Comprehensive treatment method for jujube witches broom of jujube trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive treatment method for jujube witches broom of jujube trees, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: pruning diseased branches; applying stellera chamaejasme extract to the root soil of the jujube tree with the branches trimmed off; a diluent of a treatment agent B is sprayed on leaf surfaces of jujube witches broom plants, and the jujube witches broom treatment agent B is obtained in the mode that ginkgo leaves, astragalus sinicus and stellera chamaejasme serve as raw materials and are subjected to ethanol reflux extraction, an obtained crude extract is dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol, and 60 Co-gamma irradiation is conducted. According to the method, a comprehensive treatment means is adopted for the jujube witches broom, on the basis that diseased branches are pruned and removed through a physical means, the roots and leaves of jujube witches broom plants are synchronously treated through different treatment agents, pathogenic substances of the jujube witches broom and pests serving as virus transmission media are effectively killed, and then the jujube witches broom of jujube trees is effectively controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a comprehensive control method for jujube tree madness. Background Art

[0002] Jujube trees are an important economic crop that is not only edible but also medicinal. Jujube madness is a highly harmful infectious disease that causes the death of jujube trees and reduces production. Infected jujube trees grow abnormally, forming not only clumps of branches but also smaller and yellowing leaves. Jujube madness is not only harmful but also occurs frequently. Once it occurs, it will cause serious economic losses to the jujube industry.

[0003] The specific manifestations of jujube madness are leaf clustering, flower organ degeneration, leaf yellowing, and leaves not falling off in winter. At present, the main means of preventing and controlling jujube madness are as follows: (1) Physical control: Physical control refers to the use of physical methods to cut off the transmission and spread of jujube madness pathogens, which has good effects and no pesticide residues. The most direct method is to cut off the diseased branches of jujube madness, transport them out of the jujube orchard by isolation, and burn them in a centralized manner. This can directly remove the pathogens, but it should be noted that they should not come into contact with other healthy branches during transportation. In addition, ring barking can also prevent the transfer of pathogens. By cutting off the crazy branches and ring barking, the early stage of jujube madness can be effectively prevented and controlled. (2) Chemical control: The jujube madness is prevented and controlled by chemical drugs, such as spraying pesticides. It should be noted that in the prevention and control of jujube madness, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the prevention and control of pathogenic substances of jujube madness, but also to pay attention to killing the vectors of jujube madness, such as piercing-sucking pests. (3) Agricultural control: For example, the method of grafting madness-resistant rootstocks can be used to prevent and control jujube madness, thereby effectively controlling the development of jujube madness.

[0004] In order to avoid the serious damage caused by jujube madness to the jujube industry, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive control method for jujube madness of jujube trees to achieve efficient prevention and control of jujube madness. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive control method for jujube tree jujube madness to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a comprehensive control method for jujube tree jujube madness, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Pruning diseased branches

[0009] When pruning diseased branches of jujube trees, use heavy pruning, pruning from the base of the diseased branches, leaving no stumps, and destroying the cut diseased branches in a centralized manner, without contact with other healthy branches during the processing;

[0010] (2) Application of jujube madness treatment agent A

[0011] Digging trenches in the soil surface at the roots of the jujube trees pruned in step (1), spreading and burying the jujube madness treatment agent A in the soil for fertilization: the jujube madness treatment agent A is a Daphne chamaejasme extract;

[0012] (3) Spray the jujube madness treatment agent B on the leaves;

[0013] On the basis of applying the jujube madness disease treatment agent A to the jujube madness disease plants, a diluted solution of the treatment agent B is sprayed on the leaves of the jujube madness disease plants; the jujube madness disease treatment agent B is prepared by the following steps:

[0014] a. Ginkgo biloba leaves, astragalus and Stellera chamaejasme were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:1-2:1-2 and crushed, ethanol was added for reflux extraction, and the extract was concentrated to obtain a crude extract;

[0015] b. dissolving the crude extract in tert-butyl alcohol, 60 Co-γ irradiation is used to obtain the jujube madness treatment agent B.

