Aquatic feed granules and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing feed granules containing antiviral proteins for protecting aquatic animals from viral infestation by passive immunization. The particles contain an effective amount of an active antiviral protein that is incorporated into the basal feed raw material together with a stabilizer, a gelling agent and a bioavailability enhancer. The antiviral protein is an IgY antibody contained in a hyper-immune egg powder obtained from an egg produced from an avian species exposed to an antigen associated with viral infection. In order to protect shrimps from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the antigens consist of proteins made of active portions of the VP28 and VP19 sequences of the WSSV. In one embodiment, the stabilizer is sodium alginate, the gelling agent is carboxymethyl cellulose, and the bioavailability enhancer is piperine. In one embodiment, the active protein and related supplements are incorporated throughout the feed pellet, and in another embodiment, it is sprayed on the surface of the feed pellet.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This PCT patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 349,314, filed on June 6, 2022, entitled “Anti-viral Aquatic Feed Pellets,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 499,011, filed on April 28, 2023, entitled “Aquatic Feed Pellets,” the contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to methods for producing and using feed pellets containing active proteins that protect aquatic species through passive immunity, and more particularly, to methods for producing and using feed pellets containing IgY antibodies that protect shrimp from white spot shrimp virus (WSSV) through passive immunity. Background Art

[0004] Aquaculture plays a vital role in meeting the growing demand for seafood. It provides a sustainable and reliable source of protein-rich food, alleviating pressure on wild fish populations. However, aquaculture faces many challenges, not the least of which is disease management.

[0005] Shrimp farming, particularly Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), is a major aquaculture industry worldwide, with significant activity in countries such as, but not limited to, China, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Ecuador and Vietnam.

[0006] However, shrimp are susceptible to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), a highly contagious and devastating viral disease. It is one of the most important viral pathogens in the aquaculture industry, causing severe economic losses. Outbreaks can result in high mortality rates, resulting in economic losses for farmers and the wider aquaculture sector. The disease is responsible for the failure of large-scale shrimp farming in various countries.

[0007] Antiviral proteins have been developed that show effectiveness against WSSV when injected into shrimp, for example, as described in detail in patent publication WO / 2003 / 070258, entitled “Anti-White Spot Syndrome Virus Igy” filed on February 2, 2003 by representatives of Lee & Joe Biotech Co. of Korea, which describes “an egg yolk antibody against shrimp white spot virus, more specifically, an egg expelled from an immune animal injected with shrimp white spot virus or a protein thereof, an egg yolk antibody isolated from the egg, and a composition for preventing and treating shrimp white spot virus infection containing the egg yolk antibody. The egg yolk antibody against shrimp virus of the present invention acts on shrimp white spot virus to inhibit its infectivity, and can therefore be used as a preventive agent for shrimp virus infection.”

[0008] However, delivering antiviral proteins via aquafeed may present several challenges due to the unique characteristics of the aquatic environment and the properties of proteins. These difficulties include, but are not limited to, factors such as stability, protein digestion, bioavailability, and absorption.

[0009] It would be desirable to develop aquafeed pellets that could incorporate appropriate antiviral proteins and effectively deliver them to organisms such as, but not limited to, shrimp. Summary of the invention

[0010] The invention discloses feed particles containing antiviral proteins for protecting aquatic animals from viruses through passive immunity and a production method thereof.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, aquaculture feed pellets into which effective amounts of active proteins may be incorporated may be composed of a base feed material supplemented with compounds such as, but not limited to, stabilizers, gelling agents, and bioavailability enhancers.

[0012] For example, the base feed material can be a commercially available feed material containing ingredients such as, but not limited to, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber.

[0013] For example, the stabilizer may function to improve the shelf life of the feed pellets by inhibiting microbial growth and preventing oxidation which may cause the feed pellets to deteriorate. For example, a suitable stabilizer may be sodium alginate.

[0014] For example, a gelling agent may act to bind the ingredients together, creating a more cohesive granule that is less likely to break or crumble during shipping, storage, or handling. One suitable gelling agent may be carboxymethylcellulose.

[0015] For example, a bioavailability enhancer may act to increase the availability and absorption of the active protein by the animal's digestive system. For example, a suitable bioavailability enhancer may be piperine.

