Picrasma quassioides cutting medium, cutting seedbed and cutting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetative propagation of picrasma quassioides, in particular to a picrasma quassioides cutting medium, a cutting seedbed and a cutting method. The cuttage medium comprises loam, nano-silica aerogel particles and diatomite coated with humic acid, and the volume ratio of the loam to the nano-silica aerogel particles to the diatomite coated with the humic acid is (60-90): (5-20): (5-20). According to the method, efficient breeding with high rooting rate, short culture period and low cost of picrasma quassioides can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of asexual propagation of quassia, and in particular to a quassia cutting medium, a cutting seedling bed and a cutting method. Background Art

[0002] Picrasma quassioides, commonly known as bear bile tree, yellow horror tree, bitter bark tree, bitter sandalwood, bitter tree, etc., is a deciduous or evergreen tree or shrub of the genus Picrasma in the family Simaroubaceae. The whole plant of Picrasma can be used as medicine. Its stems, branches, leaves, and roots contain more than a dozen alkaloids, bitter substances and flavonoids such as quasin, isoquasin, quasin, and quassone. It has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects, and has significant therapeutic effects on infections, traumatic infections, and abscesses of the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems. Veterinarians use the bark of Picrasma to treat cattle cough, gastritis, large and small intestine fever, anthrax, etc., and the folks also use Picrasma as a local pesticide to kill vegetable and garden pests. In addition, Picrasma can be used as a greening plant for rocky mountains, so it has extremely high scientific research, ecological, and medicinal value.

[0003] With the development of modern medical technology, the demand for clinical drugs is increasing. However, under natural conditions, the growth rate of bitter wood is slow and the yield is very low. At present, bitter wood is mainly wild and rarely cultivated. Stimulated by economic interests, forest farmers cut down wild resources in large quantities and even dig them up by the roots. The bitter wood resources are almost destroyed. There are few seedlings for natural regeneration, and its genetic quality is seriously depleted. Wild resources alone can no longer meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets. In order to ensure the sustainable use of bitter wood resources, it is an inevitable trend to select excellent seed sources or even asexual lines for artificial cultivation.

[0004] There are two main ways to breed traditional bitterwood seedlings: one is sexual reproduction (seed propagation), but bitterwood is a heterosexual dioecious plant, some have unisexual flowers and no fruit, some have bisexual flowers and few fruits, seeds have a dormant period, and germination is difficult, so sexual reproduction is difficult to meet the needs of production applications. The other is asexual reproduction, but among the existing asexual reproduction techniques, the division propagation technique has a slow propagation speed, a limited number of roots, and a difficult survival rate; the tissue culture technique has problems such as easy withering and browning of the bud tip, a long seedling raising cycle, high equipment requirements, and high costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a bitterwood rapid propagation method with a short seedling raising cycle, high proliferation coefficient and rooting rate, and good seedling quality, which is of great significance to provide technical support for the large-scale production of bitterwood seedlings and artificial planting and utilization. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a cutting medium, a cutting seedling bed and a cutting method for serrata. The present invention can realize efficient breeding of serrata with high rooting rate, short culture cycle and low cost.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a Quassia cutting matrix, which comprises loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid, wherein the volume ratio of the loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid is (60-90):(5-20):(5-20).

[0008] Preferably, the humic acid content in the humic acid-coated diatomaceous earth is ≥50 g / kg.

[0009] Preferably, the volume ratio of the nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles to the humic acid-coated diatomaceous earth is 1:1.

[0010] Preferably, the pH of the cutting medium is 5.8-6.2.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the cutting matrix, the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles and humic acid-coated diatomaceous earth is any one of 90:5:5, 80:10:10, 70:15:15, 60:20:20 or a value between two of them.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a bitter wood cutting seedling bed, which adopts a three-layer composite structure. According to the composite structure, the matrix is ​​distributed in three layers, including a matrix lower layer, a matrix middle layer and a matrix upper layer. The matrix upper layer includes the above-mentioned bitter wood cutting matrix.

[0013] Preferably, the substrate lower layer is a mixed layer of volcanic rock and rice husk charcoal.

