Method and system for increasing vegetation and soil in desert area to obtain atmospheric water

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for obtaining atmospheric water by increasing vegetation and soil in a desert area, and belongs to the technical field of ecological condition improvement and vegetation restoration in the desert area, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining meteorological data of the desert area; calculating water vapor flux and water vapor content based on the meteorological data, and drawing vector diagrams of the water vapor flux and the water vapor content; judging a water vapor transmission direction according to the vector diagram; and determining a sand dune microtopography slope direction based on the water vapor transmission direction, adjusting the sand dune by using the sand dune microtopography slope direction, intercepting atmospheric water, and providing water for vegetation and soil. According to the method, the water vapor content and the water vapor flux are calculated, the water vapor transmission direction is judged, the slope direction of the sand dune is transformed by utilizing the characteristic that the climate of the geographic position of the desert area is relatively stable, and plants or soil can obtain more gaseous water and liquefied water by utilizing natural conditions; the method is reliable, low in cost and remarkable in effect, and plays a very key role in artificial assistance of natural recovery of desert vegetation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of improving ecological conditions and restoring vegetation in desert areas, and more particularly to a method and system for increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas to obtain atmospheric water. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are many methods for obtaining dew in arid or desert areas, mainly through collecting dew by radiation principle or artificial assisted condensation measures. Such methods are costly, limited in scope of use, and limited in the amount of dew obtained, especially for improving the moisture of desert plants and soil. The existing technologies are mainly divided into two categories, including:

[0003] The first category is to collect gaseous water in arid areas and liquefy it as water resources. The main technologies include:

[0004] (1) Use aluminum as a condensation surface to increase the amount of dew.

[0005] (2) TiO2 and BaSO4 were applied on the surface of white hydrophilic polyethylene foil (WSF) and black polyethylene foil (BF) to increase the amount of condensed water.

[0006] (3) SiO2 nanoparticles are coated on the surface of the mirror material DESR-M to reduce the surface contact angle and enhance the hydrophilicity, and then combined with an auxiliary heat exchange process to improve the condensation rate.

[0007] (4) Polydimethylsilane (PDMS) was coated on one side of the glass plate as a radiation cooling layer, and chromium, silver, chromium, and superhydrophobic nanocomposites were sequentially coated on the other side to enhance the reflective effect of the material and the rapid polymerization of the water film, combined with the sub-cooling environment to increase the amount of condensed water.

[0008] (5) Using aluminum (Al) as the base, silver (Ag) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are coated on the surface, and polyethylene is used to seal the air insulation box to replace the bottom insulation material to obtain condensed water.

[0009] The second category is to use water retaining agents or artificial auxiliary heat exchange and vacuum insulation measures in desert areas to increase soil moisture and increase the amount of gaseous water liquefaction collection, including:

[0010] (1) Add water-retaining agent 5 to 10 cm below the ground surface to increase the amount of dew by utilizing its hygroscopic properties.

[0011] (2) Artificial auxiliary heat exchange and vacuum insulation measures at the bottom of the condensation surface to reduce the temperature of the condensation surface are also used to obtain condensation water.

[0012] The above-mentioned existing technologies must rely on relevant expensive equipment and materials, and the processing process is complicated and costly. The liquefaction surface of gaseous water is limited, and it is impossible to obtain more atmospheric liquefied water for plants and soil at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0013] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method and system for increasing the acquisition of atmospheric water by vegetation and soil in desert areas. The method and system utilize the principle of atmospheric water vapor transmission, change the microtopography and utilize favorable conditions to increase the amount of gaseous water liquefaction acquired by desert plants and soil. The present invention maximizes the use of natural conditions and can obtain dew at low cost, so that plants and soil in desert areas can directly obtain water vapor to form dew, providing more favorable moisture conditions for plant growth and vegetation restoration; it plays a very critical role in artificially assisting the natural restoration of desert vegetation.

[0014] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0015] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing vegetation and soil in a desert area to obtain atmospheric water, the method comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1: Obtain meteorological data for desert areas;

[0017] S2: Calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content based on the meteorological data, and draw a vector diagram of the water vapor flux and the water vapor content;

[0018] S3: determining the water vapor transmission direction according to the vector diagram;

[0019] S4: Determine the slope direction of the dune micro-topography based on the water vapor transmission direction, adjust the dune using the slope direction of the dune micro-topography, and intercept atmospheric water.