[0016] For example, the active protein can be a substance such as, but not limited to, hyperimmune egg powder. Hyperimmune egg powder can contain IgY antibodies and can be obtained from eggs produced by egg-laying avian species (such as chickens) that have been exposed to viral proteins associated with viruses that threaten aquatic animals (such as, but not limited to, WSSV that threatens shrimp).

[0017] In one embodiment, the active protein and related supplements can be distributed throughout the feed particles. In another embodiment, the active protein and related supplements can be sprayed on the surface of the feed particles.

[0018] These embodiments are described in more detail below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a flow chart showing representative steps for providing the aquaculture feed pellets of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 is a flow chart showing representative steps of one method of providing the aquaculture feed pellets of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 is a flow chart showing representative steps of other methods of providing aquaculture feed pellets of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 is a flow chart showing representative steps of a method for obtaining the hyperimmune egg powder of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 is a flow chart showing representative steps for adding hyperimmune egg powder to the aquatic pellets of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 is a flow chart showing representative steps of yet another method of providing the aquaculture feed pellets of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 is a flow chart showing representative steps of yet another method of providing the aquaculture feed pellets of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Figure 1 is a flow chart 100 showing representative steps for providing an aquaculture feed pellet of the present invention.

[0027] In step 101 "providing active protein", a suitable active protein can be produced or purchased. For example, the active protein can be a protein such as, but not limited to, an IgY antibody that can be contained in hyperimmune egg powder. A method for producing such an antibody is described in detail below.

[0028] In step 102, "providing basic feed materials", basic feed materials suitable for providing nutrition to aquatic populations can be produced or purchased. Such feed materials can include appropriate amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and fibers. Commercially available aquatic feed materials can be obtained from companies such as, but not limited to, Charoen Pokphand Co. Ltd. in Thailand. Such commercially available feed materials typically contain about 38% protein, 5% fat and less than 3% fiber.

[0029] In step 103 "adding active protein to feed material together with: stabilizers, gelling agents, and bioavailability enhancers", the feed material may be enhanced by other ingredients, such as but not limited to one or more stabilizers, one or more gelling agents, and one or more bioavailability enhancers.

[0030] Stabilizers can be added to animal feed raw material pellets to improve their shelf life. The main function of stabilizers can be to inhibit microbial growth and prevent chemical reactions that may cause feed degradation.

[0031] Stabilizers include antioxidants such as, but not limited to, vitamin E and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), preservatives such as, but not limited to, propionic acid and sorbic acid, and acidulants such as, but not limited to, citric acid and lactic acid.

[0032] Another stabilizer used in animal feed is sodium alginate, a natural polymer extracted from brown algae.

[0033] Sodium alginate may be particularly useful in aquatic animal feeds because it may help increase the water stabilizer of the granules and prevent them from dissolving or breaking down too quickly in the water. This may help ensure that the feed remains accessible and usable to the animal for a longer period of time and may reduce waste.

[0034] Gelling agents can be used in animal feed pellets. Their main function is to bind the ingredients together and create a more cohesive pellet.

[0035] Gelling agents used in animal feed material pellets include natural binders such as, but not limited to, gelatin, starch, and pectin, and synthetic binders such as, but not limited to, methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose.

[0036] Bioavailability enhancers can be used in animal feed ingredient pellets to improve the availability and absorption of nutrients by the animal's digestive system. Bioavailability enhancers include enzymes, organic acids, probiotics, and prebiotics.

[0037] Piperine is a particularly potent bioavailability enhancer and has been found to increase the bioavailability of various drugs by amounts ranging from 30% to 200%.

[0038] In step 104, "Feeding Aquatic Species," the base material to which stabilizers, gelling agents, bioavailability enhancers, and active proteins have been added can then be fed to the aquatic species.

[0039] For example, the results of feeding trials using the aquatic feed raw materials of the present invention are described in detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 349,314, entitled “Anti-viral Aquatic Feed Pellets,” filed on June 6, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 499,011, entitled “Aquatic Feed Pellets,” filed on April 28, 2023, the contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0040] Figure 2 is a flow chart 200 showing representative steps for one method of providing the aquafeed pellets of the present invention.