[0014] Preferably, the volume ratio of the volcanic rock to the rice husk charcoal is 1:1.

[0015] Preferably, a bamboo fiber grid is laid in the middle layer of the matrix.

[0016] Preferably, the pore size of the bamboo fiber mesh is 2×2 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the height ratio of the matrix lower layer, the matrix middle layer and the matrix upper layer is 1:2:2.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for cuttings of Quassia sutchuenensis, comprising the following steps: collecting cuttings, processing cuttings, and cutting Quassia sutchuenensis, wherein the cuttings of Quassia sutchuenensis use the above-mentioned cutting medium or the above-mentioned cutting nursery bed.

[0019] Preferably, the collected cuttings are selected from one-year-old branches that are strong, free of pests and diseases.

[0020] More preferably, the cuttings have a length of 10-15 cm, a 45° bevel at the bottom, and a flat top.

[0021] Preferably, the cutting treatment process is: soaking the bottom of the cutting in rooting liquid and applying a wound healing agent on the top.

[0022] More preferably, the rooting solution is indole-naphthyl acetic acid.

[0023] More preferably, the wound healing agent is Guoguang Hutu.

[0024] Preferably, the cutting medium is soaked with water on the day of or the day before the cutting of the bitter wood.

[0025] Preferably, the cutting depth of the bitterwood cuttings is 5 to 8 cm.

[0026] Preferably, the method for grafting the bitterwood also includes spraying a fungicide after grafting the bitterwood.

[0027] Preferably, the fungicide is meconium-methyl.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] Due to its insufficient endogenous hormone level, high degree of lignification and poor physiological state of cuttings, if the conventional cutting method is used for breeding, the rooting rate and callus formation rate after cutting will be low, affecting the survival rate after rooting. After research, the inventors of this application creatively found that the use of loam, nano-silica aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid for cutting breeding can achieve the effect of high rooting rate and high callus formation rate of bitter wood. Among them, the nano-silica aerogel particles in the matrix can form a photothermal conversion layer, increase the ground temperature by 1.5-2°C, so as to achieve a suitable breeding temperature to promote the rooting of bitter wood cuttings. At the same time, the diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid is added to the loam to form a pH buffer-trace element slow-release dual-function carrier, so that the matrix pH is stabilized in the range of 5.8-6.2, which is the optimal range of bitter wood. The three components work together to improve the rooting effect of bitter wood, and the overall cultivation cycle is short and the cost is low.

[0030] The bitterwood cutting seedling bed provided by the present application is a three-layer composite structure. According to the composite structure, the matrix is ​​distributed in three layers. The lower layer of the matrix is ​​a mixed layer of volcanic rock and rice husk charcoal, which realizes the dual functions of drainage and waterlogging prevention and slow release of mineral elements; the middle layer of the matrix is ​​paved with bamboo fiber grids to construct a root directional guidance channel, which is more conducive to the induction and growth of adventitious roots of cuttings; the upper layer of the matrix is ​​the bitterwood cutting matrix, which maintains the temperature, pH and other environments required for the breeding of bitterwood, and provides a favorable environment for improving the rooting rate and survival rate of bitterwood. The three-layer structure complements each other and jointly promotes the rooting of bitterwood.

[0031] The invention realizes efficient breeding of bitterwood with high rooting rate, short culture cycle and low cost through a series of methods such as selection of dead wood cuttings, pre-cutting treatment, cutting seedling bed treatment, cutting time selection and post-cutting management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the matrix distribution in the seedbed of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0034] The diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid in the embodiment of the present invention was purchased from Langmiao Environmental Protection Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., wherein the humic acid content was ≥50 g / kg; the nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles were purchased from Lingshou County Chengyu Mineral Products Processing Plant.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The cutting seedbed and cutting method provided in this embodiment are as follows:

[0037] 1. Facility preparation: Plastic greenhouse, which can keep warm and moist, and the two sides can be rolled up for ventilation.

