Device for increasing rain and snow by using balloon carrying silver iodide flame agent and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a balloon carrying silver iodide flame agent rain and snow increasing device and an operation method thereof, and relates to a rain and snow increasing device and an operation method thereof. The device comprises a flame bomb device, an electric ignition device and a balloon flame bomb self-destruction device; the flame bomb is a paper shell, is cylindrical, has the length of 20cm and the diameter of 1.8 cm, is filled with 3g of silver iodide and 70-80g of combustion improver, and comprises 49.8 percent of potassium perchlorate (oxidizing agent), 12.5 percent of copper oxide (reducing agent), 15.7 percent of strontium carbonate (reducing agent), 11.9 percent of aluminum magnesium alloy (combustible agent) and 10.1 percent of lac (adhesive); the upper end of the flame bomb is connected with a balloon hanging rope; according to the invention, a comprehensive integration method of numerical forecasting products, Doppler radar, ground meteorological elements, cloud energy weather and the like is adopted, and balloons and flame bombs are scientifically released to carry out rain and snow enhancement operation. Rain and snow enhancement is not limited by airspace, and the method has great significance in relieving industrial water and urban water, increasing the storage capacity of a reservoir and agricultural water, increasing the forest survival rate and reducing the forest fire danger index in winter and spring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a rain and snow enhancement device and an operating method thereof, in particular to a rain and snow enhancement device carried by a balloon with silver iodide flame agent and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2 has been increasing. With the continued global warming, the mid-latitude regions are suffering from severe droughts. Desert areas will expand and water shortages will become more serious. This is a danger that the world is concerned about. Due to the influence of geographical location and climatic conditions, the agricultural foundation is fragile and threatened by natural disasters. The situation of rain-fed agriculture has not been completely eliminated. The drought and lack of rain have caused agricultural production to decrease and farmers' income to increase slowly. Especially in areas where drought occurs nine out of ten years. Therefore, in order to improve agricultural production conditions, change the ecological environment and ensure industrial water use, from the current situation, the way out is to develop cloud water resources. The shortage of water resources has not only seriously hindered the development of the economy, but also caused great losses to the production and life of the people. In recent years, the groundwater level has dropped seriously, the river has stopped flowing, and the reservoir has dried up, which has not only directly affected industrial and agricultural production, but also caused a shortage of drinking water for humans and livestock. With the development of the economy and the increase in population, water consumption will increase rapidly, and the contradiction between water supply and demand will become more prominent. At the same time, climate change promotes the increase in ecological water use. As the global climate warms, the average temperature is rising significantly, the evaporation of vegetation is increasing, and the precipitation in the mid-latitudes is decreasing significantly, and the contradiction between water supply and demand will become more prominent. Therefore, the problem of water shortage will continue to intensify in the next decade or so, and the demand for water is also growing with the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, and the contradiction between water supply and demand will be further intensified.

[0003] Precipitation is closely related to the amount of water resources. Analysis shows that precipitation determines the amount of water resources. Due to low precipitation, freshwater resources are scarce. Water shortage in highly water-deficient areas not only seriously affects industrial and agricultural production, greatly restricts economic development, but also threatens urban and rural residents' domestic water and ecological water use. Therefore, carrying out artificial rainfall, developing cloud water resources, and increasing precipitation are important means to improve water shortage and increase the total amount of water resources.

[0004] When using aircraft, anti-aircraft guns, and rockets for rainmaking operations, airspace approval must be sought under any circumstances and is subject to restrictions by air traffic control departments. In addition, there are many routes. Especially under stable weather conditions, it is very difficult to obtain airspace approval during the day, and sometimes it may not be approved for a whole day, resulting in the loss of many rain and snow weather processes.

[0005] Cloud water in the sky is the source of all water resources on land. As the saying goes, "water in rivers comes from the sky." Both surface water and groundwater come from water in the sky. In today's increasingly scarce water resources, developing cloud water resources in the sky and taking water from the sky is of fundamental significance. Generally, artificial rainfall can increase natural precipitation by 20%, up to 30%; increasing rainfall upstream of reservoirs in summer can increase the water storage capacity of reservoirs. Using the regulating function of reservoirs can alleviate the contradiction of water shortage. Cloud water in the sky is a passing cloud. People use catalytic methods to bring water from the sky down to the ground, so as not to let it run away in vain, to achieve artificial rainfall. It is estimated that the precipitation that naturally falls to the ground from precipitation clouds only accounts for 20% of the total cloud water resources, and 80% of cloud water resources are waiting to be developed. Practice has proved that cloud water resources in the sky have strong regeneration. Seizing favorable opportunities to develop cloud water resources is an effective way to prevent and reduce disasters and improve the ecological environment, and it is one of the most effective and economical means to solve the problem of drought.

