Analog quantity signal acquisition system and method for nuclear fusion test

Abstract

According to the analog quantity signal acquisition system and method for the nuclear fusion test, continuous and efficient operation of the signal processing module is ensured through stable power supply of the power supply module, and a solid foundation is laid for accurate acquisition of analog quantity signals. And the transmission module adopts a three-coaxial connector, so that simultaneous multi-path transmission of analog quantity signals is realized, and the reliability and efficiency of signal transmission are remarkably improved. Each signal processing module works independently, the signal intensity is accurately adjusted, the transmission path is intelligently selected, the signal quality is optimized through compensation gain, and the integrity and accuracy of signals in the transmission process are ensured. In addition, the signal is adjusted to a preset voltage range and converted into a digital signal, the frequency and the phase difference are accurately adjusted, and the stability and readability of the signal are further improved. And finally, the finely processed signal is efficiently stored and remotely transmitted, so that effective information support is provided for data analysis of the nuclear fusion test, and normal acquisition and efficient utilization of the analog quantity signal are effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of data acquisition, and in particular to a system and method for acquiring analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments. Background Art

[0002] In large-scale physical experiments, especially nuclear fusion experiments, it is usually necessary to measure analog signals of multiple physical sensor probes. The number of channels ranges from hundreds to thousands. The test process is usually a transient test, with hundreds to thousands of channels simultaneously sampling the electrical signals of hundreds to thousands of sensors in the transient physical process.

[0003] The characteristics of the device under test in large-scale physical experiments include strong electromagnetic interference, generation of high-voltage signals, and capture of high-speed transient signals. Signal acquisition requires extremely high synchronous sampling and triggering performance, differential measurement of high common-mode input, and no electrical coupling between channels. At the same time, for the acquisition module, its data should have data sampling and storage functions and data transmission functions. Therefore, how to form an acquisition system that can meet the acquisition scale of hundreds to thousands of channels to achieve the signal acquisition performance requirements during the nuclear fusion experiment and ensure the normal acquisition of analog signals has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to propose a system and method for collecting analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments, so as to solve or partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides an analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments, including: a power supply module, a transmission module and a plurality of independent signal processing modules;

[0006] The power supply module is configured to: send a power supply signal to the signal processing module, so as to supply power to the signal processing module through the power supply signal;

[0007] The transmission module is configured to: obtain analog signals collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and simultaneously transmit the analog signals to each signal processing module through a preset three-coaxial connector;

[0008] Each signal processing module is configured to: determine the attenuation of the analog signal, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, determine the target transmission path according to the comparison result between the frequency of the adjusted signal and a preset frequency threshold, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, determine the compensation gain of the adjusted signal, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, and adjust the frequency and phase difference between a preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, store the adjusted digital signal, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to a remote storage device through the transmission module, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

[0009] Based on the same inventive concept, the second aspect of the present application proposes a method for collecting analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments, which is applied to the collection system for analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments described in the first aspect, wherein the system includes a power supply module, a transmission module, and a plurality of mutually independent signal processing modules; the method includes:

[0010] Sending a power supply signal to the signal processing module through the power supply module, so as to power the signal processing module through the power supply signal;

[0011] The transmission module is used to obtain analog signals collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and the analog signals are simultaneously transmitted to each signal processing module through a preset three-coaxial connector;

[0012] For each signal processing module, the attenuation of the analog signal is determined by the signal processing module, the signal strength of the analog signal is adjusted according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, the target transmission path is determined according to the comparison result between the frequency of the adjusted signal and a preset frequency threshold, the adjusted signal is transmitted through the target transmission path, the compensation gain of the adjusted signal is determined, the compensated signal is compensated based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, and adjust the frequency and phase difference between a preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, store the adjusted digital signal, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to a remote storage device through the transmission module, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

[0013] As can be seen from the above, the acquisition system and method of analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments provided by the present application ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the signal processing module through the stable power supply of the power supply module, laying a solid foundation for the accurate acquisition of analog signals. The transmission module adopts a three-coaxial connector to realize the simultaneous multi-path transmission of analog signals, significantly improving the reliability and efficiency of signal transmission. Each signal processing module works independently, accurately adjusts the signal strength, intelligently selects the transmission path, and optimizes the signal quality by compensating the gain to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the signal during the transmission process. In addition, the signal is adjusted to a preset voltage range, converted into a digital signal, and the frequency and phase difference are accurately adjusted, further improving the stability and readability of the signal. Finally, the finely processed signal is efficiently stored and transmitted remotely, providing effective information support for the data analysis of nuclear fusion experiments, and effectively ensuring the normal acquisition and efficient use of analog signals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an attenuation impedance switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an input stage protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of waveforms generated by the input stage protection circuit of an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a composite ring of an input stage protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 7 A first schematic diagram of an intermediate conditioning circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 8 A second schematic diagram of the intermediate conditioning circuit of an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the output of the homologous clock of an embodiment of the present application after being isolated by a radio frequency transformer;

[0024] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of synchronization of sampling clock signals of four-way interleaved sampling according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a sampling signal of a four-way interleaved sampling clock according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a clock pulse of an analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of an expanded view of a channel cascade clock according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a memory chip of a storage unit interface generator according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a DC / DC isolated power supply in a signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a working scenario of an analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of an analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.18This is a flow chart of a method for collecting analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments according to an embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0035] It is understandable that before using the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present application, the type, scope of use, usage scenarios, etc. of the personal information involved will be informed to the user in an appropriate manner, and the user's authorization will be obtained.

[0036] For example, in response to receiving an active request from a user, a prompt message is sent to the user to clearly remind the user that the operation requested to be performed will require obtaining and using the user's personal information. Thus, the user can independently choose whether to provide personal information to the electronic device, application, server, storage medium or other software or hardware that performs the operation of the technical solution of the present application according to the prompt message.

[0037] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, in response to receiving the user's active request, the prompt information may be sent to the user in the form of a pop-up window, in which the prompt information may be presented in text form. In addition, the pop-up window may also carry a selection control for the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0038] It is understandable that the above notification and the process of obtaining user authorization are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the implementation method of this application. Other methods that meet relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation method of this application.

[0039] In large-scale physical experiments, especially nuclear fusion experiments, it is usually necessary to measure analog signals of multiple physical sensor probes. The number of channels ranges from hundreds to thousands. The test process is usually a transient test, with hundreds to thousands of channels simultaneously sampling the electrical signals of hundreds to thousands of sensors in the transient physical process.

[0040] The characteristics of the device under test in large-scale physical experiments include strong electromagnetic interference, generation of high-voltage signals, and capture of high-speed transient signals. Signal acquisition requires extremely high synchronous sampling and triggering performance, differential measurement of high common-mode input, and no electrical coupling between channels. At the same time, for the acquisition module, its data should have data sampling and storage functions and data transmission functions.