[0041] In step 201 "crushing base feed material", suitable aquatic feed materials can be reduced to powder. For example, the feed material can be a commercial feed material provided by, for example, Charoen Pokphand Co. Ltd. in Bangkok, Thailand, and has suitable amounts of ingredients such as, but not limited to, carbohydrates, protein, fat and fiber. Such commercial feed materials typically contain about 38% protein, 5% fat and less than 3% fiber.

[0042] In step 202, "producing a mixture of: a stabilizer, a gelling agent, a bioavailability enhancer, and an effective amount of an active protein", a mixture may be produced. The mixture may consist of any suitable components as detailed above. However, in a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer may be sodium alginate, the gelling agent may be carboxymethyl cellulose, the bioavailability enhancer may be piperine, and the active protein may be hyperimmune egg powder that may contain IgY antibodies.

[0043] The proportions of the ingredients can vary. In a representative formulation, sodium alginate can be present in a range of 20 to 90 grams per kilogram of feed raw material, carboxymethyl cellulose can be present in a range of 5 to 15 grams per kilogram of feed, piperine can be present in a range of 0.1 to 1 gram per kilogram of feed, and hyperimmune egg powder can be present in a range of 0.1 to 10 grams per kilogram of feed.

[0044] However, in a more preferred embodiment, the ingredients in the mixture may be present in the following amounts: sodium alginate in the range of 40 to 60 grams per kilogram of feed, carboxymethyl cellulose in the range of 8 to 12 grams per kilogram of feed, piperine in the range of 0.2 to 1 gram per kilogram of feed and hyperimmune egg powder in the range of 0.25 to 5 grams per kilogram of feed.

[0045] In a most preferred embodiment, the ingredients may consist of the following amounts: 50 grams of sodium alginate per kilogram of feed, 9.5 grams of carboxymethyl cellulose per kilogram of feed, 0.5 grams of piperine per kilogram of feed, and 2.5 grams of hyperimmune egg powder per kilogram of feed.

[0046] In step 203 "adding the mixture to the powdered basic feed material", the mixture obtained in step 202 may be added to the pulverized feed material.

[0047] In step 204 "add liquid to form soft material", the mixture and the crushed feed material can be formed into a soft material by adding a suitable amount of a suitable liquid. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid can be water, and the amount described in detail in step 202 can be added to one liter of water. In a more preferred embodiment, the liquid can be distilled water.

[0048] In step 205 "Soft material pelleting", the soft material obtained in step 204 can be formed into feed pellets of suitable size. For example, this can be achieved by forcing the soft material through holes of suitable size. For example, this can be done using any suitable commercially available stainless steel kitchen press, for example, using a steel mesh with a pore size of 2 mm. For larger batches, a commercial pelletizer can be used, such as but not limited to the CPM Pellet Mill manufactured by CPM (California Pellet Mill) of Blaine, MN. Its system utilizes a die and roller system to compress the raw material into pellets of uniform size and density.

[0049] In step 206 "Drying feed pellets", the feed pellets obtained in step 205 can be dried for storage and / or feeding to aquatic populations. For example, drying can be done overnight at room temperature, or for 3 hours at 37 degrees Celsius. Storage can be done at ambient room temperature, which is typical practice in the industry.

[0050] Figure 3is a flow chart 300 showing representative steps for another method of providing aquafeed pellets of the present invention.

[0051] In step 301 "providing basic feed raw material pellets", suitable aquatic feed raw materials may be provided in the form of pellets. For example, the composition of these pellets may be the same as or similar to commercially available aquatic feed raw materials. Typically, such aquatic feed raw materials contain protein in the range of 35% to 45% by mass, and fat in the range of 3% to 8% by weight.

[0052] In step 302, "producing the following sprayable formulation: stabilizer, gelling agent, bioavailability enhancer, effective amount of active protein, and liquid", a sprayable formulation can be produced. The sprayable formulation can be composed of any suitable ingredients detailed above. However, in a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer can be sodium alginate, the gelling agent can be carboxymethyl cellulose, the bioavailability enhancer can be piperine, and the active protein can be hyperimmune egg powder that may contain IgY antibodies.