[0020] Furthermore, in S2, the formula for calculating the water vapor flux and water vapor content based on the meteorological data includes:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] es=6.112×exp[(17.67×T) / (T+243.5)]

[0024] Where Q represents water vapor flux; q represents specific humidity; u represents wind speed; p s represents the surface atmospheric pressure, p 100 It represents the atmospheric pressure 100m above the ground; p represents atmospheric pressure; g represents gravity constant; W represents water vapor content; e represents water vapor pressure; RH represents relative humidity; es represents saturated water vapor pressure; and T represents air temperature.

[0025] Furthermore, in S3, according to the drawn vector diagram, when the proportion of water vapor flux or water vapor content in a certain wind direction interval reaches or exceeds a preset value, the wind direction interval is determined to be the water vapor transmission direction.

[0026] Furthermore, a preset value of the water vapor flux or water vapor content in a certain wind direction interval is 30%.

[0027] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0028] S5: Determine the location for vegetation restoration based on the micro-topography slope of the dunes and the observed reference dew volume, use grass grids to fix the quicksand on the dune surface, and sow sand-loving plants.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a system for increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas to obtain atmospheric water, which is applied to the above-mentioned method for increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas to obtain atmospheric water. The system includes: a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a judgment module, wherein:

[0030] The data acquisition module is used to acquire meteorological data in desert areas;

[0031] The data processing module is used to calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content according to the meteorological data, and draw vector diagrams of the water vapor flux and water vapor content;

[0032] The judgment module is used to judge the water vapor transmission direction according to the vector diagram; and determine the dune micro-topography slope direction according to the water vapor transmission direction.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention utilizes the relatively stable climate characteristics of the desert area's geographical location to calculate water vapor content and water vapor flux, determine the direction of water vapor transmission, and transform the dune slope, and utilizes natural conditions to enable plants or soil to obtain more gaseous water to liquefy water; this method is reliable, low-cost, and effective, and plays a very critical role in artificially assisting the natural restoration of desert vegetation.

[0035] 2. Although the desert area is dry and rainy, the water vapor flux at the edge of the desert is relatively high. This method is a reliable water source. It can intercept water vapor by mastering the law of water vapor transmission and increase the amount of dew formation without using auxiliary materials or equipment, and the cost can be minimized. Vegetation and soil directly obtain water without time restrictions, which can effectively compensate for the water shortage caused by insufficient precipitation.

[0036] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for increasing vegetation and soil in a desert area to obtain atmospheric water provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vector distribution of water vapor flux and water vapor content at different periods provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the sand dune micro-topography slope structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the principle of intercepting water vapor on a dune slope provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the verification effect of the implementation of the method provided in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that: in some processes described in the specification and drawings of this application, multiple operations appearing in a specific order are included, but it should be clearly understood that these operations may not be performed in the order in which they appear in this document or may be performed in parallel. In addition, various serial numbers are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] See also Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for increasing vegetation and soil in a desert area to obtain atmospheric water, the method comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1: Obtain meteorological data for desert areas;

[0050] S2: Calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content based on the meteorological data, and draw a vector diagram of the water vapor flux and the water vapor content;

[0051] S3: determining the water vapor transmission direction according to the vector diagram;

[0052] S4: Determine the slope direction of the dune micro-topography based on the water vapor transmission direction, adjust the dune using the slope direction of the dune micro-topography, and intercept atmospheric water.

[0053] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0054] S5: Determine the location for vegetation restoration based on the micro-topography slope of the dunes and the observed reference dew volume, use grass grids to fix the quicksand on the dune surface, and sow sand-loving plants.

[0055] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the working principle and implementation mode of the present invention are described in detail:

[0056] At present, the key to obtaining liquefied gaseous water in desert areas is to obtain water vapor and reduce the temperature of the condensation surface. Under natural conditions, the change of condensation surface temperature is affected by air temperature and thermodynamic properties of condensation surface materials. Among these two key factors, desert plants and soil as condensation surfaces cannot be changed, and the acquisition of water vapor can be intercepted by changing the slope of micro-topography. In order to intercept water vapor to the maximum extent, it is necessary to determine the transmission direction of water vapor, water vapor flux, and water vapor content. The present invention uses the obtained meteorological data (air temperature, relative air humidity, wind direction and wind speed) and the integral method to calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content. The calculation method and steps are as follows:

[0057] 1. Calculation of water vapor flux: see formula (1)

[0058]

[0059] Here: Q is the average water vapor flux at 100 m above the surface, kg / (m·s); q is the specific humidity, g / kg; u is the wind speed, m / s; p is the relative humidity, g / kg; s is the surface atmospheric pressure, mbar, p 100 is the atmospheric pressure at 100 m above the surface, mbar; p is the atmospheric pressure, mbar; g is the gravity constant.

