Device and method for testing performance of hydrogen explosion resistance and multi-stage explosion relief cooperation

Abstract

The hydrogen explosion resistance and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device and method of the present application belong to the technical field of hydrogen energy explosion safety protection, and comprise an explosion vessel, a schlieren system, a relief flame shooting system, a vacuum gas distribution system, a synchronous controller, a relief pipeline whole, a pressure sensing system, and a program control and data acquisition system. The relief pipeline whole comprises a first pipeline unit, a plurality of second pipeline units, a terminal relief opening, and a lateral relief opening. The terminal relief opening or the lateral relief opening is provided with a blind plate or a bursting disc. A porous material plate is installed between adjacent two second pipeline units or between a second pipeline unit and the first pipeline unit. The relief flame shooting system comprises a second high-speed camera and a high-speed infrared thermal imager, and a plurality of igniters are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion vessel and each second pipeline unit. The device and method can carry out research on hydrogen explosion safety protection, and are aimed at more truly simulating the occurrence environment of hydrogen explosion in actual production process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen explosion safety protection technology, specifically relating to a device and method for testing the performance of hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion-proof synergistic effects. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen, as a clean energy source with great potential, has attracted much attention due to its wide explosion limits, low ignition energy, and high calorific value. However, safety issues such as hydrogen leaks, fires, and explosions have also arisen, leading to serious casualties and property damage.

[0003] Currently, many scholars have conducted in-depth research on the single explosion venting effect and the single explosion-proof effect in the hydrogen explosion mechanism, achieving significant results. However, both still have certain drawbacks. For example, the single explosion venting effect has limitations in controlling flame propagation and thermal radiation; a single explosion venting effect can only mitigate the influence of pressure waves, but its ability to control flame propagation and thermal radiation is limited. The single explosion-proof effect often faces adverse factors such as limited adsorption capacity, insufficient duration of explosion-proof effect, and susceptibility to contamination or blockage. This is because the explosion-proof effect of porous materials is usually achieved through physical adsorption or chemical reaction. Over time, the adsorption capacity of the material will gradually decrease, especially after repeated contact with hydrogen, the material may fail, leading to a weakening or disappearance of explosion-proof performance. In actual production processes, porous materials are easily contaminated or blocked, reducing their effective adsorption area and thus affecting the explosion-proof effect.

[0004] Given the shortcomings of single explosion venting and single explosion-proofing effects, it is necessary to propose a performance testing device and method for the synergistic effect of hydrogen explosion-proofing and multi-stage explosion venting, so as to achieve an effective balance between explosion overpressure and flame release, and provide a reference for real hydrogen explosions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion-proof synergistic performance testing device and method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion-proof synergistic performance testing device of the present invention includes a transparent explosion container, a schlieren system, a venting flame imaging system, a vacuum gas distribution system, a synchronous controller, and a program control and data acquisition system; characterized in that it also includes two transparent venting pipes and a pressure sensing system; the two venting pipes are symmetrically arranged on the explosion container along surface P;

[0007] The entire discharge pipeline comprises:

[0008] The first pipeline unit is tubular, with one end integrally mounted on the explosive container and capable of communicating with the explosive container.

[0009] Multiple second pipe units are sequentially connected to form a whole, denoted as pipe unit A. Pipe unit A is tubular, with one end connected and communicating with the other end of the first pipe unit, which is the final vent. Each second pipe unit has a lateral vent on its upper surface. Both the final vent and the lateral vent are equipped with blind flanges or rupture discs. The venting flame imaging system includes a second high-speed camera and a high-speed infrared thermal imager. The second high-speed camera can capture real-time images of the flames inside the venting pipe or the explosive container, and it can also capture real-time images of the flames outside the venting pipe. The high-speed infrared thermal imager can capture infrared images of the lateral vents or the final vent.

[0010] A perforated material plate can be installed between two adjacent second pipe units or between a second pipe unit and a first pipe unit;

[0011] The pressure sensing system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller. The pressure sensing system includes:

[0012] Multiple first pressure sensors are installed at the end vent, outside the entire pipeline A, and spaced apart along the axis of the end vent.

[0013] Multiple sets of second pressure sensors are set at each lateral vent location. Each set of second pressure sensors contains multiple second pressure sensors. Taking a set of second pressure sensors as an example, the set of second pressure sensors is located outside the entire pipeline A. The multiple second pressure sensors of the set are spaced apart along the axis of the lateral vent.

[0014] Multiple third pressure sensors are installed on the inner wall of each second piping unit and the explosion container;

[0015] It also includes multiple igniters, installed in the explosion container and each second piping unit.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature control system, which is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller. The temperature control system includes:

[0017] A metal heat-conducting pipe is installed in the interlayer of the explosion container and the venting pipeline. One end of the metal heat-conducting pipe is connected to a pump, the outlet of the pump is connected to and communicates with the metal heat-conducting pipe, and the inlet of the pump is connected to and communicates with a container containing methyl silicone oil. The other end of the metal heat-conducting pipe is connected to and communicates with a container containing methyl silicone oil. A heater for heating the methyl silicone oil is installed in the container containing methyl silicone oil.

[0018] Multiple thermocouples are installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and each second pipeline unit. The thermocouple installed on the inner wall of the explosion container is designated as the first thermocouple. The first thermocouple is used to monitor the gas temperature in the explosion container and the venting pipeline as a whole.

[0019] Furthermore, the schlieren system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller; the schlieren system can capture microscopic flow field images of the entire venting pipe or the inside of the explosion container, as well as microscopic flow field images of the outside of the entire venting pipe.

[0020] The schlieren system includes: a light source, a first reflector, a second reflector, a condenser lens, and a first high-speed camera. The light energy emitted by the light source is focused by the condenser lens and then shines on the first reflector. The light is reflected by the first reflector and passes through the transparent venting pipe or explosive container to the second reflector, and then reflected by the second reflector to be captured by the first high-speed camera.

[0021] Furthermore, the vacuum gas distribution system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller; the vacuum gas distribution system includes:

[0022] The gas distribution system, air storage tank, and hydrogen storage tank are connected to the gas distribution system via air pipes and hydrogen pipes, respectively. Air valves and hydrogen valves are installed on the air pipes and hydrogen pipes, respectively, and both are electrically connected to the gas distribution system, which controls their opening and closing. The gas distribution system is connected to and communicates with the cavity of the explosive container via a mixing pipe, on which a control valve is installed. This control valve is electrically connected to the gas distribution system, which enables its opening and closing. The gas distribution system is connected to a program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller, which controls the gas distribution within the system.

[0023] A vacuum pump is connected to and communicates with the cavity of the explosive container through a vacuum tube; a vacuum valve is installed on the vacuum tube; the vacuum valve is electrically connected to the gas distribution system, which can control the start and stop of the vacuum pump and the opening and closing of the vacuum valve.