[0016] Furthermore, the jujube madness treatment agent A is applied according to the following application rate standard:

[0017] Level II: The application rate of the treatment agent A for jujube madness is 0.20-0.25kg / plant;

[0018] Level III: The application rate of the treatment agent A for jujube madness is 0.25-0.35kg / plant;

[0019] Level IV: The application rate of the treatment agent A for jujube madness is 0.35-0.45kg / plant;

[0020] Spray the jujube madness treatment agent B according to the following spraying amount standard:

[0021] Level II: Spray 2000-3000 times diluted solution of Jujube Madness Treatment Agent B;

[0022] Level III: Spray 1500-2000 times diluted solution of Jujube Madness Treatment Agent B;

[0023] Level IV: Spray 1000-1500 times diluted solution of Jujube Madness Treatment Agent B;

[0024] Among them, the classification standards for the disease grade of jujube madness are as follows:

[0025] Ⅰ: No crazy branches; Ⅱ: The proportion of diseased branches is ≤25%; Ⅲ: 25%<the proportion of diseased branches is ≤50%; Ⅳ: 50%<the proportion of diseased branches is ≤75%; Ⅴ: The proportion of diseased branches is >75%.

[0026] Furthermore, the preparation method of the Stellera chamaejasme extract comprises the following steps:

[0027] The Stellera chamaejasme is decocted, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated. The alcohol content is adjusted to 30-35% with ethanol, and the precipitate is discarded after standing. Thereafter, the alcohol content is adjusted to 55-65% with ethanol, and the precipitate is collected after standing. The precipitate is freeze-dried to obtain the Stellera chamaejasme extract.

[0028] Furthermore, the 60 The dose of Co-γ irradiation was 3.25-6.55 kGy.

[0029] Furthermore, for jujube trees with jujube madness disease grade reaching IV, the jujube trees were uprooted and the jujube madness disease treatment agent A was spread and buried in the soil after the uprooting at an application rate of 0.5-0.6 kg / tree and evenly applied.

[0030] Furthermore, for jujube trees with grade I jujube madness disease, jujube madness disease treatment agent A can be spread at an application rate of 0.05-0.10 kg / plant for prevention; it can also be further combined with jujube madness disease treatment agent B for spraying, preferably a 4000-fold dilution.

[0031] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0032] The present invention adopts a comprehensive control method for the jujube madness disease. On the basis of pruning and removing diseased branches by physical means, different treatment agents are used to simultaneously treat the roots and leaves of jujube madness diseased plants, effectively killing the jujube madness disease pathogens and pests that serve as virus transmission media, thereby effectively controlling the jujube madness disease on jujube trees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0035] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0036] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0037] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0038] Stellera chamaejasme is a perennial herb. The root is thick, cylindrical, woody, with brown outer skin, light yellow cross section, and cottony fibers. The stem is erect, with several stems growing in clusters. The leaves are alternate, sessile, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, entire, and glabrous. The round head inflorescence is terminal, and looks like a bunch of match heads when not open; the involucre is green; the flowers are yellow or white, light red; the perianth is tubular and thin, slightly swollen at the base, with 5 lobes at the tip, and the lobes have purple-red net patterns; there are 10 stamens, almost without filaments, and they are born in 2 whorls in the perianth tube; the ovary is superior. The fruit is conical and is wrapped by the base of the perianth tube. The flowering period is summer.

[0039] Astragalus sinicus L., also known as Qiaoyao and Honghuacao, is a biennial herbaceous plant of the genus Astragalus in the Fabaceae family. Astragalus sinicus has many branches and is covered with sparse white soft hairs; the leaves are odd-pinnate, with leaflets obovate or elliptical, nearly hairless on the upper surface and scattered white soft hairs on the lower surface, with short petioles; the inflorescence is in racemes, with corollas of purple-red or orange-yellow; the fruit is a pod, which is linear and oblong, slightly curved, with a short beak, and black; the seeds are kidney-shaped and chestnut brown; the flowering period is from February to June, and the fruiting period is from March to July.

