Data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage deep coupling system

Abstract

The invention discloses a data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage deep coupling system, which comprises a data center and a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, and is characterized in that the data center comprises a power supply subsystem and a cooling heat dissipation subsystem; the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with the new energy power generation subsystem and / or the commercial power grid to serve as a power supply to be coupled to the power supply subsystem to supply power to the data center; a working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a carbon dioxide working medium is led out from the circulation loop to serve as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat of the data center. According to the scheme, on one hand, stable and uninterrupted electric power can be provided for the data center, and optimal allocation of energy consumption of the data center is achieved; on the other hand, the refrigeration energy consumption of the data center and the cost input of refrigeration system equipment can be reduced, waste heat generated by the data center can be recycled for the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, and the comprehensive utilization rate of system energy is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the intersection of carbon dioxide energy storage technology and data center technology, and in particular to a deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for a data center. Background Art

[0002] As an important cornerstone of the modern information society, data centers are new infrastructure for digital transformation, intelligent upgrading, and integrated innovation. With the rapid development of my country's digital economy and artificial intelligence, the computing power demand, computing power scale, and construction quantity of data centers have increased dramatically year by year, and the energy consumption of data centers has continued to rise. The surging power demand of data centers not only puts tremendous pressure on the power grid, but also brings severe environmental challenges. Among them, the power consumption of data centers is mainly composed of IT equipment, refrigeration equipment, power supply and distribution systems, lighting, etc. The energy consumption and thermal management requirements of data centers continue to rise, resulting in a significant increase in server heat generation. Existing studies have shown that the power consumption of refrigeration equipment caused by cooling and heat dissipation accounts for about 40% of the energy consumption of data centers, which is the main part of power consumption. At present, the power demand and energy consumption indicators of data centers have gradually become the key bottleneck restricting the development of data centers. How to optimize the power supply and cooling and heat dissipation solutions of data centers is a problem that the industry has been exploring and solving. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for a data center to solve the problem of how to provide stable power supply to the data center and reduce the energy consumption of cooling and heat dissipation of the data center.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for a data center, comprising a data center and a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, wherein the data center comprises a power supply subsystem and a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem; The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with the new energy power generation subsystem and / or the city power grid as a power supply and coupled to the power supply subsystem to supply power to the data center; The working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center; The working fluid circulation loop comprises a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component which are sequentially connected in a closed loop, and the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in at least one of the following coupling modes (I) to (IV): Coupling mode (I): a first throttling mechanism and a gas-liquid separation mechanism are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit, the liquid phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to the first cooling pipeline and coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate the heat of the data center and then returned to the gas storage unit or the energy release component; Coupling mode (II): a second cooling pipeline is provided at the outlet end of the energy storage component and coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a second throttling mechanism is provided on the second cooling pipeline to throttle and cool the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage component and then used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate the heat of the data center and then return it to the gas storage unit; Coupling mode (III): the connecting pipeline between the energy release component and the gas storage unit is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the gas storage unit; Coupling method (IV): The connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component.

[0005] In a specific embodiment, the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is a first temperature; when the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in the coupling mode (III), the energy release component is controlled to reduce the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet to below the second temperature to improve the energy release efficiency; wherein, the second temperature is lower than the first temperature, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is heated by heat exchange in the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem to above the first temperature, and then returned to the gas storage unit.

[0006] In a specific scheme, in the coupling mode (IV), the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component includes a first connecting pipeline and a second connecting pipeline; one end of the first connecting pipeline is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the other end is connected to the energy release component; the second connecting pipeline is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a first buffer tank and a third throttling mechanism are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is input to the first buffer tank, and then throttled and reduced in pressure by the third throttling mechanism and input to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and then returned to the energy release component after cooling and dissipating the data center.