[0024] The pressure gauge, installed on the explosion container, is used to monitor the gas pressure inside the explosion container. The pressure gauge is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller.

[0025] Furthermore, the venting pipe is a square tube with square ends; the explosion container is a cube.

[0026] Furthermore, the test method for the synergistic effect of hydrogen explosion suppression and multi-stage explosion relief includes the following steps:

[0027] S1: Determine the type of initial conditions for explosion venting;

[0028] The types include: hydrogen concentration; gas pressure in the explosion container; gas temperature in the explosion container; ignition location; ignition energy; venting area; and membrane rupture pressure.

[0029] S2: Determine the symmetrical situation of the explosion venting;

[0030] Symmetrical explosion venting situations include: symmetrical explosion venting and non-symmetrical explosion venting.

[0031] The meaning of explosion venting symmetry is: the rupture discs or blind flanges installed on the two sets of venting pipes are symmetrically arranged along surface P;

[0032] If the explosion venting is symmetrical, it is recorded as "1"; if the explosion venting is not symmetrical, it is recorded as "0".

[0033] S3: Determine the location of the explosion vent;

[0034] Location scenarios include the following:

[0035] B1: Use blind flanges to seal all lateral vents, install rupture discs on all end vents, and use only the end vents for venting;

[0036] B2: Use blind flanges to seal all end vents, install rupture discs on all side vents, and use only the side vents for venting;

[0037] B3: Seal all side vents and end vents with rupture discs; release all side vents and end vents.

[0038] B4: Use blind flanges to seal part of the side vents, and install rupture discs on the other side vents and the end vent. Use the other side vents and the end vent for venting.

[0039] Because the location of the lateral vent sealed by the blind flange is different, the venting position is also different. Let there be M possible venting positions.

[0040] S4: Investigate the effects of flame characteristics and changes in internal and external pressure;

[0041] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0042] S4.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0043] S4.2: Set the initial conditions for explosion venting;

[0044] Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, ignition energy is Q, venting area is S, and membrane rupture pressure is F;

[0045] S4.3: Selection of explosion venting location;

[0046] Let the location of the explosion vent be BJ, where J∈[1,M];

[0047] S4.4: Equip with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S4.1-S4.3; do not install porous material plates;

[0048] S4.5: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the side vents and the end vents.

[0049] S4.6: Repeat S4.2-S4.6, BJ increases with the number of iterations until J=M and the loop stops;

[0050] S4.7: Set the symmetrical explosion venting condition in S4.1 to "0"; loop S4.2-S4.7, BJ increases with the number of loops, until J=M and the loop stops;

[0051] S4.8: Based on the data obtained in S4.6 and S4.7, explore the influence of flame characteristics and changes in internal and external pressure;

[0052] S5: Investigate the effects of porous material plate material type, thickness, porosity and installation position on hydrogen explosion-proof performance;

[0053] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0054] S5.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0055] S5.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z;

[0056] S5.3: All lateral and end vents shall be sealed with blind flanges;

[0057] S5.4: Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, and ignition energy is Q;

[0058] S5.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S5.1-S5.4;

[0059] S5.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of relief pipes; and a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container and the two sets of relief pipes.

[0060] S5.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S5.2-S5.7.

[0061] S5.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition in S5.1 to "0"; cycle through S5.2-S5.8; based on the data obtained in S5.7 and S5.8, explore the influence of the porous material plate material type, thickness, porosity and installation position on the hydrogen explosion-proof performance.

[0062] S6: To explore the effects and mechanisms of synergistic end-release and explosion-proof effects on hydrogen explosions;

[0063] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0064] S6.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0065] S6.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z;

[0066] S6.3: All lateral vents shall be sealed with blind flanges, but the end vent shall not be sealed. The end vent shall be sealed with a rupture disc.

[0067] S6.4: Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, ignition energy is Q, venting area is S, and membrane rupture pressure is F;

[0068] S6.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S6.1-S6.4;

[0069] S6.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the end vent.

[0070] S6.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S6.2-S6.7.

[0071] S6.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0" and cycle through S6.2-S6.8; based on the data obtained in S6.7 and S6.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic end-release and explosion-proof effect on hydrogen explosion;

[0072] S7: To explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral deflation and explosion-proof effects on hydrogen explosions;

[0073] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0074] S7.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0075] S7.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z;

[0076] S7.3: The end vent and part of the side vent are sealed with blind flanges, and the other part of the side vent is sealed with rupture discs;

[0077] S7.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F.

[0078] S7.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S7.1-S7.4;

[0079] S7.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent.

[0080] S7.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S7.2-S7.7.

[0081] S7.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0"; cycle through S7.2-S7.8; based on the data obtained from S7.7 and S7.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions;

[0082] S8: To explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting, terminal explosion venting and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions;

[0083] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0084] S8.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0085] S8.2: Set the material type X, thickness D, porosity U, and installation position Z of the porous material plate;

[0086] S8.3: Use blind flanges to seal part of the lateral vents, but do not seal the end vent; seal the end vent and another part of the lateral vents with rupture discs;

[0087] S8.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F;

[0088] S8.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S8.1-S8.4;

[0089] S8.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent and the end vent.

[0090] S8.7: Change one of the following: material type X of the porous material plate, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry; keep the others unchanged; repeat S8.2-S8.7.

[0091] S8.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0" and cycle through S8.2-S8.8; based on the data obtained from S8.7 and S8.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting, terminal explosion venting and explosion-proof effect on hydrogen explosion;

[0092] S9: Explore the impact and mechanism of synergistic effects of all lateral deflation, terminal deflation and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions;

[0093] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0094] S9.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0095] S9.2: Set the material type X, thickness D, porosity U, and installation position Z of the porous material plate;

[0096] S9.3: All end vents and side vents shall be sealed with rupture discs;

[0097] S9.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F;

[0098] S9.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S9.1-S9.4;

[0099] S9.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent and the end vent.

[0100] S9.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate; keep the others unchanged; repeat S9.2-S9.7.

[0101] S9.8: Set the symmetrical explosion venting condition to "0"; loop through S9.2-S9.8; based on the data from S9.7 and S9.8,

[0102] To explore the effects and mechanisms of synergistic effects of all lateral venting, terminal venting, and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions. Beneficial effects

[0103] This invention conducts research on hydrogen explosion safety protection by incorporating multiple lateral and terminal explosion vents into the overall venting pipeline, aiming to more realistically simulate the hydrogen explosion environment in actual production processes. The experimental research provides a theoretical basis for the design of explosion venting and explosion-proofing systems for explosive containers. Based on the experimental results, the optimal operating conditions for multi-stage venting and explosion-proofing of hydrogen explosions under synergistic effects are determined, and a large-scale intrinsic safety model of hydrogen energy systems is further constructed.