[0060] 2. Calculation of water vapor content: see formula (2)

[0061]

[0062] Here: W is the water vapor content, mm, and other symbols have the same meanings as before.

[0063] 3. Calculation of specific humidity is shown in formula (3)

[0064]

[0065] Here e is the water vapor pressure, mbar.

[0066] 4. Calculation of water vapor pressure: see formula (4)

[0067]

[0068] Here, RH is the relative humidity of air, %.

[0069] 5. Saturated water vapor is calculated as shown in formula (5)

[0070] es=6.112×exp[(17.67×T) / (T+243.5)] Formula (5)

[0071] Here, es is the saturated water vapor pressure, mbar, and T is the air temperature, °C.

[0072] Furthermore, a vector diagram of water vapor flux and water vapor content is drawn to determine the direction and speed of water vapor transmission, thereby changing the micro-topography and adjusting the dune slope to intercept more water vapor, thereby forming dew and directly providing moisture to plants and soil. The final method is to calculate water vapor flux and water vapor content, determine the direction and speed of water vapor transmission, change the dune micro-topography slope, intercept water vapor, and produce dew to increase the amount of dew that desert vegetation and soil can obtain.

[0073] The key points of the method of the present invention are: determining that the slopes in the desert area are more conducive to water vapor interception according to the principle of atmospheric water vapor; determining the favorable slope direction for dune vegetation restoration according to the water vapor transmission characteristics; verifying by referring to the gaseous water liquefaction amount and soil moisture of the selected slope; and sowing sand-dwelling plants on the dune slope that is conducive to water vapor interception.

[0074] Furthermore, the method of the present invention determines the main direction and speed of water vapor transmission through the vector distribution of water vapor flux and water vapor content at different periods (the vector direction is consistent with the wind direction), providing a basis for changing the dune slope. Figure 2 As shown, according to the drawn wind direction-water vapor flux and wind direction-water vapor content diagrams, when the proportion of water vapor flux or water vapor content in a certain wind direction interval reaches more than 30%, the wind direction interval is considered to be the main direction of water vapor transmission.

[0075] Furthermore, the dune slope is transformed into a slope facing the direction of water vapor transmission, that is, the dune slope is oriented towards the direction of water vapor transmission, facing the direction of more than 30% water vapor flux and water vapor content transmission. Figure 2 It can be judged that the main directions of water vapor transmission in the desert area are (expressed by wind direction): 0-120° (north-east, northeast, due east, east-south), 150-210° (south-east, due south, south-west). Figure 3 As shown; the working principle of dune slope interception of water vapor can be found in Figure 4 shown.

[0076] Experimental verification:

[0077] In one specific implementation, in-situ testing and verification was conducted for many years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert from April 2021 to October 2024. The workflow, working principle, function, and effect are as follows:

[0078] 1. Workflow:

[0079] (1) Install a weather station and obtain weather data: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure;

[0080] (2) Reference dew amount observation: Use leaf humidity sensor to observe and calculate reference dew amount;

[0081] (3) Calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content within 100 m above the surface;

[0082] (4) Determine the main direction of water vapor transport using reference dew, water vapor flux, and water vapor content;

[0083] (5) Building artificial sand dunes, observing the reference dew amount in the main direction of water vapor transport and the soil moisture on the dune surface (0-10 cm);

[0084] (6) Planting Artemisia ordosica on dune slopes facing the main direction of water vapor transmission;

[0085] (7) Observe the growth of Artemisia ordosica and verify the results.

[0086] 2. Working principle:

[0087] (1) During the atmospheric water vapor transport process, when the condensation surface temperature reaches or is lower than the dew point temperature, water vapor condenses to form liquid water, also known as dew;

[0088] (2) When atmospheric water encounters dry soil during transmission, it will be absorbed by the dry soil to form hygroscopic water;

[0089] (3) The amount of water vapor condensation in the atmosphere and the amount of moisture absorbed by the soil are related to water vapor flux, water vapor content and interception surface;

[0090] (4) Sloped dune slopes are more likely to intercept atmospheric water vapor than flat desert surfaces;

[0091] (5) The more water vapor the vegetation or soil on the dune surface intercepts, the more moisture it will gain and the more biomass it will increase.

[0092] 3. Function:

[0093] Whether it is plants or soil, due to the increase in the liquefaction of gaseous water, desert plants can eventually obtain more water, making it easier for them to survive or grow, which is conducive to the recovery of desert vegetation.