[0007] In a specific embodiment, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem by combining at least one of the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (II) and at least one of the coupling mode (III) and the coupling mode (IV); When the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is in an energy storage condition, the carbon dioxide working fluid derived by the coupling mode (I) and / or the coupling mode (II) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center; when the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is in an energy release condition, the carbon dioxide working fluid derived by the coupling mode (III) and / or the coupling mode (IV) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center.

[0008] In a specific solution, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem by combining the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (IV); Wherein, in the coupling mode (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component; Wherein, a first valve is provided on the first cooling pipeline between the gas-liquid separation mechanism and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a second valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem.

[0009] In a specific scheme, the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem includes a cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium drawn out from the working medium circulation loop cools and dissipates the heat of the data center in a direct cooling manner or an indirect cooling manner; wherein, in the direct cooling manner, the carbon dioxide working medium is injected into the cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly exchanges heat with the heating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline; in the indirect cooling manner, the cooling circulation pipeline is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger and an intermediate heat exchange medium flows through it, the carbon dioxide working medium exchanges heat with the intermediate heat exchange medium in the intermediate heat exchanger, and then the intermediate heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the heating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline.

[0010] In a specific solution, the data center is also provided with a fire fighting subsystem, and the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is also coupled to the fire fighting subsystem, and the carbon dioxide working fluid in the working fluid circulation loop is used as a fire extinguishing agent for the fire fighting subsystem.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the fire protection subsystem in at least one of the following coupling modes (V) to (VI): Coupling mode (V): a first fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the gas storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem fire-fighting agent, and a third valve is provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline; Coupling method (VI): A second fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the liquid storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem's fire-fighting agent, and a fourth valve is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline.

[0012] In a specific solution, in the coupling mode (V), a driving fan and an air pressure sensor are also provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline.

[0013] In a specific solution, in the coupling mode (VI), a second buffer tank is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the fourth valve.

[0014] The embodiment of the present invention provides a deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for a data center. On the one hand, a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with a new energy power generation subsystem and / or a city power grid as a power supply to supply power to the data center. The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is used to store energy during a period of excess new energy power generation or a period of low electricity prices and release energy during a period of peak electricity prices, thereby providing a stable and uninterrupted power supply to the data center, thereby balancing the energy supply and demand of the data center, optimizing the allocation of energy for the data center, and solving the problems of high power supply and energy costs for the data center. On the other hand, carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center, thereby reducing the refrigeration energy consumption of the data center and the cost investment of the refrigeration system equipment, and the waste heat generated by the data center can also be recycled and utilized in the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the system energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of the deep coupling system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figures 2 to 7 It is a structural diagram of some preferred coupling modes of the working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem of the data center in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 is a structural block diagram of a deep coupling system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a structural block diagram of a deep coupling system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Fig.10It is a structural diagram of some preferred coupling modes for coupling the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem and the fire protection subsystem of the data center in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings and described according to the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0017] It should be noted that the same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0018] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solutions according to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0019] Example 1 This embodiment provides a deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for data centers. Figure 1 As shown, the system mainly includes a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 and a data center 200, and the data center 200 includes a power supply subsystem 201 and a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. The deep coupling system in this embodiment mainly includes two aspects of coupling. The first aspect is to couple the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 with the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200; the second aspect is to couple the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 with the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 to supply cold to the data center 200 and then cool and dissipate the heat of the data center 200.

[0020] Specifically, see Figures 2 to 7, the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 mainly includes a gas storage unit 101, an energy storage component 102, a liquid storage unit 103 and an energy release component 104 which are connected in a closed loop in sequence. Among them, the gas storage unit 101 is used to store gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure, and the liquid storage unit 103 is used to store liquid carbon dioxide. The gaseous carbon dioxide flowing out of the gas storage unit 101 is converted into liquid carbon dioxide with a preset energy storage pressure through the energy storage component 102, and flows into the liquid storage unit 103, and energy storage is completed in this process. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 releases energy through the energy release component 104 and is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure, and flows into the gas storage unit 101, and energy release and application are completed in this process. Typically, the energy storage component 102 compresses gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and stores it in the liquid storage unit 103 during off-peak hours or when wind and solar power is abandoned, converting the energy into compression energy and thermal energy for storage; during peak hours, the energy release component 104 vaporizes the liquid carbon dioxide and expands it to generate electricity, releasing the stored energy and converting it into electricity for use.

