Adjustable self-adaptive tassel and stem cutting device and method for garlic harvester

Abstract

The invention discloses an adjustable self-adaptive tassel and stem cutting device and method for a garlic harvester. The device comprises a controller, a grain lifting mechanism, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible clamping and tassel cutting adjusting mechanism and a reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism, wherein the grain lifting mechanism, the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, the flexible clamping and tassel cutting adjusting mechanism and the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism are electrically connected with the controller. The grain lifting mechanism is used for centralizing the stems of the garlic according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guiding the stems to an inlet of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, and the controller controls the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism to cut off the roots and the stems of the garlic according to the adjustment treatment of the flexible clamping and tassel cutting adjustment mechanism. The device can adapt to garlics in different growth states, self-adaptive flexible pressing tassel and stem cutting is achieved in the cutting process, garlic head damage or rhizome residue is avoided, and the commercialization quality of the garlics is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanized equipment, and in particular to an adjustable self-adaptive beard and stem cutting device and method for a garlic harvester. Background Art

[0002] Garlic is an underground plant with widely distributed roots. When harvesting, the roots and stems are often closely connected to the garlic heads, which makes manual or mechanical harvesting difficult. Usually, the roots and stems are separated by cutting and peeling by manual or mechanical equipment. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a device that can effectively and quickly remove the roots and stems.

[0003] In the traditional manual harvesting process, farmers need to use knives or manually cut off the roots, stems and leaves step by step, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also inefficient and labor-intensive. In the mechanized harvesting process, cutting the whiskers and stems requires not only efficient cutting devices, but also a cutting method that can protect the integrity of the garlic and avoid damaging the garlic. Therefore, the research on whisker and stem cutting technology mainly focuses on how to design efficient mechanical devices that do not damage the garlic.

[0004] At present, the cutting effect of the garlic harvester cutting device with the function of cutting whiskers and stems in the prior art is poor, and it is difficult to ensure the quality of the garlic after the roots and stems are removed. The cutting system of some harvesters has poor adaptability to garlic in different growth states and is difficult to cope with the growth differences of garlic under different soil conditions and different climatic environments. Due to the unreasonable design of the whisker and stem cutting device, the garlic is easily damaged or the roots and stems remain, which affects the commercial quality of garlic.

[0005] Therefore, how to realize the adaptive flexible pressing and cutting of garlic beards and stems by a garlic harvester during the cutting process is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application proposes the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester, comprising: a controller and a straw supporting mechanism, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism, and a reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism electrically connected to the controller; the straw supporting mechanism is used to straighten the stems of the garlic according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guide them to the entrance of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, and the controller controls the reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism to cut the roots and stems of the garlic after adjustment processing by the flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the rice grain supporting mechanism includes a shift rod, a first end of the shift rod is welded to the rice grain supporting base plate, a second end of the shift rod and an adjusting square tube are suspended at a preset angle above the front pulley of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, the first end of the adjusting square tube is welded to the rice grain supporting base plate, the second end of the adjusting square tube is connected to a bent tube via a pin, and the bent tube is fixedly connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism; the first end of the rice grain supporting adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the rice grain supporting base plate, the second end of the rice grain supporting adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the first end of a spring, the second end of the spring is connected to a movable rod arranged on a bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, and the movable rod moves on the bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism to pull the spring.