[0006] Balloon flares for rain and snow enhancement will not cause any unsafe accidents, and are low-cost, safe and reliable, and not restricted by airspace. Artificial rainfall enhancement is a science and technology that is in urgent need and very difficult to carry out, and is also a comprehensive meteorological service technology that is highly recognized by local governments and farmers. Due to the increase in precipitation, field crops have achieved bumper harvests year after year, the survival rate of tree planting and grass planting has been significantly improved, and the forest coverage rate has increased. It has played a great role in alleviating groundwater, replenishing surface water, effectively alleviating industrial water use, ensuring agricultural harvests and improving the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a balloon-carried silver iodide flare rain and snow enhancement device and its operation method. The balloon flare rain and snow enhancement of the present invention is not restricted by airspace, and adopts a comprehensive integration method such as numerical forecast products, Doppler radar, ground meteorological elements and cloud energy day, and scientifically releases balloon flares to carry out rain and snow enhancement operations. It is of great significance to alleviate industrial water use, urban water use, increase reservoir capacity and agricultural water use, and to improve forest survival rate and reduce forest fire risk index in winter and spring.

[0008] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A balloon-carrying silver iodide flame agent rain and snow enhancement device and an operating method thereof, the device comprising a flame bomb device, an electric ignition device, and a balloon flame bomb self-destruction device; the flame bomb is a paper shell, cylindrical, 20 cm long, 1.8 cm in diameter, containing 3 g of silver iodide and 70-80 g of a combustion aid, wherein potassium perchlorate (oxidant) is 49.8%, copper oxide (reducing agent) is 12.5%, strontium carbonate (reducing agent) is 15.7%, aluminum-magnesium alloy (combustible agent) is 11.9%, and shellac (adhesive agent) is 10.1%; the upper end of the flame bomb is connected to a balloon suspension rope; the lower end of the flame bomb is equipped with a liquid medicine (resin) Glue, nitro varnish), the soaked delay fuze is moisture-proof and waterproof; the end of the delay fuze is equipped with an electric ignition device, which is ignited by a dry battery; the other end of the delay fuze is inserted into the place where the flare connects to the gunpowder; after the flare is spread, there is a fire barrier layer of about 5mm on the top, which is the balloon flare self-destruction device with 3g of bright bead powder, 4g of propellant, and the diameter of the medicine ball is 6mm. The ratio is: potassium perchlorate (oxidizer) 45%, sponge titanium powder (metal combustible agent) 30%, 101 alloy powder (metal combustible agent) 10%, shellac (adhesive) 5%, phenolic resin (adhesive) 10%; the total weight is 92-95g.

[0009] The balloon carries a silver iodide pyrotechnic rain and snow enhancement device. The pyrotechnic bomb burns and spreads the silver iodide pyrotechnic agent in the cloud for an average of 134 seconds, and the pyrotechnic agent combustion temperature is 1500°C.

[0010] The balloon-carried silver iodide flame agent rain and snow enhancement device has a catalyst formula of AgI:6% and an average ice nucleus generation rate of 6.3×10 13 Pieces / g.

[0011] The balloon carries a silver iodide flame agent rain and snow enhancement device. The delayed fuse treated with medicine, resin glue and nitro varnish burns 1 cm on average in 1 minute and is not afraid of rain spray (plays a role of moisture and water resistance). The No. 22 balloon rises 280m per minute.

[0012] The balloon carries a silver iodide flame agent rain and snow enhancement device, the long fuse of the delayed fuse is 21 cm, and the short fuse is 14 cm; under the condition of -20°C, the freezing duration is 45 hours, and the average burning time of the long and short fuses is 681.14 seconds.

[0013] A method for operating a balloon-carrying silver iodide flare rain and snow enhancement device, the method comprising the operation process of the balloon flare and the self-destruction device: (1) Selecting conditions for increasing rain and snow: Based on numerical forecast products, we analyze the vertical characteristics of the different temperature fields, pressure fields, humidity fields, and wind fields. Combined with Doppler radar and ground meteorological elements and cloud energy day integration, we determine that continuous updrafts are the best time to increase rain and snow, so that balloon bombs can be spread at a temperature of -7 to -19°C.

