Grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method, and relates to the field of ecological management, the method comprises three steps of biological activity analysis, ecosystem analysis and ecological maintenance management, firstly, in a biological activity analysis link, biological activity data of each grassland area is collected, and through biological activity model analysis, the grassland ecosystem service value is obtained; secondly, in an ecological system analysis link, collecting plant ecological development data of each grassland area, combining a plant ecological model and an animal ecological model to obtain a plant ecological development level and an animal ecological development level, and finally, in an ecological maintenance management link, obtaining a plant ecological development level and an animal ecological development level. And an ecological maintenance and management scheme is formulated by integrating the biological activity value evaluation grade, the plant ecological development grade and the animal ecological development grade, and the method is beneficial to improving the sustainable utilization capability of grassland resources, so that the service value of a grassland ecosystem is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of ecological management, and in particular to a method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem. Background Art

[0002] Grassland ecosystems provide humans with a variety of ecological services, mainly through food production through animal husbandry. Through service value assessment methods, the value of grassland ecosystems can be effectively utilized for ecological maintenance and management. Therefore, a grassland ecosystem service value assessment method is needed.

[0003] Prior art, such as the invention patent application with announcement number CN111612306A, discloses a method for assessing the service value of grassland ecosystems, including the following steps: clarifying the differences between high-coverage, medium-coverage, and low-coverage grassland ecosystems; establishing a grassland ecological service classification system and drawing an energy flow diagram based on grassland types and their service function types; using energy value analysis to calculate the direct value, indirect value, and existence value of grassland ecosystems; calculating grassland classification management index; and performing zoning management based on grassland classification management index. The present invention constructs a grassland ecosystem service value assessment framework and methodology based on energy value analysis, which has the characteristics of high evaluation accuracy and rationality, and the calculated grassland ecosystem service value can provide a certain scientific basis for the protection and management of grasslands and the establishment and improvement of ecological compensation mechanisms.

[0004] The above scheme has at least the following shortcomings: 1. The service value of grassland ecosystem is mainly reflected in ecological environment stability and provision of livestock fodder. The above scheme only analyzes climate regulation factors such as carbon fixation services and purification of atmospheric pollutants. The main ecosystem for climate regulation is forest ecosystem. The above scheme does not analyze the provision of livestock fodder in the main service value of grassland ecosystem. It is impossible to accurately evaluate the service value of grassland ecosystem and effectively utilize the service value of grassland ecosystem.

[0005] 2. The above plan only evaluates the value of the grassland ecosystem, but does not utilize the assessed value data. It does not set up a grassland ecological management plan based on the value assessment data of the grassland ecosystem, and is unable to manage the grassland ecosystem in a targeted manner, and thus is unable to effectively utilize the value assessment data of the grassland ecosystem, resulting in a waste of data. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for assessing the service value of grassland ecosystems.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem, comprising the following steps: Step 1, biological activity analysis: Collect biological activity data from each grassland area, analyze the biological activity data from each grassland area based on a biological activity model, and obtain a biological activity value evaluation level for each grassland area.

[0008] Step 2. Ecosystem analysis: Collect plant ecological development data from each grassland area, analyze the plant ecological development data based on the biological activity value assessment level and plant ecological model of each grassland area, and obtain the plant ecological development level of each grassland area. At the same time, collect animal ecological development value assessment data from each grassland area, analyze the animal ecological development data based on the biological activity value assessment level and animal ecological model of each grassland area, and obtain the animal ecological development level of each grassland area.

[0009] Step 3. Ecological maintenance and management: Based on the ecosystem service model, analyze the plant ecological development level and animal ecological development level of each grassland area to obtain the ecological stability level of each grassland area. According to the ecological stability level and biological activity value assessment level of each grassland area, set up an ecological maintenance and management plan.

[0010] Preferably, the setting of the ecological maintenance management plan is specifically carried out as follows: the biological activity assessment value level and ecological stability level of each grassland area are input into the ecological maintenance model: The output result γ of the a-th grassland area is obtained a , the output values ​​include 0, 1, 2 and 3, where α′ a and β″′ a are the biological activity assessment value grade and ecological stability grade of grassland area No. a respectively, and α′ and β″′ are the preset standard biological activity assessment value grade and standard ecological stability grade respectively.