[0009] The cam is an axially-coupled belt conveyor belt of the embodiment of the present invention, and a plurality of tensioning belt pulleys are arranged at equal intervals between the front and rear ends of the support frame. A pressure wheel is arranged between the front and rear tensioning belt pulleys. A scraper plate is arranged on one side of the pressure wheel. The scraper plate is fixedly connected to a first end of a pressure wheel bracket plate. The second end of the pressure wheel bracket plate contacts the pressure wheel. The first end of the tension wheel bracket plate is fixedly connected to the first end of the tension wheel support plate. The tension wheel support plate is welded to the support frame. The second end of the tension wheel bracket plate contacts the tension wheel. The front pulley, the tensioning belt pulley, the rear pulley and the pressure wheel are connected by a first belt transmission. The surface of the first belt is provided with an anti-slip rubber layer.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the belt clamping and conveying mechanism also includes a motor, which is fixed on a motor box. The motor is rotatably connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft through a gear, and the second end of the first transmission shaft is transmission-connected to the rear pulley through a pin key. A first transmission shaft sleeve is provided outside the first transmission shaft, and the bottom end of the motor box is fixedly connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft sleeve, and the second end of the first transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the support frame.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the flexible clamping and cutting adjustment mechanism includes parallel frames, wherein pulleys are respectively provided at both ends of the frames, rollers are provided between the pulleys, the rollers are arranged on the frames via roller brackets, the pulleys and the rollers are connected via belt transmission, an adjustment frame and a connecting frame are respectively provided on the end surfaces of the frames, a plurality of adjustment ports are provided on the adjustment frame, a first end of the adjustment frame is movably connected to the frame, a second end of the adjustment frame is movably connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a rotating bracket is provided at the middle position of the connecting frame, a first end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the frame, a second end of the connecting frame is connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible adjustment device is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the frame, and the flexible adjustment device is fixedly connected to the frame.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the flexible adjustment device includes a support plate, which is fixedly connected to the frame via a connecting frame, a flexible floating plate is arranged at the bottom of the support plate, a spring floating clamping device is fixedly arranged on the flexible floating plate, a brush roller cleaning mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the flexible floating plate, an adjustable profiling plate is arranged at the outlet of the brush roller cleaning mechanism, a six-blade cutting knife is arranged at the bottom of the adjustable profiling plate, the adjustable profiling plate is fixedly connected to the support plate via a connecting frame, and the brush roller cleaning mechanism and the six-blade cutting knife are driven by a brush roller motor and a six-blade cutting knife motor respectively.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the adjustable profiling plate includes an upper profiling plate, a middle profiling plate and a lower profiling plate, and the upper profiling plate, the middle profiling plate and the lower profiling plate are connected by a profiling plate bracket, and the upper profiling plate is provided with up and down adjustment straight slots and front and back adjustment straight slots.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism includes a second transmission shaft, the top of the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft gear through a pin key, the transmission shaft gear is connected to the motor gear through a transmission chain in a gear transmission box, a second transmission shaft sleeve is arranged outside the second transmission shaft, a first end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the gear transmission box, a second end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the frame of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, the end of the transmission shaft is connected to the active spur gear through a pin key, the active spur gear is meshed with the driven spur gear, the driven spur gear is fixedly connected to the crank rocker through a pin key, a rocker support frame and a limit frame are fixed to the rear plate, the limit frame is movably connected to the crank rocker through a groove, a limit shaft is arranged at the bottom of the limit frame, a reciprocating cutter is arranged at the bottom of the limit shaft, and the reciprocating cutter is fixedly connected to the rear plate through a fixing pin.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting method for a garlic harvester, comprising:

[0016] The garlic plants are fed into the feeding port of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism in a naturally drooping state through the stalk-supporting mechanism, and are clamped and conveyed obliquely upwards;

[0017] When the garlic plant moves to the flexible clamping and cutting adjustment mechanism, the garlic plant is straightened and the height of the garlic is maintained through the alignment adjustment device;

[0018] The spring pressing device on the flexible floating plate is used to adjust the height of the garlic head so that it can be aligned and smoothly enter the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism;

[0019] The reduction motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the brush roller to rotate through the driving shaft. After the soil cleaning work is completed, the spring floating clamping device and the adjustable profiling plate cooperate to stably fix the garlic on the adjustable profiling plate, which is convenient for the six-blade cutting knife to cut the roots;

[0020] After the cutting is completed, the second soil cleaning and whisker cutting work is carried out immediately. At the same time, the flexible clamping whisker cutting adjustment mechanism is used to align the top of the garlic head for the second time, and then the reciprocating cutting knife mechanism is controlled to start reciprocating motion to cut the garlic stems and complete the separation of the bulbs and garlic stems.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the calculation formula for the pulley speed of the belt clamping conveyor mechanism is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, v C is the linear speed of the belt of the belt clamping conveyor mechanism, v m is the forward speed of the garlic combine harvester, k is the proportional coefficient, n p is the pulley speed, r p is the pulley pitch circle radius;