[0104] This device can systematically collect and monitor internal and external explosion pressures, flame propagation characteristics, temperature field distribution of the released flame, and the microstructure of the flow field inside and outside the container throughout the entire explosion release process. Through this device, the interaction laws and relationships between influencing factors and characteristic parameters can be analyzed in depth, thus providing comprehensive experimental data support for hydrogen explosion research. Attached Figure Description

[0105] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire device;

[0106] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the entire device;

[0107] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a porous material plate;

[0108] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the technical route for testing the synergistic performance of hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion-proof effects.

[0109] Figure 5 These are pressure diagrams at different locations for different discharge areas;

[0110] Figure 6 These are images of flame propagation at the end vent under different venting areas;

[0111] Figure 7 These are images showing the temperature field distribution of the vent flame at the end vent for different vent areas;

[0112] Figure 8 This is a microstructure diagram of the discharge flow field at the end discharge port under different discharge areas.

[0113] 1. Explosion container; 2. Ignition device; 3. Pressure gauge; 4. Light source; 5. First reflector; 6. Second reflector; 7. Converging lens; 8. First high-speed camera; 9. First piping unit; 10. Second piping unit; 11. End vent; 12. Side vent; 13. Porous material plate; 14. First pressure sensor; 15. Second pressure sensor; 16. Vacuum valve; 17. Air storage tank; 18. Hydrogen storage tank; 19. Gas distribution system; 20. Air valve; 21. Hydrogen valve; 22. Control valve; 23. Vacuum pump; 24. First thermocouple; 25. High-speed infrared thermal imager. Detailed Implementation

[0114] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0115] Example 1: See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion venting synergistic performance testing device includes an explosion container 1, two sets of venting pipelines, a schlieren system, a pressure sensing system, a venting flame imaging system, a vacuum gas distribution system, a temperature control system, a synchronization controller, and a program control and data acquisition system.

[0116] The explosion container 1 is cube-shaped with an internal cavity. In other embodiments, the explosion container 1 can also have other shapes. A pressure gauge 3 is installed on the outer upper surface of the explosion container 1 to monitor the pressure of the gas in the cavity of the explosion container 1. The explosion container 1 is made of high heat-resistant glass, which is easy to see.

[0117] Two sets of venting pipes are respectively installed on two opposite side walls of the explosion container 1. Let line L be one of the centerlines of the top surface of the explosion container 1, and surface P be the vertical surface passing through line L. The two sets of venting pipes are symmetrically arranged along surface P. The venting pipes are also made of high heat-resistant glass, which provides visibility.

[0118] The entire venting pipeline includes:

[0119] The first pipe unit 9 is integrally formed with the side wall corresponding to the explosive container 1. One end of the first pipe unit 9 communicates with the internal cavity of the explosive container 1, and the other end is integrally formed with a flange. In this embodiment, the first pipe unit 9 is a square tube with a square end face, and the axis of the first pipe unit 9 is perpendicular to surface P. In other embodiments, the first pipe unit 9 can be other shapes.

[0120] Multiple second pipeline units 10 are sequentially connected as a whole via flanges. In this embodiment, each second pipeline unit 10 includes a pipeline body and two flanges integrally disposed at both ends of the pipeline body. The pipeline body is square-shaped, and the end face of the pipeline body is the same in shape and size as the end face of the first pipeline unit 9. The axis of the pipeline body coincides with the axis of the first pipeline unit 9. When two adjacent second pipeline units 10 are connected, their corresponding ends are connected via flanges. Let the whole composed of multiple second pipeline units 10 be pipeline whole A. Pipeline whole A can communicate with the first pipeline unit 9. One end of pipeline whole A is connected to the end of the first pipeline unit 9 away from the explosion container 1 via a flange, and the other end of pipeline whole A is the end vent 11. The end vent 11 can be sealed by connecting a blind flange or a rupture disc. The rupture disc is a thin metal plate that can rupture when the gas explodes in the explosion container. Different rupture discs have different rupture pressures. In this embodiment, a single pipe assembly A has four second pipe units 10, and the two pipe assemblies A of the two sets of venting pipe assemblies have a total of eight second pipe units 10.

[0121] Each of the aforementioned second pipe units 10 has a lateral vent 12 on its top surface wall, and the lateral vent 12 is connected to the overall pipe A. The lateral vent 12 can also be sealed by connecting a blind flange or a rupture disc. Different numbers of lateral vents 12 or end vents being sealed by rupture discs will result in changes in the explosion venting area.

[0122] A perforated material plate 13 can be provided between the flanges of two adjacent second pipe units 10, or between the flanges of the second pipe unit 10 and the first pipe unit 9. The perforated material plate 13 is described in [reference needed]. Figure 3 Whether a porous material plate 13 is installed between two adjacent second pipe units 10 shall be determined by the test personnel according to the experimental requirements; whether a porous material plate 13 is installed between the second pipe unit 10 and the first pipe unit 9 shall also be determined by the test personnel according to the experimental requirements.

[0123] The parameters of the porous material plates 13 installed in different locations vary, including material type, thickness, porosity, and installation location. The specific parameters of the porous material plates 13 are configured by the test personnel according to the test requirements.

[0124] An igniter 2 is installed at the bottom of the explosive container 1 or each second piping unit 10. The igniter 2 is located inside the explosive container 1 or each second piping unit 10. Figure 1 and Figure 2The diagram is for illustrative purposes only and does not show the igniter 2 at the bottom of the second piping unit 10. All igniters 2 are connected to a program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller. The program control and data acquisition system can control the igniter 2 at a certain position to generate an electric spark, thereby changing the ignition position; the program control and data acquisition system can also control the ignition energy of the igniter at a certain position, thereby changing the ignition energy.

[0125] In other embodiments, each igniter 2 can be raised or lowered, which can increase the modifiable conditions in the experiment.

[0126] The schlieren system is used to capture images of the internal micro-flow field of the explosive container or two sets of venting pipes, and also to capture images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes. The schlieren system includes a light source 4, a first reflector 5, a second reflector 6, a focusing lens 7, and a first high-speed camera 8.

[0127] Light source 4 emits light, which is focused by condenser lens 7. The focused light then shines on first reflector 5, and after reflection by first reflector 5, it passes through the glass explosion container 1 or the two sets of venting pipes. The light is then reflected by second reflector 6, and finally captured by first high-speed camera 8. The schlieren system can be adjusted along the axis of the venting pipes. By adjusting the position of the schlieren system, the optical path position between first reflector 5 and second reflector 6 changes accordingly. The purpose of moving the schlieren system is to: 1. Capture microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container 1 or the two sets of venting pipes; 2. Capture microscopic flow field images at different locations within the venting pipes; 3. Capture microscopic flow field images outside the two sets of venting pipes. When capturing microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container 1 or the venting pipes, the schlieren system ensures that the optical path between first reflector 5 and second reflector 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the venting pipes.

