A variable-volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, belonging to the field of chemical reactors. The multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume includes a shell, a gas distribution assembly and a driving assembly. A gas phase outlet is arranged at the top of the shell, a solid phase inlet and a solid phase outlet are arranged on the side wall, and an opening is arranged at the bottom. At least part of the gas distribution assembly extends into the shell along the longitudinal direction through the opening in a movable manner. The driving assembly is adapted to drive the gas distribution assembly to move longitudinally relative to the shell so as to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of chemical reactors, and particularly to a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient multiphase reaction device, fluidized bed reactors are widely used in many industrial fields such as chemical engineering, petroleum, energy, and environmental protection. Its core principle is to use a fluid to suspend solid particles to form a state similar to a fluid, so as to achieve full contact and efficient mass and heat transfer between gas-solid or liquid-solid two phases. Traditional fluidized bed reactors have two main technical limitations: First, the fixed volume design limits the adjustment range of operating parameters, and it is difficult to flexibly adjust the gas-solid ratio and solid residence time according to reaction requirements; Second, the characteristics of complete mixing flow lead to serious backmixing of materials, affecting product purity and reaction selectivity. These limitations make a single reactor often only suitable for specific reaction conditions and lack versatility.

[0003] In the prior art, although the multi-chamber fluidized bed structure has improved the problem of material backmixing to a certain extent, the volume of the reactor is fixed, and it is impossible to adjust the solid phase residence time and gas-solid ratio over a large range. Therefore, once the reactor volume is determined, only a specific reaction can be carried out, and it is difficult to achieve multi-functional applications. If small batches of fine chemicals are produced, it may be necessary to design multiple reactors with different specifications according to the product, resulting in high equipment investment costs and low equipment utilization rates.