[0014] (2) Select weather conditions. For example, the Jianghuai cyclone, the North China cyclone, the Northeast cold vortex, and the Northeast low pressure are the best weather conditions for using balloon bombs to increase rain and snow.

[0015] (3) Select layered clouds such as Cs fil, Cs nebu, As op, Sc op, Nmbostratus (Ns), and locally generated clouds such as Cu cong, Cb calv, Cb cap, Fn, etc., to carry out balloon flare operations to enhance rain and snow, thus expanding the effect and scope of the operations.

[0016] (4) Understand the ground wind speed: When the wind speed at 10m above the ground is less than 7m / s, the balloon flare will be released effectively; when the wind speed at 10m above the ground exceeds 7m / s, it will affect the rising speed of the balloon flare.

[0017] (5) Arrange the operation points: After analyzing the weather situation and the systematic layered clouds and locally generated clouds, and based on the physical quantities of the main meteorological elements in the air and on the ground, arrange 1 to 2 first release points upstream of the operation impact area, with a spacing of 6 km. Then, arrange 2 to 3 second release points 11 km upstream of the first release point in the operation impact area, with a spacing of 7 to 9 km. A light truck carrying 16 bottles of helium can release 200 flares, which is the number released at one operation point.

[0018] (6) Flame bomb self-destruction device: The balloon flare gradually burns while spreading flare in the cloud. After the flare is spread, there is a fire barrier layer of about 5 mm on the top, which is the balloon flare bomb self-destruction device. The flare powder is 3g, the propellant is 4g, and the diameter of the medicine ball is 6mm. The flare powder and the propellant work at the same time to destroy the balloon.

[0019] Practical effect testing and prediction technology are technical difficulties and unavoidable scientific issues in the field of artificial rainfall worldwide. The development of artificial rainfall tools and economic benefit evaluation methods will remain the main task of global research for a long time to come. Using regression analysis and other methods, and using the precipitation data of Chaoyang City and various counties from 2003 to 2023, the national meteorological station in Chaoyang City and various counties quantitatively evaluated that balloon flares increased precipitation by 30.86 mm per year in the operation-affected area of ​​Kalaqin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County (abbreviated as: Kalaqin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County), and increased 69.06 million tons of water per year; this is the longest time for balloon flare operation effect evaluation using national meteorological station data at home and abroad.

[0020] The advantages and effects of the present invention are: The present invention systematically analyzes the feasibility of artificial rain and snow enhancement by balloon-carrying silver iodide flares. The results show that the weather conditions are Jianghuai cyclone, North China cyclone, Northeast cold vortex, Northeast low pressure, etc., and the artificial rain and snow enhancement effect is good. The most obvious are the cirrostratus, thin curtain cirrostratus, light-blocking high-level clouds, light-blocking stratocumulus, nimbostratus, and locally generated cumulus congestus, bald cumulonimbus, bristle cumulonimbus, and broken rain clouds in stable layered clouds. The key technology (release technology) and discrimination method of balloon flare rain and snow enhancement operation are summarized, and the scientific release operation technology of flare rain and snow enhancement is innovated by numerical forecasting and other methods, achieving an economic benefit of 840 million yuan. Due to the increase in precipitation, Kazuo agriculture has achieved bumper harvests year after year (the jointing, booting and filling periods of corn are the peak water demand periods. If 30-40 mm less rain falls, the yield can be reduced by about 30%). Practice has proved that "balloon flare rain enhancement costs little and has significant effects."

[0021] The positive significance of the present invention is summarized as follows: (1) The present invention solves the problem of difficulty in requesting airspace: Due to the large number of routes flying inside and outside the customs, low-altitude aircraft are gradually released, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to request airspace, resulting in many missed opportunities for rainmaking operations. The diameter of the balloon of the present invention can be inflated to 90-100 cm, which is the standard allowed for flight by the aviation management department (in compliance with Article 31 of Chapter 5 of the General Aviation Flight Control Regulations). The balloon flare is carried into the cloud layer, and the ice nuclei produced after combustion catalyze to increase precipitation, solving the key technical problem of not having to request airspace for artificial rainmaking operations.