[0128] Schlieren imaging is existing technology. It connects to a program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller, transmitting the microscopic flow field images captured by the system. The program control and data acquisition system, also existing technology, primarily comprises a host computer. This system controls the activation of the schlieren imaging system.

[0129] The pressure sensing system includes:

[0130] Two sets of pressure sensing units monitor the overall pressure of the two relief pipes. These units are symmetrically arranged along surface P. Taking one set of pressure sensing units as an example, the pressure sensing unit includes:

[0131] Multiple first pressure sensors 14 are used. In this embodiment, there are three first pressure sensors 14, which are arranged outside the pipeline assembly A and located at corresponding end vents 11. The three first pressure sensors 14 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the pipeline assembly A. Specifically, taking the axial direction of the pipeline assembly A as the viewpoint, let the three first pressure sensors 14 be P10, P11, and P12. In this embodiment, the distance between P10 and the end vent 11 along the axial direction of the pipeline assembly A is 400 mm; the distance between P11 and the end vent 11 along the axial direction of the pipeline assembly A is 800 mm; and the distance between P12 and the end vent 11 along the axial direction of the pipeline assembly A is 1200 mm. In other embodiments, the test personnel can adaptively adjust the distances of P10, P11, and P12 to the end vent 11 according to different test parameters.

[0132] Multiple sets of second pressure sensors 15 are provided, each set of second pressure sensors 15 being evenly distributed at the lateral vent 12 corresponding to the overall pipeline A. In this embodiment, considering a set of second pressure sensors 15, there are three second pressure sensors 15 in one set. The three second pressure sensors 15 in this set are spaced apart along the axis of the corresponding lateral vent 12. Specifically, the three second pressure sensors 15 are designated as P13, P14, and P15. In this embodiment, the distance between P13 and the lateral vent 12 is 400 mm; the distance between P14 and the lateral vent 12 is 800 mm; and the distance between P15 and the lateral vent 12 is 1200 mm. In other embodiments, the test personnel can adaptively adjust the distances of P13, P14, and P15 to the lateral vent according to different test parameters.

[0133] The aforementioned pressure sensing system also includes:

[0134] Multiple third pressure sensors (not shown) are respectively installed on the inner walls of the explosion container 1 and each of the second piping units 10. In this embodiment, one third pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of both the explosion container 1 and the second piping unit 10. Since there are eight second piping units 10, there are a total of nine third pressure sensors, denoted as P1 to P9. Among them, P1 is installed on the inner wall of the explosion container 1, and P2 to P9 are installed on the inner walls of the eight second piping units 10 respectively.

[0135] See Figure 2 The vacuum gas distribution system includes:

[0136] Air storage tank 17 and hydrogen storage tank 18 are connected to gas distribution system 19 via air pipes and hydrogen pipes, respectively. Gas distribution system 19 is prior art and can control the volume of air or hydrogen entering explosive container 1. Air valve 20 and hydrogen valve 21 are installed on air pipes and hydrogen pipes, respectively. Both air valve 20 and hydrogen valve 21 are ball valves. Both air valve 20 and hydrogen valve 21 are connected to gas distribution system 19, which controls the opening and closing of air valve 20 and hydrogen valve 21. Gas distribution system 19 is connected to the cavity of explosive container 1 via mixing pipe, thereby controlling the volume of air and hydrogen entering explosive container 1. Control valve 22 is installed on mixing pipe. Control valve 22 is a solenoid valve and is connected to gas distribution system 19, which opens and closes it. The gas distribution system 19 is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller. The program control and data acquisition system sends gas distribution signals and gas distribution volume data to the gas distribution system 19.

[0137] Vacuum pump 23 is connected to the cavity of explosive container 1 through a vacuum tube. Vacuum pump 23 can evacuate the inside of explosive container 1 through the vacuum tube. Vacuum valve 16 is installed on the vacuum tube. Vacuum valve 16 is a ball valve and is used to open and close the vacuum tube. Vacuum valve 16 is electrically connected to gas distribution system 19 and is controlled by gas distribution system 19 to open and close vacuum valve 16.

[0138] The temperature control system includes:

[0139] Metal heat-conducting pipes are installed in the glass interlayer at the bottom of the explosion container 1 and the venting pipeline. Because the venting pipeline has multiple second pipeline units 10, and each second pipeline unit 10 can be separated from the others, there are multiple metal heat-conducting pipes. Each metal heat-conducting pipe installed in its corresponding second pipeline unit 10 does not affect the others. The metal heat-conducting pipes are existing technology. Taking one metal heat-conducting pipe as an example, one end of the metal heat-conducting pipe is connected to a power element, such as a pump. Specifically, one end of the metal heat-conducting pipe is connected and communicates with the pump's outlet, and the pump's inlet is connected and communicates with a container containing methyl silicone oil. The other end of the metal heat-conducting pipe is connected to the container containing methyl silicone oil, and a heater for heating the methyl silicone oil is also installed in this container. After the heater heats the methyl silicone oil, the pump draws the methyl silicone oil from the container to one end of the metal heat pipe. The methyl silicone oil enters the metal heat pipe from that end and flows back into the container through the other end of the metal heat pipe. As the pump continues to run, the methyl silicone oil continuously circulates in the metal heat pipe, heating the gas in the explosion container, thereby raising the temperature of the gas in explosion container 1.

[0140] Multiple thermocouples are used; in this embodiment, there are nine thermocouples, which are installed on the inner walls of the explosion container 1 and the eight second pipe units 10, respectively. All thermocouples are connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller, and the connection method is a communication connection. All thermocouples can transmit the monitored temperature data to the program control and data acquisition system.

[0141] The thermocouple installed on the inner wall of the explosion container 1 is designated as the first thermocouple, and the thermocouples installed on the inner walls of the multiple second pipe units 10 are designated as the second thermocouples.

[0142] The first thermocouple can monitor the temperature of the gas in the explosion container 1. Specifically, before the aforementioned methyl silicone oil heats the gas in the explosion container 1, the test personnel must first set the gas temperature in the explosion container 1 in the program control and data acquisition system. Then, the program control and data acquisition system controls the operation of the temperature control system. Specifically, the program control and data acquisition system heats the methyl silicone oil through a heater, and then circulates the methyl silicone oil in the metal heat-conducting pipe through a pump. The program control and data acquisition system monitors the temperature of the first thermocouple 24. If the temperature K1 of the first thermocouple 24 is equal to the temperature K2 set in the program control and data acquisition system, the program control and data acquisition system stops heating the methyl silicone oil.