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume to solve the above problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, which can achieve a large range of adjustment of the solid phase residence time and gas-solid ratio, enable a single reactor to be applied to multiple reactions, and can also suppress backmixing through a multi-chamber structure to achieve a narrow distribution of product composition, improve product purity, and improve reaction selectivity and product yield through precise control of the solid phase residence time and gas-solid ratio.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, including a housing, a gas distribution assembly, and a driving assembly. A gas phase outlet is provided at the top of the housing, a solid phase inlet and a solid phase outlet are provided on the side wall, and an opening is provided at the bottom; at least part of the gas distribution assembly extends longitudinally and movably into the housing through the opening; the driving assembly is adapted to drive the gas distribution assembly to move longitudinally relative to the housing to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the housing.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a perforated plate and at least one spacer unit; the perforated plate is horizontally arranged in the above-mentioned housing, and together with the side wall of the housing and the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly, it encloses a reaction chamber; at least one spacer unit is arranged between the above-mentioned perforated plate and the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly to partition the above-mentioned reaction chamber into at least two reaction cavities that communicate with each other in the width direction of the housing, and is configured to change its height as the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly moves; wherein, the above-mentioned gas phase outlet is located above the above-mentioned perforated plate, and the above-mentioned solid phase inlet and solid phase outlet are arranged on both sides in the width direction of the housing and are respectively communicated with the above-mentioned reaction cavities.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned spacer unit includes at least two levels of nested partition plates and at least one support column; the above-mentioned nested partition plates are connected by a guiding mechanism; at least one support column is connected between the outer partition plate and the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly or the above-mentioned perforated plate to form a material through-hole that communicates with the above-mentioned reaction cavities on both sides.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material through-holes of multiple above-mentioned spacer units are alternately arranged on the sides of the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly and the above-mentioned perforated plate in the width direction of the housing to form a continuous reciprocating material flow path.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly includes a distribution plate and multiple distribution units; the distribution plate is longitudinally movably arranged in the above-mentioned housing; the multiple distribution units are arranged along the width direction of the housing, with the lower part located below the above-mentioned distribution plate and the upper part passing through the above-mentioned distribution plate and being respectively communicated with multiple above-mentioned reaction cavities, and are suitable for conveying reaction gas to the above-mentioned reaction cavities.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned distribution unit includes a gas distribution element and multiple gas distribution elements; the gas distribution element is arranged below the above-mentioned distribution plate, with an air inlet arranged on the side wall and a valve arranged at the bottom; the multiple gas distribution elements are evenly arranged above the above-mentioned distribution plate and are communicated with the above-mentioned gas distribution element, and the multiple above-mentioned gas distribution elements are provided with multiple air outlets.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly further includes a sealing ring seat and a sealing ring; the sealing ring seat is arranged on the lower side of the above-mentioned distribution plate and encloses an annular sealing space with the side wall of the housing; the sealing ring is arranged in the above-mentioned sealing space, and the cross-sectional diameter of the sealing ring is greater than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the cross-section of the sealing space to seal the above-mentioned inner cavity.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned driving assembly includes a base, a plurality of lifting execution units, a driving unit, and a synchronous transmission mechanism; the base is arranged below the above-mentioned housing; the plurality of lifting execution units are vertically installed on the above-mentioned base, and the upper ends are connected to the above-mentioned gas distribution assembly; the driving unit is arranged on the above-mentioned base; and the synchronous transmission mechanism is connected between the output end of the above-mentioned driving unit and the plurality of lifting execution units, and is adapted to evenly distribute the torque output by the above-mentioned driving unit to the plurality of lifting execution units, so that the plurality of above-mentioned lifting execution units lift and lower synchronously.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes, which are respectively arranged in the plurality of above-mentioned reaction chambers, and the plurality of above-mentioned heat exchange tubes are configured to extend longitudinally.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a pressure monitoring assembly, which includes a first differential pressure transmitter and a second differential pressure transmitter; at least three pressure measuring ports are respectively arranged on the side walls of the above-mentioned housing on one side of each of the above-mentioned reaction chambers at longitudinal intervals; the positive pressure side of the above-mentioned first differential pressure transmitter is connected to the uppermost pressure measuring port through a pressure guiding pipe, the negative pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter is connected to the lowermost pressure measuring port through a pressure guiding pipe, and each of the intermediate pressure measuring ports is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the negative pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter, the negative pressure side and the positive pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter, and a valve is arranged on each pressure guiding pipe.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, through the coordinated cooperation of the liftable gas distribution assembly and the driving assembly, the continuous adjustment of the reactor volume is realized, and the solid-phase residence time and the gas-solid ratio can be flexibly adjusted according to different reaction process requirements, significantly improving the process adaptability and operation flexibility of a single device. It solves the technical problems of limited parameter adjustment range and single function of traditional fixed-volume fluidized bed reactors, and provides an efficient and flexible reaction equipment solution for chemical production. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 Schematically shows a structural diagram of a variable-volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 Schematically shows a side view of a spacer assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 Schematically shows a cross-sectional view of the connection of mutually nested partition plates according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 Schematically shows a structural diagram inside the housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 Schematically shows a structural diagram of a gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 Schematically shows a cross-sectional view of the edge of the gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 Schematically shows a structural schematic diagram of the sealing groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 Schematically shows a top view of the drive assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 Schematically shows a pipeline diagram of the pressure monitoring assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 Schematically shows a connection schematic diagram of a volume-variable multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the said drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are specifically as follows:

[0028] 1, housing;

[0029] 11, gas phase outlet;

[0030] 12, solid phase inlet;

[0031] 13, solid phase outlet;

[0032] 14, reaction chamber;

[0033] 15, pressure measurement port;

[0034] 16, upper limit ring;

[0035] 17, lower limit ring;

[0036] 18, sealing groove;

[0037] 2, gas distribution assembly;

[0038] 21, distribution plate;

[0039] 211, sealing strip;

[0040] 22, distribution unit;

[0041] 221, gas distribution element;

[0042] 2211, air inlet;

[0043] 2212, valve;

[0044] 222, gas distribution element;

[0045] 2221, air outlet;

[0046] 223. Tubular distribution element;

[0047] 2231. Tubular air outlet;

[0048] 23. Sealing ring seat;

[0049] 231. First sealing ring;

[0050] 232. Second sealing ring;

[0051] 24. Sealing ring;

[0052] 3. Driving assembly;

[0053] 31. Base;

[0054] 32. Lifting execution unit;

[0055] 33. Driving unit;

[0056] 34. Synchronous transmission mechanism;

[0057] 341. Reducer;

[0058] 342. First commutator;

[0059] 343. Second commutator;

[0060] 4. Perforated plate;

[0061] 5. Spacing unit;

[0062] 51. Partition board;

[0063] 511. First partition board;

[0064] 512. Second partition board;

[0065] 513. Third partition board;

[0066] 514. Slide block;

[0067] 515. Guide groove;

[0068] 52. Support column;

[0069] 53. Material through hole;

[0070] 6. Heat exchange tube;

[0071] 7. Pressure monitoring assembly;

[0072] 71. First differential pressure transmitter;

[0073] 72. Second differential pressure transmitter;

[0074] 8. Spacing board;

[0075] 9. Thermal insulation unit;

[0076] 200. Solid preheater;

[0077] 300. Gas-solid separator. Detailed implementation manners

[0078] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following detailed description, for the sake of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, obviously, one or more embodiments can also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of the present invention.