[0040] Ginkgo leaves are the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., a plant of the Ginkgoaceae family. They have the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, unblocking meridians and relieving pain, astringing the lungs and relieving asthma, removing turbidity and lowering blood lipids. They are currently commonly used for blood stasis blocking the meridians, chest pain and heart pain, hemiplegia caused by stroke, cough and asthma caused by lung deficiency, and hyperlipidemia.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] In 2020, prevention and control of jujube madness disease was carried out in a jujube forest in Shaanxi Province. The disease condition was graded according to the incidence of diseased branches of jujube trees. The classification standards are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1

[0044] grade Representative value Diseased branches Ⅰ 0 No Crazy Branches Ⅱ 1 Diseased branches account for ≤ 25% Ⅲ 2 25%<The proportion of diseased branches ≤50% Ⅳ 3 50%<The proportion of diseased branches ≤75% Ⅴ 4 Diseased branches account for >75%

[0045] A total of 40 jujube trees were treated with comprehensive prevention and control. The incidence rate and disease index of the jujube trees were statistically analyzed and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0046] Incidence rate (%) = number of diseased plants / total number of plants investigated × 100;

[0047] Disease index = ∑ (representative value of each disease level × number of cases at each level) / (maximum representative value × total number of investigations at each disease level) × 100.

[0048] Table 2

[0049]

[0050] The comprehensive treatment method for jujube madness in jujube trees in jujube forests is as follows:

[0051] (1) Pruning diseased branches

[0052] When pruning diseased branches of jujube trees, use heavy pruning, pruning from the base of the diseased branches without leaving stumps. The cut diseased branches should be burned in a centralized location, and they should not come into contact with other healthy branches during the processing.

[0053] (2) Application of jujube madness treatment agent A

[0054] Dig radial grooves in the soil at the root of the jujube trees pruned in step (1), and evenly spread the jujube madness treatment agent A into the soil according to the following application rate standard:

[0055] Level II: The application rate of the treatment agent A for date madness is 0.25kg / plant;

[0056] Level III: The application rate of the treatment agent A for date madness is 0.35kg / plant;

[0057] Level IV: The application rate of the treatment agent A for jujube madness is 0.45kg / plant.

[0058] The jujube madness treatment agent A used was a Stellera chamaejasme extract prepared by the following steps:

[0059] a. Crush the Daphne chamaejasme, pass through a 200-mesh sieve, add 8 times the amount of water and boil 3 times, each time for 1 hour, filter, and combine the filtrate;

[0060] b. Concentrate the filtrate, add anhydrous ethanol until the alcohol content reaches 30%, let it stand and centrifuge, then discard the precipitate; continue to add anhydrous ethanol until the alcohol content reaches 65%, let it stand and then filter to obtain the precipitate, freeze-dry the precipitate to obtain the Stellera chamaejasme extract.

[0061] (3) Spray the leaves with the drug B for treating jujube madness

[0062] On the basis of applying soil treatment agent to the plants with jujube madness, spray the diluted solution of treatment agent B on the leaves of the plants with jujube madness until the agent drips on the leaves:

[0063] Level II: spray 2000 times diluted solution of treatment agent B for jujube madness;

[0064] Level III: spray 1500 times diluted solution of treatment agent B for date madness;

[0065] Level IV: Spray 1000 times diluted solution of the treatment agent B for date madness.

[0066] The jujube madness treatment agent B used is prepared by the following steps:

[0067] a. Ginkgo biloba leaves, astragalus and Stellera chamaejasme were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and crushed, ethanol was added for reflux extraction, and the extract was concentrated to obtain a crude extract;

[0068] b. The crude extract was dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol and subjected to a dose of 3.55 kGy 60 Co-γ irradiation was used to obtain agent B for treating jujube madness.

