Auricularia fuscosuccinea residue fertilizer for enhancing fertility and structural stability of black land and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of an auricularia fuscosuccinea mushroom dreg fertilizer for enhancing fertility and structural stability of black land, which comprises the following steps: mixing corn straw, sawdust, wheat bran, soybean meal, lime and gypsum to obtain an auricularia fuscosuccinea culture medium, and adding water to obtain a blended auricularia fuscosuccinea culture medium; after sterilization, auricularia fuscosuccinea strains are inoculated, and after auricularia fuscosuccinea is harvested, the remaining culture medium serves as auricularia The method comprises the following steps: mixing auricularia fuscosuccinea mushroom dregs and chicken manure, adding water to obtain a fertilizer to be composted, composting and fermenting for 30 days, and turning the compost every 3-6 days during the composting fermentation to obtain the auricularia fuscosuccinea mushroom dreg fertilizer. The invention further provides application, and the auricularia fuscosuccinea mushroom dreg fertilizer is used for cultivating motherwort and enhancing the fertility and the structural stability of black land. According to the method, the resource utilization efficiency of the auricularia fuscosuccinea residues is improved, the fertility and sustainable utilization of the black land are effectively improved, and the method can be widely applied to efficient planting of medicinal plants and economic crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wood ear mushroom residue, and in particular relates to a wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer capable of enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of agricultural production, the treatment and resource utilization of agricultural waste has become an important research direction for sustainable agricultural development. Among the many agricultural wastes, the mushroom residue produced by the edible fungus industry is an organic waste with great potential. As a by-product left after the cultivation of Auricularia auricula, the mushroom residue is rich in organic matter and mineral nutrients, but if it is not used reasonably, it may cause environmental pollution and waste of resources.

[0003] Corn stalks are a common agricultural byproduct, rich in cellulose and lignin, and can be used as an important component of the cultivation matrix for Auricularia auricula. In the Auricularia auricula cultivation process, the cultivation matrix is ​​made by mixing corn stalks with other raw materials such as sawdust, which not only provides suitable cultivation conditions, but also allows the fiber structure of the stalks to degrade and transform after cultivation, further increasing its organic matter content and decomposition potential. However, the residue after cultivation contains incompletely decomposed straw fibers and rich Auricularia auricula metabolites, which have significant secondary utilization value.

[0004] Black soil is an important grain production base in my country, but due to long-term overcultivation, soil erosion and fertility decline, black soil is facing the problem of fertility decline and structural instability. Although the excessive use of traditional chemical fertilizers can increase yields in the short term, the damage to soil structure and microbial communities cannot be ignored in the long term. Therefore, how to use agricultural waste and improve the fertility and structural stability of black soil through resource processing has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method and application of Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer not only improves the resource utilization efficiency of Auricularia auriculariae residue, but also effectively improves the fertility and sustainable utilization of black soil, and can be widely used in the efficient cultivation of medicinal plants and economic crops.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a fungus residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil, the method comprising:

[0007] S1, corn stalks, sawdust, wheat bran, soybean meal, lime and gypsum are mixed to obtain a fungus cultivation medium, and after adding water, a prepared fungus cultivation medium is obtained;

[0008] The wood ear cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by mixing the following raw materials in mass fractions: 20% corn stalk crushed material, 60% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 1% lime, and the balance is gypsum;

[0009] S2, sterilizing the prepared Auricularia auricula cultivation substrate obtained in S1, inoculating Auricularia auricula strains, and harvesting Auricularia auricula, using the remaining cultivation substrate as Auricularia auricula residue;

[0010] S3, mixing the Auricularia auricula residue obtained in S2 with chicken manure, adding water, and obtaining compost;

[0011] S4. The compost obtained in S3 is composted and fermented for 30 days, during which the compost is turned every 3 to 6 days to obtain Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Auricularia auriculariae residue to chicken manure in S3 is 3:1; and the moisture content of the compost is 60% to 65%.

[0013] The present invention provides application of the Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method. The Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for the cultivation of Leonurus japonicus.

[0014] Preferably, the method of using the Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer that enhances the fertility and structural stability of black soil for the cultivation of motherwort is: mixing the Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer that enhances the fertility and structural stability of black soil with black soil in a 1:1 ratio to obtain a motherwort cultivation matrix, which is used for the cultivation of motherwort under the conditions of a temperature of 25°C and a daily light duration of 12 hours.