[0143] Multiple second thermocouples can monitor the temperature changes in each second pipe unit 10 under explosion-proof conditions. Specifically, when the explosion flame passes through the porous material plate 13, it will be cooled due to the wall effect. Multiple second thermocouples can monitor the temperature of the flame after passing through the porous material plate 13 and transmit the monitored temperature to the data acquisition system to control the temperature control system.

[0144] The flame capture system includes:

[0145] A second high-speed camera and a high-speed infrared thermal imager 25; the second high-speed camera can adjust its position along the axis of the entire pipeline A, so that the second high-speed camera can capture real-time images of the flames inside the explosive container 1 or the two sets of venting pipelines. Similarly, the second high-speed camera can capture images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipelines. When the second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames in the explosive container 1 or the two sets of venting pipelines, the optical path of the second high-speed camera is perpendicular to the axis of the second pipeline unit 10 and passes through the glass explosive container 1 or the two second pipeline units 10.

[0146] The high-speed infrared thermal imager 25 can also be adjusted in position along the axis of the entire pipeline A, so that it can capture infrared images of the lateral or end vents. The optical path of the high-speed infrared thermal imager does not pass through the glass explosion container 1 or the two second pipeline units. Both the second high-speed camera and the high-speed infrared thermal imager 25 are connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller, and can transmit real-time flame images and infrared images to the program control and data acquisition system respectively.

[0147] The procedure for using this device is as follows:

[0148] Inflation process: First, the operator seals the side vents with blind flanges or rupture discs; seals the end vents with blind flanges or rupture discs; the cavity formed by the explosion container 1 and the two sets of vent pipes as a whole is a closed cavity;

[0149] Then, the operator sends a working signal to the gas distribution system 19 through the program control and data acquisition system. After receiving the working signal, the gas distribution system 19 controls the vacuum pump 23 to start working and pumping air. At the same time, the gas distribution system 19 controls the vacuum valve 16 to open. The vacuum pump 23 gradually pumps the air out of the entire cavity until the program control and data acquisition system detects that the value of the pressure gauge 3 is equal to the set pressure value, indicating that the entire cavity is in a vacuum state. The program control and data acquisition system sends a stop signal to the gas distribution system 19. After receiving the stop signal, the gas distribution system 19 controls the vacuum pump 23 to stop pumping air and at the same time controls the vacuum valve 16 to close.

[0150] The operator inputs the volumes of air and hydrogen into the program control and data acquisition system, denoted as V1 and V2 respectively. The program control and data acquisition system can calculate the ratio of hydrogen to air, K=V2 / V1. After the hydrogen and air volumes are input, the program control and data acquisition system sends a gas distribution signal to the gas distribution system 19. The gas distribution system 19 controls the opening of the air valve 20 and the control valve 22. Because the pressure in the air storage tank 17 is much greater than the pressure in the overall cavity, air flows into the overall cavity. The flow meter inside the gas distribution system 19 monitors the flow rate of air into the cavity, multiplies it by the air filling time, and calculates the volume of air filled into the overall cavity. When the calculated air volume equals V1, the gas distribution system controls the air valve 20 to close, completing the air filling process.

[0151] After the air valve 20 is closed, the gas distribution system 19 then controls the hydrogen valve 21 to open simultaneously. Since the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 18 is much greater than the pressure in the above-mentioned overall cavity, hydrogen flows into the above-mentioned overall cavity. The flowmeter inside the gas distribution system 19 monitors the flow rate when hydrogen flows into the above-mentioned cavity. Combining with the hydrogen filling time, the gas distribution system 19 calculates the hydrogen volume. When the calculated volume is equal to V2, the gas distribution system controls the hydrogen valve 21 and the control valve 22 to close; at this time, the entire gas distribution process is completed;

[0152] If it is necessary to change the gas pressure in the above-mentioned overall cavity and keep the concentration K of hydrogen and air unchanged. The specific operation is as follows: Let the gas pressure in the above-mentioned overall cavity before the change be P, and the gas pressure in the above-mentioned overall cavity after the change be B*P, where B is the pressure change coefficient. Then, input the volumes of hydrogen and air after the change into the program control and data acquisition system. The volumes of hydrogen and air after the change are B*V2 and B*V1 respectively.

[0153] Temperature control process: The first thermocouple 24 monitors the temperature of the mixed gas in the above-mentioned whole and feeds it back to the program control and data acquisition system; the program control and data acquisition system compares the temperature K1 of the first thermocouple 24 with the temperature K2 input by the operator. If K1 < K2, the program control and data acquisition system controls the temperature control system to continue heating the methyl silicone oil and makes the methyl silicone oil circulate in the metal heat conduction tube through the pump; until K1 = K2; the program control and data acquisition system controls the temperature control system to stop heating the methyl silicone oil continuously, and the methyl silicone oil does not continue to circulate in the metal heat conduction tube.

[0154] Ignition process: The operator sends an energization signal and an energization energy signal to one of the igniters 2 through the program control and data acquisition system. After the corresponding igniter 2 receives the energization signal and the energization energy signal, it is energized according to the energization energy and generates an electric spark to ignite the gas in the above-mentioned overall cavity, thereby causing an explosion;

[0155] Schlieren system and discharge flame photography system shooting process: Before the igniter ignites, the program control and data acquisition system controls the schlieren system and the discharge flame photography system to start; after the mixed gas in the above-mentioned overall cavity is ignited and explodes, the schlieren system can shoot the microscopic flow field images inside the explosion container or the entire two groups of discharge pipelines, and can also shoot the microscopic flow field images outside the two groups of discharge pipelines; the second high-speed camera in the discharge flame photography system can shoot the real-time images of the flame inside the explosion container or the entire two groups of discharge pipelines, and can also shoot the flame images outside the two groups of discharge pipelines; the high-speed infrared thermal imager in the discharge flame photography system can shoot the infrared images outside the end discharge port or the side discharge port.

[0156] Multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second sensors, and multiple third sensors can monitor the pressure at each end vent, each side vent, each second piping unit 10, and the pressure in the explosion container, respectively, and transmit the pressure data to the program control and data acquisition system. All second thermocouples transmit the monitored temperature data to the program control and data acquisition system.

[0157] Example 2: See Figure 4 A test method for the synergistic effect of hydrogen explosion suppression and multi-stage explosion relief includes the following steps:

[0158] S1: Determine the type of initial conditions for explosion venting;

[0159] The types include: hydrogen concentration; gas pressure in the explosion container; gas temperature in the explosion container; ignition location; ignition energy; venting area; and membrane rupture pressure.