[0038] 2. Seedbed preparation: The width of the seedbed is 1.2m-1.5m, the height is 20cm-25cm, and the ditch width is 20cm-30cm. The seedbed adopts a three-layer composite structure. The lower layer of the matrix (5cm) is a mixed layer of volcanic rock and rice husk charcoal (volume ratio is 1:1), which realizes the dual functions of drainage and waterlogging prevention and slow release of mineral elements; the middle layer of the matrix (10cm) is paved with bamboo fiber grids (aperture 2×2cm) to construct a root directional guidance channel, which is more conducive to the induction and growth of adventitious roots of cuttings; nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid are added to the loam in the upper layer of the matrix (10cm) (the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid is 90:5:5), among which the nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles can form a photothermal conversion layer in the upper layer of the matrix, raising the ground temperature by 1.5-2℃ (ground temperature is one of the important factors affecting the rooting of bitter wood cuttings), and the diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid can form a dual-function carrier of pH buffer-trace element slow release, so that the pH of the matrix is ​​stabilized in the range of 5.8-6.2 (the optimal range of bitter wood). See the schematic diagram of the matrix distribution of the seedbed. Figure 1 .

[0039] 3. Cuttings collection: On October 20, 2023, the cuttings were collected at the Kusamum base in Xiangyang, Hubei Province. One-year-old branches that were strong, free of pests and diseases were selected. The cuttings were 10-15 cm long, with a 45° bevel at the bottom and a flat top. 50 branches were bundled into a bundle.

[0040] 4. Treatment of cuttings: Soak the bottom oblique part in rooting solution for 5 minutes, and apply wound healing agent to the top flat part. The rooting solution is 50 times the concentration of 5% indole-naphthaleneacetic acid, and the wound healing agent is Guoguang paste.

[0041] 5. Cuttings of bitter wood: Water the cutting bed thoroughly on the day of cutting or the day before, cover the seedbed with a black film, and plant the soaked cuttings at a spacing of 5 cm*5 cm. The cutting depth is 5-8 cm, and the top buds are exposed outside the seedbed.

[0042] 6. Management after cutting: After cutting is completed, spray the fungicide, which is 1000 times diluted 30% S-A and Methacin. After spraying, build a small arch shed for the seedbed to keep warm and moist.

[0043] The method of this embodiment was used to propagate the cuttings of Quercus wood, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was over 80%, the callus formation rate was over 85%, and the survival rate after rooting was over 90%, as shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings in Example 1

[0045] Serial number Sample size / ㎡ Total number of cuttings / plant Number of roots / plant Number of callus formation / plant Rooting rate / % Callus formation rate / % 1 1*1 399 320 347 80.20％ 86.97％ 2 1*1 398 323 359 81.16％ 90.20％ 3 1*1 402 333 343 82.84％ 85.32％ average 399.67 325.33 349.67 81.40％ 87.50％

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The same as Example 1, except that: in the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid in the upper layer of the substrate is 80:10:10.

[0048] The method described in this example was used to propagate the cuttings of Quercus woody plant, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was over 80%, the callus formation rate was over 85%, and the survival rate after rooting was over 90%, as shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 2. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings in Example 2

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Example 3

[0053] The same as Example 1, except that: in the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid in the upper layer of the substrate is 70:15:15.

[0054] The method described in this example was used to propagate the cuttings of Quercus woody plant, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was over 75%, the callus formation rate was over 80%, and the survival rate after rooting was over 90%, as shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings in Example 3

[0056] Serial number Sample size / ㎡ Total number of cuttings / plant Number of roots / plant Number of callus formation / plant Rooting rate / % Callus formation rate / % 1 1*1 402 315 333 78.36％ 82.84％ 2 1*1 393 321 332 81.68％ 84.48％ 3 1*1 397 299 306 75.31％ 77.08％ average 397.33 311.67 323.67 78.45％ 81.46％

[0057] Example 4

[0058] The same as Example 1, except that: in the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid in the upper layer of the substrate is 60:20:20.

[0059] During the cutting collection process in step 3, the collection time is May 3, 2024.