[0022] (2) The present invention solves the key technology of the operation: adjust the length of the delayed fuse of the flare bomb according to the atmospheric detection data so that it is spread above the -19 to -7℃ layer, and release it when the wind speed is below 7m / s at 10m above the ground. At the same time, according to the numerical weather forecast products and Doppler radar detection technology, combined with the ground meteorological elements and the cloud energy day comprehensive analysis of the good weather situation, according to the wind direction and wind speed, place 1 to 2 first release points above the benefiting area (the distance between the two points is about 6km), and then 2 to 3 second release points are placed horizontally 11km upstream of the first release point (the distance between each point is 7 to 9km).

[0023] (3) The present invention solves the problem of operational safety: during operation, a light truck carrying 16 bottles of helium (safe, hydrogen is sometimes unsafe) can release about 200 flares, which is the number released at one operation point. Choose rainy weather to fill the balloons, the air humidity is high, and static electricity is not easy to generate. In addition, the use of balloon flares can avoid the risk of injuring people and property. This is incomparable to artillery shells and rockets (the failure rate of artillery shells and rockets is 3‰, the artillery shell warhead does not explode, the rocket parachute does not open, etc.). The use of balloons to carry flares is simple to operate and safe to operate. The flares gradually burn while spreading the flare in the cloud until they are all burned out and the balloon self-destructs, and there is no safety problem.

[0024] (4) The present invention solves the cost problem: a conventional artificial rain-making rocket (containing 8g of silver iodide) costs 3,200 yuan, which is relatively expensive. However, the total cost of launching a balloon-made rain-snow flare (containing 3g of silver iodide) is only 250 yuan (including flare, helium, balloon, operation allowance, etc.), which is relatively low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the flame bomb structure of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: suspension rope 1, outer shell 2, combustion aid 3, silver iodide 4, gunpowder 5, delay fuse 6, electric ignition device 7, balloon self-destruction device 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The invention discloses a new device for increasing rain and snow by carrying silver iodide flame agent in a balloon, which includes a flame bomb device, an electric ignition device, a balloon flame bomb self-destruction device, etc. The flame bomb structure adopts a paper shell 2, which is cylindrical, 20 cm long and 1.8 cm in diameter, and contains 3 g of silver iodide and 70-80 g of a combustion aid: 49.8% potassium perchlorate (oxidant), 12.5% ​​copper oxide (reducing agent), 15.7% strontium carbonate (reducing agent), 11.9% aluminum-magnesium alloy (combustible agent), and 10.1% shellac (adhesive); the upper end of the flame bomb is connected to a balloon suspension rope 1; the lower end of the flame bomb is equipped with a time-delay fuse 6 soaked in liquid medicine (resin glue, nitro varnish) to play a moisture-proof and waterproof role; the delay fuse 6 is used to prevent the ignition of the balloon and the flame bomb ... The end of the fuse 6 is equipped with an electric ignition device 7, which is ignited by a dry battery; the other end of the delay fuse 6 is inserted into the place where the flare bomb receives the gunpowder 5; after the flare is spread, there is a fireproof layer of about 5mm on the top, which is the balloon flare self-destruction device 8 with 3g of bright bead medicine, 4g of propellant, and a medicine ball diameter of 6mm. Its proportion is: potassium perchlorate (oxidant) 45%, sponge titanium powder (metal combustible) 30%, 101 alloy powder (metal combustible) 10%, shellac (adhesive) 5%, phenolic resin (adhesive) 10%; the total weight is 92-95g. The flare bomb burns and spreads silver iodide flare in the cloud for an average of 134 seconds, and the flare combustion temperature is 1500℃; a large number of artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud, thus making up for the lack of ice crystal concentration in the cloud. Ice crystals grow directly into snow crystals in liquid clouds through the evaporation-condensation process with a relatively high ice-water conversion efficiency. As they fall, the snow crystals grow by colliding with supercooled cloud droplets and by colliding with other ice crystals, and then melt in warm areas. They then merge due to gravity and further form larger raindrops, thereby producing or increasing precipitation earlier and improving precipitation efficiency.

[0029] Flames are scattered, not exploded.

[0030] During operation, a light truck pulling 16 bottles of helium can release about 200 flares, which is the number released at one operation point. When filling the balloon, it is always rainy and the air humidity is high, so it is not easy to generate static electricity. As long as you master the basic knowledge of using helium and follow the operating procedures, you can do it. In addition, the use of flares can avoid the risk of hurting people and property. Flares gradually burn while spreading the flare until they are completely burned out. They are safe and reliable to use, pollution-free, no debris falls, and will not hurt people, animals and buildings on the ground. They are incomparable to artillery shells and rockets (the failure rate of artillery shells and rockets is 3‰).