[0015] Preferably, the Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer that enhances the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used to promote the growth of motherwort and improve the quality of motherwort.

[0016] The present invention provides the application of the Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method. The Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] The present invention combines the fungus residue produced by the straw-containing matrix used in the cultivation of fungus with chicken manure for composting to obtain fungus residue fertilizer. The combined composting residue fertilizer can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of black soil, enhance soil fertility, and have a positive impact on the soil microbial community structure, thereby promoting plant growth and increasing crop yield and quality. This method not only achieves the high-value utilization of agricultural wastes such as fungus residue and straw, but also provides technical support for restoring and protecting the ecology of black soil, and opens up a new path for the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is the effect of different straw contents on the bacterial community before and after composting in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is the effect of different straw contents on the bacterial community before and after composting in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Example 1

[0023] The method for preparing the wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil in this embodiment is as follows:

[0024] S1, mixing corn stalks, sawdust, wheat bran, soybean meal, lime and gypsum to obtain a fungus cultivation medium, and adding water to obtain a prepared fungus cultivation medium having a moisture content of 60%;

[0025] The wood ear cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by mixing the following raw materials in mass fractions: 20% corn stalk crushed material, 60% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 1% lime, and the balance is gypsum;

[0026] S2, putting the prepared Auricularia auricula cultivation substrate obtained in S1 into a polypropylene culture bag, sterilizing it at normal pressure at a temperature of 105° C. for 10 hours, and naturally cooling it to room temperature to obtain a sterilized Auricularia auricula cultivation substrate; inoculating Auricularia auricula strains into the sterilized Auricularia auricula cultivation substrate under aseptic conditions, culturing it for 30 days at a temperature of 22° C. and a humidity of 80% to obtain a fungus bag; puncturing the obtained fungus bag, culturing it at a temperature of 22° C. and a humidity of 85% until the Auricularia auricula matures, harvesting the Auricularia auricula, and using the remaining cultivation substrate as Auricularia auricula residue;

[0027] S3, mixing the Auricularia auricula residue obtained in S2 with chicken manure in a mass ratio of 3:1, adding water, and obtaining a compost with a moisture content of 60%;

[0028] The moisture content of the compost can also be 65%;

[0029] S6. The compost obtained in S5 is composted and fermented for 30 days, during which the compost is turned every 3 to 6 days to ensure oxygen supply, thereby obtaining Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer.

[0030] Composting is carried out in an insulated composting box of 57cm×42.5cm×30cm. The temperature changes as follows: 1 to 3 days after the start of composting, it enters the heating stage, reaching 55℃~65℃, the high temperature decomposes organic matter and kills pathogens; 21 to 30 days after the start of composting, it cools down to room temperature and the compost stabilizes.

[0031] Real-time monitoring of pile temperature, pH value, GI, moisture, electrical conductivity (EC) and other parameters to ensure compost quality.

[0032] This embodiment also conducted a comparative experiment on the formula of the Auricularia auricula cultivation substrate.

[0033] CK group: Auricularia auricula residue prepared by using a Auricularia auricula cultivation matrix mixed with 80wt% sawdust, 15wt% wheat bran, 3wt% soybean meal, 1wt% lime and 1wt% gypsum.

[0034] Group A1: Auricularia auricula residue prepared by mixing a culture medium of Auricularia auricula with 20wt% corn stalk crushed material, 60wt% sawdust, 15wt% wheat bran, 3wt% soybean meal, 1wt% lime and 1wt% gypsum.

[0035] Group A2: Auricularia auricula residue prepared from a Auricularia auricula cultivation matrix mixed with 40wt% corn stalk crushed material, 40wt% sawdust, 15wt% wheat bran, 3wt% soybean meal, 1wt% lime and the remainder 1wt% gypsum, which is the Auricularia auricula residue prepared in step S2 of this embodiment.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the effect of different straw addition ratios on bacterial communities before and after composting. CK, A1, and A2 are Auricularia auricula residues before composting; F, G, and H are Auricularia auricula residue fertilizers after composting of CK, A1, and A2, respectively.