[0053] The proportions of the ingredients may vary. For example, a sprayable formulation suitable for spraying about 1 kg of feed particles may contain sodium alginate in the range of 20 to 60 mg, carboxymethylcellulose in the range of 5 to 45 mg, piperine in the range of 2 to 20 mg, and hyperimmune egg powder in the range of 200 to 750 mg.

[0054] However, in a more preferred embodiment, a sprayable formulation suitable for spraying about 1 kg of feed particles may consist of sodium alginate in an amount ranging from 30 to 50 mg, carboxymethylcellulose in an amount ranging from 10 to 30 mg, piperine in an amount ranging from 5 to 15 mg, hyperimmune egg powder in an amount ranging from 400 to 550 mg, all dissolved in about 20 ml of water. The water may preferably be distilled.

[0055] In a most preferred embodiment, a sprayable formulation of 1 kg of feed material granules may be composed of the following amounts of ingredients: 40 mg sodium alginate, 20 mg carboxymethyl cellulose, 10 mg piperine and 500 mg hyperimmune egg powder, all dissolved in about 20 ml of water.

[0056] In step 303 "Spraying particles with formulation", the aquatic feed raw material particles can be surface coated by, for example, spraying, using the formulation obtained in step 302. Such coating can be accomplished with any suitable surface coating machine, such as, but not limited to, the Continuous PelletCoater (CPC) supplied by Van Aarsen International of Panheel of the Netherlands.

[0057] Figure 4is a flow chart 400 showing representative steps for obtaining the hyperimmune egg powder of the present invention.

[0058] In step 401, "Identify viral envelope proteins," envelope proteins of viruses that threaten benthic aquatic species may be identified. The reason for identifying envelope proteins may be that these proteins are often exposed when viruses enter aquatic species. In addition, envelope proteins often play an important role in viral attachment and entry into cells of aquatic species. If antibodies that bind to these proteins can be developed and applied to aquatic species, they can effectively prevent viruses from entering species cells.

[0059] White spot disease (WSD) is a highly contagious viral infection of decapod crustaceans that can cause high mortality in farmed shrimp. Since the first outbreak in 1992-1993, this disease has caused serious economic losses. The causative agent of WSD is white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which is a large, non-enclosed, enveloped, rod-shaped to oval DNA virus with a tail-like extension at one end. WSSV reproduces in the nucleus and has a very wide host range in crustaceans. Most of the predicted open reading frames (~300 kilobase pairs (kbp)) in its genome encode polypeptides with no homology to known proteins, while the identifiable genes are mainly involved in nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication.

[0060] However, two viral particles (VPs), VP28 and VP19, are the most exposed and abundant in the WSSV envelope and thus may be the first to come into contact with host cells. VP28 appears to play a key role in the initial steps of systemic WSSV infection of shrimp. Both VP28 and VP19 are located in the WSSV envelope. These proteins contain hydrophobic regions that may have the function of anchoring these proteins in the envelope.

[0061] In step 402, "generating fusion protein antigens", a single fusion protein can be generated as an antigen. For example, such a fusion protein can be composed of effective elements of viral particle proteins that are found as envelope proteins in viruses that threaten aquatic animals. Generating a single fusion protein can reduce the cost of subsequent laboratory or industrial replication of the protein.

[0062] For example, a suitable fusion protein used as a WSSV antigen can be composed of effective parts of VP28 and VP19 to produce a single truncated fusion viral protein TrVP29:19. The DNA sequence necessary for the fusion protein can be produced using standard DNA synthesis techniques and processes. After PCR amplification, for example, the DNA can be inserted into a suitable expression vector to produce protein antibodies. These synthetic TrVP29:19 protein antibodies can then be harvested from the expression vector. Details of suitable techniques are disclosed, for example, in PCT Publication WO 03 / 070258 entitled "Anti-White Spot Syndrome Virus IGY" by Jong-Hwa Lee et al., and in the paper "Shrimp protected from WSSV disease by treatment with egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against a truncated fusion protein derived from WSSV" by DK Kim et al., Aquaculture, Vol. 237, No. 1-4, August 2002, pp. 21-31, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0063] In step 403, "inoculating egg-laying birds", suitable egg-laying members of the avian species can be inoculated with the fusion antigen protein obtained in the previous step. For example, hens may be suitable egg-laying members of the avian species.