[0031] The operation method of the balloon carrying silver iodide flare for rain and snow enhancement of the present invention includes the following operation process of the balloon flare: (1) Selection of rain and snow enhancement conditions: Based on numerical forecast products (analysis of different atmospheric vertical characteristics such as temperature field, pressure field, humidity field, wind field, etc.), combined with Doppler radar and ground meteorological elements and cloud energy day, the best time to enhance rain and snow is when there is continuous updraft, so that balloon bombs are broadcast at a temperature of -7 to -19°C.

[0032] (2) Choose good weather conditions. For example, the Jianghuai cyclone, the North China cyclone, the Northeast cold vortex, and the Northeast low pressure are the best weather conditions for using balloon flares to increase rain and snow.

[0033] (3) Select the layered clouds such as Cs fil, Cs nebu, As op, Sc op, Nmbostratus (Ns), and the locally generated clouds such as Cu cong, Cb calv, Cb cap, Fn, etc. to carry out the balloon flare operation to enhance rain and snow, thus broadening the effect and scope of the operation.

[0034] (4) Understand the ground wind speed: When the wind speed at 10m above the ground is less than 7m / s, the balloon flare will be released more effectively; when the wind speed at 10m above the ground exceeds 7m / s, it will affect the rising speed of the balloon flare.

[0035] (5) Arrange the operation points: After analyzing the weather situation and the systematic layered clouds and locally generated clouds, and based on the physical quantities of the main meteorological elements in the upper air and on the ground, arrange 1 to 2 first release points upstream of the operation impact area (with a spacing of about 6 km), and then arrange 2 to 3 second release points horizontally 11 km upstream of the first release point in the operation impact area (with a spacing of about 7 to 9 km). A light truck carrying 16 bottles of helium can release about 200 flares, which is the number released at one operation point.

[0036] (6) Flame bomb self-destruction device: The balloon flare gradually burns while spreading flare in the cloud. After the flare is spread, there is a fire barrier layer of about 5 mm on the top, which is the balloon flare bomb self-destruction device (3g of flare powder, 4g of propellant, and a medicine ball diameter of 6mm). The flare powder and propellant work at the same time to destroy the balloon. Example

[0037] 1. Affected by the northeastern cold vortex, from 23:02 on May 1, 2014 to 0:36 on May 2, the Kazuo County Meteorological Bureau carried out balloon flare rain enhancement operations in Dachengzi Street and Lizhou Street, releasing 236 flares; the average rainfall in the county was 19.7mm, and 39.0mm in Xuezhangzi Village, Shanzui Town, which was the largest in the province during this precipitation process; this precipitation process was relatively favorable for the emergence of field crops that have been planted and for improving the survival rate of afforestation, and the drought was basically lifted. Ground meteorological observations at 0:00 on May 2: air pressure 974.5hPa, temperature 17.6℃, relative humidity 27%, water vapor pressure 5.4hPa, dew point 14.4℃, ENE wind 2.6m / s. The physical quantities at high altitude are: 1000m altitude air pressure 895.8hPa, temperature 10.1℃, dew point -0.9℃, temperature dew point difference 11.0℃, relative humidity 46.4%, NNW wind 13.9m / s; 2000m altitude air pressure 793.5hPa, temperature 4.6℃, dew point 1.4℃, temperature dew point difference 3.2℃, relative humidity 80.2%, SW wind 3.0m / s; 3000m altitude air pressure 701.2hPa, temperature -0.2℃, dew point -1.6℃, temperature dew point difference 1.4℃, relative humidity 89.3%, SSW wind 14.8m / s ; At an altitude of 4000m, the air pressure is 618.4hPa, the temperature is -6.6℃, the dew point is -14℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 7.4℃, the relative humidity is 52.3%, and the SSW wind is 19.5m / s; At an altitude of 5000m, the air pressure is 543.1hPa, the temperature is -13.6℃, ​​the dew point is -18.5℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 4.9℃, the relative humidity is 63.9%, and the SSW wind is 23.3m / s; At an altitude of 6000m, the air pressure is 475.7hPa, the temperature is -20.1℃, the dew point is -20.5℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 0.4℃, the relative humidity is 96.4%, and the SW wind is 23.0m / s.

