding the above raw materials into a blender and stirring;

[0013] S3, standing: the stirred raw materials are allowed to stand;

[0014] S4. Reaction: Add the raw materials after standing to the autoclave for chemical reaction.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the raw materials are left to stand for more than 39 minutes.

[0016] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0017] The present application discloses a highly efficient cooling water-based fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries. The fire extinguishing agent is simple to prepare, has stable performance, and has a significant cooling effect. The fire extinguishing agent includes the following raw materials: surfactants, polymeric alcohols, metal salts, additives, and water. The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, which has good dispersing and wetting properties. It can better reduce the surface tension of water so that water is sprayed out in the form of a mist with a high specific surface area. The atomization effect is good, which makes the heat evaporate faster, reduces the temperature of the fire source, and achieves a more efficient fire extinguishing effect. The alcohol is polyethylene glycol, which acts as an antifreeze agent and enables the water-based fire extinguishing agent of the present invention to be stored and used for a long time at low temperatures. The salt is KHCO3 or NaHCO3. NaHCO3 will be decomposed into NaCO3, H2O, and CO2 when heated at 120°C, absorbing more heat, and the released gas dilutes the oxygen concentration near the fire source, exerting a suffocating effect, and at the same time ionizes Na + Capture free radicals in the fire scene and improve the fire extinguishing effect. The additives are perfluorohexanone and urea. After the perfluorohexanone liquid is sprayed out at high speed, it vaporizes when heated. Due to its large heat capacity of vaporization and strong heat absorption ability, it causes the flame to lose heat quickly, destroying the tetrahedral balance of the fire and reducing the oxygen concentration around the fire source to suppress the burning of the flame. It also contains fluorine, which can interrupt the combustion chain reaction and quickly extinguish the fire. Urea can react with acid to form salt, which effectively reduces the hydrofluoric acid overflow during battery fire and protects metals from corrosion. Water is the solvent. Water has a high specific heat capacity and low viscosity. Water vapor can also dilute the oxygen in the combustion area, further suppressing combustion. It is pollution-free and inexpensive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a battery temperature change curve diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a battery temperature change curve diagram of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a battery temperature change curve diagram of Example 3 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a battery temperature change curve diagram of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a battery temperature change curve diagram of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a battery temperature change curve diagram of Comparative Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation methods of the present invention will be further explained in detail below through the description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings to help those skilled in the art have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the concept and technical solutions of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention puts reagents of different formulas into an autoclave, connects a high-pressure fine water mist nozzle with a high-pressure pipe, and places the nozzle at a height of 50 cm above the lithium-ion battery. The nozzle pressure is set to 5 MPa and the spray flow rate is 2 L / min. Two electric heating rods of the same size as the lithium-ion battery are distributed around the lithium-ion battery in a left-right symmetrical manner, wherein a thermocouple for monitoring the temperature is provided under the battery. By controlling the heating program of the heating rod, thermal runaway of the battery is induced. When the battery explosion-proof valve is opened and the temperature below reaches 200°C, the electric spark ignition is turned on to ignite the battery. After burning to a monitored temperature of 350°C, the autoclave device is turned on to spray the fire extinguishing agent. The autoclave device is closed after 30 seconds of spraying, the temperature detected by the thermocouple is recorded, and a temperature curve is drawn;

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] According to the fire extinguishing reagent ratio of mass fraction: 0.2% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5% polyethylene glycol, 3% KHCO3, 0.5% perfluorohexanone, 1% urea, and 90.3% water, take 10L of the above reagent, stir it evenly, let it stand for 39 minutes, and then add it to the autoclave.

[0028] Fire extinguishing effect: Figure 1 As shown, when the autoclave was opened to spray the fire extinguishing agent, the flame of the battery was extinguished 2 seconds after the spraying, and the battery cooled down to below 90°C after 142 seconds, with a temperature drop rate of 1.83°C / second, and the temperature continued to drop.