[0064] In step 404, "Harvesting Hyperimmune Egg Powder (HEP)", hyperimmune egg powder can be harvested from eggs produced by inoculated egg-laying birds. The yolks of these eggs generally contain IgY antibodies. For example, the eggs can be collected, the yolks separated and dried to form hyperimmune egg powder. In further embodiments, the IgY antibody protein can be separated from other proteins present in the yolk.

[0065] In step 405, "adding HEP to aquatic feed pellets", the hyperimmune egg powder containing the IgY antibody protein harvested in the previous step can be added to the aquatic feed pellets. These feed pellets can then be fed to threatened aquatic species, which can effectively immunize against viruses after ingesting the antibody-rich feed pellets.

[0066] Figure 5 is a flow chart 500 showing representative steps for adding hyperimmune egg powder to the aquaculture pellets of the present invention.

[0067] In step 501 "Pellet aquafeed raw materials", the aquafeed raw materials may be pelletized using one of the well-known pelletizing techniques, such as but not limited to a pellet extruder and a pellet mill.

[0068] Aquafeed raw materials are typically a combination of finely ground protein materials such as, but not limited to, dried fish, shrimp head waste, mantis shrimp and squid, and added fish oil. For benthic aquatic animals, the feed particles are preferably denser than water and insoluble in water. Drying the aquafeed raw materials to a moisture content of less than 10%, mixing it with a low-oil grain meal, and finely grinding it to particles of 200-300 microns in diameter can enhance particle formation and produce easily digestible particles.

[0069] Preferred hard, dense particles for benthic aquatic species may most reliably be produced using a pellet mill. It can be pressed into cylindrical particles of a size range of 0.6 to 3 mm. In the pelleting process, the aquatic feed raw material can be extruded through a die. This extrusion can heat the aquatic feed raw material to 100-130 degrees Celsius, which is enough to cook protein and gelatinize starch.

[0070] In step 502, "diluting hyperimmune egg powder (HEP)", the harvested hyperimmune egg powder containing IgY antibodies can be diluted to prepare for spraying the extruded particles. For example, this dilution can be performed with water.

[0071] In step 503 "Spraying the pellets with HEP", a diluted mixture of hyperimmune egg powder containing IgY antibodies can be sprayed onto the pellet feed material. By using hyperimmune egg powder containing IgY antibodies in the pelleting process, heating during the extrusion process can be avoided, thereby avoiding the denaturation of the IgY antibody protein.

[0072] In step 504, "encapsulate sprayed particles", the feed particles coated with the hyperimmune egg powder containing IgY antibodies can be encapsulated. This may be necessary to prevent the hyperimmune egg powder containing IgY antibodies from dissolving out of the feed particles when immersed in water to feed aquatic species. Suitable encapsulating materials may include edible drying oils, such as but not limited to linseed oil. For example, encapsulation can be achieved using a fluidized bed coating format.

[0073] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram 600 showing representative steps of yet another method of providing an aquafeed pellet of the present invention.

[0074] In step 601 "mixing HEP with aquatic feed raw materials", the hyperimmune egg powder containing IgY antibodies can be mixed with the aquatic feed raw materials.

[0075] Step 602 "Cooling the Aquatic Feed Raw Material". In a pellet mill, the feed raw material can be mixed in the feeder as it is pushed toward the feed hopper and mold cavity by the spiral screw. Typically, this mixing is accompanied by steam to soften the feed. However, when the feed raw material is compressed by the mold to form pellets, the compression may cause the temperature of the feed raw material to increase to 100-130 degrees Celsius, which is sufficient to denature the IgY antibodies contained in the hyperimmune egg powder. To avoid this, the mixing can be accomplished using cooled humid air rather than using steam for mixing in the feeder. For example, cooling can be accomplished by mixing steam from boiling liquid nitrogen into the feeder. In this way, the feed raw material can be mixed at a low enough temperature that when it is compressed by the mold, the temperature increase may not be sufficient to denature the IgY antibodies contained in the hyperimmune egg powder.