[0037] The bacterial community structure of group A1 after composting showed significant changes, and the number and diversity of bacteria increased more significantly than those of groups CK and A2, especially in the abundance of certain key bacterial populations, where group A1 had the most significant effect. This suggests that group A1 may have better environmental adaptability during the composting process, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms and further improving the quality of compost. At the genus level, the study found that compost is rich in a variety of bacteria that are beneficial to water and soil, especially Streptomyces and Thermostaphylococcus, which play a key role in improving soil fertility, drought resistance, and maintaining soil health and ecological balance. Figure 1The data in showed that the abundance of Streptomyces and Thermostaphylococcus in group A1 was higher than that in other groups, indicating that the quality of compost in group A1 had a strong potential in improving soil health and ecological balance.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the effects of different straw addition ratios on fungal communities before and after composting. CK, A1, and A2 are Auricularia auricula residues before composting; F, G, and H are Auricularia auricula residue fertilizers after composting of CK, A1, and A2, respectively.

[0039] The data showed that the fungal community structure of group A1 after composting showed obvious changes, especially in the abundance changes of some key fungi. The fungal population of group A1 after composting showed more significant diversity and quantity increase, which further proved the optimization effect of group A1 on the fungal community during the composting process. At the genus level, the genus Auricularia dominated the early stage of composting, but these species almost completely disappeared at the end of composting. At the same time, the genera such as Tara, Nigrocarpa and Thermomyces, which were less common in the early stage of composting, increased significantly in abundance in the late stage of composting, especially the proportion of Thermomyces in the three treatment piles increased significantly, indicating that its changes were most significant in the A1 treatment. These genera can decompose organic matter, promote the circulation of organic matter in the soil, and produce enzymes that are beneficial to plant absorption of nutrients, such as cellulase and xylanase, which have a positive effect on improving the soil environment. The data showed that the abundance of Thermomyces in group A1 increased the most, indicating that it has a significant effect in improving the soil environment and promoting the decomposition of organic matter.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The present embodiment is an application of the Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil prepared in Example 1, wherein the Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for the cultivation of Leonurus japonicus, and the method is as follows: the Auricularia auriculariae residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is mixed with black soil in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a Leonurus japonicus cultivation matrix, which is used for the cultivation of Leonurus japonicus under the conditions of a temperature of 25°C and a daily light duration of 12 hours, watering and fertilizing regularly, and monitoring the growth of the plants.

[0042] The Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for promoting the growth of motherwort and improving the quality of motherwort.

[0043] The Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil.

[0044] During the cultivation period, the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Saccharomonospora and Streptomyces in the soil increased significantly, the soil humus content increased, and the nutrient effectiveness improved. The content of motherwort hydrochloride, the medicinal ingredient of motherwort, increased by more than 30%; the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil decreased significantly, indicating that the plant's absorption efficiency of nutrients increased. In the mixed matrix of soil and compost, the diversity of microbial communities increased, and the relative abundance of Saccharomonospora reached 21.3%, which increased significantly, promoting the decomposition of organic matter and plant growth.

[0045] (I) This example tests the effect of composting on the cultivation of Leonurus japonicus.

[0046] 1. Cultivation substrate ratio

[0047] The Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer finally prepared in Example 1 was mixed with farmland soil in different proportions, and three treatments with different mass ratios of Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer and black soil were set, and pure soil was used as a control group:

[0048] OQ group: the mass ratio of fungus residue fertilizer to black soil was 1:1;

[0049] OR group: the mass ratio of fungus residue fertilizer to black soil was 1:2;

[0050] OS group: pure compost group, only Auricularia auricula residue fertilizer;

[0051] OP group: control group, which was pure black soil without composting.

[0052] 2. Cultivation conditions

[0053] Motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) was cultivated in a greenhouse and the seeds were sterilized before sowing;

[0054] Greenhouse environment: average daily temperature 25°C, 12 hours of sunlight per day;

[0055] Water and fertilize regularly to keep the substrate moist, and record the plant height and biomass.

[0056] 3. Survey Methods

[0057] Motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) was cultivated in a greenhouse, and the seeds were sterilized before sowing;

[0058] Greenhouse environment: the average daily temperature is maintained at 25°C, and the daily light hours are 12 hours;

[0059] Water and fertilize regularly to keep the substrate moist, and record the plant height and biomass.

[0060] To ensure the reliability and statistical significance of the experimental data, repeated experiments were performed on different treatment groups.

[0061] The number of investigated strains in each group was 30, and each experimental group was set up with 3 replicates to improve the reliability of the data.