[0094] 4. Effect:

[0095] The test process and results at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert are shown in Tables 1 and Figure 5 As shown:

[0096] Table 1 Observation data results (average value in August 2024)

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] From the observation data results (Table 1), the amount of gaseous water liquefaction, soil moisture and the direction of water vapor transmission are directly related. The dew amount on the east slope of the sand dunes in this area is the largest, while the dew amount on the west slope is the smallest. Similarly, the soil moisture content at a burial depth of 5 cm and 10 cm on the east slope is the highest, and the soil moisture content on the west slope is the lowest. The results are consistent with the growth conditions of the planted Artemisia ordosica, indicating that the method proposed in the present invention is a reliable method for artificial assisted vegetation in deserts.

[0100] From the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can know that the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas to obtain atmospheric water, which has the following technical advantages:

[0101] 1. Utilize natural laws and change micro-topography to allow desert plants and soil to intercept more atmospheric water vapor and increase the amount of dew formed;

[0102] 2. Reliable and low cost: Although the desert is dry and rainy, the water vapor flux at the edge of the desert is high, which is a reliable water source. By mastering the water vapor transmission law and intercepting the water vapor, the amount of dew formation can be increased without using auxiliary materials or equipment, and the cost can be minimized;

[0103] 3. Vegetation and soil obtain water directly without time restrictions, which can effectively compensate for the water shortage caused by insufficient precipitation.

[0104] Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a system for increasing vegetation and soil in a desert area to obtain atmospheric water, which is applied to the above-mentioned method for increasing vegetation and soil in a desert area to obtain atmospheric water. The system includes: a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a judgment module, wherein:

[0105] The data acquisition module is used to acquire meteorological data in desert areas:

[0106] The data processing module is used to calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content according to the meteorological data, and draw vector diagrams of the water vapor flux and water vapor content;

[0107] The judgment module is used to judge the water vapor transmission direction according to the vector diagram; and determine the dune micro-topography slope direction according to the water vapor transmission direction.

[0108] The embodiment of the present invention provides a system for increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas to obtain atmospheric water. Its implementation principle and technical effects are the same as those of the aforementioned method embodiment. For the sake of brief description, parts not mentioned in this embodiment can be referred to the corresponding contents in the aforementioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0109] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems or computer program products, etc. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0110] It should be noted that the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct components, and by means of a suitably programmed computer.

[0111] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0112] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas to obtain atmospheric water, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Obtain meteorological data for desert areas; S2: Calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content based on the meteorological data, and draw a vector diagram of the water vapor flux and the water vapor content; S3: determining the water vapor transmission direction according to the vector diagram; S4: Determine the micro-topography slope of the sand dunes based on the water vapor transmission direction, adjust the sand dunes using the micro-topography slope of the sand dunes, and intercept atmospheric water.

2. The method for obtaining atmospheric water by increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the meteorological data obtained include: temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction.

3. The method for obtaining atmospheric water by increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the formula for calculating the water vapor flux and water vapor content based on the meteorological data includes: is=6.112×exp[(17.67×T) / (T +243.5)] Where Q represents water vapor flux; q represents specific humidity; u represents wind speed; p s represents the surface atmospheric pressure, p 100 It represents the atmospheric pressure 100m above the ground; p represents atmospheric pressure; g represents gravity constant; W represents water vapor content; e represents water vapor pressure; RH represents relative humidity; es represents saturated water vapor pressure; and T represents air temperature.

4. The method for obtaining atmospheric water by increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, according to the drawn vector diagram, when the proportion of water vapor flux or water vapor content in a certain wind direction interval reaches or exceeds a preset value, the wind direction interval is determined to be the water vapor transmission direction.

5. A method for obtaining atmospheric water by increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset value of water vapor flux or water vapor content in a certain wind direction range is 30%.

6. The method for obtaining atmospheric water by increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes: S5: Determine the location for vegetation restoration based on the micro-topography slope of the dunes and the observed reference dew volume, use grass grids to fix the quicksand on the dune surface, and sow sand-loving plants.

7. A system for increasing vegetation and soil in desert areas to obtain atmospheric water, characterized in that: When applied, the method for increasing vegetation and soil in a desert area to obtain atmospheric water according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented. The system comprises: a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a judgment module, wherein: The data acquisition module is used to acquire meteorological data in desert areas; The data processing module is used to calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor content according to the meteorological data, and draw vector diagrams of the water vapor flux and water vapor content; The judgment module is used to judge the water vapor transmission direction according to the vector diagram; and determine the dune micro-topography slope direction according to the water vapor transmission direction.

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