[0076] In step 603, "Pellet-cooled aquatic feed," the cooled aquatic feed may be compressed through a mold of appropriate size to form dense, hard feed pellets suitable for feeding benthic aquatic organisms, such as but not limited to shrimp. In addition, the IgY antibodies in the hyperimmune egg powder may not be denatured by this process and may be active in the feed pellets, thereby enabling passive immunization of aquatic organisms, such as but not limited to shrimp that eat the feed pellets.

[0077] Figure 7 is a flow chart 700 showing representative steps for yet another method of providing an aquaculture feed ingredient pellet of the present invention.

[0078] In step 701 "mixing HEP antibodies with aquaculture feed", hyperimmune egg powder (HEP) that may contain IgY antibodies may be mixed with suitable aquaculture feed ingredients.

[0079] In step 702 "Cooling the pelletizing die", the die that forms the pellets can be cooled. When a conventional die is used to compress the feed material to form pellets, the compression may raise the temperature of the feed material to as high as 100-130 degrees Celsius, which is sufficient to denature the IgY antibodies contained in the hyperimmune egg powder. In order to avoid this, the die itself can be cooled. If the die is cooled to a sufficiently low temperature, when the feed is compressed by the die, it will also be sufficiently cooled so that the temperature increase caused by the compression is not sufficient to denature the IgY antibodies contained in the hyperimmune egg powder. For example, cooling can be achieved using steam from boiling liquid nitrogen.

[0080] In step 703, "Pelletized aquatic feed material using a cooled mold," the aquatic feed material may be compressed by a suitably sized and cooled mold to form a dense, hard feed pellet suitable for feeding benthic aquatic organisms, such as but not limited to shrimp. In addition, IgY antibodies may not be denatured by this process and may be active in the feed pellets, thereby enabling passive immunization of aquatic organisms, such as but not limited to shrimp that eat the feed pellets.

[0081] In another embodiment of the method for producing feed pellets for protecting benthic aquatic organisms from viruses of the present invention, step 602 and step 702 may be combined, that is, the aquatic feed raw material may be cooled, and the pelletizing mold may be cooled.

[0082] Industrial Applicability

[0083] The invention can be applied to the field of aquaculture, including the field of shrimp production.

Claims

1. A method for incorporating active protein into aquatic feed raw materials, comprising: Provide basic feed ingredients; as well as To the basic feed material is added a mixture comprising: Stabilizers; Gelling agent; Bioavailability enhancers; and An effective amount of the active protein.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The basic feed contains carbohydrates, protein, fat and fiber; The stabilizer is sodium alginate; The gelling agent is carboxymethyl cellulose; The bioavailability enhancer is piperine; and The active protein is hyperimmune egg powder.

3. method according to claim 2, wherein said hyperimmune egg powder is obtained in the following manner: Identify at least two viral proteins associated with the envelope of viruses that threaten aquatic animals; producing an antigen comprising a fusion protein comprising effective elements of the two viral proteins; vaccinating one or more egg-laying members of an avian species with the antigen; and The hyperimmune egg powder comprising IgY antibodies against the antigen is obtained from one or more eggs produced by one or more of the egg-laying avian species.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: crushing the basic feed raw materials; A mixture is formed by adding the following ingredients to the comminuted base feed material: The stabilizer; the gelling agent; said bioavailability enhancer; and The effective amount of the active protein; forming a soft material by dissolving the mixture in a liquid; pelletizing the soft material to form one or more feed pellets; as well as The feed pellets are dried.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The basic feed contains carbohydrates, protein, fat and fiber; The stabilizer is sodium alginate; The gelling agent is carboxymethyl cellulose; The bioavailability enhancer is piperine; and The active protein is hyperimmune egg powder.