[0011] If the output result of a grassland area is 0, it indicates that the area is a high-value and low-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the amount of grazing in the grassland area. If the output result of a grassland is 1, it indicates that the area is a high-value and high-stability area, and the herders are prompted to increase the amount of grazing in the grassland. If the output result of a grassland is 2, it indicates that the area is a low-value and high-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the grazing time in the grassland. If the output result of a grassland is 3, it indicates that the area is a low-value and low-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the grazing time in the grassland, and the staff are reminded to maintain the grassland, so as to set up ecological maintenance and management plans for each grassland area.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The method of the present invention first collects biological activity data of each grassland area in the biological activity analysis link, and obtains the biological activity value assessment level through biological activity model analysis. Then, in the ecosystem analysis link, the plant ecological development data of each grassland area is collected, and the plant ecological development level and the animal ecological development level are obtained by combining the plant ecological model and the animal ecological model. Finally, in the ecological maintenance and management link, the biological activity value assessment level, the plant ecological development level and the animal ecological development level are comprehensively considered to formulate an ecological maintenance and management plan. The present invention helps to improve the sustainable utilization capacity of grassland resources, thereby improving the service value of grassland ecosystems.

[0013] 2. The present invention can clarify the resource status and ecological carrying capacity of different grassland areas through a comprehensive assessment of grassland ecosystems. For high-value and high-stability areas, the intensity of resource utilization can be moderately increased while ensuring ecological stability; for low-value or ecologically unstable areas, resource utilization can be reduced to promote the allocation of resources in a more reasonable direction, improve resource utilization efficiency, and achieve sustainable resource utilization.

[0014] 3. Evaluation and analysis can maintain the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems. The ecological maintenance and management plan set up based on the evaluation results can provide specific grassland management guidance for herders and related staff. According to the biological activity evaluation value level and ecological stability level of different grassland areas, the grazing quantity and duration can be reasonably adjusted, and the staff can be prompted to carry out targeted grassland maintenance, thereby realizing the scientific management and effective protection of grassland ecosystems and avoiding ecological damage caused by over-exploitation and unreasonable use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of the steps for implementing the method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] according to Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for assessing the service value of a grassland ecosystem, comprising the following steps: Step 1, biological activity analysis: collecting biological activity data of each grassland area, analyzing the biological activity data of each grassland area based on a biological activity model, and obtaining a biological activity value assessment level of each grassland area.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the biological activity data of each grassland area is collected, and the specific collection process is as follows: the biological activity data of each grassland area includes the average activity duration, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding duration and feeding rate of each animal in each grassland area, and the video of each grassland area is obtained by a camera, and then the activity duration, activity area and feeding duration of each animal in each grassland area on each day are obtained from the video of each grassland area by machine vision technology, and the activity duration, activity area and feeding duration of each animal in each grassland area on each day are averaged to obtain the average value of each The average activity duration, average activity area and average feeding duration of each animal in the grassland area, and the average feeding duration of each animal in each grassland area are obtained based on the average feeding duration of each animal in each grassland area, and the average total feeding duration of each animal is obtained by statistics. The average feeding duration of each animal in each grassland area is divided by the average total feeding duration to obtain the feeding rate of each animal in each grassland area, and the feeding rate of each animal in each grassland area is obtained accordingly. The average activity duration of each animal in each grassland area is analyzed according to the feeding rate analysis method to obtain the activity rate of each animal in each grassland area.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the biological activity data of each grassland area is analyzed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: the average activity duration, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding duration and feeding rate of each animal in each grassland area are input into the biological activity model to obtain the output results of each animal in each grassland area, and the output results have numerical values ​​including 0 and 1.

[0021] If the output result of an animal in a grassland area is 0, it indicates that the creature is an effective active animal in the grassland area. In this way, the effective active animals in each grassland area are obtained, and the average activity time, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding time and feeding rate of each effective active animal in each grassland area are input into the biological activity value assessment calculation formula:

[0022] The biological activity value evaluation index α′ of the a-th grassland area is obtained a, obtain the biological activity value assessment index range of each biological activity assessment value level from the database. If the biological activity value assessment value index of a grassland area belongs to the biological activity value assessment value index range of a certain biological activity assessment value level, it indicates that the biological activity assessment value level of the grassland area is the biological activity assessment value level, thereby obtaining the biological activity assessment value level of each grassland area.