[0041] Therefore, under the above premise, how to obtain an acquisition module with differential signal input, electrical isolation between channels, high-precision synchronization design, sampling data storage, high bandwidth and high sampling rate, high resolution, and fiber optic transmission function with resistance to electromagnetic interference, which meets the characteristics of large physical test devices such as nuclear fusion, and can form an acquisition system with hundreds to thousands of channels through the combination of modules, has become a key issue.

[0042] Figure 1 The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiment according to the embodiment of the present application is shown, including: a power supply module 110, a transmission module 120 and a plurality of mutually independent signal processing modules 130;

[0043] The power supply module 110 is configured to: send a power supply signal to the signal processing module 120, so as to supply power to the signal processing module 120 through the power supply signal;

[0044] The transmission module 120 is configured to: obtain analog signals collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and simultaneously transmit the analog signals to each signal processing module 130 through a preset three-coaxial connector;

[0045] Each signal processing module 130 is configured to: determine the attenuation of the analog signal, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, determine the target transmission path according to the comparison result between the frequency of the adjusted signal and a preset frequency threshold, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, determine the compensation gain of the adjusted signal, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, and adjust the frequency and phase difference between a preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, store the adjusted digital signal, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module 120, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to a remote storage device through the transmission module 120, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

[0046] During specific implementation, the power supply module 110 sends a power supply signal to the signal processing module 130 to ensure that the signal processing module 130 can operate normally, and further realize the normal operation of the acquisition system through a stable power supply.

[0047] The transmission module 120 obtains analog signals (which may be analog signals of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and current) from the target nuclear fusion test device, and simultaneously transmits these signals to each signal processing module 130 through a preset three-coaxial connector. It serves as a bridge for data transmission to ensure that the signals can be accurately transmitted to the signal processing modules.

[0048] Each signal processing module 130 determines the attenuation of the signal during the transmission process, and adjusts the signal strength according to the attenuation to optimize the signal quality.

[0049] Then, the appropriate transmission path is selected based on the comparison between the frequency of the adjusted signal and the preset frequency threshold. Then, the compensation gain of the adjusted signal is calculated and the signal is compensated to further improve the signal quality.

[0050] The compensated signal is adjusted to a preset voltage threshold range to ensure that the signal can be correctly identified and processed. The compensated analog signal is converted into a digital signal for subsequent digital signal processing.

[0051] The frequency and phase difference between the digital signal and the preset reference clock signal are adjusted to within the preset phase difference threshold range to ensure the synchronization and accuracy of the signal. The adjusted digital signal is then stored locally.

[0052] The adjusted digital signal is transmitted to a remote storage device through the transmission module 120 for long-term storage and analysis.

[0053] The purpose of the entire system is to collect analog signals from nuclear fusion test devices, and after a series of processing and optimization, store high-quality digital signals remotely for subsequent data analysis and research. Such a system is crucial for nuclear fusion research because it can provide accurate and reliable data support, help better understand the nuclear fusion process, and promote the development of related technologies.

[0054] Through the above scheme, the stable power supply of the power supply module ensures the continuous and efficient operation of the signal processing module, laying a solid foundation for the accurate acquisition of analog signals. The transmission module adopts a three-coaxial connector to realize the simultaneous multi-path transmission of analog signals, significantly improving the reliability and efficiency of signal transmission. Each signal processing module works independently, accurately adjusts the signal strength, intelligently selects the transmission path, and optimizes the signal quality through compensation gain to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the signal during transmission. In addition, the signal is adjusted to the preset voltage range, converted into a digital signal, and the frequency and phase difference are accurately adjusted, further improving the stability and readability of the signal. Finally, the finely processed signal is efficiently stored and transmitted remotely, providing effective information support for the data analysis of nuclear fusion experiments, and effectively ensuring the normal acquisition and efficient use of analog signals.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, each of the signal processing modules 130 includes a preset number of sampling channels, and each sampling channel includes: an attenuation impedance switching circuit 131, an input stage protection circuit 132, an intermediate conditioning circuit 133, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134, a clock phase-locked circuit 135 and a storage unit 136;

[0056] The attenuation impedance switching circuit 131 is configured to: determine the attenuation of the analog signal, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit 132;

[0057] The input stage protection circuit 132 is configured to: determine a target transmission path according to a comparison result between the frequency of the adjusted signal and a preset frequency threshold, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, and transmit the adjusted signal to the intermediate conditioning circuit 133;

[0058] The intermediate conditioning circuit 133 is configured to: determine a compensation gain of the regulated signal, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to regulate the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, and transmit the compensated signal to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134;

[0059] The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134 is configured to: convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, and transmit the digital signal to the clock phase-locked circuit 135;

[0060] The clock phase-locked circuit 135 is configured to: adjust the frequency and phase difference between the preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the storage unit 136;

[0061] The storage unit 136 is configured to store the adjusted digital signal and transmit it to a remote storage device, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

[0062] In specific implementation, the attenuation impedance switching circuit 131 determines a suitable attenuation amount according to the strength or requirement of the analog signal. Then, the analog signal is adjusted in strength according to the attenuation amount to obtain an adjusted signal. The adjusted signal is then transmitted to the input stage protection circuit 132.

[0063] The input stage protection circuit 132 checks the frequency of the conditioned signal and compares it with a preset frequency threshold. Based on the comparison result, a suitable transmission path is selected to transmit the conditioned signal. The purpose of selecting the path can be to protect the circuit from damage caused by too high or too low frequency signals, or to optimize the transmission efficiency of the signal. After the path is selected, the conditioned signal is transmitted to the intermediate conditioning circuit 133.

[0064] The intermediate conditioning circuit 133 determines the compensation gain of the conditioned signal, which may be determined based on certain characteristics of the signal (such as amplitude, frequency, etc.). The signal is then compensated using this gain to obtain a compensated signal. The compensated signal is conditioned to a preset voltage threshold range to ensure signal stability and accuracy. The processed signal is then transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134.

[0065] The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134 converts the compensated analog signal into a digital signal. This conversion process is crucial for subsequent processing and analysis of the signal.

[0066] The clock phase-locked circuit 135 compares the preset reference clock signal with the digital signal and adjusts the frequency and phase difference between them to ensure that the difference between them is within a preset phase difference threshold range. This process helps to maintain the synchronization and stability of the signal.

[0067] The digital signals adjusted by the clock phase-locked circuit 135 are then received and stored by the storage unit 136. These signals are then transmitted to a remote storage device for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0068] In summary, this signal processing system converts analog signals into stable and accurate digital signals through a series of preprocessing, adjustment and protection measures, and finally stores them in remote storage devices.

[0069] Among them, Figure 2 As shown, each of the signal processing modules 130 also includes a high voltage (low voltage) DC power supply converted into a low voltage (high voltage) DC (DC / DC) isolated power supply, such as Fig.15 As shown, the isolated power supply part includes a digital isolated power supply, an analog isolated power supply, a trigger isolated power supply, a digital load point power supply, an analog LDO power supply, a magnetic bead, a choke and a filter inductor.