[0021] Among them, the specific composition structures of the gas storage unit 101, the energy storage assembly 102, the liquid storage unit 103 and the energy release assembly 104 can be realized by referring to existing technologies, such as the technical solutions disclosed in existing patent documents CN116221616A, CN117628836A, and CN116857027A.

[0022] In the first aspect of this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is combined with the new energy generation subsystem 300 as a power supply and coupled to the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200 .

[0023] The new energy power generation subsystem 300 is connected to the power supply subsystem 201 and the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 respectively, and the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is connected to the power supply subsystem 201. A part of the electricity generated by the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is directly transmitted to the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200, and the other part is transmitted to the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 for energy storage. During the period when the power generation of the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is abundant, the new energy power generation subsystem 300 supplies power to the data center 200; during the peak period of electricity consumption or the period when the power generation of the new energy power generation subsystem 300 fluctuates less, the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 releases energy to generate electricity and supplies power to the data center 200.

[0024] The data center is powered by a combination of carbon dioxide energy storage and new energy power generation, wherein new energy power generation is the main power source. This not only provides the data center with 24-hour stable and uninterrupted power, but also utilizes green energy, saves the operating costs of the data center, and improves environmental benefits. Among them, the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation. Taking photovoltaic power generation as an example, when photovoltaic power generation is high during the day, photovoltaic power generation supplies power to the data center 200, and provides power for the energy storage operation of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 to complete the storage of electrical energy; when the photovoltaic power generation decreases at night, the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 releases energy to generate electricity and provides power to the data center 200, so that the system can provide uninterrupted and stable power to the data center.

[0025] Furthermore, the power supply subsystem 201 is also connected to a diesel generator 400 as a backup power source.

[0026] In the second aspect of this embodiment, see Figure 1 The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is also coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in the data center 200 to provide cooling to the data center 200. Specifically, the working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and carbon dioxide working medium is drawn from the working medium circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200.

[0027] Among them, see Figures 2 to 7 The working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 can be coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in at least one of the following coupling modes (I) to (IV).

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the coupling mode (I) is: a first throttling mechanism 11 and a gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component 102 and the liquid storage unit 103, the liquid phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is connected to the liquid storage unit 103, and the gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is connected to the first cooling pipeline 10a coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is used as a cooling medium and input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and then returned to the gas storage unit 101 or the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the data center 200. The first throttling mechanism 11 is, for example, a throttle valve.

[0029] like Figure 3As shown, the coupling mode (II) is: a second cooling pipeline 10b is provided at the outlet end of the energy storage component 102 to be coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and a second throttling mechanism 13 is provided on the second cooling pipeline 10b to throttle and cool the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage component 102 as a cooling medium, and then input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and then return to the gas storage unit 101 after cooling and dissipating the data center 200. The second throttling mechanism 13 is, for example, a throttle valve.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, the coupling mode (III) is: the connecting pipeline between the energy release component 104 and the gas storage unit 101 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component 104 is used as a cooling medium and input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and then returns to the gas storage unit 101 after cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200.

[0031] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the coupling mode (IV) is: the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit 103 and the energy release component 104 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is used as a cooling medium and input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and then returned to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200.