[0069] After two years of comprehensive management, the incidence rate and disease index of jujube trees in 2023 are shown in Table 3.

[0070] Table 3

[0071]

[0072] It can be seen that after being treated with the comprehensive treatment method of the present invention, the incidence of jujube madness disease of jujube trees was reduced from 100% to 67.5%, and the disease index was reduced from 0.85 to 0.31; only a few plants were affected, and the disease was relatively mild.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] The only difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 1 only performs step (1) of pruning diseased branches.

[0075] The total number of jujube trees treated in Comparative Example 1 was 40. The incidence rate and disease index of jujube madness disease in jujube trees are shown in Table 4.

[0076] Table 4

[0077]

[0078] After two years of comprehensive management, the incidence rate and disease index of jujube trees in 2023 are shown in Table 5.

[0079] Table 5

[0080]

[0081] The present invention combines physical control measures and further uses a treatment agent to simultaneously treat the roots and leaves of the jujube madness disease plants, effectively killing the jujube madness disease pathogens and leafhoppers that serve as virus transmission media, thereby effectively controlling the jujube madness disease of jujube trees.

[0082] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive control method for jujube tree jujube madness, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Pruning diseased branches When pruning diseased branches of jujube trees, use heavy pruning, pruning from the base of the diseased branches, leaving no stumps, and destroying the cut diseased branches in a centralized manner, without contact with other healthy branches during the processing; (2) Application of jujube madness treatment agent A Digging trenches in the soil surface at the roots of the jujube trees pruned in step (1), spreading and burying the jujube madness treatment agent A in the soil for fertilization: the jujube madness treatment agent A is a Daphne chamaejasme extract; (3) Spray the jujube madness treatment agent B on the leaves; On the basis of applying the jujube madness disease treatment agent A to the jujube madness disease plants, a diluted solution of the jujube madness disease treatment agent B is sprayed on the leaves of the jujube madness disease plants; the jujube madness disease treatment agent B is prepared by the following steps: a. Ginkgo biloba leaves, astragalus and Stellera chamaejasme were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:1-2:1-2 and crushed, ethanol was added for reflux extraction, and the extract was concentrated to obtain a crude extract; b. dissolving the crude extract in tert-butyl alcohol, 60 Co-γ irradiation is used to obtain the jujube madness treatment agent B.

2. The comprehensive control method for jujube tree jujube madness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jujube madness treatment agent A was applied according to the following application rate standard: Level II: The application rate of the treatment agent A for jujube madness is 0.20-0.25kg / plant; Level III: The application rate of the treatment agent A for jujube madness is 0.25-0.35kg / plant; Level IV: The application rate of the treatment agent A for jujube madness is 0.35-0.45kg / plant; Spray the jujube madness treatment agent B according to the following spraying amount standard: Level II: Spray 2000-3000 times diluted solution of Jujube Madness Treatment Agent B; Level III: Spray 1500-2000 times diluted solution of Jujube Madness Treatment Agent B; Level IV: Spray 1000-1500 times diluted solution of Jujube Madness Treatment Agent B; Among them, the classification standards for the disease grade of jujube madness are as follows: Ⅰ: No crazy branches; Ⅱ: The proportion of diseased branches is ≤25%; Ⅲ: 25%<the proportion of diseased branches is ≤50%; Ⅳ: 50%<the proportion of diseased branches is ≤75%; Ⅴ: The proportion of diseased branches is >75%.

3. The comprehensive control method for jujube tree jujube madness according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preparation method of the Stellera chamaejasme extract comprises the following steps: The Stellera chamaejasme is decocted, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated. The alcohol content is adjusted to 30-35% with ethanol, and the precipitate is discarded after standing. Thereafter, the alcohol content is adjusted to 55-65% with ethanol, and the precipitate is collected after standing. The precipitate is freeze-dried to obtain the Stellera chamaejasme extract.

4. The comprehensive control method for jujube tree jujube madness according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Said 60 The dose of Co-γ irradiation was 3.25-6.55 kGy.

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