[0070] The 12V power supply is output by the power module part of the acquisition module, and enters the four isolated power modules of 12V-5V and 12V-6V after passing through the choke. Among them, the 12V-5V module is a digital isolated power module, and the 12V-6V is an analog isolated power module.

[0071] The isolated power supply to the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is adjusted to the various sub-power outputs suitable for the FPGA power supply system through the load point power supply module, and then input into the FPGA module after passing through the magnetic beads. The load point power supply module is a non-isolated switching power supply that can provide a large current at low voltage and is suitable for FPGA system power supply.

[0072] The isolated power supply to the analog front end (AFE) circuit is output by a low dropout linear regulator (LDO) and then goes to the AFE front end circuit through a filter inductor. After passing through the LDO, the analog front end circuit can obtain a smaller power supply ripple, and the input 6V to 5V voltage difference is small, ensuring the power conversion efficiency.

[0073] The isolated power supply to the trigger circuit supplies power to the trigger circuit.

[0074] In addition, if Figure 2As shown, each of the signal processing modules 130 further includes an FPGA, a photoelectric conversion module and an isolation trigger circuit.

[0075] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the attenuation impedance switching circuit 131 includes: a first resistor 1311, a second resistor 1312, a third resistor 1313, a first relay 1314 and a second relay 1315, the first resistor 1311, the second resistor 1312 and the third resistor 1313 are arranged in parallel, one end of the first relay 1314 is connected to the first resistor 1311, the second resistor 1312 and the third resistor 1313 arranged in parallel, the other end of the first relay 1314 is used to receive the analog signal transmitted by the transmission module 120, one end of the second relay 1315 is used to receive the analog signal transmitted by the transmission module 120, and the other end of the second relay 1315 is used to transmit the analog signal;

[0076] The first resistor 1311 is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the second resistor 1312 and the third resistor 1313, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit 132;

[0077] The second resistor 1312 is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the first resistor 1311 and the third resistor 1313, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit 132;

[0078] The third resistor 1313 is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the first resistor 1311 and the second resistor 1312, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit 132;

[0079] The first relay 1314 is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the first resistor 1311, the second resistor 1312 and the third resistor 1313 which are arranged in parallel, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit 132;

[0080] The second relay 1315 is configured to receive the analog signal transmitted by the transmission module 120 , and transmit the analog signal to the input stage protection circuit 132 .

[0081] In a specific implementation, the first resistor 1311 , the second resistor 1312 , and the third resistor 1313 jointly determine the attenuation of the analog signal.

[0082] The combination of resistors forms a voltage divider circuit, thereby attenuating the input analog signal. The attenuation amount depends on the specific resistance values ​​of the three resistors.

[0083] The signal strength of the analog signal is adjusted according to the attenuation amount to obtain an adjusted signal, and the adjusted signal is transmitted to the input stage protection circuit.

[0084] The second resistor also determines the attenuation of the analog signal together with the first resistor 1311 and the third resistor 1313. Similar to the first resistor 1311, a voltage divider circuit is formed by the resistor combination.

[0085] The analog signal is strength-adjusted and the adjusted signal is transmitted to the input stage protection circuit 132 .

[0086] The third resistor 1313 together with the first resistor 1311 and the second resistor 1312 determines the attenuation of the analog signal. The analog signal is adjusted by voltage division through the resistor combination and transmitted to the input stage protection circuit 132 .

[0087] The first relay 1314 controls the connection of the first resistor 1311, the second resistor 1312 and the third resistor 1313 connected in parallel, thereby determining the attenuation of the analog signal. The resistors can be selectively connected or disconnected through the on / off state of the relay, thereby changing the attenuation.

[0088] The analog signal is adjusted according to the attenuation amount, and the adjusted signal is transmitted to the input stage protection circuit 132 .

[0089] Receives analog signals from the transmission module and transmits them directly to the input stage protection circuit 132. As a switch for signal transmission, when the relay is closed, the analog signal is allowed to pass.

[0090] The received analog signal is directly transmitted to the input stage protection circuit 132 without any attenuation or adjustment.

[0091] The input stage protection circuit 132 protects subsequent circuits from being damaged by excessively high or low voltage / current, and ensures that the amplitude of the input signal is within a safe range by designing a specific circuit structure (such as a current limiting resistor, a fuse, a voltage regulator, etc.).

[0092] In summary, the system realizes flexible adjustment and protection of analog signals through the combination of resistors and relays, ensuring the safe transmission and processing of signals.

[0093] In addition, if Figure 3 As shown, the input signal (ie, analog signal) passes through relays K1A and K1B (ie, the first relay 1314), K2A and K2B (ie, the second relay 1315), forming three topological forms of floating input, direct input, and attenuated input.

[0094] R1 (i.e., the first resistor 1311), R2 (i.e., the second resistor 1312), and R3 (i.e., the third resistor 1313) form an attenuation network, and the power is greater than 5W.

[0095] Relay K3 sets the terminating resistance to 50Ω or high resistance (i.e. R4)

[0096] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the input stage protection circuit 132 includes: an operational amplifier 1321 and a capacitor 1322, wherein the operational amplifier 1321 is connected to the capacitor 1322;

[0097] The operational amplifier 1321 is configured to receive the adjusted signal transmitted by the attenuation impedance switching circuit 131, compare the frequency of the adjusted signal with a preset frequency threshold to obtain a comparison result, and in response to the comparison result that the frequency of the adjusted signal is less than the preset frequency threshold, generate an isolation signal of the capacitor 1322, and send the isolation signal to the capacitor 1322, determine that the transmission path of the two preset transmission paths that is not connected to the capacitor 1322 is the target transmission path, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, and transmit the adjusted signal to the intermediate conditioning circuit 133; or, in response to the comparison result that the frequency of the adjusted signal is greater than or equal to the preset frequency threshold, generate a through signal of the capacitor 1322, and send the through signal to the capacitor 1322, determine that the transmission path of the two preset transmission paths that is connected to the capacitor 1322 is the target transmission path, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, and transmit the adjusted signal to the intermediate conditioning circuit 133;

[0098] The capacitor 1322 is configured to control the capacitor 1322 to pass the regulated signal based on the pass-through signal, and to control the capacitor 1322 to isolate the regulated signal based on the isolation signal.

[0099] In a specific implementation, in this system, the operational amplifier 1321 first receives the regulated signal transmitted from the attenuated impedance switching circuit 131. The regulated signal may be a signal that has been amplitude-adjusted or otherwise preliminarily processed.

[0100] Next, the operational amplifier 1321 compares the frequency of the adjusted signal with a preset frequency threshold value, which is used to determine whether the signal needs further frequency adjustment (such as filtering or decoupling through capacitors).

[0101] According to the comparison result, the operational amplifier 1321 generates a corresponding control signal (a pass-through signal or an isolation signal) and sends it to the capacitor 1322 .