[0062] Plant height: recorded by measuring the distance from the base to the top of the plant;

[0063] Biomass: The dry weight of each part of the plant is measured by dry weight method;

[0064] Nutrient content: Sampling and analyzing soil and plant nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content

[0065] 4. Experimental Results

[0066] Table 1 Measurement results of plant height and biomass

[0067] deal with Plant height(cm) Biomass (g) OP 41.14±1.39d 0.09±0.03b OQ 76.54±1.45a 0.66±0.26a OR 68.29±1.98b 0.50±0.24a OS 55.48±1.99c 0.46±0.16a

[0068] Note: The data in the table are mean ± standard deviation, and letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level, the same as in the following table.

[0069] Table 2 The measurement results of Leonurine Hydrochloride

[0070] deal with Leonurine hydrochloride content (μg / g) OP 256.77±4.49b OQ 346.84±6.84a OR 272.91±6.38b OS 226.87±7.54c

[0071] As shown in Table 1, the growth performance: the plant height and biomass of the OQ group were significantly better than those of the other treatment groups, with average values ​​reaching 76.54 cm and 0.66 g, respectively; the OS group had a lower plant height due to poor compost structure, with an average value of only 55.48 cm;

[0072] As shown in Table 2, the content of active ingredients: the average content of leonurine in the OQ group was 346.84 μg / g, which was significantly higher than 256.77 μg / g in the pure soil control group, indicating the promoting effect of the mixed matrix on the accumulation of medicinal ingredients.

[0073] 2. Effects of composting on soil physical and chemical properties and microbial communities

[0074] The test results are shown in Table 3-4.

[0075] Table 3 Contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium before and after different treatments

[0076]

[0077] Table 4 Carbon contents of humic acid, fulvic acid and humic acid before and after different treatments

[0078]

[0079] 1. Analysis of soil physical and chemical properties

[0080] Changes in organic matter: The organic carbon content of the OQ group decreased from 51.40 g / kg to 34.61 g / kg after cultivation, indicating that plant growth consumed nutrients significantly while retaining a higher level of organic matter;

[0081] Nutrient changes: Available phosphorus in the OQ group decreased from 208.12 mg / kg to 188.00 mg / kg, and available potassium decreased from 1940.33 mg / kg to 606.00 mg / kg, indicating that composting promoted the release and absorption of nutrients;

[0082] Humic changes: The contents of humic acid and fulvic acid decreased the most in the OQ group, indicating that composting improved the soil aggregate structure and nutrient availability.

[0083] 2. Microbial Community Analysis

[0084] Microbial diversity: Metagenomic sequencing showed that the diversity of the microbial community in the OQ group was significantly higher than that in other groups, with the abundances of Saccharomonospora and Streptomyces being 21.3% and 21.0%, respectively.

[0085] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fungus residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil, characterized in that: The method is: S1, corn stalks, wood chips, wheat bran, soybean meal, lime and gypsum are mixed to obtain a fungus cultivation medium, and after adding water, a prepared fungus cultivation medium is obtained; The wood ear cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by mixing the following raw materials in mass fractions: 20% corn straw crushed material, 60% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 1% lime, and the balance being gypsum; S2, sterilizing the prepared Auricularia auriculariae cultivation substrate obtained in S1, inoculating Auricularia auriculariae spawn, harvesting Auricularia auriculariae, and using the remaining cultivation substrate as Auricularia auriculariae residue; S3, mixing the wood ear mushroom residue obtained in S2 with chicken manure, adding water, and obtaining compost; S4. Composting and fermenting the compost obtained in S3 for 30 days, turning the compost every 3 to 6 days, to obtain wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing a fungus residue fertilizer for enhancing black soil fertility and structural stability according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the wood ear mushroom residue and chicken manure in S3 is 3:1; the moisture content of the compost is 60% to 65%.

3. An application of the fungus residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for the cultivation of motherwort.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that The method for using the wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer that enhances the fertility and structural stability of black soil for the cultivation of motherwort is as follows: the wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer that enhances the fertility and structural stability of black soil is mixed with black soil in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a motherwort cultivation matrix, which is used for the cultivation of motherwort under the conditions of a temperature of 25°C and a daily light duration of 12 hours.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for promoting the growth of motherwort and improving the quality of motherwort.

6. An application of the fungus residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The wood ear mushroom residue fertilizer for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil is used for enhancing the fertility and structural stability of black soil.

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