[0038] 2. Affected by the bottom of the cold vortex, from 22:08 to 23:57 on April 4, 2016, the Kazuo County Meteorological Bureau conducted artificial rainfall in Lizhou Street, releasing balloons carrying 262 silver iodide flares. The average precipitation in the county was 10.8 mm, of which Shuiquan Township had the largest precipitation of 17.5 mm. This precipitation was beneficial to increasing soil moisture, purifying the air, and reducing the forest fire risk index. Ground meteorological observations at 22:00 on April 4: air pressure 983.8 hPa, temperature 5.2℃, relative humidity 67%, water vapor pressure 5.9 hPa, dew point -0.4℃, N wind 1.2 m / s. The physical quantities at high altitude are: 1000m altitude air pressure 901.1hPa, temperature 4.6℃, dew point 3.7℃, temperature dew point difference 0.9℃, relative humidity 93.6%, SSW wind 5.2m / s; 2000m altitude air pressure 796.5hPa, temperature 0.5℃, dew point 0.5℃, temperature dew point difference 0.0℃, relative humidity 99.9%, SW wind 13.4m / s; 3000m altitude air pressure 702.3hPa, temperature -5.5℃, dew point -8.8℃, temperature dew point difference 3.3℃, ​​relative humidity 74.8%, SW wind 19.1m / s; 40 At 1000m, the air pressure is 617.5hPa, the temperature is -12.8℃, the dew point is -17.3℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 4.5℃, the relative humidity is 66.1%, and the SSW wind is 21.8m / s; at 5000m, the air pressure is 540.6hPa, the temperature is -20.5℃, the dew point is -22.4℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 1.9℃, the relative humidity is 83.1%, and the SSW wind is 25.9m / s; at 6000m, the air pressure is 471.6hPa, the temperature is -27.5℃, the dew point is -27.5℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 0.0℃, the relative humidity is 100%, and the SW wind is 26.4m / s.

[0039] 3. Affected by the northward movement of the Jianghuai cyclone and the high-altitude trough, from 5:03 to 6:59 on May 26, 2019, the Kazuo County Meteorological Bureau conducted artificial rainfall in Dachengzi Street and Liuguanyingzi Town, releasing a total of 305 balloons carrying silver iodide flares, with an average precipitation of 64.2 mm in the county; this precipitation completely eliminated the drought, which was very beneficial to the growth of field crops in the seedling stage and the reduction of forest fire risk index. Ground meteorological observations at 05:00 on May 26: air pressure 966.9hPa, temperature 17.3℃, relative humidity 83%, water vapor pressure 16.4hPa, dew point 14.4℃, S wind 3.6m / s. The physical quantities at high altitude are: 1000m altitude air pressure 895.7hPa, temperature 16.0℃, dew point 13.5℃, temperature dew point difference 2.5℃, relative humidity 85.5%, SW wind 4.3m / s; 2000m altitude air pressure 796.0hPa, temperature 11.9℃, dew point 13.4℃, temperature dew point difference 0.5℃, relative humidity 96.6%, SW wind 9.5m / s; 3000m altitude air pressure 705.7hPa, temperature 6.0℃, dew point 0.4℃, temperature dew point difference 5.6℃, relative humidity 67.6%, SW wind 9.1m / s; At an altitude of 4000m, the air pressure is 624.2hPa, the temperature is 0.2℃, the dew point is -7.9℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 8.1℃, the relative humidity is 52.5%, and the SW wind is 9.9m / s; at an altitude of 5000m, the air pressure is 549.9hPa, the temperature is -5.5℃, the dew point is -11.8℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 6.3℃, the relative humidity is 57.5%, and the SW wind is 11.4m / s; at an altitude of 6000m, the air pressure is 483.9hPa, the temperature is -11.3℃, the dew point is -22.8℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 11.5℃, the relative humidity is 38.7%, and the SW wind is 14.5m / s.