[0102] If the frequency of the regulated signal is less than a preset frequency threshold, the operational amplifier 1321 generates an isolation signal and sends it to the capacitor 1322. This signal indicates that the capacitor 1322 needs to isolate (ie, not pass) the current regulated signal.

[0103] If the frequency of the regulated signal is greater than or equal to the preset frequency threshold, the operational amplifier 1321 generates a pass-through signal and sends it to the capacitor 1322. This signal indicates that the capacitor 1322 needs to pass through (ie, transmit) the current regulated signal.

[0104] The capacitor 1322 determines whether to pass the regulated signal according to the received control signal (the through signal or the isolation signal).

[0105] If a pass-through signal is received, capacitor 1322 will be in a pass-through state, allowing the conditioned signal to pass through.

[0106] If an isolation signal is received, capacitor 1322 will be in an isolation state, preventing the conditioned signal from passing through.

[0107] The system presets two transmission paths, one of which contains capacitors and the other does not.

[0108] Based on the control signal generated by operational amplifier 1321 and the state of the capacitor, the system selects a target transmission path to transmit the conditioned signal.

[0109] If the capacitor 1322 is in a through state, a transmission path including the capacitor 1322 is selected; if the capacitor 1322 is in an isolated state, a transmission path not including the capacitor 1322 is selected.

[0110] The conditioned signal is transmitted to the intermediate conditioning circuit 133 via the selected target transmission path for further processing or analysis.

[0111] In summary, this system dynamically controls the pass-through or isolation state of capacitor 1322 by judging the signal frequency through operational amplifier 1321, thereby selecting a suitable transmission path to transmit the regulated signal to ensure signal quality and processing efficiency.

[0112] The input stage principle is as follows:

[0113] The channel input buffer is composed of an input signal Signal_In (ie, a regulated signal) and two paths, FH_PATH (ie, a transmission path connected to the capacitor 1322 ) and FL_PATH (ie, a transmission path not connected to the capacitor 1322 ).

[0114] For low frequency signals, C1 (i.e. capacitor 1322) will isolate them. The low frequency signal drives the diamond buffer output through FL_PATH. Its pole is the pole of U1 (i.e. operational amplifier 1321), and the gain is (R3 / R4) / (R2 / R1).

[0115] For high-frequency signals, C1 will pass them directly, and the high-frequency signal will drive the diamondbuffer output through FH_PATH. Its pole is the pole formed by C1 and Rin, and the gain is the follower gain G.

[0116] When the high-frequency pole fh<<low-frequency pole fl is satisfied, a flat frequency response region with full bandwidth can be obtained by compounding.

[0117] The protection principle is as follows:

[0118] for Figure 4 If there is a large differential input voltage in Signal_In, the points that need to be protected are Ra and IN.

[0119] Obviously, point Ra is the low-frequency input point. It is the voltage dividing point of resistors R3 and R4 (1MΩ), and the voltage dividing ratio is 9:1.

[0120] For point Ra, it is obvious to select resistors R3 and R4 as standard resistors with a withstand voltage of 250V, so that a maximum of 10V can be input to U1 (ie, operational amplifier 1321) above 100V.

[0121] Generally, an input voltage of about 10V / 10ms will not cause damage to the input-stage protection circuit of U1 (ie, operational amplifier 1321).

[0122] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the IN point is the AC input point. If a 100V excitation is applied, the waveform on the left will be generated at the IN point.

[0123] The waveform is a sharp pulse followed by a drop. The IN point does not maintain a long-term high voltage, and the voltage decays exponentially over time.

[0124] Therefore, the input stage using a composite loop solution has certain advantages in high voltage protection.

[0125] For the protection of IN point, the circuit is as follows Figure 6 As shown, D2 and D3 are diodes with low junction capacitance. They are reverse biased in the normal working room and only provide a capacitance effect of a few pF, which has little effect on the bandwidth.

[0126] For AC differential voltages higher than the power rail, D2 or D3 will be forward biased, directing excess energy into the transient voltage suppressor (TVS) tube of D1 for absorption. D1 is a high-wattage TVS tube.

[0127] Although D1 has large junction capacitance and leakage, it does not participate in the high-speed path and therefore has no effect on bandwidth.

[0128] In some embodiments, Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the intermediate conditioning circuit 133 includes: at least one fully differential amplifier 1331 and at least one digital variable gain amplifier 1332, one end of the fully differential amplifier 1331 is connected to the input stage protection circuit 132, the other end of the fully differential amplifier 1331 is connected to the digital variable gain amplifier 1332, one end of the digital variable gain amplifier 1332 is connected to the fully differential amplifier 1331, and the other end of the digital variable gain amplifier 1332 is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134;

[0129] The fully differential amplifier 1331 is configured to receive the regulated signal transmitted by the input stage protection circuit 132 and determine the compensation gain of the regulated signal in combination with the digital variable gain amplifier 1332;

[0130] The digital variable gain amplifier 1332 is configured to determine the compensation gain of the adjusted signal in combination with the fully differential amplifier 1331, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to a preset voltage threshold range, and transmit the compensated signal to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134.

[0131] In a specific implementation, the fully differential amplifier 1331 receives two differential input signals (i.e., a positive input and a negative input) and generates an amplified differential output signal. This design helps to reduce noise and interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.

[0132] The fully differential amplifier 1331 (FDA) receives the regulated signal from the input stage protection circuit 132. The input stage protection circuit 132 is used to protect the subsequent circuit from the impact of excessive voltage or current. The fully differential amplifier 1331 not only amplifies this signal, but also works with other components (especially the digital variable gain amplifier) ​​to determine and apply the appropriate compensation gain.

[0133] The digital variable gain amplifier 1332 (DVGA) is an amplifier that can adjust its gain according to a digital control signal, which means that its amplification factor can be dynamically adjusted as needed.

[0134] The DVGA works with the fully differential amplifier 1331 to determine the compensation gain of the conditioned signal. The compensation gain is determined based on the characteristics of the signal and the system requirements in order to optimize the amplitude of the signal so that it is within the appropriate operating range for subsequent processing circuits (such as the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134). Once the compensation gain is determined, the DVGA applies this gain to compensate the signal to produce a compensated signal.

[0135] The purpose of the compensated signal is to adjust it to a preset voltage threshold range to ensure that the signal can be processed accurately and efficiently in subsequent processing (such as analog-to-digital conversion).

[0136] Once the signal is compensated and adjusted to the appropriate voltage range, it is transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit 134. The ADC is responsible for converting the analog signal into a digital signal for further digital processing or analysis.

[0137] In summary, this system achieves precise adjustment and gain compensation of the input signal through the coordinated work of the fully differential amplifier 1331 and the digital variable gain amplifier 1332, thereby ensuring the quality and accuracy of the signal in subsequent processing.