[0023] It should be noted that e is a natural constant, A′ ad , A″ ad , A″′ ad , B′ ad and B′ ad are the average activity duration, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding duration and feeding rate of the dth effective active animal in the ath grassland area, respectively; d is the number of each effective active animal, d=1,2...n, n>2, the value of n is the total number of effective active animals, A′, A″, A″′, B′ and B″ are the preset standard activity duration, standard activity area, standard activity rate, standard feeding duration and standard feeding rate, ε1 and ε2 are the preset weight factors of activity duration and activity area, respectively, ε1>0, ε2>0, ε1+ε2=1, φ1 and φ2 are the preset weight factors of biological activities and biological feeding, respectively, φ1>0, φ2>0, φ1+φ2=1, and L is the preset standard biological activity value assessment index.

[0024] In a specific embodiment, the biological activity model expression is:

[0025] Among them, α ab is the output result of the bth organism in the ath grassland area, a is the number of each grassland area, the value of a is a positive integer, b is the number of each organism, the value of b is a positive integer, e is a natural constant, A′ ab , A″ ab , A″′ ab , B′ ab and B″ ab are the average activity duration, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding duration and feeding rate of organism No. b in grassland area No. a, respectively; A′, A″, A″′, B′ and B″ are the preset standard activity duration, standard activity area, standard activity rate, standard feeding duration and standard feeding rate, respectively; ε1 and ε2 are the preset weight factors of activity duration and activity area, respectively; ε1>0, ε2>0, ε1+ε2=1; φ1 and φ2 are the preset weight factors of biological activities and biological feeding, respectively; φ1>0, φ2>0, φ1+φ2=1; L is the preset standard biological activity value assessment index.

[0026] It should be noted that the standard activity duration A′ is the threshold of the average activity duration. When the average activity duration of an animal in a grassland area is greater than the standard activity duration, it indicates that the animal prefers to be active in this grassland area. Analyzing the organism in this grassland area is more valuable and can improve the accuracy of subsequent analysis. The specific value is set by the staff, for example, A′ is 0.5. The setting process of φ1 and φ2 is related to the proportion of eating time of the biological species. The greater the proportion of eating time, the larger φ2 is, and the smaller the proportion of eating time, the larger φ1 is. The specific value is set by the staff, for example, φ1 is 0.37 and φ2 is 0.63. The setting process of standard parameters A″, A″′, B′, B″ and L is the same as the setting process of standard parameters, for example, A″ is 1.6, A″′ is 0.6, B′ is 1.2, B″ is 0.8 and L is 1.3.

[0027] Step 2. Ecosystem analysis: Collect plant ecological development data from each grassland area, analyze the plant ecological development data based on the biological activity value assessment level and plant ecological model of each grassland area, and obtain the plant ecological development level of each grassland area. At the same time, collect animal ecological development value assessment data from each grassland area, analyze the animal ecological development data based on the biological activity value assessment level and animal ecological model of each grassland area, and obtain the animal ecological development level of each grassland area.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the plant ecological development data of each grassland area is collected, and the specific collection process is as follows: the plant ecological development data of each grassland area includes the plant coverage area of ​​each grassland area, the height of each plant, the rhizome size of each plant and the edible green leaf area of ​​each plant, and the picture of each grassland area is collected by a camera, and the plant coverage area of ​​each grassland area, the height of each plant, the rhizome size of each plant and the edible green leaf area of ​​each plant are obtained by image recognition technology.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, the plant ecological development data of each grassland area is analyzed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: the plant coverage area of ​​each grassland area, the height of each plant, the root and stem size of each plant and the edible green leaf area of ​​each plant are input into the plant ecological model to obtain the output result of each grassland area. The numerical value r of the output result is the plant ecological development level, r=1,2...u, u>2, u is the maximum plant ecological development level, so as to obtain the plant ecological development level of each grassland area.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the plant ecological model expression is:

[0031] Among them, β′ a is the output result of the grassland area a, e is a natural constant, f′a is the growth rate of plant coverage area in grassland area a, p′ ac , p″ ac and p″′ ac is the height, rhizome size and edible green leaf area of ​​the cth plant in the ath grassland area, c is the number of each plant, c = 1, 2...m, m> 2, the value of m is the total number of plants, f' is the preset standard plant coverage area, p' a , p″ a and p″′ a They are the standard height, standard rhizome size and standard edible green leaf area corresponding to the biological activity assessment value level of grassland area a in the database. and are the preset weight factors of grassland plant coverage area and plant growth index, respectively. δ1 and δ2 are the preset weight factors of height growth rate and root size growth rate, δ1>0, δ2>0, δ1+δ2=1, M r-1 、M r , M1 and M u-1 They are the preset r-1th evaluation index, rth evaluation index, 1st evaluation index and u-1th evaluation index respectively.

[0032] It should be noted that the standard parameter p′ ac , p″ ac , p″′ ac 、M r-1 、M r , M1 and M u-1 The setting process of is the same as that of the standard parameter A′, for example, p′ ac is 0.7, p″ ac is 0.4, p″′ ac 0.7, M r-1 0.5, M r is 0.6, M1 is 0.4 and M u-1 is 1.9, the weight factor The setting process of δ1 and δ2 is the same as that of the weight factor φ1, for example is 0.3, is 0.7, δ1 is 0.4 and δ2 is 0.6.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the animal ecological development data of each grassland area is collected, and the specific collection process is as follows: the animal ecological development data of each grassland area includes the growth rate of effective active animals in each grassland area, the mass growth of each effective active animal, the food intake growth of each effective active animal and the activity time growth of each effective active animal.

[0034] According to the analysis method of effective active animals, the current number of effective active animals in each grassland area and the last number of effective active animals collected in the past are analyzed. The difference between the current number of effective active animals in each grassland area and the last number of effective active animals collected in the past is subtracted and divided by the last number of effective active animals collected in each grassland area to obtain the growth rate of effective active animals in each grassland area.

[0035] At the end of grazing every day, the mass of each effective active animal is collected through a gravity sensor to obtain the current mass of each effective organism in each grassland area and the last collected mass in the past. The current mass of each effective organism in each grassland area is subtracted from the last collected mass to obtain the mass growth of each effective active animal. Videos of each grassland area are collected through cameras, and the feeding time of each effective active animal is obtained from the videos of each grassland area through machine vision to obtain the current feeding time and the last collected feeding time of each effective organism in each grassland area. Similarly, according to the analysis method of the mass growth of each effective active animal, the current feeding time and the last collected feeding time of each effective organism in each grassland area are analyzed to obtain the feeding growth of each effective active animal in each grassland area.

[0036] Through machine vision, the activity duration of each effective active animal is obtained from the video of each grassland area, so as to obtain the current activity duration and the last collected activity duration of each effective active animal in each grassland area. According to the analysis method of the growth rate of effective active animals in each grassland area, the current activity duration and the last collected activity duration of each effective active animal in each grassland area are analyzed to obtain the activity duration growth rate of each effective active animal in each grassland area.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the animal ecological development data of each grassland area is analyzed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: the growth rate of effective active animals in each grassland area, the mass growth of each effective active animal, the food intake growth of each effective active animal and the activity time growth rate of each effective active animal are input into the animal ecology model to obtain the output result of each grassland area. The value s of the output result is the animal ecological development level, s=1,2...v, v>2, v is the maximum animal ecological development level, so as to obtain the animal ecological development level of each grassland area.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the animal ecological model expression is:

[0039] Among them, β″ a is the output result of the grassland area a, e is a natural constant, f″ a is the effective growth rate of active animals in grassland area a, q′ ad ,q″ adand q″′ ad为 The mass growth, food intake growth and activity time growth rate of the dth effective active animal in the ath grassland area, d is the number of each effective active animal, d = 1, 2...n, n>2, the value of n is the total number of effective active animals, f″ is the preset standard plant coverage area, q′ a ,q″ a and q″′ a are the standard quality growth, standard feeding growth and standard activity time growth corresponding to the biological activity assessment value level of grassland area a in the database, λ1, λ2 and λ3 are the preset weight factors of effective active animal growth rate, animal growth index and activity time growth rate, λ1>0, λ2>0, λ3>0, λ1+λ2+λ3=1, N s-1 、N s , N1 and N v-1 They are respectively the preset s-1th animal development value assessment index, sth animal development value assessment index, 1st animal development value assessment index and v-1th animal development value assessment index.