[0040] 4. Affected by the high-altitude trough and the ground trough, from 5:09 to 6:10 on April 22, 2021, the Kazuo County Meteorological Bureau carried out artificial rainfall in Dachengzi Street, releasing a total of 96 balloons carrying silver iodide flares. The average precipitation in the county was 19.8 mm, and the maximum precipitation occurred in Nangongyingzi Town at 27.9 mm. This precipitation process relieved the drought and was very beneficial for field sowing. Ground meteorological observations at 05:00 on April 22: air pressure 975.5hPa, temperature 12.9℃, relative humidity 50%, water vapor pressure 7.4hPa, dew point 2.7℃, SSW wind 2.6m / s. High-altitude physical quantities are: 1000m altitude air pressure 901.4hPa, temperature 5.5℃, dew point -1.4℃, temperature dew point difference 6.9℃, relative humidity 60.7%, SSW wind 9.7m / s; 2000m altitude air pressure 797.0hPa, temperature 0.7℃, dew point -0.3℃, temperature dew point difference 1.0℃, relative humidity 92.5%, SSW wind 9.7m / s; 3000m altitude air pressure 703.6hPa, temperature -0.9℃, dew point -1.2℃, temperature dew point difference 0.3℃, relative humidity 97.0%, SW wind 8.2m / s; At an altitude of 4000m, the air pressure is 620.8hPa, the temperature is -4.7℃, the dew point is -5.1℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 0.4℃, the relative humidity is 97.0%, and the WSW wind is 9.9m / s; at an altitude of 5000m, the air pressure is 545.8hPa, the temperature is -10.1℃, the dew point is -10.4℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 0.3℃, the relative humidity is 97.8%, and the WSW wind is 11.5m / s; at an altitude of 6000m, the air pressure is 479.3hPa, the temperature is -15.2℃, the dew point is -17.7℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 2.5℃, the relative humidity is 79.2%, and the SW wind is 14.2m / s.

[0041] 5. Affected by the cold vortex in the northeast and the low-altitude shear line, from 16:50 to 18:10 on April 27, 2023, the Meteorological Bureau of Kazuo County carried out artificial rainfall in Dachengzi Street and Lizhou Street, releasing a total of 215 balloons carrying silver iodide flares; the average precipitation in the county was 49.5 mm, and the maximum precipitation occurred in Laoye Temple Town at 63.1 mm; this precipitation is very beneficial for the sowing of field crops and reducing the forest fire risk index. Ground meteorological observations at 17:00 on April 27: air pressure 968.6hPa, temperature 16.6℃, relative humidity 61%, water vapor pressure 11.5hPa, dew point 9.1℃, SW wind 7.0m / s. The physical quantities at high altitude are: 1000m altitude air pressure 896.4hPa, temperature 12.2℃, dew point 8.4℃, temperature dew point difference 3.8℃, relative humidity 77.9%, SW wind 11.6m / s; 2000m altitude air pressure 794.9hPa, temperature 6.3℃, dew point -2.7℃, temperature dew point difference 9.0℃, relative humidity 52.7%, W wind 10.2m / s; 3000m altitude air pressure 702.3hPa, temperature -1.4℃, dew point -5.8℃, temperature dew point difference 4.4℃, relative humidity 69.4%, W wind 10.3m / s; 40 At 1000m, the air pressure is 619.1hPa, the temperature is -6.9℃, the dew point is -7.8℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 0.9℃, the relative humidity is 92.5%, and the WSW wind is 19.3m / s; at 5000m, the air pressure is 543.9hPa, the temperature is -12.1℃, the dew point is -14.4℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 2.3℃, the relative humidity is 81.1%, and the WSW wind is 29.1m / s; at 6000m, the air pressure is 476.7hPa, the temperature is -19.4℃, the dew point is -20.3℃, the temperature-dew point difference is 0.9℃, the relative humidity is 91.9%, and the WSW wind is 29.9m / s.

[0042] Practice has proved that balloon flares are easy to use, safe to operate (using helium), highly maneuverable, not restricted by airspace, and low in cost, and have a very broad market prospect. Artificial rainfall enhancement is a science and technology that is in urgent need and very difficult to achieve, and it is also a comprehensive meteorological service technology that is highly recognized by local governments and farmers. As one of the supplementary means of increasing rain and snow with cold clouds in the north, the new technology of balloon flares will surely promote the healthy development of artificial weather modification at the grassroots level in my country if it is vigorously promoted. The innovation of its operation technology and inspection methods has guiding significance for the general artificial weather modification work of the meteorological department.