[0079] The terms used herein are merely for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The terms "including", "comprising", etc. used herein indicate the presence of the described features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0080] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0081] In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", generally, it should be interpreted according to the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having only A, only B, only C, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C).

[0082] Those skilled in the art can understand that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the volume-variable multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0084] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, which includes a housing 1, a gas distribution assembly 2 and a driving assembly 3; a gas phase outlet 11 is provided at the top of the housing 1, a solid phase inlet 12 and a solid phase outlet 13 are provided on the side wall, and an opening is provided at the bottom; at least a part of the gas distribution assembly 2 extends into the housing 1 longitudinally and movably through the opening; and the output end of the driving assembly 3 is in transmission connection with the gas distribution assembly 2, and is suitable for driving the gas distribution assembly 2 to move longitudinally relative to the housing 1 to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the housing 1.

[0085] According to the above setting method, through the coordinated cooperation of the longitudinally movable gas distribution assembly 2 and the driving assembly 3, the continuous adjustment of the inner cavity of the housing 1 (i.e., the reactor volume) is realized, and the reaction space and operation parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to different reaction process requirements; this design breaks through the limitations of traditional fixed-volume fluidized beds, significantly improves the process adaptability and operation flexibility of the equipment, and provides a more flexible and efficient reaction equipment solution for chemical production.

[0086] Among them, the gas phase outlet 11 provided at the top of the housing 1, the solid phase inlet 12, the solid phase outlet 13 provided on the side wall, and the gas distribution assembly 2 located at the bottom together constitute a complete material inlet and outlet channel. Specifically, the gas phase outlet 11 at the top of the housing 1 is used for the efficient collection and discharge of reaction products, and the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 provided on the side wall are respectively used for the continuous feeding and discharging of solid materials.

[0087] In a schematic embodiment, the housing 1 is configured as a hollow double-layer structure to play a heat preservation role. At the same time, the housing 1 is also provided with pressure balance holes to prevent the gas in the sandwich of the double-layer housing 1 from being pressurized during the heating and cooling processes, causing the housing 1 to deform.

[0088] According to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, it further includes a heat preservation unit 9, which is wrapped outside the housing 1 to reduce the heat loss of the reactor and maintain the stability of the reaction temperature.

[0089] In a schematic embodiment, the cross-section of the housing 1 is configured as a rectangular structure with rounded corners. Specifically, the two adjacent side plates of the housing 1 are connected by a smooth arc transition to form a cross-sectional shape of a rounded rectangle, which not only retains the advantage of the rectangular cross-section being convenient for the arrangement and installation of internal components, but also effectively improves the gas flow distribution characteristics through the rounded corners, avoiding the common dead angle problem of traditional rectangular housings.

[0090] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the reactor further includes a perforated plate 4 and at least one spacer unit 5; the perforated plate 4 is horizontally arranged in the housing 1, and together with the side wall of the housing 1 and the gas distribution assembly 2, it encloses a reaction chamber; at least one spacer unit 5 is arranged between the perforated plate 4 and the gas distribution assembly 2 to divide the reaction chamber into at least two reaction cavities 14 that communicate with each other in the width direction of the housing 1, and is configured to change its height as the gas distribution assembly 2 moves.

[0091] Specifically, the gas phase outlet 11 is located above the perforated plate 4, and the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 are arranged on both sides in the width direction of the housing 1 and communicate with the reaction cavities 14 respectively.

[0092] According to the above setting method, the reaction chamber is jointly formed by the perforated plate 4 and the adjustable spacer unit 5, and the spacer unit 5 automatically adjusts its height according to the movement of the gas distribution assembly 2, dividing the reaction chamber into multiple reaction cavities 14 that communicate with each other in the width direction of the housing 1, realizing precise control of the reactor volume and optimization of the material flow characteristics.