[0040] It should be noted that the standard parameter q′ ad ,q″ ad ,q″′ ad 、N s-1 、N s , N1 and N v-1 The setting process of is the same as that of the standard parameter A′, for example, q′ ad =0.6, q″ ad =0.4, q″′ ad 0.7, N s-1 0.64, N s is 0.67, N1 is 0.35 and N v-1 The weight factors λ1, λ2 and λ3 are set in the same way as the weight factor φ1, for example, λ1 is 0.3, λ2 is 0.4 and λ3 is 0.3.

[0041] Step 3. Ecological maintenance and management: Based on the ecosystem service model, analyze the plant ecological development level and animal ecological development level of each grassland area to obtain the ecological stability level of each grassland area. According to the ecological stability level and biological activity value assessment level of each grassland area, set up an ecological maintenance and management plan.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the biological activity value assessment level, plant ecological development level and animal ecological development level of each grassland area are analyzed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: the plant ecological service stability index corresponding to each plant ecological development level and the animal ecological service stability index corresponding to each animal ecological development level are obtained from the database, and the plant ecological service stability index and the animal ecological service stability index of each grassland area are obtained according to the plant ecological development and animal ecological development levels of each grassland area. The plant ecological service stability index and the animal ecological service stability index of each grassland area are input into the ecosystem service model to obtain the output results of each grassland area. The output result value x is the ecological stability level, x=1,2...y, y>2, and the value of y is the maximum ecological stability level.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the ecosystem service model expression is: Among them, β″′ a is the output result of the grassland area a, e is a natural constant, G′ a and G″ a is the plant ecological service stability index and animal ecological service stability index of grassland area a, G′ and G″ are the preset standard plant ecological service stability index and standard animal ecological service stability index, θ1 and θ2 are the preset weight factors of plant ecological service stability index and animal ecological service stability index, θ1>0, θ2>0, θ1+θ2=1, H x-1 , H x , H1 and H y-1 They are respectively the preset x-1th ecosystem stability value assessment index, the xth ecosystem stability value assessment index, the 1st ecosystem stability value assessment index and the y-1th ecosystem stability value assessment index.

[0044] It should be noted that the standard parameters G′, G″, H x-1 , H x , H1 and H y-1 The setting process of is the same as that of the standard parameter A′, for example, G′ is 0.8, G″ is 0.9, H x-1 0.8, H x is 0.9, H1 is 0.4 and H y-1 is 2.1, and the weight factors θ1 and θ2 are set in the same way as the weight factor φ1, for example, θ1 is 0.45 and θ2 is 0.55.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, an ecological maintenance management plan is set, and the specific setting process is as follows: the biological activity assessment value level and ecological stability level of each grassland area are input into the ecological maintenance model: The output result γ of the a-th grassland area is obtained a , the output values ​​include 0, 1, 2 and 3, where α′ a and β″′ a are the biological activity assessment value grade and ecological stability grade of grassland area No. a respectively, and α′ and β″′ are the preset standard biological activity assessment value grade and standard ecological stability grade respectively.

[0046] It should be noted that the setting process of the standard parameters α′ and β″′ is the same as the setting process of the standard parameter A′, for example, α′ is 6 and β″′ is 5.

[0047] If the output result of a grassland area is 0, it indicates that the area is a high-value and low-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the amount of grazing in the grassland area. If the output result of a grassland is 1, it indicates that the area is a high-value and high-stability area, and the herders are prompted to increase the amount of grazing in the grassland. If the output result of a grassland is 2, it indicates that the area is a low-value and high-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the grazing time in the grassland. If the output result of a grassland is 3, it indicates that the area is a low-value and low-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the grazing time in the grassland, and the staff are reminded to maintain the grassland, so as to set up ecological maintenance and management plans for each grassland area.

[0048] A database is used to store the biological activity value assessment index range of each biological activity assessment value level, the standard height corresponding to each biological activity assessment value level, the standard root and stem size corresponding to each biological activity assessment value level, the standard edible green leaf area corresponding to each biological activity assessment value level, the standard mass growth amount corresponding to each biological activity assessment value level, the standard feeding growth amount corresponding to each biological activity assessment value level, the standard activity time growth rate corresponding to each biological activity assessment value level, the plant ecological service stability index corresponding to each plant ecological development level, and the animal ecological service stability index corresponding to each animal ecological development level.