6. method according to claim 5, wherein said hyperimmune egg powder is obtained in the following manner: Identify at least two viral proteins associated with the envelope of viruses that threaten aquatic animals; producing an antigen comprising a fusion protein comprising effective elements of the two viral proteins; vaccinating one or more egg-laying members of an avian species with the antigen; and The hyperimmune egg powder comprising IgY antibodies against the antigen is obtained from one or more eggs produced by one or more of the egg-laying avian species.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein for 1 kg of basic feed powder, The amount of sodium alginate is in the range of 40 to 60 grams; The amount of the carboxymethyl cellulose is in the range of 8 to 12 grams; The amount of piperine is in the range of 0.2 to 1 gram; The amount of the hyperimmune egg powder is in the range of 0.25 to 5 grams; and The liquid was 1 liter of distilled water.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the base feed ingredient is one or more feed pellets; and further comprising: preparing a sprayable formulation by dissolving the gelling agent, the stabilizer, the bioavailability enhancer and the effective amount of the active protein in a liquid; as well as The one or more feed particles are sprayed with the sprayable formulation.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The stabilizer is sodium alginate; The gelling agent is carboxymethyl cellulose; The bioavailability enhancer is piperine; and The active protein is hyperimmune egg powder.

10. method according to claim 9, wherein said hyperimmune egg powder is obtained by the following manner: Identify at least two viral proteins associated with the envelope of viruses that threaten aquatic animals; producing an antigen comprising a fusion protein comprising effective elements of the two viral proteins; vaccinating one or more egg-producing members of an avian species with the antigen; and The hyperimmune egg powder comprising IgY antibodies against the antigen is obtained from one or more eggs produced by one or more of the egg-laying avian species.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein for 1 kg of the basic feed material, The amount of sodium alginate is in the range of 30 to 50 mg; The amount of carboxymethyl cellulose is in the range of 10 to 30 mg; The amount of piperine is in the range of 5 to 15 mg; The amount of the hyperimmune egg powder is in the range of 400 to 550 mg; and The liquid was 20 ml of distilled water.

12. An aquatic feed pellet blended with active protein, comprising: Basic feed ingredients; Stabilizers; Gelling agent; Bioavailability enhancers; and An effective amount of the active protein.

13. The aquaculture feed pellet of claim 12, wherein the stabilizer, the gelling agent, the bioavailability enhancer and the effective amount of the active protein are distributed throughout the feed pellet.

14. The aquaculture feed pellet according to claim 13, wherein the stabilizer is sodium alginate; the gelling agent is carboxymethyl cellulose; the bioavailability enhancer is piperine; and the active protein is hyperimmune egg powder.

15. The aquatic feed pellet according to claim 14, wherein the hyperimmune egg powder is obtained by: Identify at least two viral proteins associated with the envelope of viruses that threaten aquatic animals; producing an antigen comprising a fusion protein comprising effective elements of the two viral proteins; vaccinating one or more egg-laying members of an avian species with the antigen; and The hyperimmune egg powder comprising IgY antibodies against the antigen is obtained from one or more eggs produced by one or more of the egg-laying avian species.

16. The aquatic feed pellets according to claim 15, wherein for 1 kg of basic feed powder, The amount of sodium alginate is in the range of 40 to 60 grams; The amount of the carboxymethyl cellulose is in the range of 8 to 12 grams; The amount of piperine is in the range of 0.2 to 1 gram; The amount of the hyperimmune egg powder is in the range of 0.25 to 5 grams; and The liquid was 1 liter of distilled water.

17. The aquaculture feed pellets according to claim 12, wherein the stabilizer, the gelling agent, the bioavailability enhancer and the effective amount of the active protein are coated on the feed pellets.

18. The aquatic feed pellet according to claim 17, wherein The stabilizer is sodium alginate; The gelling agent is carboxymethyl cellulose; The bioavailability enhancer is piperine; and The active protein is hyperimmune egg powder.

19. The aquatic feed pellet according to claim 18, wherein the hyperimmune egg powder is obtained by: Identify at least two viral proteins associated with the envelope of viruses that threaten aquatic animals; producing an antigen comprising a fusion protein comprising effective elements of the two viral proteins; vaccinating one or more egg-producing members of an avian species with the antigen; and The hyperimmune egg powder comprising IgY antibodies against the antigen is obtained from one or more eggs produced by one or more of the egg-laying avian species.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein for 1 kg of the basic feed material, The amount of sodium alginate is in the range of 30 to 50 mg; The amount of carboxymethyl cellulose is in the range of 10 to 30 mg; The amount of piperine is in the range of 5 to 15 mg; The amount of the hyperimmune egg powder is in the range of 400 to 550 mg; and The liquid was 20 ml of distilled water.

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