[0138] like Figure 7 As shown, the intermediate stage conditioning circuit 133 is composed of a fully differential amplifier 1331 and a DVGA digital programmable gain amplifier (ie, a digital variable gain amplifier 1332).

[0139] Compared with the input channel DAQ500S24), the input channel FDA of DAQ2000S24 has a bandwidth of 8GHz.

[0140] Compared with the input channel DAQ500S24), the input channel of DAQ2000S24 upgrades the voltage control amplifier (VCA) to DVGA with a bandwidth of 4.5GHz.

[0141] In addition to the signal bandwidth improvement, DVGA uses a serial peripheral interface (SPI) (such as Figure 7 Compared with VCA which uses analog signal control, digital control is less susceptible to interference from the instability of the analog voltage.

[0142] For applications with a sampling rate of 500 MHz, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has a sampling rate of 500 MHz.

[0143] like Figure 8 As shown, for an application with a sampling rate of 500MHz, the ADC has a sampling rate of 500Mhz.

[0144] For applications with a sampling rate of 1 GHz, ADC#1 and ADC#2 are used for interleaved sampling.

[0145] For applications with a sampling rate of 2 GHz, ADC#1, ADC#2, ADC#3 and ADC#4 are used for interleaved sampling.

[0146] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the clock phase-locked circuit 135 includes: a clock buffer 1351 and a phase-locked loop 1352.

[0147] The clock buffer 1351 and the phase-locked loop 1352 are arranged in series, one end of the clock buffer 1351 and the phase-locked loop 1352 arranged in series is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134, and the other end of the clock buffer 1351 and the phase-locked loop 1352 arranged in series is connected to the transmission module 120;

[0148] The clock buffer 1351 is configured to send a preset reference clock signal to the phase-locked loop 1352;

[0149] The phase-locked loop 1352 is configured to receive the digital signal transmitted by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134, adjust the frequency and phase difference between the preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the storage unit 136.

[0150] In a specific implementation, the clock buffer 1351 (ClockBuffer) buffers a stable, preset reference clock signal (ie, amplifies or maintains the signal strength), and then sends it to other circuits or components that require a clock signal.

[0151] In this system, the clock buffer 1351 ensures the stability and accuracy of the reference clock signal, which is crucial for the subsequent phase-locked loop 1352 to perform frequency and phase adjustments.

[0152] A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a circuit that automatically adjusts the frequency and phase of its output signal to match an input reference signal. It typically includes a phase detector, a low-pass filter (or loop filter), a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and a frequency divider (in some designs).

[0153] In this system, the phase-locked loop 1352 receives the digital signal from the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134 and compares the frequency and phase of the digital signal with a preset reference clock signal. By adjusting (usually increasing or decreasing the output frequency of the VCO), the phase-locked loop 1352 attempts to reduce the frequency and phase difference between the two signals to within a preset phase difference threshold range. Once this range is reached, the phase-locked loop considers that it has "locked" the frequency and phase of the input signal and transmits the adjusted digital signal to the storage unit 136.

[0154] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 134 converts an analog signal (such as voltage or current) into a digital signal. This conversion process usually involves sampling and quantization.

[0155] In this system, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134 converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and then transmits the digital signal to the phase-locked loop 1352 for further processing.

[0156] The storage unit 136 may be any form of storage device, such as a register, a memory chip or a hard disk, etc., for storing and processing data.

[0157] In this system, the storage unit 136 receives the conditioned digital signal from the phase locked loop 1352 and may further process or store it.

[0158] In summary, this system provides a stable reference clock signal through the clock buffer 1351, converts the analog signal into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 134, and then adjusts the frequency and phase of the digital signal to match the reference clock signal through the phase-locked loop 1352. Finally, the adjusted digital signal is sent to the storage unit 136 for further processing or storage.

[0159] The acquisition system is isolated from each other, and each acquisition channel is powered separately and has no common ground. Therefore, the clock synchronization design first considers the isolation of the clock.

[0160] The output of the oscillator OSC-OUT1 and oscillator OSC-OUT2 after isolation by RF transformer is as follows: Fig. 9 shown.

[0161] It can be seen that the output homologous clock signal is stable. As long as the coaxial cables are of equal length, the clock signal deviation (Tskew) is a fixed value. At this time, the difference between the homologous clock channels is much less than 100ps.

[0162] The homologous clock signal transmitted by the RF transformer is a 20 MHz reference clock CLK_REF.

[0163] The RF transformer converts the unbalanced transmission clock signal to a balanced transmission signal, and the phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer selected in the scheme can input balanced clock signals such as AC-coupled sinewave and square wave.

[0164] like Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown in the figure, TCXO is a temperature compensated crystal oscillator, which is connected in series with a specially wound RF transformer and a PLL phase-locked loop to achieve PLL clock synchronization. Each PLL can provide four sets of interleaved sampling signals for the sampling channel where the PLL is located. The maximum frequency of each sampling signal is 500MHz, so the 4-way interleaved sampling clock can theoretically provide a maximum sampling rate of 2Gsps.

[0165] Therefore, the sampling module clock is as intense as Fig.12 As shown, four 500MSa / s ADCs are used for interleaved sampling, not because a single-chip 2GSa / s design is impossible.

[0166] Rather, in order to meet the needs of DC (direct current) + AC (alternating current) input signal acquisition, clock isolation is necessary.

[0167] The isolated transmission signal is transmitted on the coaxial cable. The 500MHz signal has lower engineering requirements than the 2GHz signal and has more tolerance for the printed circuit board (PCB) and process.

[0168] At the same time, stacking the same 500MHz mature design solution is more conducive to improving product maturity and commercialization.

[0169] Therefore, the expanded diagram of the channel cascade clock is as follows Fig.13As shown (taking 4 channels as an example), by connecting PLLs in series and decomposing the high-speed sampling rate into 4 low-speed interleaved sampling clocks, the clock end faces are aligned (avoiding the deviation of the divided clock caused by the asynchronous synchronization signal) while also avoiding the signal integrity problem caused by transmitting the high-speed clock on the coaxial line.

[0170] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the storage unit 136 includes a storage unit interface generator, one end of the storage unit interface generator is connected to the clock phase-locked circuit 135, and the other end of the storage unit interface generator is connected to the transmission module 120;

[0171] The storage unit interface generator is configured to receive the adjusted digital signal transmitted by the clock phase-locked circuit 135 , convert the adjusted digital signal into a preset memory format for storage, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module 120 .

[0172] During specific implementation, the storage unit interface generator receives the adjusted digital signal transmitted from the clock phase-locked circuit 135 .

[0173] The memory cell interface generator then converts these adjusted digital signals into a specific memory format (such as DDR3). This format is usually preset, meaning it is predefined by the system or storage device to ensure that data can be stored and read correctly and efficiently.

[0174] The converted data is then stored in memory or storage media for later use or processing.

[0175] In addition to the storage function, the storage unit interface generator is also responsible for sending those conditioned digital signals to another component in the system, namely the transmission module 120.