[0032] Through any one of the above coupling methods (I) to (IV), the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and the carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate the heat of the data center 200. Compared with the existing use of air as the cooling medium of the data center 200, the heat transfer efficiency is higher when carbon dioxide is used as the cooling medium. Specifically, by comparing the heat transfer performance of CO2 and air under normal temperature and pressure conditions, it can be seen that the thermal conductivity of air at normal temperature and pressure is 0.0165W / m·K, and the thermal conductivity of CO2 is 0.0262W / m·K. The thermal conductivity of CO2 is higher, and CO2 has a higher volumetric heat capacity and a lower relative pressure parameter (Pr). The boundary layer heat diffusion is faster and the heat transfer efficiency is higher, thereby improving the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency of the data center 200.

[0033] In the scheme based on the coupling mode (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the energy storage component 102 is throttled and cooled by the first throttling mechanism 11 to form a gas-liquid two-phase, and the gaseous carbon dioxide separated by the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 has a lower temperature, which can improve the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency of the data center 200.

[0034] In the scheme based on the coupling mode (II), the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage component 102 is throttled and cooled before being used as a cooling medium. The gaseous carbon dioxide also has a relatively high pressure and can quickly cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200, thereby improving efficiency.

[0035] In the prior art carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100, the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit 101 is set to a first temperature (usually above 20°C). If the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit 101 is lower than the first temperature, a preheating device needs to be provided on the connecting pipeline between the gas storage unit 101 and the energy storage component 102 to preheat the carbon dioxide output from the gas storage unit 101 before inputting it into the energy storage component 102 for compressed energy storage. Therefore, in order to avoid additionally providing a preheating device, usually, in the energy release stage, the energy release component 104 needs to control the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at its outlet to be above the first temperature when releasing energy. In the scheme of this embodiment, when the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in the coupling mode (III), the energy release component 104 can be controlled to reduce the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet to below the second temperature to improve the energy release efficiency, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component 104 is heated by heat exchange through the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 to reach above the first temperature, and then returned to the gas storage unit 101, wherein the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.

[0036] In the scheme based on the coupling mode (III), on the one hand, by reducing the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet of the energy release component 104, the temperature difference of the carbon dioxide working fluid at the inlet and outlet ends is increased, thereby improving the energy release efficiency; on the other hand, the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet of the energy release component 104 is low, and it acts as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate the heat of the data center 200, thereby improving the cooling and dissipation efficiency of the data center 200; further, the relatively low-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide output from the outlet of the energy release component 104 can meet the storage temperature requirements of the gas storage unit 101 after heat exchange and temperature increase through the cooling and dissipation subsystem 202, and no additional preheating equipment is required in the energy storage stage, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of the heat of the data center 200 and improving the comprehensive energy utilization rate. Therefore, in a preferred specific scheme of this embodiment, the coupling mode of the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 and the cooling and dissipation subsystem 202 at least includes the coupling mode (III), and the energy release component 104 is controlled to reduce the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet to below the second temperature to improve the energy release efficiency.

[0037] In the scheme based on the coupling mode (IV), liquid carbon dioxide is drawn out from the liquid storage unit 103 as a cooling medium. The liquid carbon dioxide has a relatively low temperature and can improve the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency of the data center 200. In addition, the liquid carbon dioxide absorbs the heat of the data center 200, and after heating and evaporation, it is input into the energy release component 104, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of the heat of the data center 200 and improving the comprehensive energy utilization rate.

[0038] When the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in the coupling mode (IV), as a preferred solution, Figure 5 As shown, the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit 103 and the energy release component 104 includes a first connecting pipeline 10c and a second connecting pipeline 10d. One end of the first connecting pipeline 10c is connected to the liquid storage unit 103, and the other end is connected to the energy release component 104, and is used to directly input the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 103 into the energy release component 104 for expansion and energy release. The second connecting pipeline 10d is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and the first buffer tank 14 and the third throttling mechanism 15 are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipeline 10d between the liquid storage unit 103 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is input to the first buffer tank 14, and then throttled and depressurized by the third throttling mechanism 15 and input to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and then returned to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the data center 200. In another optional case, as Figure 6 As shown, the liquid storage unit 103 is directly coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipe 10c, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipe 10c, and is returned to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the data center 200.