[0049] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined in this specification, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the value of grassland ecosystem services, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Biological activity analysis: Collect biological activity data of each grassland area, analyze the biological activity data of each grassland area based on the biological activity model, and obtain the biological activity value assessment level of each grassland area; Step 2: Ecosystem analysis: Collect plant ecological development data from each grassland area, analyze the plant ecological development data from each grassland area based on the biological activity value assessment level and plant ecological model of each grassland area, and obtain the plant ecological development level of each grassland area. At the same time, collect animal ecological development value assessment data from each grassland area, analyze the animal ecological development data from each grassland area based on the biological activity value assessment level and animal ecological model of each grassland area, and obtain the animal ecological development level of each grassland area. Step 3. Ecological maintenance and management: Based on the ecosystem service model, analyze the plant ecological development level and animal ecological development level of each grassland area to obtain the ecological stability level of each grassland area. According to the ecological stability level and biological activity value assessment level of each grassland area, set up an ecological maintenance and management plan.

2. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological activity data of each grassland area is analyzed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: The biological activity data of each grassland area include the average activity time, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding time and feeding rate of each animal in each grassland area. The average activity time, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding time and feeding rate of each animal in each grassland area are input into the biological activity model to obtain the output results of each animal in each grassland area. The output result values ​​include 0 and 1. If the output result of an animal in a grassland area is 0, it indicates that the organism is an effective active animal in the grassland area, and thus the effective active animals in each grassland area are obtained. The average activity duration, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding duration and feeding rate of each effective active animal in each grassland area are input into the biological activity value assessment calculation formula to obtain the biological activity value assessment index of each grassland area, and the biological activity value assessment index range of each biological activity assessment value level is obtained from the database. If the biological activity value assessment value index of a grassland area belongs to the biological activity value assessment value index range of a certain biological activity assessment value level, it indicates that the biological activity assessment value level of the grassland area is the biological activity assessment value level, and thus the biological activity assessment value level of each grassland area is obtained.

3. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biological activity model expression is: Among them, α ab is the output result of the bth organism in the ath grassland area, a is the number of each grassland area, the value of a is a positive integer, b is the number of each organism, the value of b is a positive integer, e is a natural constant, A′ ab , A″ ab , A″′ ab , B′ ab and B″ ab are the average activity duration, average activity area, activity rate, average feeding duration and feeding rate of organism No. b in grassland area No. a, respectively; A′, A″, A″′, B′ and B″ are the preset standard activity duration, standard activity area, standard activity rate, standard feeding duration and standard feeding rate, respectively; ε1 and ε2 are the preset weight factors of activity duration and activity area, respectively; ε1>0, ε2>0, ε1+ε2=1; φ1 and φ2 are the preset weight factors of biological activities and biological feeding, respectively; φ1>0, φ2>0, φ1+φ2=1; L is the preset standard biological activity value assessment index.

4. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant ecological development data of each grassland area is analyzed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: The plant ecological development data of each grassland area include the plant coverage area, the height of each plant, the rhizome size of each plant and the edible green leaf area of ​​each plant in each grassland area. The plant coverage area, the height of each plant, the rhizome size of each plant and the edible green leaf area of ​​each plant in each grassland area are input into the plant ecological model to obtain the output results of each grassland area. The output value r is the plant ecological development level, r=1,2...u, u>2, u is the maximum plant ecological development level, so as to obtain the plant ecological development level of each grassland area.

5. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plant ecological model expression is: Among them, β′ a is the output result of the grassland area a, e is a natural constant, f′ a is the growth rate of plant coverage area in grassland area a, p′ ac , p″ ac and p″′ ac is the height, rhizome size and edible green leaf area of ​​the cth plant in the ath grassland area, c is the number of each plant, c = 1, 2...m, m> 2, the value of m is the total number of plants, f' is the preset standard plant coverage area, p' a , p″ a and p″′ a They are the standard height, standard rhizome size and standard edible green leaf area corresponding to the biological activity assessment value level of grassland area a in the database. and are the preset weight factors of grassland plant coverage area and plant growth index, respectively. δ1 and δ2 are the preset weight factors of height growth rate and root size growth rate, δ1>0, δ2>0, δ1+δ2=1, M r-1 、M r , M1 and M u-1 They are the preset r-1th evaluation index, rth evaluation index, 1st evaluation index and u-1th evaluation index respectively.

6. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The animal ecological development data of each grassland area is analyzed, and the specific analysis process is as follows: The animal ecological development data of each grassland area include the growth rate of effective active animals in each grassland area, the mass growth of each effective active animal, the food growth of each effective active animal and the activity time growth of each effective active animal. The growth rate of effective active animals in each grassland area, the mass growth of each effective active animal, the food growth of each effective active animal and the activity time growth rate of each effective active animal are input into the animal ecological model to obtain the output result of each grassland area. The value s of the output result is the animal ecological development level, s=1,2......v, v>2, v is the maximum animal ecological development level, so as to obtain the animal ecological development level of each grassland area.

7. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The animal ecology model expression is: ， Among them, β″ a is the output result of the grassland area a, e is a natural constant, f″ a is the effective growth rate of active animals in grassland area a, q′ ad ,q″ ad and q″′ ad is the mass growth, food intake growth and activity duration growth rate of the dth effective active animal in the ath grassland area, d is the number of each effective active animal, d=1,2......n, n>2, the value of n is the total number of effective active animals, f″ is the preset standard plant coverage area, q′ a ,q″ a and q″′ a are the standard quality growth, standard feeding growth and standard activity time growth rate corresponding to the biological activity assessment value level of grassland area a in the database, λ1, λ2 and λ3 are the preset weight factors of effective active animal growth rate, animal growth index and activity time growth rate, λ1>0, λ2>0, λ3>0, λ1+λ2+λ3=1, N s-1 、N s , N1 and N v-1 They are respectively the preset s-1th animal development value assessment index, sth animal development value assessment index, 1st animal development value assessment index and v-1th animal development value assessment index.

8. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological activity value assessment level, plant ecological development level and animal ecological development level of each grassland area are analyzed. The specific analysis process is as follows: The plant ecological service stability index corresponding to each plant ecological development level and the animal ecological service stability index corresponding to each animal ecological development level are obtained from the database. According to the plant ecological development and animal ecological development levels of each grassland area, the plant ecological service stability index and the animal ecological service stability index of each grassland area are obtained. The plant ecological service stability index and the animal ecological service stability index of each grassland area are input into the ecosystem service model to obtain the output results of each grassland area. The output value is the ecological stability level.

9. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ecosystem service model expression is: is the output result of the grassland area a, e is a natural constant, G′ a and G″ a is the plant ecological service stability index and animal ecological service stability index of grassland area a, G′ and G″ are the preset standard plant ecological service stability index and standard animal ecological service stability index, θ1 and θ2 are the preset weight factors of plant ecological service stability index and animal ecological service stability index, θ1>0, θ2>0, θ1+θ2=1, H x-1 , H x , H1 and H y-1 They are respectively the preset x-1th ecosystem stability value assessment index, the xth ecosystem stability value assessment index, the 1st ecosystem stability value assessment index and the y-1th ecosystem stability value assessment index.

10. A grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific setting process of setting up the ecological maintenance and management plan is as follows: The biological activity assessment value level and ecological stability level of each grassland area are input into the ecological maintenance model: The output result γ of the a-th grassland area is obtained a , the output values ​​include 0, 1, 2 and 3, where α′ a and β″′ a are the biological activity assessment value level and ecological stability level of grassland area No. a, respectively; α′ and β″′ are the preset standard biological activity assessment value level and standard ecological stability level, respectively; If the output result of a grassland area is 0, it indicates that the area is a high-value and low-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the amount of grazing in the grassland area. If the output result of a grassland is 1, it indicates that the area is a high-value and high-stability area, and the herders are prompted to increase the amount of grazing in the grassland. If the output result of a grassland is 2, it indicates that the area is a low-value and high-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the grazing time in the grassland. If the output result of a grassland is 3, it indicates that the area is a low-value and low-stability area, and the herders are prompted to reduce the grazing time in the grassland, and the staff are reminded to maintain the grassland, so as to set up ecological maintenance and management plans for each grassland area.

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