[0176] The transport module 120 is also responsible for sending data to other parts of the system, such as another processor, an external device, or another computer on a network.

[0177] It ensures the fluidity and availability of data in the system, making it possible to process, analyze and share data.

[0178] In summary, the storage unit interface generator is a multifunctional component that not only ensures that data is stored in the correct format, but also facilitates the flow and transmission of data within the system. This design helps improve the overall efficiency and reliability of the system and ensures data integrity and availability.

[0179] like Fig.14As shown, the memory chip (MT41K256M16-125) of the storage unit interface generator is: row [14:0], column [9:0], BANK [2:0], data bit width [15:0], so the maximum clock rate is 1000 / 1.25 = 800MHz.

[0180] Rate: 800MHz*16bit*2=25600Mbit / s=3.125GB / s, the memory interface generator (MIG) controller is responsible for converting the field programmable gate array (FPGA) on-chip bus (512bit width) to a 64bit memory format, namely double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR), and performing read and write control.

[0181] The 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is processed by 16-bit data units, and the original ADC data occupies 0 to 11 bits.

[0182] The trigger signal shape is encoded into 12 and 13 bits, and the data check is encoded into 14 and 15 bits using the bit expansion coding technology.

[0183] The bit expansion coding technology can encode data sampling and trigger sampling under one sampling clock, minimizing the acquisition deviation caused by different clock domains within the FPGA chip.

[0184] The maximum internal bus width of FPGA can process 250MHz / 512bit data.

[0185] Since the ADC interleaving acquisition rate is 2 GHz and the single chip sampling speed is 500 MHz, each ADC converts the data into 4 16-bit data through the serial-to-parallel module and assembles them into a software package.

[0186] Through this method, the FPGA on-chip processing bandwidth is 125MHz@256bit, and the on-chip bandwidth can meet the design requirements.

[0187] The 256M16 DDR storage structure can meet the write speed of 1GB / s per point (16bit) when the DDR working clock is 500MHz.

[0188] Typically the clock rate of MT41K256M16-125 is 800MHz.

[0189] 800M*16*2=25600Mbit / s=3.125GB / s, which fully meets the design requirements of 4 ADCs.

[0190] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the transmission module 120 includes: a triaxial connector 121 and a fiber optic connector assembly 122, one end of the triaxial connector 121 is connected to the input end of the signal processing module 130, the other end of the triaxial connector 121 is connected to the target nuclear fusion test device, one end of the fiber optic connector assembly 122 is connected to the output end of the signal processing module 130, and the other end of the fiber optic connector assembly 122 is connected to the remote storage device;

[0191] The three-coaxial connector 121 is configured to obtain analog signals collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and transmit the analog signals to each signal processing module 130 simultaneously through the preset three-coaxial connector 121;

[0192] The optical fiber connector assembly 122 is configured to store the adjusted digital signal and transmit it to a remote storage device, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

[0193] In specific implementation, the three-coaxial connector 121 is used to collect analog signals from the target nuclear fusion test device. Analog signals refer to electrical signals converted from continuously changing physical quantities (such as temperature, pressure, current, etc.).

[0194] The collected analog signals are simultaneously transmitted to multiple signal processing modules through the preset three-coaxial connector 121. Due to its structural characteristics (usually including an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a shielding layer), the three-coaxial connector 121 can provide excellent signal isolation and anti-interference capabilities to ensure the quality and integrity of the signal during transmission.

[0195] Simultaneous transmission to each signal processing module means that this connector supports parallel processing, which can significantly improve the efficiency and speed of signal processing.

[0196] The fiber optic connector assembly 122 is responsible for processing the conditioned (possibly amplified, filtered, format converted, etc.) digital signal.

[0197] The conditioned digital signals are first stored in a portion of the fiber optic connector assembly 122 (possibly a buffer or a temporary storage device), and then the signals are transmitted to a remote storage device via optical fiber.

[0198] The use of optical fiber transmission has many advantages, such as high speed, long distance, low loss and strong anti-interference ability, etc. This ensures that high-quality digital signals can be reliably transmitted to remote storage devices for subsequent analysis, processing and long-term storage.

[0199] Remote storage is a storage device located far away from the signal acquisition and processing site for long-term storage and processing of conditioned digital signals. This helps to access and analyze these signals anytime when needed.

[0200] In summary, these two components together constitute an efficient and reliable signal acquisition, processing and storage system, which is particularly suitable for application scenarios such as nuclear fusion experiments that are complex and have extremely high requirements for signal quality.

[0201] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the power supply module 110 includes: a switching power supply and an input filter, the switching power supply is connected to the input filter, one end of the input filter is connected to the switching power supply, and the other end of the input filter is connected to the signal processing module 130;

[0202] The switching power supply is configured to generate an initial power supply signal and transmit the initial power supply signal to the input filter;

[0203] The input filter is configured to filter the initial power supply signal to obtain a power supply signal, and send the power supply signal to the signal processing module 130 so as to power the signal processing module 130 through the power supply signal.

[0204] In a specific implementation, the switching power supply is configured to generate an initial power supply signal, which is the first step for the power supply system to start working and provide power for subsequent circuits or modules.

[0205] The generated initial power supply signal is then transmitted to the input filter. The input filter filters the initial power supply signal received from the switching power supply. The purpose of filtering is to remove clutter, noise or other unwanted frequency components in the signal to ensure the purity and stability of the signal.

[0206] After filtering, the input filter outputs a more stable and pure power supply signal, and the power supply signal is sent to the signal processing module 130 through the input filter.

[0207] The signal processing module 130 receives a power supply signal from the input filter, and the power supply signal is used to provide the signal processing module 130 with the required electrical energy so that it can work normally. The normal operation of the signal processing module 130 depends on a stable power supply.

[0208] In summary, this process describes a complete power supply and signal processing flow: the switching power supply generates an initial power supply signal, the input filter filters the signal to remove unnecessary noise and interference, and finally obtains a stable power supply signal for use by the signal processing module 130. Such a design helps ensure that the signal processing module 130 can receive clean and stable power, thereby maintaining its normal and efficient working state.

[0209] In some embodiments, the working scenario diagram of the present application is as follows Fig.16 As shown in the figure, the working scene diagram explains:

[0210] Seven acquisition modules (i.e., the acquisition system for analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments) are placed vertically in the laboratory, with the rightmost end being the device to be tested for the nuclear fusion experiment (i.e., the target nuclear fusion experiment device). The data sampled by the acquisition module is transmitted to the optical switching network of the storage and control computer in the shielded room through optical fiber, and finally stored in the storage and control computer (i.e., the remote storage device). At the same time, the storage and control computer initiates various control instructions to the seven acquisition modules in the network through optical fiber.

[0211] The schematic diagram of the acquisition module (i.e., the acquisition system for analog signals of nuclear fusion experiments) is as follows: Fig.17 shown.