[0024] The calculation formula of the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter in the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism is:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, F T is the combined force of the push wheel and the chain pulling force on the bulb, f is the friction force perpendicular to the cutting edge and parallel to the cutting edge, β is the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter, F N is the pressure of garlic bulb on stem disk, f s is the cutting resistance of the stem disc, and u is the friction factor between the stem disc and the cutting knife.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0028] The present application adjusts the position of the garlic through the garlic supporting mechanism to ensure that it is accurately docked and smoothly enters the belt clamping conveying system, thereby achieving stable transportation of the garlic, avoiding problems such as displacement and jamming during the transmission process, and ensuring that the garlic smoothly enters the next processing link.

[0029] The present application designs a spring floating pressing device based on the principle of adaptive pressing to realize adaptive adjustment of the position of garlic, thereby ensuring that the garlic is stably positioned on the adjustable contouring plate, making it convenient for the six-blade cutting knife to accurately remove the root fibrous roots. At the same time, based on the principle of mechanical scraping, a brush roller soil cleaning mechanism is designed. Through the rotation of the brush roller and the contact with the garlic roots, the friction between the bristles and the soil and the mechanical scraping effect are utilized to remove the soil attached to the garlic roots, thereby realizing efficient root cutting and soil cleaning operations.

[0030] The adjustable profiling plate in the present application realizes precise adjustment of its upper and lower positions and horizontal positions through an adjustable connection mechanism, so that the profiling plate can adjust its height and width according to different working conditions or crop forms to ensure optimal adaptability. The parameters of key components are optimized through multi-flexible dynamics coupling simulation, a root cutting operation quality prediction model is established through bench tests and a dual-objective optimization solution is performed, and a design method for cyclic test verification is performed, in order to achieve the operating requirements of low garlic damage rate and high net cutting rate of the adjustable adaptive root and stem cutting device of the garlic harvester. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the supporting mechanism provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 A bottom view schematic diagram of a belt clamping and conveying mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 A front view of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a clamping wheel provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 A structural diagram of a tension pulley provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 7 A structural diagram of a flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 8A top view of the flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a spring floating clamping device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of an adjustable profiling plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of an adjustable profiling plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] in, Figure 1-12 In the figure, the symbols are: 1-motor, 2-reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism, 3-belt clamping and conveying mechanism, 4-spring floating clamping device, 5-brush roller soil cleaning mechanism, 6-alignment adjustment device, 7-grain supporting mechanism, 8-push rod, 9-grain supporting bottom plate, 10-adjusting square tube, 11-bend tube, 12-grain supporting adjustment rod, 13-spring, 14-movable rod, 15-support frame, 16-front pulley, 17-rear pulley, 18-tensioning pulley, 19-pressure wheel, 20-scraper, 21-pressure wheel bracket plate, 22-tensioning wheel bracket plate, 23-tensioning wheel support plate, 24-first belt, 25-first transmission shaft sleeve, 26-frame, 27-pulley, 28-roller, 29- Roller bracket, 30-second belt, 31-adjusting frame, 32-connecting frame, 33-support plate, 34-connecting frame, 35-flexible floating plate, 36-adjustable profiling plate, 37-six-blade cutting knife, 38-brush roller motor, 39-six-blade cutting knife motor, 40-upper profiling plate, 41-middle profiling plate, 42-lower profiling plate, 43-profiling plate bracket, 44-upper and lower adjustment straight notch, 45-front and rear adjustment straight notch, 46-second transmission shaft, 47-gear transmission box, 48-second transmission shaft sleeve, 49-driving spur gear, 50-driven spur gear, 51-crank rocker, 52-rear plate, 53-rocker support frame, 54-limit frame, 55-limit shaft, 56-reciprocating cutter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present solution is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0045] Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1In this embodiment, an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester includes: a controller and a straw supporting mechanism 7 electrically connected to the controller, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3, a flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism and a reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism 2, wherein the straw supporting mechanism 7 is used to straighten the stem of the garlic according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guide it to the entrance of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3, and the controller controls the reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism 2 to cut the root and stem of the garlic after adjusting the flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism.