[0160] S2: Determine the symmetrical situation of the explosion venting;

[0161] Symmetrical explosion venting situations include: symmetrical explosion venting and non-symmetrical explosion venting.

[0162] Symmetrical explosion venting means that the rupture discs or blind flanges installed on the two sets of venting pipes are symmetrically arranged along surface P. Non-symmetrical explosion venting means that the rupture discs or blind flanges installed on the two sets of venting pipes are not symmetrically arranged along surface P.

[0163] If the explosion venting is symmetrical, it is recorded as "1"; if the explosion venting is not symmetrical, it is recorded as "0".

[0164] S3: Determine the location of the explosion vent.

[0165] Location scenarios include the following:

[0166] B1: Use blind flanges to seal all lateral vents, install rupture discs on all end vents, and use only the end vents for venting;

[0167] B2: Use blind flanges to seal all end vents, install rupture discs on all side vents, and use only the side vents for venting;

[0168] B3: Seal all side vents and end vents with rupture discs; release all side vents and end vents.

[0169] B4: Use blind flanges to seal part of the side vents, and install rupture discs on the other side vents and the end vent. Use the other side vents and the end vent for venting.

[0170] Because the location of the lateral vent sealed by the blind flange is different, the venting position is also different. Let there be M possible venting positions.

[0171] S4: Explore the effects of flame characteristics and changes in internal and external pressure.

[0172] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0173] S4.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0174] S4.2: Set the initial conditions for explosion venting;

[0175] Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, ignition energy is Q, venting area is S, and membrane rupture pressure is F;

[0176] S4.3: Selection of explosion venting location.

[0177] Let the location of the explosion vent be BJ, where J∈[1,M];

[0178] S4.4: Equip the hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S4.1-S4.3; do not install the porous material plate 13;

[0179] S4.5: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the side vents and the end vents.

[0180] S4.6: Repeat S4.2-S4.6, BJ increases with the number of iterations until J=M and the loop stops;

[0181] S4.7: Set the symmetrical explosion venting condition in S4.1 to "0"; loop S4.2-S4.7, BJ increases with the number of loops, until J=M and the loop stops;

[0182] S4.8: Based on the data obtained in S4.6 and S4.7, explore the effects of flame characteristics and changes in internal and external pressure.

[0183] S5: Investigate the effects of material type, thickness, porosity and installation location of porous material plate 13 on hydrogen explosion-proof performance.

[0184] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0185] S5.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0186] S5.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z;

[0187] S5.3: All lateral and end vents shall be sealed with blind flanges;

[0188] S5.4: Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, and ignition energy is Q;

[0189] S5.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S5.1-S5.4;

[0190] S5.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of relief pipes; and a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container and the two sets of relief pipes.

[0191] S5.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S5.2-S5.7.

[0192] S5.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition in S5.1 to "0"; cycle through S5.2-S5.8; based on the data obtained in S5.7 and S5.8, explore the influence of the material type, thickness, porosity and installation position of the porous material plate 13 on the hydrogen explosion-proof performance.

[0193] S6: To explore the effects and mechanisms of synergistic end-release and explosion-proof effects on hydrogen explosions.

[0194] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0195] S6.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0196] S6.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z;

[0197] S6.3: All lateral vents shall be sealed with blind flanges, but the end vent shall not be sealed. The end vent shall be sealed with a rupture disc.

[0198] S6.4: Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, ignition energy is Q, venting area is S, and membrane rupture pressure is F;

[0199] S6.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S6.1-S6.4;

[0200] S6.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the end vent.

[0201] S6.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S6.2-S6.7.

[0202] S6.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0" and cycle through S6.2-S6.8; based on the data obtained in S6.7 and S6.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic end-venting and explosion-proof effect on hydrogen explosion.

[0203] S7: To explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral venting and explosion-proof effects on hydrogen explosions.

[0204] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0205] S7.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0206] S7.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z;

[0207] S7.3: The end vent and part of the side vent are sealed with blind flanges, and the other part of the side vent is sealed with rupture discs;

[0208] S7.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F.

[0209] S7.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S7.1-S7.4;

[0210] S7.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent.

[0211] S7.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S7.2-S7.7.

[0212] S7.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0"; cycle through S7.2-S7.8; based on the data obtained from S7.7 and S7.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions.

[0213] S8: To explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral venting, terminal venting and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions.

[0214] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0215] S8.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0216] S8.2: Set the material type X, thickness D, porosity U, and installation position Z of the porous material plate;

[0217] S8.3: Use blind flanges to seal part of the lateral vents, but do not seal the end vent; seal the end vent and another part of the lateral vents with rupture discs;

[0218] S8.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F;

[0219] S8.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S8.1-S8.4;

[0220] S8.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent and the end vent.

[0221] S8.7: Change one of the following: material type X of the porous material plate, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry; keep the others unchanged; repeat S8.2-S8.7.

[0222] S8.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0" and cycle through S8.2-S8.8; based on the data obtained from S8.7 and S8.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting, terminal explosion venting and explosion-proof effect on hydrogen explosion.

[0223] S9: Explore the effects and mechanisms of synergistic effects of all lateral venting, terminal venting and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions.

[0224] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0225] S9.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1";

[0226] S9.2: Set the material type X, thickness D, porosity U, and installation position Z of the porous material plate;

[0227] S9.3: All end vents and side vents shall be sealed with rupture discs;

[0228] S9.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F;

[0229] S9.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S9.1-S9.4;

[0230] S9.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent and the end vent.

[0231] S9.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate; keep the others unchanged; repeat S9.2-S9.7.

[0232] S9.8: Set the symmetrical explosion venting condition to "0"; loop through S9.2-S9.8; based on the data from S9.7 and S9.8,

[0233] To explore the effects and mechanisms of synergistic effects of all lateral venting, terminal venting, and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions.

[0234] Figure 5 These are pressure diagrams at different locations for different discharge areas; Figure 5 (a) is a pressure diagram of the first pipeline unit 9 with discharge diameters of 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm and 100 mm respectively; Figure 5 (b) is a pressure diagram at a distance of 400mm from the end vent, with vent diameters of 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, and 100mm respectively; 5(c) is a pressure diagram at a distance of 800mm from the end vent, with vent diameters of 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, and 100mm respectively; 5(d) is a pressure diagram at a distance of 1200mm from the end vent, with vent diameters of 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, and 100mm respectively.