[0029] Example 2:

[0030] According to the fire extinguishing reagent ratio of mass fraction: 0.2% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5% polyethylene glycol, 3% NaHCO3, 0.5% perfluorohexanone, 1% urea, and 90.3% water, take 10L of the above reagent, stir it evenly, let it stand for 39 minutes, and then add it to the autoclave.

[0031] Fire extinguishing effect: Figure 2 As shown, when the autoclave was opened to spray the fire extinguishing agent, the flame of the battery was extinguished 2 seconds after the spraying, and the battery cooled down to below 90°C after 130 seconds, with a temperature drop rate of 2.00°C / second, and the temperature continued to drop.

[0032] Example 3:

[0033] According to the fire extinguishing reagent ratio of mass fraction: 0.5% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5% polyethylene glycol, 5% NaHCO3, 1% perfluorohexanone, 3% urea, and 85.5% water, take 10L of the above reagent, stir it evenly, let it stand for 39 minutes, and then add it to the autoclave.

[0034] Fire extinguishing effect: Figure 3 As shown, when the autoclave was opened to spray the fire extinguishing agent, the flame of the battery was extinguished 3 seconds after the spraying, and the battery was cooled to below 90°C after 109 seconds, with a temperature drop rate of 2.39°C / second, and the temperature continued to drop.

[0035] Comparative Example 1:

[0036] According to the fire extinguishing agent ratio of mass fraction: 100% water, take 10L of the above reagent, stir it evenly, let it stand for 39 minutes, and then add it into the autoclave.

[0037] Fire extinguishing effect: Figure 4 As shown, when the autoclave was opened to spray the fire extinguishing agent, the flame of the battery was extinguished 29 seconds after the spraying, and the battery cooled down to below 90°C after 947 seconds, with a temperature drop rate of 0.27°C / second, and the temperature continued to drop.

[0038] Comparative Example 2:

[0039] According to the fire extinguishing agent ratio of 5% polyethylene glycol, 3% KHCO3, and 92% water by mass, 10L of the above reagent was taken, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 39 minutes before adding it to the autoclave.

[0040] Fire extinguishing effect: Figure 5 As shown, when the autoclave was opened to spray the fire extinguishing agent, the flame of the battery was extinguished 27 seconds after the spraying, and the battery cooled down to below 90°C after 866 seconds, with a temperature drop rate of 0.30°C / second, and the temperature continued to drop.

[0041] Comparative Example 3:

[0042] According to the fire extinguishing reagent ratio of 0.2% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5% polyethylene glycol, 3% KHCO3, and 91.8% water by mass, 10L of the above reagent was taken, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 39 minutes before adding it to the autoclave.

[0043] Fire extinguishing effect: Figure 6 As shown, when the autoclave was opened to spray the fire extinguishing agent, the flame of the battery was extinguished 26 seconds after the spraying, and the battery cooled down to below 90°C after 740 seconds, with a temperature drop rate of 0.35°C / second, and the temperature continued to drop.

[0044] In summary, the present invention provides a highly efficient cooling water-based fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries. The fire extinguishing agent is simple to prepare, has stable performance, and has a significant cooling effect.

[0045] The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following specific raw materials: surfactant, alcohol, salt, perfluorohexanone, urea and solvent, and is prepared from the following raw materials in mass fractions: 0.2%-0.5% surfactant, 5%-8% alcohol, 3%-5% salt, 0.5%-1% perfluorohexanone, 1%-3% urea and 85-92% solvent.

2. A rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

3. A rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymeric alcohol is polyethylene glycol.

4. A rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt is KHCO3 or NaHCO3.

5. A rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is water.

6. A method for preparing a rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation: Mix raw materials with mass fractions of 0.2%-0.5% surfactant, 5%-8% alcohol, 3%-5% salt, 0.5%-1% perfluorohexanone, 1%-3% urea, and 85-92% solvent; S2, stirring: adding the above raw materials into a stirrer and stirring; S3, standing: standing the stirred raw materials; S4, reaction: adding the raw materials after standing to an autoclave for chemical reaction.

7. The method for preparing a rapid fire extinguishing agent for lithium ion batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the raw materials are left to stand for more than 39 minutes.

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