[0060] The method described in this example was used to propagate the cuttings of Quercus woody plant, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was 77.68%, the callus formation rate was over 80%, and the survival rate after rooting was over 90%. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0061] Table 4. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings of Example 4

[0062] Serial number Sample size / ㎡ Total number of cuttings / plant Number of roots / plant Number of callus formation / plant Rooting rate / % Callus formation rate / % 1 1*1 401 320 333 79.80％ 83.04％ 2 1*1 394 315 326 79.95％ 82.74％ 3 1*1 397 291 308 73.30％ 77.58％ average 397.33 308.67 322.33 77.68％ 81.12％

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] The same as Example 1, except that: in the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid in the upper layer of the substrate is 100:0:0.

[0065] By using the method described in this comparative example to propagate the cuttings of Bursonia indica, the rooting rate of the cuttings decreased to 53.87%, and the callus formation rate decreased to 55.64%. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0066] Table 5. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings in comparative example 1

[0067] Serial number Sample size / ㎡ Total number of cuttings / plant Number of roots / plant Number of callus formation / plant Rooting rate / % Callus formation rate / % 1 1*1 402 209 213 51.99％ 52.99％ 2 1*1 393 211 223 53.69％ 56.74％ 3 1*1 397 222 227 55.92％ 57.18％ average 397.33 214 221 53.87％ 55.64％

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] Same as Example 1, except that:

[0070] During the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid in the upper layer of the substrate is 50:25:25.

[0071] During the cutting collection process in step 3, the collection time is October 28, 2023.

[0072] The cuttings of Quercus ovata were propagated by the method described in this comparative example, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was 48.10%, and the callus formation rate was 49.35%. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0073] Table 6. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings in comparative example 2

[0074] Serial number Sample size / ㎡ Total number of cuttings / plant Number of roots / plant Number of callus formation / plant Rooting rate / % Callus formation rate / % 1 1*1 403 201 211 49.88％ 52.36％ 2 1*1 395 188 191 47.59％ 48.35％ 3 1*1 395 185 187 46.84％ 47.34％ average 397.67 191.33 196.33 48.10％ 49.35％

[0075] Comparative Example 3

[0076] The same as Example 1, except that: in the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the volume ratio of loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid in the upper layer of the substrate is 40:30:30.

[0077] The cuttings of Quercus oxyphylla were propagated by the method described in this comparative example, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was 44.18%, and the callus formation rate was 45.93%. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0078] Table 7. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings in comparative example 3

[0079] Serial number Sample size / ㎡ Total number of cuttings / plant Number of roots / plant Number of callus formation / plant Rooting rate / % Callus formation rate / % 1 1*1 402 185 191 46.02％ 47.51％ 2 1*1 396 178 181 44.95％ 45.71％ 3 1*1 397 165 177 41.56％ 44.58％ average 398.33 176.00 183.00 44.18％ 45.93％

[0080] Comparative Example 4

[0081] The same as Example 1, except that: in the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the upper layer of the substrate contains only loam and nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles, with a volume ratio of 90:10.

[0082] The cuttings of Quassima were propagated by the method described in this comparative example, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was 62.66%, and the callus formation rate was 64.42%, and the results are shown in Table 8. It can be seen from Table 8 that if there are only loam and aerogel particles in the upper matrix without diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid, the rooting rate of Quassima cuttings is reduced by nearly 20% compared with Example 1.

[0083] Table 8. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings of comparative example 4

[0084] Serial number Sample size / ㎡ Total number of cuttings / plant Number of roots / plant Number of callus formation / plant Rooting rate / % Callus formation rate / % 1 1*1 401 245 251 61.10％ 62.59％ 2 1*1 397 238 241 59.95％ 60.71％ 3 1*1 396 265 277 66.92％ 69.95％ average 398.00 249.33 256.33 62.66％ 64.42％

[0085] Comparative Example 5

[0086] The same as Example 1, except that: in the seedbed preparation process of step 2, the upper layer of the substrate contains only loam and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid, and the volume ratio is 90:10.

[0087] The cuttings of Quassima were propagated by the method described in this comparative example, and the rooting rate of the cuttings was 64.32%, and the callus formation rate was 66.91%. The results are shown in Table 9. It can be seen from Table 9 that if the upper substrate contains only loam and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid, without aerogel particles, the rooting rate of Quassima cuttings is reduced by nearly 20% compared with Example 1.