[0046] See also Figure 2 In this embodiment, the rice-supporting mechanism includes a shifting rod 8, a first end of the shifting rod 8 is welded to the rice-supporting bottom plate 9, a second end of the shifting rod 8 and an adjusting square tube 10 are suspended at 30 degrees above the front pulley 16 of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3, a first end of the adjusting square tube 10 is welded to the rice-supporting bottom plate 9, a second end of the adjusting square tube 10 is connected to a bent tube 11 through a pin, the bent tube 11 is fixedly connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3, a first end of a rice-supporting adjusting rod 12 is fixedly connected to the rice-supporting bottom plate 9, a second end of the rice-supporting adjusting rod 12 is fixedly connected to a first end of a spring 13, a second end of the spring 13 is connected to a movable rod 14 arranged on a bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3, and the movable rod 14 moves on the bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3 to pull the spring 13.

[0047] The supporting mechanism 7 adjusts the lever 8 by adjusting the corresponding nodes. During harvesting, the garlic plants tilt to the left and right, and the belt clamping and conveying mechanism cannot effectively clamp them. The supporting mechanism 7 adjusts the growth posture of the garlic through the lever 8, and moves the tilted mechanism to the middle. At this time, the garlic plants will be supported due to their own rigidity, which is conducive to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism to clamp, thereby ensuring that the garlic is accurately docked and smoothly enters the conveying system, effectively avoiding the problem of garlic falling off or being damaged due to the incorrect posture of the plant or external force in the early stage of transmission, laying the foundation for the subsequent stable beard and stem cutting operations, and ensuring that the garlic can smoothly enter each processing link. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of uneven land for garlic planting, a supporting adjustment rod 12 is added. The supporting adjustment rod 12 regulates the supporting mechanism 7 through the elastic force of the first spring 13, and then adjusts the position of the supporting mechanism 7 on the land to achieve better contact with the garlic plants.

[0048] See also Figures 3 to 6In this embodiment, the belt clamping conveying mechanism 3 includes a support frame 15 arranged in parallel, and a front pulley 16 and a rear pulley 17 are fixed to the front and rear ends of the support frame 15 respectively, and four sets of tensioning pulleys 18 are arranged at equal intervals between the front pulley 16 and the rear pulley 17, wherein a pressure wheel 19 is arranged between the front pulley 16 and the first tensioning pulley 18, and a scraper 20 is arranged on one side of the pressure wheel 19, and the scraper 20 is fixed to the first end of the pressure wheel bracket plate 21 The first belt 24 is connected to the belt clamping conveying mechanism 3, the second end of the pressure wheel bracket plate 21 contacts the pressure wheel 19, the first end of the tension wheel bracket plate 22 is fixedly connected to the first end of the tension wheel support plate 23, the tension wheel support plate 23 is welded to the support frame 15, the second end of the tension wheel bracket plate 22 contacts the tension pulley 18, the front pulley 16, the tension pulley 18, the rear pulley 17 and the pressure wheel 19 are connected by the first belt 24, and the surface of the first belt 24 is provided with an anti-skid rubber layer. When the garlic passes through the belt clamping conveying mechanism 3, the first belt 24 contacts the garlic stem, and the first belt 24 changes the positions of the front pulley 16, the tension pulley 18, the rear pulley 17 and the pressure wheel through the pressure wheel bracket plate 21 to adjust the tightness of the first belt to prevent the garlic plant from being too small in diameter and causing the garlic to be missed.

[0049] See also Figure 4 In this embodiment, the belt clamping and conveying mechanism also includes a motor 1, which is fixed on a motor box. The motor 1 is rotationally connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft through a gear, and the second end of the first transmission shaft is transmission-connected to the rear pulley 17 through a pin key. A first transmission shaft sleeve 25 is arranged outside the first transmission shaft, and the bottom end of the motor box is fixedly connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft sleeve 25, and the second end of the first transmission shaft sleeve 25 is fixedly connected to the support frame 15.