[0235] Figure 6 These are images of flame propagation at the end vent under different venting areas; Figure 6 (a) is an image of flame propagation during the 0.5ms-5ms process with a 60mm discharge diameter. Figure 6 (b) is an image of flame propagation during the 0.5ms-5ms process with a 70mm discharge diameter. Figure 6 (c) is an image of flame propagation during the 0.5ms-5ms process with an 80mm discharge diameter. Figure 6 (d) is an image of flame propagation during the 0.5ms-5ms process with a 90mm discharge diameter. Figure 6 (e) is an image of flame propagation during the 0.5ms-5ms process with a 100mm discharge diameter.

[0236] Figure 7 These are images showing the temperature field distribution of the vent flame at the end vent for different vent areas; Figure 7 (a) is an image showing the temperature field distribution of the venting flame during the 1ms-5ms process with a venting diameter of 60mm. Figure 7 (b) is the temperature field distribution image of the venting flame during the 1ms-5ms process under a venting diameter of 70mm. Figure 7 (c) is the temperature field distribution image of the venting flame during the 1ms-5ms process under a venting diameter of 80mm. Figure 7 (d) is the temperature field distribution image of the venting flame during the 1ms-5ms process with a venting diameter of 90mm. Figure 7 (e) is the temperature field distribution image of the venting flame during the 1ms-5ms process under a venting diameter of 1000mm.

[0237] Figure 8 These are microstructure diagrams of the discharge flow field at the terminal discharge port under different discharge areas; Figure 8 (a) shows the flow field microstructure at time points of 0.5ms, 4ms, 8.5ms, 19.5ms, 41.5ms and 55.5ms with a discharge diameter of 60mm; Figure 8 (b) shows the flow field microstructure at time points of 0.5ms, 4ms, 7.5ms, 18.5ms, 32.5ms and 48.5ms with a discharge diameter of 70mm; Figure 8 (c) shows the flow field microstructure at time points of 0.5ms, 4.5ms, 7.5ms, 18.0ms, 25.5ms and 36.5ms with an 80mm discharge diameter; Figure 8 (d) shows the flow field microstructure at time points of 0.5ms, 5ms, 11.0ms, 17.0ms, 23.5ms and 29.5ms with a discharge diameter of 90mm; Figure 8 (e) shows the flow field microstructure at time points of 0.5ms, 1.0ms, 10.0ms, 16.5ms, 24.5ms and 27.0ms with a discharge diameter of 100mm.

[0238] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A performance testing device for the synergistic effect of hydrogen explosion suppression and multi-stage explosion venting, comprising a transparent explosion container, a schlieren system, a venting flame imaging system, a vacuum gas distribution system, a synchronous controller, and a program control and data acquisition system; characterized in that, It also includes two transparent venting pipes and a pressure sensing system; the two venting pipes are symmetrically arranged on the explosion container along surface P; The entire discharge pipeline comprises: The first pipeline unit is tubular, with one end integrally mounted on the explosive container and capable of communicating with the explosive container. Multiple second pipe units are sequentially connected to form a whole, denoted as pipe unit A. Pipe unit A is tubular, with one end connected and communicating with the other end of the first pipe unit, which is the final vent. Each second pipe unit has a lateral vent on its upper surface. Both the final vent and the lateral vent are equipped with blind flanges or rupture discs. The venting flame imaging system includes a second high-speed camera and a high-speed infrared thermal imager. The second high-speed camera can capture real-time images of the flames inside the venting pipe or the explosive container, and it can also capture real-time images of the flames outside the venting pipe. The high-speed infrared thermal imager can capture infrared images of the lateral vents or the final vent. A perforated material plate can be installed between two adjacent second pipe units or between a second pipe unit and a first pipe unit; The pressure sensing system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller. The pressure sensing system includes: Multiple first pressure sensors are installed at the end vent, outside the entire pipeline A, and spaced apart along the axis of the end vent. Multiple sets of second pressure sensors are set at each lateral vent location. Each set of second pressure sensors contains multiple second pressure sensors. Taking a set of second pressure sensors as an example, the set of second pressure sensors is located outside the entire pipeline A. The multiple second pressure sensors of the set are spaced apart along the axis of the lateral vent. Multiple third pressure sensors are installed on the inner wall of each second piping unit and the explosion container; It also includes multiple igniters, installed in the explosion container and each second piping unit; and a temperature control system, which is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronization controller. The temperature control system includes: A metal heat-conducting pipe is installed in the interlayer of the explosion container and the venting pipeline. One end of the metal heat-conducting pipe is connected to a pump, the outlet of the pump is connected to and communicates with the metal heat-conducting pipe, and the inlet of the pump is connected to and communicates with a container containing methyl silicone oil. The other end of the metal heat-conducting pipe is connected to and communicates with a container containing methyl silicone oil. A heater for heating the methyl silicone oil is installed in the container containing methyl silicone oil. Multiple thermocouples are installed on the inner walls of the explosion container and each second pipeline unit. The thermocouple installed on the inner wall of the explosion container is designated as the first thermocouple. The first thermocouple is used to monitor the gas temperature in the explosion container and the venting pipeline as a whole.

2. The hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion-proof synergistic performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The schlieren system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system through a synchronous controller; the schlieren system can capture microscopic flow field images of the entire venting pipe or the inside of the explosion container, as well as microscopic flow field images of the outside of the entire venting pipe. The schlieren system includes: a light source, a first reflector, a second reflector, a condenser lens, and a first high-speed camera. The light energy emitted by the light source is focused by the condenser lens and then shines on the first reflector. The light is reflected by the first reflector and passes through the transparent venting pipe or explosive container to the second reflector, and then reflected by the second reflector to be captured by the first high-speed camera.

3. The hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion-proof synergistic performance testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vacuum gas distribution system is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller; the vacuum gas distribution system includes: The gas distribution system, air storage tank, and hydrogen storage tank are connected to the gas distribution system via air pipes and hydrogen pipes, respectively. Air valves and hydrogen valves are installed on the air pipes and hydrogen pipes, respectively, and both are electrically connected to the gas distribution system, which controls their opening and closing. The gas distribution system is connected to and communicates with the cavity of the explosive container via a mixing pipe, on which a control valve is installed. This control valve is electrically connected to the gas distribution system, which enables its opening and closing. The gas distribution system is connected to a program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller, which controls the gas distribution within the system. A vacuum pump is connected to and communicates with the cavity of the explosive container through a vacuum tube; a vacuum valve is installed on the vacuum tube; the vacuum valve is electrically connected to the gas distribution system, which can control the start and stop of the vacuum pump and the opening and closing of the vacuum valve. The pressure gauge, installed on the explosion container, is used to monitor the gas pressure inside the explosion container. The pressure gauge is connected to the program control and data acquisition system via a synchronous controller.

4. The hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion-proof synergistic performance testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The venting pipe is a square tube with square ends; the explosive container is a cube.