[0088] Table 9. Rooting effect of bitterwood cuttings in comparative example 5

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Combining the above embodiments and comparative data, it can be found that in the bitter wood cutting matrix of the present invention, when the volume ratio of loam, nano-silica aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid is in the range of (60-90):(5-20):(5-20), a higher cutting rooting rate, callus formation rate and survival rate after rooting can be achieved, among which the best effect is achieved when the volume ratio of loam, nano-silica aerogel particles, and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid is 90:5:5.

[0092] Compared with the environment of comparative example 1 in which there is only loam in the matrix, the present invention adds nano-silica aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid to the loam. The nano-silica aerogel particles can form a photothermal conversion layer on the upper layer of the matrix to increase the ground temperature, and the diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid can form a dual-functional carrier of pH buffering and trace element sustained release, so that the pH of the matrix is ​​stabilized in the range of 5.8-6.2, so as to achieve the optimal rooting environment of the bitter wood, thereby improving the rooting rate of the cuttings, the callus formation rate and the survival rate after rooting.

[0093] However, the content of nano-silica aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid is not the more the better. As shown in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, when the content of nano-silica aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid exceeds the range specified in the present invention, excessive addition of diatomaceous earth will cause the matrix to be too loose, the porosity is too high, and the base of the cuttings is difficult to be in close contact with the matrix, resulting in uneven water absorption, and excessive oxygen may inhibit root cell division (anoxic environment is more conducive to callus formation); and humic acid is usually acidic, and excessive amount may significantly reduce the pH of the matrix, exceeding the tolerance range of the cuttings, and the acidic environment may inhibit the activity of cell wall softening enzymes, hindering root development, and at the same time, humic acid releases soluble organic acids and salts after decomposition, and mineral ions (such as silicates) in diatomaceous earth may also dissolve, and high osmotic pressure will hinder the cuttings from absorbing water, leading to cell dehydration and delaying callus formation. The rooting rate and callus formation rate of the cuttings of the bitter wood are greatly reduced.

[0094] From the comparison between the present invention and Examples 1, 4 and 5, it can be seen that in the Quassia cutting matrix of the present invention, loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid act synergistically and promote each other to jointly achieve the rooting effect of Quassia. If one or two of the components are missing, the rooting conditions of Quassia will be affected, resulting in a decrease in the rooting rate.

[0095] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Quassam cutting medium, characterized in that: The cutting matrix comprises loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid, and the volume ratio of the loam, nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles and diatomaceous earth coated with humic acid is (60-90):(5-20):(5-20).

2. The Quassia cutting matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The humic acid content in the humic acid-coated diatomaceous earth is ≥50 g / kg.

3. The Quassia cutting matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The pH of the cutting medium is 5.8-6.

2.

4. The Quassam cutting medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the nano-silicon dioxide aerogel particles to the humic acid-coated diatomaceous earth is 1:

1.

5. A bitterwood cutting seedling bed, characterized in that: The seedbed adopts a three-layer composite structure, and the matrix of the composite structure is distributed in three layers, including a matrix lower layer, a matrix middle layer and a matrix upper layer. The matrix upper layer includes the bitterwood cutting matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The bitterwood cutting seedling bed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower layer of the matrix is ​​a mixed layer of volcanic rock and rice husk charcoal.

7. The bitterwood cutting seedling bed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The middle layer of the matrix is ​​paved with a bamboo fiber grid.

8. The bitterwood cutting seedling bed according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The height ratio of the substrate lower layer, the substrate middle layer and the substrate upper layer is 1:2:

2.

9. A method for cutting of bitterwood, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collecting cuttings, processing cuttings, and implanting bitter wood cuttings, wherein the implanting bitter wood cutting process uses the implantation medium described in any one of claims 1 to 4 or the implantation seedling bed described in any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. The method for cutting of bitterwood according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for cutting the bitterwood also includes spraying a fungicide after cutting the bitterwood.

Images