[0050] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8In this embodiment, the flexible clamping beard cutting adjustment mechanism includes a parallel frame 26, and pulleys 27 are respectively provided at both ends of the frame 26. A roller 28 is provided between the pulleys 27. The roller 28 is provided on the frame 26 through a roller bracket 29. The pulley 27 and the roller 28 are connected by a second belt 30. The end surface of the frame 26 is respectively provided with an adjustment frame 31 and a connecting frame 32. The adjustment frame 31 is provided with a plurality of adjustment ports. The first end of the adjustment frame 31 is movably connected to the frame 26, and the second end of the adjustment frame 31 is movably connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. A rotating bracket is provided at the middle position of the connecting frame 31. The first end of the connecting frame 32 is fixedly connected to the frame 26, and the second end of the connecting frame 32 is connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. A flexible adjustment device is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the frame 26, and the flexible adjustment device is fixedly connected to the frame 26. When adjusting, the adjustment frame can jump the screw nut to different adjustment ports respectively.

[0051] See also Figure 7 and Fig. 9 In this embodiment, the flexible adjustment device includes a support plate 33, which is fixedly connected to the frame 26 through a connecting frame 34, a flexible floating plate 35 is arranged at the bottom of the support plate, a spring floating pressing device 4 is fixedly arranged on the flexible floating plate 35, a brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5 is arranged at the bottom of the flexible floating plate 35, an adjustable profiling plate 36 is arranged at the outlet of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5, a six-blade cutting knife 37 is arranged at the bottom of the adjustable profiling plate 36, and the adjustable profiling plate 36 is fixedly connected to the support plate 33 through a connecting frame 34, and the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5 and the six-blade cutting knife 37 are driven by a brush roller motor 38 and a six-blade cutting knife motor 39 respectively. In this embodiment, the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5 is composed of a brush roller motor, a transmission shaft, a brush roller and other components. According to the mechanical scraping principle, the brush roller motor drives the brush roller to rotate at a high speed through the transmission shaft. The surface of the brush roller is covered with dense and elastic bristles. As the garlic moves forward through the alignment adjustment device, the rotating brush roller contacts the garlic roots. Friction and mechanical scraping are generated between the bristles and the soil, effectively and gently removing the soil attached to the garlic roots. The speed of the brush roller and the contact distance with the garlic roots can be adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to adapt to different soil moisture and attachment conditions, thereby ensuring the soil cleaning effect while avoiding damage to the garlic roots.

[0052] See also Fig.10 and Fig.11In this embodiment, the adjustable profiling plate 36 includes an upper profiling plate 40, a middle profiling plate 41 and a lower profiling plate 42, wherein the upper profiling plate 40, the middle profiling plate 41 and the lower profiling plate 42 are connected by a profiling plate bracket 43, and the upper profiling plate 40 is provided with a vertical adjustment straight notch 44 and a front and rear adjustment straight notch 45. The shape design of the adjustable profiling plate matches the common form of the garlic root, and the vertical and horizontal positions thereof can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the straight notch according to different working conditions or crop forms. When cutting the garlic root, the profiling plate can fit the garlic root closely, providing an accurate cutting reference for the six-blade cutting knife, thereby ensuring the accurate removal of the root fibrous roots, which not only improves the cutting efficiency, but also avoids damaging the bottom of the garlic.

[0053] In this embodiment, the spring floating clamping device in the flexible clamping and cutting adjustment mechanism adopts the adaptive pressing principle, and it can automatically adjust the size and direction of the clamping force according to the change of the position of the garlic. When the shape of the garlic is irregular or the position is offset, the spring will be deformed so that the clamping plate always fits the garlic. The garlic always maintains a stable state and smoothly enters the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism. In addition, in order to prevent blockage, a set of rollers are also installed on the clamping plate to ensure that the garlic can be stably positioned on the adjustable profiling plate and pass smoothly, thereby providing a stable foundation for the six-blade cutting knife, ensuring the accurate removal of the root fibrous roots, and improving the accuracy and success rate of cutting the beard.