[0039] In a preferred specific solution of this embodiment, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 by combining at least one of the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (II) and at least one of the coupling mode (III) and the coupling mode (IV). When the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is in the energy storage state, the carbon dioxide working medium drawn out by the coupling mode (I) and / or the coupling mode (II) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200; when the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is in the energy release state, the carbon dioxide working medium drawn out by the coupling mode (III) and / or the coupling mode (IV) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200. It should be noted that when the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 by only one of the coupling modes (I) to (IV), when the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is in certain working conditions and cannot draw out carbon dioxide working fluid to cool and dissipate the data center 200, traditional cooling equipment can be used to assist in cooling and dissipating the data center 200.

[0040] As an illustrative case, Figure 6 As shown, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 by combining the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (IV). In the coupling mode (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is used as a cooling medium, input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first cooling pipeline 10a, and returns to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the data center 200. In the coupling mode (IV), the liquid storage unit 103 is directly coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipeline 10c, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipeline 10c, and returns to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the data center 200. A first valve 16 is provided on the first cooling pipeline 10a between the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 , and a second valve 17 is provided on the first connecting pipeline 10c between the liquid storage unit 103 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 .

[0041] As an illustrative case, Figure 7 As shown, the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in combination with the coupling modes (I) to (IV), and carbon dioxide working fluid is respectively drawn out from four different positions of the working fluid circulation loop to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200.

[0042] In a specific solution, the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 includes a cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium drawn from the working medium circulation loop cools and dissipates the heat of the data center 200 in a direct cooling manner or an indirect cooling manner. In the direct cooling manner, the carbon dioxide working medium is injected into the cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly exchanges heat with the heat generating equipment in the data center 200 through the cooling circulation pipeline. In the indirect cooling manner, the cooling circulation pipeline is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger and an intermediate heat exchange medium flows through the cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium exchanges heat with the intermediate heat exchange medium in the intermediate heat exchanger, and then the intermediate heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the heat generating equipment in the data center 200 through the cooling circulation pipeline.

[0043] It should be noted that when the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in two or more different coupling modes, different cooling circulation pipelines are provided in the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 or the same cooling circulation pipeline is shared according to actual needs.

[0044] Example 2 This embodiment provides a deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for data centers. Compared with Embodiment 1, the coupling method of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 and the power supply subsystem 201 in this embodiment is different. Figure 8 On the basis of Example 1, the deep coupling system in this embodiment also includes a mains power grid 500, and the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is combined with the new energy power generation subsystem 300 and the mains power grid 500 as a power supply coupled to the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200.

[0045] like Figure 8 As shown, the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is respectively connected to the mains power grid 500 and the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100. The electricity generated by the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is mainly transmitted to the mains power grid 500 for access to the Internet. When abandoned electricity is generated, the abandoned electricity is transmitted to the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 for energy storage. The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is connected to the mains power grid 500, and after grid scheduling, it stores energy during the off-peak period and releases energy during the peak period. The mains power grid 500 is connected to the power supply subsystem 201, and the mains power grid 500 supplies power to the data center 200. In this embodiment, the data center is powered by combining carbon dioxide energy storage with renewable energy power generation and the city power grid. The carbon dioxide energy storage system is used to store energy during periods of high renewable energy generation or during periods of low electricity prices, and release energy during periods of peak electricity prices, thereby providing the data center with stable and uninterrupted electricity, balancing the energy supply and demand of the data center, optimizing the energy allocation of the data center, and solving the problems of high power supply and energy costs in the data center.

[0046] In this embodiment, the manner in which the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 of the data center 200 are coupled to each other can be referred to in Embodiment 1, and thus will not be described in detail.