[0212] The acquisition module (i.e., the acquisition system for analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments) consists of five parts: a power supply module, 12 single modules, a trigger input connector assembly, a fiber optic connector assembly, and an acquisition signal input connector assembly. Each of the 12 single modules consists of 2 channels. Therefore, the acquisition module has a total of 24 channels. The overall structure also has a metal frame chassis structure, a heat dissipation cold plate, a centrifugal fan, etc. Among them, each single module consisting of 2 channels is a signal processing module, and the trigger input connector assembly, the fiber optic connector assembly, and the acquisition signal input connector assembly constitute a transmission module.

[0213] The functions of each module and component in the acquisition module are as follows:

[0214] Power supply module: The power supply module consists of an input filter and a switching power supply, and supplies power to all channel circuits in all single modules.

[0215] Single module: Two acquisition channel circuits are installed in a single module, which is packaged through a heat dissipation cold plate. 12 single modules are placed inside the acquisition module.

[0216] Channel: Channels are installed inside a single module, in groups of two, and are the core circuit of the acquisition module. They can perform analog signal conditioning, triggering, quantization, storage, and optical fiber transmission on signals.

[0217] Trigger input assembly: The trigger input assembly consists of a three-coaxial connector and a three-coaxial cable, which can send an external 5V-TTL level trigger signal to the trigger input of all channels at the same time.

[0218] Optical fiber connector assembly: The sampling data stored in the channel is transmitted to a remote control storage computer (ie, remote storage device) through the optical fiber connector assembly.

[0219] Each channel has the functions of AC / DC sampling, quantization, storage, optical fiber transmission, and inter-channel isolation, and multiple channels are synthesized into a single module and constitute a collection unit of a sampling module.

[0220] The channels are synchronized by using constant temperature crystal oscillator and series PLL phase-locked tracking technology.

[0221] The front end of the channel adopts a composite loop design to meet the bandwidth requirements while satisfying the voltage withstand characteristics of the differential voltage input of nuclear fusion physics experiments.

[0222] Based on the same inventive concept, Fig.18 As shown, an embodiment of the present application proposes a method for collecting analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments, which is applied to a system for collecting analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments in any of the above embodiments, wherein the system includes a power supply module, a transmission module, and a plurality of mutually independent signal processing modules; the method includes:

[0223] Step 1801: Send a power supply signal to the signal processing module through the power supply module, so as to power the signal processing module through the power supply signal.

[0224] Step 1802: Use the transmission module to obtain the analog signal collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and transmit the analog signal to each signal processing module simultaneously through a preset three-coaxial connector.

[0225] Step 1803, for each signal processing module, determine the attenuation of the analog signal through the signal processing module, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, determine the target transmission path according to the comparison result between the frequency of the adjusted signal and a preset frequency threshold, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, determine the compensation gain of the adjusted signal, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, adjust the frequency and phase difference between a preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, store the adjusted digital signal, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to a remote storage device through the transmission module, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

[0226] During specific implementation, the power supply module sends a power supply signal to the signal processing module to ensure that the signal processing module can work normally, and further realize the normal operation of the acquisition system through a stable power supply.

[0227] The transmission module obtains analog signals (which may be analog signals of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and current) from the target nuclear fusion test device, and transmits these signals to each signal processing module simultaneously through a preset three-coaxial connector. It serves as a bridge for data transmission to ensure that the signals can be accurately transmitted to the signal processing modules.

[0228] Each signal processing module determines the attenuation of the signal during transmission and adjusts the signal strength according to the attenuation to optimize the signal quality.

[0229] Then, the appropriate transmission path is selected based on the comparison between the frequency of the adjusted signal and the preset frequency threshold. Then, the compensation gain of the adjusted signal is calculated and the signal is compensated to further improve the signal quality.

[0230] The compensated signal is adjusted to a preset voltage threshold range to ensure that the signal can be correctly identified and processed. The compensated analog signal is converted into a digital signal for subsequent digital signal processing.

[0231] The frequency and phase difference between the digital signal and the preset reference clock signal are adjusted to within the preset phase difference threshold range to ensure the synchronization and accuracy of the signal. The adjusted digital signal is then stored locally.

[0232] The conditioned digital signal is transmitted to a remote storage device through a transmission module for long-term storage and analysis.

[0233] The purpose of the entire system is to collect analog signals from nuclear fusion test devices, and after a series of processing and optimization, store high-quality digital signals remotely for subsequent data analysis and research. Such a system is crucial for nuclear fusion research because it can provide accurate and reliable data support, help better understand the nuclear fusion process, and promote the development of related technologies.

[0234] Through the above scheme, the stable power supply of the power supply module ensures the continuous and efficient operation of the signal processing module, laying a solid foundation for the accurate acquisition of analog signals. The transmission module adopts a three-coaxial connector to realize the simultaneous multi-path transmission of analog signals, significantly improving the reliability and efficiency of signal transmission. Each signal processing module works independently, accurately adjusts the signal strength, intelligently selects the transmission path, and optimizes the signal quality through compensation gain to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the signal during transmission. In addition, the signal is adjusted to the preset voltage range, converted into a digital signal, and the frequency and phase difference are accurately adjusted, further improving the stability and readability of the signal. Finally, the finely processed signal is efficiently stored and transmitted remotely, providing effective information support for the data analysis of nuclear fusion experiments, and effectively ensuring the normal acquisition and efficient use of analog signals.

[0235] It should be noted that the method of the embodiment of the present application can be performed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scenario and completed by multiple devices cooperating with each other. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one of the multiple devices can only perform one or more steps in the method of the embodiment of the present application, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the described method.

[0236] It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0237] To simplify the description and discussion, and in order not to make the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, the known power supply / ground connection with the integrated circuit (IC) chip and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. In addition, the device can be shown in the form of a block diagram to avoid making the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, and this also takes into account the following fact, that is, the details of the implementation of these block diagram devices are highly dependent on the platform to be implemented in the embodiments of the present application (that is, these details should be fully within the scope of understanding of those skilled in the art). In the case of elaborating specific details (e.g., circuit) to describe exemplary embodiments of the present application, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented without these specific details or when these specific details are changed. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0238] Although the present application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present application, many replacements, modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may use the embodiments discussed.