[0093] Furthermore, the gas phase outlet 11 is arranged above the perforated plate 4, and the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase outlet 13 are respectively located on both sides in the width direction of the housing 1 and communicate with the corresponding reaction cavities 14. This layout not only ensures the gas connectivity between the reaction cavities 14, but also ensures the directional flow of the solid phase material. Through this structural innovation, not only the advantages of high-efficiency mass and heat transfer of the traditional fluidized bed are maintained, but also the technical problems of limited parameter adjustment of the fixed-volume reactor and serious backmixing of materials in the single-chamber structure are successfully solved.

[0094] In a schematic embodiment, the perforated plate 4 is uniformly perforated, and the total porosity is 50% - 80%. The perforated plate 4 can not only fix the spacer unit 5, but also has an efficient gas-solid separation function; its optimized porosity design effectively reduces the gas-phase entrainment of solid-phase particles while ensuring uniform gas flow distribution, significantly improving the gas-solid separation efficiency.

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the total porosity of the perforated plate 4 is 70%.

[0096] In a schematic embodiment, the perforated plate 4 is made of a rigid material.

[0097] Figure 2 The side view of the spacer assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0098] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the spacer unit 5 includes at least two levels of nested partition plates 51 and at least one support column 52; wherein, the nested partition plates 51 are connected by a guiding mechanism; the support column 52 is connected between the outer partition plate 51 and the gas distribution assembly 2 or the perforated plate 4 to form a material passage opening 53 communicating the two reaction chambers 14 on both sides.

[0099] According to the above setting method, by adopting the combination of multi-level nested partition plates 51 and support columns 52, the efficient partitioning and connection of the internal space of the reactor are realized. Among them, the partition plates 51 are smoothly telescoped through the guiding mechanism. While the support column 52 is connected to the outer partition plate 51 and the gas distribution assembly 2 or the perforated plate 4, the material passage opening 53 is cleverly formed. This structure not only ensures the relative independence of each reaction chamber 14 but also maintains the controllable flow of materials between the chambers.

[0100] Specifically, through the design of the telescopic spacer unit 5, the reactor can flexibly adjust the volume ratio of each reaction chamber 14 and the material flow path according to process requirements, effectively suppressing the material backmixing phenomenon of the traditional fluidized bed, ensuring the uniform distribution and full contact of the reaction materials, and enhancing the adaptability of the equipment to different reaction requirements.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 shown, three levels of partition plates 51 are provided, configured to extend longitudinally. The second partition plate 512 is movably sleeved outside the first partition plate 511 from the bottom of the first partition plate 511, and the third partition plate 513 is movably sleeved outside the second partition plate 512 from the bottom of the second partition plate 512; the support column 52 is also configured to extend longitudinally and is provided at the bottom of the third partition plate 513.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 shown, two support columns 52 are provided, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the third partition plate 513. A material passage opening 53 is formed between the two support columns 52 and the connected perforated plate 4 or gas distribution assembly 2.

[0103] In a schematic embodiment, the height of the partition plate 51 is 500 mm, and the opening area of the material passage opening 53 is 20% of the area of the partition plate 51.

[0104] Figure 3 Schematically shows a cross-sectional view of the connection of the nested partition plates in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0105] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the guiding mechanism between the mutually nested partition plates 51 includes: a slider 514 provided at the bottom of the inner partition plate 51 and protruding, and a guiding groove 515 provided at the top of the outer partition plate 51 and extending longitudinally. Through the sliding fit of the slider 514 and the guiding groove 515, the longitudinal relative positions of the multi-stage partition plates 51 are changed.

[0106] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, both sides of the slider 514 protrude beyond both sides of the inner partition plate 51, and the opening spacing at the top of the outer partition plate 51 is smaller than the width inside the guiding groove 515, forming a limiting structure of a T-shaped slider and a T-shaped guiding groove to prevent the two-stage partition plates 51 from separating.

[0107] In a schematic embodiment, a sealing strip is further provided between the spacer unit 5 and the inner wall of the housing 1 for sealing the reaction chambers 14 on both sides.

[0108] Specifically, the sealing strip includes an elastic heat-resistant metal C-shaped sealing strip.

[0109] Figure 4 Schematically shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0110] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, the material ports 53 of multiple spacer units 5 are alternately formed on the side of the gas distribution assembly 2 and the perforated plate 4 in the width direction of the housing 1, forming a continuous reciprocating material flow path.