[0047] Example 3 This embodiment provides a deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for a data center. Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, the deep coupling system of this embodiment further includes coupling the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 with the data center 200 in a third aspect. Fig. 9 ( Fig. 9 What is shown is further coupled on the basis of Example 1), the data center 200 is also provided with a fire fighting subsystem 203, and the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is also coupled to the fire fighting subsystem 203, with the carbon dioxide working fluid in the working fluid circulation loop being used as the fire extinguishing agent of the fire fighting subsystem 203.

[0048] Specifically, the working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 can be coupled to the fire protection subsystem 203 in accordance with at least one of the following coupling modes (V) to (VI).

[0049] like Fig.10 As shown, the coupling mode (V) is: a first fire-fighting pipeline 20a is connected from the gas storage unit 101 and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem 203, and the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit 101 is used as the fire-fighting subsystem 203. The first fire-fighting pipeline 20a is provided with a third valve 21. Furthermore, the first fire-fighting pipeline 20a is also provided with a driving fan 22 and an air pressure sensor 23.

[0050] In the coupling mode (V), when the data center 200 detects a fire alarm signal, the fire extinguishing procedure is started. The third valve 21 is opened, the driving fan 22 is started, and the carbon dioxide in the gas storage unit 101 is transported to the fire fighting subsystem 203 as a fire extinguishing agent, and reaches the fire scene of the data center 200, and is sprayed according to the set spraying intensity and duration. The carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent can be directly sprayed into the protection area with the designed intensity and evenly filled in the protection area, or the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed into the protected object with the designed intensity and continuously for a certain period of time to achieve fire extinguishing, and the data center 200 is assisted by a monitoring system to monitor the fire extinguishing effect to ensure that the fire can be effectively controlled. Among them, the air pressure sensor 23 is used to monitor the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas delivered to the fire fighting subsystem 203.

[0051] like Fig.10 As shown, the coupling mode (VI) is: a second fire-fighting pipeline 20b is connected from the liquid storage unit 103 and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem 203, and the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 103 is used as the fire-fighting subsystem 203. The second fire-fighting pipeline 20b is provided with a fourth valve 24. Furthermore, in the coupling mode (VI), a second buffer tank 25 is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline 20b between the liquid storage unit 103 and the fourth valve 24.

[0052] In the coupling mode (V), when the data center 200 detects a fire alarm signal, the fire extinguishing procedure is initiated. The inlet valve of the second buffer tank 25 is opened, the fourth valve 24 is opened, and the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 103 enters the second buffer tank 25, and is input from the second buffer tank 25 to the fire fighting subsystem 203, and reaches the fire scene of the data center 200. With the decrease of carbon dioxide pressure, the carbon dioxide gas cools down and quickly absorbs the heat at the fire, cools the combustion object, and the carbon dioxide gas in the second buffer tank 25 is released and distributed around the combustion object, so that the oxygen content in the air in the environment is reduced, the combustion stops, and the fire is extinguished.

[0053] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is coupled to the fire protection subsystem 203 of the data center 200, and the carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as the fire extinguishing agent of the fire protection subsystem 203. Thus, an efficient and environmentally friendly fire protection solution is constructed for the data center 200. When a fire is detected in the data center 200, the solution can achieve rapid and efficient fire extinguishing, thereby improving the safety of the data center, reducing the investment in the cost of the data center fire extinguishing system, and saving costs.

[0054] In summary, the deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for data centers provided by the above embodiments of the present invention, on the one hand, combines the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem with the new energy power generation subsystem and / or the mains power grid as a power supply to supply power to the data center, and uses the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem to store energy during the period of excess new energy power generation or the period of low electricity price and release energy during the period of peak electricity price, so as to provide stable and uninterrupted power for the data center, so as to balance the energy supply and demand of the data center, realize the optimization of the energy use of the data center, and solve the problem of high power supply and energy cost of the data center; on the other hand, carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center, reducing the refrigeration energy consumption of the data center and the cost investment of the refrigeration system equipment, and the waste heat generated by the data center can also be recycled and utilized in the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the system energy. In a further scheme, carbon dioxide working fluid is also drawn from the circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem as a fire extinguishing agent for the fire fighting subsystem of the data center, so as to build an efficient and environmentally friendly fire protection solution for the data center, improve the safety of the data center, reduce the investment of the cost of the fire fighting system of the data center, and save costs.