[0239] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application (including the claims) is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0240] The embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for collecting analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments, characterized in that: include: A power supply module, a transmission module and multiple independent signal processing modules; The power supply module is configured to: send a power supply signal to the signal processing module, so as to supply power to the signal processing module through the power supply signal; The transmission module is configured to: obtain analog signals collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and simultaneously transmit the analog signals to each signal processing module through a preset three-coaxial connector; Each signal processing module is configured to: determine the attenuation of the analog signal, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, determine the target transmission path according to the comparison result between the frequency of the adjusted signal and a preset frequency threshold, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, determine the compensation gain of the adjusted signal, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, and adjust the frequency and phase difference between a preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, store the adjusted digital signal, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to a remote storage device through the transmission module, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

2. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the signal processing modules includes a preset number of sampling channels, and each sampling channel includes: an attenuation impedance switching circuit, an input stage protection circuit, an intermediate conditioning circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a clock phase-locked circuit, and a storage unit; The attenuation impedance switching circuit is configured to: determine the attenuation amount of the analog signal, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation amount of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit; The input stage protection circuit is configured to: determine a target transmission path according to a comparison result between the frequency of the regulated signal and a preset frequency threshold, transmit the regulated signal through the target transmission path, and transmit the regulated signal to the intermediate conditioning circuit; The intermediate conditioning circuit is configured to: determine a compensation gain of the regulated signal, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to regulate the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, and transmit the compensated signal to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit; The analog-to-digital conversion circuit is configured to: convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, and transmit the digital signal to the clock phase-locked circuit; The clock phase-locked circuit is configured to: adjust the frequency and phase difference between a preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the storage unit; The storage unit is configured to store and transmit the adjusted digital signal to a remote storage device, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

3. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The attenuation impedance switching circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first relay and a second relay, the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor are arranged in parallel, one end of the first relay is connected to the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor arranged in parallel, the other end of the first relay is used to receive the analog signal transmitted by the transmission module, one end of the second relay is used to receive the analog signal transmitted by the transmission module, and the other end of the second relay is used to transmit the analog signal; The first resistor is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the second resistor and the third resistor, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit; The second resistor is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the first resistor and the third resistor, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit; The third resistor is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the first resistor and the second resistor, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit; The first relay is configured to determine the attenuation of the analog signal in combination with the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor which are arranged in parallel, adjust the signal strength of the analog signal according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, and transmit the adjusted signal to the input stage protection circuit; The second relay is configured to receive the analog signal transmitted by the transmission module, and transmit the analog signal to the input stage protection circuit.

4. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The input stage protection circuit comprises: an operational amplifier and a capacitor, wherein the operational amplifier is connected to the capacitor; The operational amplifier is configured to receive an adjusted signal transmitted by the attenuation impedance switching circuit, compare the frequency of the adjusted signal with a preset frequency threshold to obtain a comparison result, generate an isolation signal of the capacitor in response to the comparison result being that the frequency of the adjusted signal is less than the preset frequency threshold, send the isolation signal to the capacitor, determine that the transmission path of the two preset transmission paths that is not connected to the capacitor is the target transmission path, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, and transmit the adjusted signal to the intermediate conditioning circuit; or, in response to the comparison result being that the frequency of the adjusted signal is greater than or equal to the preset frequency threshold, generate a through signal of the capacitor, send the through signal to the capacitor, determine that the transmission path of the two preset transmission paths that is connected to the capacitor is the target transmission path, transmit the adjusted signal through the target transmission path, and transmit the adjusted signal to the intermediate conditioning circuit; The capacitor is configured to control the capacitor to pass the regulated signal based on the pass-through signal, and to control the capacitor to isolate the regulated signal based on the isolation signal.

5. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intermediate conditioning circuit comprises: at least one fully differential amplifier and at least one digital variable gain amplifier, one end of the fully differential amplifier is connected to the input stage protection circuit, the other end of the fully differential amplifier is connected to the digital variable gain amplifier, one end of the digital variable gain amplifier is connected to the fully differential amplifier, and the other end of the digital variable gain amplifier is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit; The fully differential amplifier is configured to receive the regulated signal transmitted by the input stage protection circuit and determine the compensation gain of the regulated signal in combination with the digital variable gain amplifier; The digital variable gain amplifier is configured to determine the compensation gain of the adjusted signal in combination with the fully differential amplifier, compensate the compensated signal based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, and transmit the compensated signal to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit.

6. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clock phase-locked circuit comprises: a clock buffer and a phase-locked loop, wherein the clock buffer and the phase-locked loop are arranged in series, one end of the clock buffer and the phase-locked loop arranged in series is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and the other end of the clock buffer and the phase-locked loop arranged in series is connected to the transmission module; The clock buffer is configured to send a preset reference clock signal to the phase-locked loop; The phase-locked loop is configured to receive the digital signal transmitted by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, adjust the frequency and phase difference between the preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the storage unit.

7. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The storage unit comprises a storage unit interface generator, one end of the storage unit interface generator is connected to the clock phase-locked circuit, and the other end of the storage unit interface generator is connected to the transmission module; The storage unit interface generator is configured to receive the adjusted digital signal transmitted by the clock phase-locked circuit, convert the adjusted digital signal into a preset memory format for storage, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module.

8. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission module comprises: a triaxial connector and a fiber optic connector assembly, one end of the triaxial connector is connected to the input end of the signal processing module, the other end of the triaxial connector is connected to the target nuclear fusion test device, one end of the fiber optic connector assembly is connected to the output end of the signal processing module, and the other end of the fiber optic connector assembly is connected to the remote storage device; The three-coaxial connector is configured to obtain analog signals collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and transmit the analog signals to each signal processing module simultaneously through the preset three-coaxial connector; The optical fiber connector assembly is configured to store the adjusted digital signal and transmit it to a remote storage device, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

9. The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module comprises: a switching power supply and an input filter, wherein the switching power supply is connected to the input filter, one end of the input filter is connected to the switching power supply, and the other end of the input filter is connected to the signal processing module; The switching power supply is configured to generate an initial power supply signal and transmit the initial power supply signal to the input filter; The input filter is configured to filter the initial power supply signal to obtain a power supply signal, and send the power supply signal to the signal processing module so that the signal processing module is powered by the power supply signal.

10. A method for collecting analog signals for nuclear fusion experiments, characterized in that: The analog signal acquisition system for nuclear fusion experiments according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises a power supply module, a transmission module and a plurality of mutually independent signal processing modules; the method comprises: Sending a power supply signal to the signal processing module through the power supply module, so as to power the signal processing module through the power supply signal; The transmission module is used to obtain analog signals collected from the target nuclear fusion test device, and the analog signals are simultaneously transmitted to each signal processing module through a preset three-coaxial connector; For each signal processing module, the attenuation of the analog signal is determined by the signal processing module, the signal strength of the analog signal is adjusted according to the attenuation of the analog signal to obtain an adjusted signal, the target transmission path is determined according to the comparison result between the frequency of the adjusted signal and a preset frequency threshold, the adjusted signal is transmitted through the target transmission path, the compensation gain of the adjusted signal is determined, the compensated signal is compensated based on the compensation gain to obtain a compensated signal, so as to adjust the compensated signal to be within a preset voltage threshold range, convert the compensated signal into a digital signal, and adjust the frequency and phase difference between a preset reference clock signal and the digital signal to within a preset phase difference threshold range, store the adjusted digital signal, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to the transmission module, and transmit the adjusted digital signal to a remote storage device through the transmission module, so that the remote storage device can store the adjusted digital signal.

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