[0054] The motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the second transmission shaft to drive the brush roller to rotate at high speed. The bristles contact the garlic roots and remove the soil from the garlic roots through friction. By adjusting the brush roller speed and the contact method with the roots, it can adapt to different soil conditions, ensure the soil cleaning effect and avoid damage to the garlic roots. After the garlic is cleaned, it enters the adjustable profiling plate area. The adjustment mechanism of the adjustable profiling plate can be adjusted forward and backward, up and down, to adapt to the shape of garlic roots of different sizes, ensure that the profiling plate fits the garlic roots tightly, and provide an accurate cutting reference for the cutting knife. The shape of the profiling plate after precise adjustment can perfectly match the root of the garlic, ensuring that the six-blade cutting knife accurately cuts off the fibrous roots.

[0055] See also Fig.12In this embodiment, the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism 2 includes a second transmission shaft 46, the top of the second transmission shaft 46 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft gear through a pin key, the transmission shaft gear is connected to the motor gear through a transmission chain in a gear transmission box 47, a second transmission shaft sleeve 48 is arranged outside the second transmission shaft, a first end of the second transmission shaft sleeve 48 is fixedly connected to the gear transmission box 47, a second end of the second transmission shaft sleeve 48 is fixedly connected to the frame 26 of the belt clamping conveying mechanism 3, and the second transmission shaft 4 The end of 6 is connected with the driving spur gear 49 through a pin key, the driving spur gear 49 is meshed with the driven spur gear 50, the driven spur gear 50 is fixedly connected with the crank rocker 51 through a pin key, the rear plate 52 is fixed with a rocker support frame 53 and a limit frame 54, the limit frame 54 is movably connected with the crank rocker 51 through a groove, the limit frame 54 is provided with a limit shaft 55 at the bottom, the limit shaft 55 is provided with a reciprocating cutter 56 at the bottom, and the reciprocating cutter 56 is fixedly connected with the rear plate 52 through a fixing pin.

[0056] In this embodiment, the motor drives the slider crank mechanism to achieve reciprocating linear motion. Since the disc knife is prone to clogging during the stem cutting process, the use of a reciprocating cutter can effectively avoid this problem. When the garlic stem is transported to the bottom of the cutter, the cutter is driven by the slider crank mechanism to move back and forth quickly at a predetermined frequency and stroke to accurately cut the garlic stem neatly. The motion parameters of the cutter can be adjusted according to the growth of the garlic and the harvesting requirements to ensure the best cutting effect.

[0057] Corresponding to the adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester provided in the above embodiment, the present application also provides an embodiment of an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting method for a garlic harvester.

[0058] An adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting method for a garlic harvester provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0059] S101, during operation, the garlic plants are fed into the feeding inlet of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism in a naturally drooping state through the straw supporting mechanism, and are clamped and conveyed obliquely upward.

[0060] S102, when the garlic plant moves to the flexible clamping and cutting adjustment mechanism, the garlic plant is straightened and the height of the garlic is maintained through the alignment adjustment device.

[0061] S103, using the spring pressing device on the flexible floating plate to adjust the height of the garlic head so that it is aligned and can smoothly enter the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism.

[0062] S104, the reduction motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the brush roller to rotate through the driving shaft. After the soil cleaning work is completed, the spring floating clamping device and the adjustable profiling plate cooperate to stably fix the garlic on the adjustable profiling plate, so that the six-blade cutting knife can cut the roots conveniently.

[0063] S105, after the cutting is completed, the soil is cleared and the garlic whiskers are cut for the second time. At the same time, the top of the garlic head is aligned for the second time by using the flexible clamping and cutting adjustment mechanism, and the reciprocating cutting knife mechanism is controlled to start reciprocating motion to cut the garlic stems, thereby completing the separation of the bulb and the garlic stems.

[0064] In the design method of the garlic harvester in this embodiment, the pulley clamping motion equation is established for calculating the pulley speed of the belt clamping conveying mechanism, and the geometric relationship between the forward speed in the extraction stage and the belt conveying speed is analyzed to adjust the pulley speed. The calculation formula of the pulley speed is:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, v C is the linear speed of the belt of the belt clamping conveyor mechanism, v m is the forward speed of the garlic combine harvester, k is the proportional coefficient, n p is the pulley speed, r p is the pulley pitch circle radius.