[0055] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for data centers, characterized in that: It includes a data center and a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, wherein the data center includes a power supply subsystem and a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem; The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with the new energy power generation subsystem and / or the city power grid as a power supply and coupled to the power supply subsystem to supply power to the data center; The working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center; The working fluid circulation loop comprises a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component which are sequentially connected in a closed loop, and the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in at least one of the following coupling modes (I) to (IV): Coupling mode (I): a first throttling mechanism and a gas-liquid separation mechanism are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit, the liquid phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to the first cooling pipeline and coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate the heat of the data center and then returned to the gas storage unit or the energy release component; Coupling mode (II): a second cooling pipeline is provided at the outlet end of the energy storage component and coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a second throttling mechanism is provided on the second cooling pipeline to throttle and cool the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage component and then used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate the heat of the data center and then return it to the gas storage unit; Coupling mode (III): the connecting pipeline between the energy release component and the gas storage unit is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the gas storage unit; Coupling method (IV): The connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component.

2. The deep coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is a first temperature; when the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in the coupling mode (III), the energy release component is controlled to reduce the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet to below the second temperature to improve the energy release efficiency; wherein, the second temperature is lower than the first temperature, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is heated by heat exchange in the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem to above the first temperature, and then returned to be input into the gas storage unit.

3. The deep coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the coupling mode (IV), the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component includes a first connecting pipeline and a second connecting pipeline; one end of the first connecting pipeline is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the other end is connected to the energy release component; the second connecting pipeline is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a first buffer tank and a third throttling mechanism are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is input to the first buffer tank, and then throttled and reduced in pressure by the third throttling mechanism and input to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and then returned to the energy release component after cooling and dissipating the data center.

4. The deep coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem by combining at least one of the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (II) and at least one of the coupling mode (III) and the coupling mode (IV); When the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is in an energy storage condition, the carbon dioxide working fluid derived by the coupling mode (I) and / or the coupling mode (II) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center; when the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is in an energy release condition, the carbon dioxide working fluid derived by the coupling mode (III) and / or the coupling mode (IV) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center.

5. The deep coupling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem by combining the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (IV); Wherein, in the coupling mode (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component; Wherein, a first valve is provided on the first cooling pipeline between the gas-liquid separation mechanism and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a second valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem.

6. The deep coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and heat dissipation subsystem includes a cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working fluid drawn from the working fluid circulation loop cools and dissipates the heat of the data center in a direct cooling manner or an indirect cooling manner; Among them, in the direct cooling method, the carbon dioxide working medium is injected into the cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly exchanges heat with the heat generating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline; in the indirect cooling method, the cooling circulation pipeline is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger and an intermediate heat exchange medium flows through it, the carbon dioxide working medium exchanges heat with the intermediate heat exchange medium in the intermediate heat exchanger, and then the intermediate heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the heat generating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline.

7. The deep coupling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The data center is also provided with a fire fighting subsystem, and the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is also coupled to the fire fighting subsystem, and the carbon dioxide working fluid in the working fluid circulation loop is used as a fire extinguishing agent of the fire fighting subsystem.

8. The deep coupling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the fire protection subsystem in at least one of the following coupling modes (V) to (VI): Coupling mode (V): a first fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the gas storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem fire-fighting agent, and a third valve is provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline; Coupling method (VI): A second fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the liquid storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem's fire-fighting agent, and a fourth valve is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline.

9. The deep coupling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the coupling mode (V), a driving fan and an air pressure sensor are also provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline.

10. The deep coupling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the coupling mode (VI), a second buffer tank is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the fourth valve.

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