5. A method for testing the synergistic performance of hydrogen explosion-proofing and multi-stage explosion venting, based on the hydrogen explosion-proofing and multi-stage explosion venting synergistic performance testing device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Determine the type of initial conditions for explosion venting; The types include: hydrogen concentration; gas pressure in the explosion container; gas temperature in the explosion container; ignition location; ignition energy; venting area; and membrane rupture pressure. S2: Determine the symmetrical situation of the explosion venting; Symmetrical explosion venting situations include: symmetrical explosion venting and non-symmetrical explosion venting. The meaning of explosion venting symmetry is: the rupture discs or blind flanges installed on the two sets of venting pipes are symmetrically arranged along surface P; If the explosion venting is symmetrical, it is recorded as "1"; if the explosion venting is not symmetrical, it is recorded as "0". S3: Determine the location of the explosion vent; Location scenarios include the following: B1: Use blind flanges to seal all lateral vents, install rupture discs on all end vents, and use only the end vents for venting; B2: Use blind flanges to seal all end vents, install rupture discs on all side vents, and use only the side vents for venting; B3: Seal all side vents and end vents with rupture discs; release all side vents and end vents. B4: Use blind flanges to seal part of the side vents, and install rupture discs on the other side vents and the end vent. Use the other side vents and the end vent for venting. Because the location of the lateral vent sealed by the blind flange is different, the venting position is also different. Let there be M possible venting positions. S4: Investigate the effects of flame characteristics and changes in internal and external pressure; Specifically, the following steps are included: S4.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1"; S4.2: Set the initial conditions for explosion venting; Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, ignition energy is Q, venting area is S, and membrane rupture pressure is F; S4.3: Selection of explosion venting location; Let the location of the explosion vent be BJ, where J∈[1,M]; S4.4: Equip with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S4.1-S4.3; do not install porous material plates; S4.5: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the side vents and the end vents. S4.6: Repeat S4.2-S4.6, BJ increases with the number of iterations until J=M and the loop stops; S4.7: Set the symmetrical explosion venting condition in S4.1 to "0"; loop S4.2-S4.7, BJ increases with the number of loops, until J=M and the loop stops; S4.8: Based on the data obtained in S4.6 and S4.7, explore the influence of flame characteristics and changes in internal and external pressure; S5: Investigate the effects of porous material plate material type, thickness, porosity and installation position on hydrogen explosion-proof performance; Specifically, the following steps are included: S5.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1"; S5.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z; S5.3: All lateral and end vents shall be sealed with blind flanges; S5.4: Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, and ignition energy is Q; S5.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S5.1-S5.4; S5.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter to ignite; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of relief pipes; and a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container and the two sets of relief pipes. S5.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S5.2-S5.

7. S5.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition in S5.1 to "0"; cycle through S5.2-S5.8; based on the data obtained in S5.7 and S5.8, explore the influence of the porous material plate material type, thickness, porosity and installation position on the hydrogen explosion-proof performance. S6: To explore the effects and mechanisms of synergistic end-release and explosion-proof effects on hydrogen explosions; Specifically, the following steps are included: S6.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1"; S6.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z; S6.3: All lateral vents shall be sealed with blind flanges, but the end vent shall not be sealed. The end vent shall be sealed with a rupture disc. S6.4: Settings: Hydrogen concentration is K, gas pressure in the explosion container is P, gas temperature in the explosion container is T, ignition position is H, ignition energy is Q, venting area is S, and membrane rupture pressure is F; S6.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S6.1-S6.4; S6.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the end vent. S6.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S6.2-S6.

7. S6.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0" and cycle through S6.2-S6.8; based on the data obtained in S6.7 and S6.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic end-release and explosion-proof effect on hydrogen explosion; S7: To explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral deflation and explosion-proof effects on hydrogen explosions; Specifically, the following steps are included: S7.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1"; S7.2: Set the material type of the porous material plate as X, the thickness as D, the porosity as U, and the installation position as Z; S7.3: The end vent and part of the side vent are sealed with blind flanges, and the other part of the side vent is sealed with rupture discs; S7.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F. S7.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S7.1-S7.4; S7.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent. S7.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate, while keeping the others unchanged, and repeat S7.2-S7.

7. S7.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0"; cycle through S7.2-S7.8; based on the data obtained from S7.7 and S7.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions; S8: To explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting, terminal explosion venting and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions; Specifically, the following steps are included: S8.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1"; S8.2: Set the material type X, thickness D, porosity U, and installation position Z of the porous material plate; S8.3: Use blind flanges to seal part of the lateral vents, but do not seal the end vent; seal the end vent and another part of the lateral vents with rupture discs; S8.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F; S8.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S8.1-S8.4; S8.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the lateral vent and the end vent. S8.7: Change one of the following: material type X of the porous material plate, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry; keep the others unchanged; repeat S8.2-S8.

7. S8.8: Set the explosion symmetry condition to "0" and cycle through S8.2-S8.8; based on the data obtained from S8.7 and S8.8, explore the influence and mechanism of synergistic multi-stage lateral explosion venting, terminal explosion venting and explosion-proof effect on hydrogen explosion; S9: Explore the impact and mechanism of synergistic effects of all lateral deflation, terminal deflation and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions; Specifically, the following steps are included: S9.1: Set the explosion venting symmetrical condition to "1"; S9.2: Set the material type X, thickness D, porosity U, and installation position Z of the porous material plate; S9.3: All end vents and side vents shall be sealed with rupture discs; S9.4: Set the hydrogen concentration to K, the gas pressure in the explosion container to P, the gas temperature in the explosion container to T, the ignition position to H, the ignition energy to Q, the venting area to S, and the membrane rupture pressure to F; S9.5: Equipped with a hydrogen explosion-proof and multi-stage explosion relief synergistic performance testing device according to the conditions of S9.1-S9.4; S9.6: The program control and data acquisition system controls the igniter for ignition; multiple first pressure sensors, multiple second pressure sensors, and multiple third pressure sensors monitor pressure data; all thermocouples collect temperature data; the schlieren system captures images of the overall internal micro-flow field of the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures images of the external micro-flow field of the two sets of venting pipes; a second high-speed camera captures real-time images of the flames inside the explosion container or the two sets of venting pipes, and captures real-time images of the flames outside the two sets of venting pipes; a high-speed infrared thermal imager captures infrared images of the flames outside the side vents and the end vents. S9.7: Change one of the following: material type X, thickness D, porosity U, installation position Z, or explosion venting symmetry of the porous material plate; keep the others unchanged; repeat S9.2-S9.

7. S9.8: Set the symmetrical explosion venting condition to "0"; loop through S9.2-S9.8; based on the data from S9.7 and S9.8, To explore the effects and mechanisms of synergistic effects of all lateral venting, terminal venting, and explosion-proofing on hydrogen explosions.

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