[0067] In order to ensure the harvesting effect of garlic and avoid damage to garlic heads during the harvesting process, this embodiment designs a spring floating clamping device composed of a spring and a flexible floating plate structure based on the adaptive adjustment principle of the spring in the flexible clamping and cutting adjustment mechanism. The device can ensure that the garlic always maintains a stable clamping force during the entire harvesting process. The compression force of the spring floating clamping device is determined by the elastic coefficient and compression amount of the spring, and the calculation formula is:

[0068] F=k·Δx

[0069] Where F is the compression force of the spring (N), k is the elastic constant of the spring (N / m), and Δx is the compression of the spring (m).

[0070] The cutting mechanics model of the reciprocating cutter cutting stem mechanism is constructed to determine the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter cutting stem mechanism. Within the pull-out force range of the garlic stem, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, F T is the combined force of the push wheel and the chain pulling force on the bulb, f is the friction force perpendicular to the cutting edge and parallel to the cutting edge, β is the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter, FN is the pressure of garlic bulb on stem disk, f s is the cutting resistance of the stem disc, and u is the friction factor between the stem disc and the cutting knife.

[0073] In the design process of the device of this embodiment, a simplified assembly model of an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device is constructed, and the reconstructed model is imported into the RecurDyn software, and the constraints Joint, Motion, Force and Contact conditions are defined, and kinematic simulation is performed to analyze the motion performance of each mechanism and optimize the design parameters. By constructing a discrete element model of the plant and the soil, a discrete element simulation is performed to verify the contact between the soil and the garlic plant, and to ensure that the mechanical scraping and soil cleaning effects are good. In addition, EDEM-RecurDyn is used for coupled simulation to verify the operating effects under different soil conditions, providing data support for the design of key components of the device.

[0074] The optimal working parameters of the adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device were determined, and bench tests were carried out. During the test, the Box-Behnken central combination test method was used, and regression analysis and variance analysis were performed on the experimental data through Design-Expert8.0.5 software to establish a beard cutting operation quality prediction model. The optimal working parameter combination was determined through dual-objective optimization solution, and experimental verification was carried out to ensure that the working effect of the garlic harvester was optimal.

[0075] In the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0076] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0077] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester, characterized in that: include: A controller and a garlic-supporting mechanism, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible clamping and cutting whisker adjusting mechanism and a reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism electrically connected to the controller; the garlic-supporting mechanism is used to straighten the garlic stems according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guide them to the entrance of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism; the controller controls the reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism to cut the roots and stems of the garlic after adjusting the flexible clamping and cutting whisker adjusting mechanism.

2. The adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for garlic harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice grain supporting mechanism includes a shift rod, a first end of the shift rod is welded to the rice grain supporting base plate, a second end of the shift rod and an adjusting square tube are suspended at a preset angle above the front pulley of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, the first end of the adjusting square tube is welded to the rice grain supporting base plate, the second end of the adjusting square tube is connected to a bent tube via a pin, and the bent tube is fixedly connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism; the first end of the rice grain supporting adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the rice grain supporting base plate, the second end of the rice grain supporting adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the first end of a spring, the second end of the spring is connected to a movable rod arranged on a bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, and the movable rod moves on the bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism to pull the spring.

3. The adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for garlic harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cam is secured to the front of the belt and is provided with a plurality of tensioning pulleys at equal intervals, the tensioning pulleys being arranged on the front and rear ends of the support frame.

4. The adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for garlic harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The belt clamping and conveying mechanism also includes a motor, which is fixed on a motor box. The motor is rotatably connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft through a gear, and the second end of the first transmission shaft is transmission-connected to the rear pulley through a pin key. A first transmission shaft sleeve is arranged outside the first transmission shaft, and the bottom end of the motor box is fixedly connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft sleeve, and the second end of the first transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the support frame.