Claims

1. A balloon-carrying silver iodide flame enhancement device for rain and snow, characterized in that: The device comprises a flare device, an electric ignition device and a balloon flare self-destruction device; the flare is a cylindrical paper shell (2), 20 cm long and 1.8 cm in diameter, containing 3 g of silver iodide (4) and 70-80 g of a combustion aid (3), wherein the composition is 49.8% potassium perchlorate (oxidant), 12.5% ​​copper oxide (reducing agent), 15.7% strontium carbonate (reducing agent), 11.9% aluminum-magnesium alloy (combustible agent) and 10.1% shellac (adhesive); the upper end of the flare is connected to a balloon suspension rope (1); the lower end of the flare is provided with a time-delay detonator soaked in liquid medicine (resin glue, nitro varnish) and a flame-reducing agent (2) which is used to ignite the flare. The signal (6) is moisture-proof and waterproof; the end of the delay fuse (6) is equipped with an electric ignition device (7), which is ignited by a dry battery; the other end of the delay fuse (6) is inserted into the place where the flare bomb receives the gunpowder (5); after the flare powder is spread, there is a fireproof layer of about 5mm on the top, which is the balloon flare bomb self-destruction device (8) filled with 3g of bright bead powder and 4g of propellant. The diameter of the medicine ball is 6mm, and the proportion is: potassium perchlorate (oxidant) 45%, sponge titanium powder (metal combustible agent) 30%, 101 alloy powder (metal combustible agent) 10%, shellac (binder) 5%, phenolic resin (binder) 10%; the total weight is 92-95g.

2. A balloon-carried silver iodide flame enhancement device for rain and snow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flare bomb burns and spreads the silver iodide pyrotechnic agent in the cloud for an average of 134 seconds, and the pyrotechnic agent burns at a temperature of 1500°C.

3. The balloon-carried silver iodide flame enhancement device for rain and snow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balloon carries a silver iodide flame agent catalyst with a formula of AgI:6%. Under a temperature of -10°C, the ice nucleus generation rate of the formula is 6.3×10 13 Pieces / g.

4. The balloon-carried silver iodide flame enhancement device for rain and snow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time-delay fuse treated with chemicals, resin glue and nitro lacquer burns an average of 1 cm per minute and is not afraid of rain spray; the No. 22 balloon rises 280 meters per minute.

5. The balloon-carried silver iodide flame enhancement device for rain and snow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time-delay fuze (6) has a long fuze length of 21 cm and a short fuze length of 14 cm. Under an air temperature of -20°C, the freezing duration is 45 hours, and the average burning time of the long and short fuzes is 681.14 seconds.

6. A method for increasing rain and snow by using a balloon carrying silver iodide blaze, characterized in that: The method includes the operation process and self-destruction process of the balloon bomb: (1) Selecting rain and snow enhancement conditions: Based on numerical forecast products, we analyze the vertical characteristics of the different temperature fields, pressure fields, humidity fields, and wind fields. Combined with Doppler radar and ground meteorological elements and cloud energy day comprehensive integration, we determine that continuous updrafts are the best time to enhance rain and snow, and the balloon bombs are spread at a temperature of -7 to -19°C. (2) Select weather conditions, such as the Jianghuai cyclone, the North China cyclone, the Northeast cold vortex, and the Northeast low pressure, which are the best weather conditions for balloon bombs to increase rain and snow; (3) Select Cirrostratus veilus (Cs fil), Cirrostratus veilus (Cs nebu), As op, Sc op, Nimbostratus (Ns), and locally generated clouds such as Cu cong, Cumulonimbus bald (Cb calv), Cumulonimbus cape (Cbcap), and Fn to carry out balloon flare operations to enhance rain and snow, thus expanding the effect and scope of the operation; (4) Understand the ground wind speed: When the wind speed at 10m above the ground is less than 7m / s, the balloon flare will be launched effectively; when the wind speed at 10m above the ground exceeds 7m / s, it will affect the rising speed of the balloon flare; (5) Arrange the operation points: After analyzing the weather situation and the systematic layered clouds and locally generated clouds, and according to the physical quantities of the main meteorological elements in the upper air and on the ground, arrange 1 to 2 first release points upstream of the operation impact area, with a spacing of 6 km. Then, arrange 2 to 3 second release points horizontally 11 km upstream of the first release point in the operation impact area, with a spacing of 7 to 9 km. A light truck carrying 16 bottles of helium can release 200 flares, which is the number of releases at one operation point. (6) Flame bomb self-destruction device: The balloon flare gradually burns while spreading flare in the cloud. After the flare is spread, there is a fire barrier layer of about 5 mm on the top, which is the balloon flare bomb self-destruction device. The flare powder is 3g, the propellant is 4g, and the diameter of the medicine ball is 6mm. The flare powder and the propellant work at the same time to destroy the balloon.

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