5. The adjustable adaptive root and stem cutting device for garlic harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible clamping and cutting beard adjustment mechanism includes a parallel frame, wherein pulleys are respectively provided at both ends of the frame, a roller is provided between the pulleys, and the roller is arranged on the frame through a roller bracket, and the pulley and the roller are connected through a belt transmission, and an adjustment frame and a connecting frame are respectively provided on the end surfaces of the frame, and a plurality of adjustment ports are provided on the adjusting frame, the first end of the adjusting frame is movably connected to the frame, the second end of the adjusting frame is movably connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a rotating bracket is provided at the middle position of the connecting frame, the first end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the frame, and the second end of the connecting frame is connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, and a flexible adjustment device is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the frame, and the flexible adjustment device is fixedly connected to the frame.

6. The adjustable adaptive root and stem cutting device for garlic harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flexible adjustment device includes a support plate, which is fixedly connected to the frame via a connecting frame, a flexible floating plate is arranged at the bottom of the support plate, a spring floating pressing device is fixedly arranged on the flexible floating plate, a brush roller soil cleaning mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the flexible floating plate, an adjustable profiling plate is arranged at the outlet of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism, a six-blade cutting knife is arranged at the bottom of the adjustable profiling plate, the adjustable profiling plate is fixedly connected to the support plate via a connecting frame, and the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism and the six-blade cutting knife are driven by a brush roller motor and a six-blade cutting knife motor respectively.

7. The adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for garlic harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjustable profiling plate comprises an upper profiling plate, a middle profiling plate and a lower profiling plate, wherein the upper profiling plate, the middle profiling plate and the lower profiling plate are connected via a profiling plate bracket, and the upper profiling plate is provided with up-and-down adjustment straight notches and front-and-back adjustment straight notches.

8. The adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for garlic harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism includes a second transmission shaft, the top of the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft gear through a pin key, the transmission shaft gear is connected to the motor gear through a transmission chain in the gear transmission box, a second transmission shaft sleeve is arranged outside the second transmission shaft, a first end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the gear transmission box, a second end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the frame of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, the end of the second transmission shaft is connected to the active spur gear through a pin key, the active spur gear is meshed with the driven spur gear, the driven spur gear is fixedly connected to the crank rocker through a pin key, a rocker support frame and a limit frame are fixed to the rear plate, the limit frame is movably connected to the crank rocker through a groove, a limit shaft is arranged at the bottom of the limit frame, a reciprocating cutter is arranged at the bottom of the limit shaft, and the reciprocating cutter is fixedly connected to the rear plate through a fixing pin.

9. A method for adjusting and adaptively cutting beard and stems of a garlic harvester, using the adjustable and adaptively cutting beard and stems device of a garlic harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: The garlic plants are fed into the feeding port of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism in a naturally drooping state through the stalk-supporting mechanism, and are clamped and conveyed obliquely upwards; When the garlic plant moves to the flexible clamping and cutting adjustment mechanism, the garlic plant is straightened and the height of the garlic is maintained through the alignment adjustment device; The spring pressing device on the flexible floating plate is used to adjust the height of the garlic head so that it can be aligned and smoothly enter the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism; The reduction motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the brush roller to rotate through the driving shaft. After the soil cleaning work is completed, the spring floating clamping device and the adjustable profiling plate cooperate to stably fix the garlic on the adjustable profiling plate, which is convenient for the six-blade cutting knife to cut the roots; After the cutting is completed, the second soil cleaning and whisker cutting work is carried out immediately. At the same time, the flexible clamping whisker cutting adjustment mechanism is used to align the top of the garlic head for the second time, and then the reciprocating cutting knife mechanism is controlled to start reciprocating motion to cut the garlic stems and complete the separation of the bulbs and garlic stems.

10. The adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting method for a garlic harvester according to claim 9, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the pulley speed of the belt clamping conveyor mechanism is: Among them, v C is the linear speed of the belt of the belt clamping conveyor mechanism, v m is the forward speed of the garlic combine harvester, k is the proportional coefficient, n p is the pulley speed, r p is the pulley pitch circle radius; The calculation formula of the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter in the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism is: Among them, F T is the combined force of the push wheel and the chain pulling force on the bulb, f is the friction force perpendicular to the cutting edge and parallel to the cutting edge, β is the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter, F N is the pressure of garlic bulb on stem disk, f s is the cutting resistance of the stem disc, and u is the friction factor between the stem disc and the cutting knife.

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