[0111] Specifically, two adjacent spacer units 5 are arranged in opposite directions longitudinally. For example, the material port 53 of the first spacer unit 5 is above, and the material ports 53 of the adjacent spacer units 5 on both sides are below.

[0112] According to the above setting method, the material (such as gas or fluid and solid material) forms an "S-shaped" flow trajectory in the alternately distributed channels, prolonging the contact time and improving the reaction or mixing efficiency; by forcibly changing the material flow direction, reverse flow (such as gas or particle backflow) can be effectively inhibited, ensuring unidirectional and stable transportation, and improving the reliability and safety of the system operation.

[0113] In a schematic embodiment, the number of spacer units 5 is an odd number. As Figure 4 shown, three spacer units 5 are provided, and the material ports 53 of the spacer units 5 on both sides (the outermost sides) in the width direction of the housing 1 are arranged on the side of the gas distribution assembly 2, so that the head and tail of the formed reciprocating material flow path are formed on the side of the upper perforated plate 4.

[0114] Furthermore, as Figure 4As shown, the solid-phase inlet 12 and the solid-phase outlet 13 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the housing 1 in the width direction near the porous plate 4 to connect the head and the end of the reciprocating material flow channel.

[0115] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solid-phase inlet 12 and the solid-phase outlet 13 are arranged at the upper part of the reaction chamber near the porous plate 4, and the distance between the upper edge of the connection of the solid-phase inlet 12 and the solid-phase outlet 13 to the housing 1 and the lower surface of the porous plate 4 is less than 200 mm.

[0116] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, the solid-phase inlet 12 extends obliquely upward from the inside of the housing 1, and the solid-phase outlet 13 extends obliquely downward from the inside of the housing 1.

[0117] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, it further includes a plurality of spacer plates 8, which are arranged at intervals above the porous plate 4 in the width direction of the housing 1 and are coplanar with a plurality of spacer units 5 below the porous plate 4 to space the spaces above the upper parts of two adjacent reaction chambers 14 and prevent the reverse phenomenon of the material during the flow process.

[0118] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, it further includes a plurality of spacer plates 8, which are arranged at intervals above the porous plate 4 along the width direction of the housing 1 and are aligned coplanarly with a plurality of spacer units 5 (odd spacer units, which are the first spacer unit and the third spacer unit in this embodiment) below the porous plate 4 to separate the upper spaces of two adjacent reaction chambers 14, thereby effectively preventing the reverse mixing (reverse reaction) of the material during the flow process, ensuring the unidirectional and orderly flow of the material along the predetermined path, improving the reaction efficiency and maintaining the process stability.

[0119] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the spacer plate 8 is 100 mm to 1000 mm, preferably 500 mm.

[0120] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, the gas distribution assembly 2 includes: a distribution plate 21 and a plurality of distribution units 22. The distribution plate 21 is movably arranged longitudinally in the housing 1; a plurality of distribution units 22 are arranged along the width direction of the housing 1, the lower parts are located below the distribution plate 21, and the upper parts pass through the distribution plate 21 and are respectively communicated with a plurality of reaction chambers 14, and are suitable for conveying reaction gas to the reaction chambers 14.

[0121] According to the above setting method, by independently controlling the gas delivery amount of each distribution unit 22, the gas-solid ratio in each reaction chamber 14 can be accurately adjusted to optimize the reaction conditions.

[0122] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 4As shown in the figure, an upper limit ring 16 and a lower limit ring 17 are also provided inside the housing 1. The upper limit ring 16 is located below the porous plate 4, and the distance between the upper limit ring 16 and the porous plate 4 is greater than the height of the partition plate 51. The lower limit ring 17 is arranged in the opening at the bottom of the housing 1. The upper limit ring 16 and the lower limit ring 17 are used to limit the longitudinal movement of the gas distribution assembly 2.

[0123] Specifically, the solid-phase inlet 12 and the solid-phase outlet 13 are arranged above the upper limit ring 16.

[0124] Figure 5 FIG. schematically shows the structural diagram of the gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 FIG. schematically shows the cross-sectional view of the edge of the gas distribution assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0125] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the distribution unit 22 includes a gas distribution element 221 and a plurality of gas distribution elements 222. The gas distribution element 221 is arranged below the distribution plate 21, and an air inlet 2211 is arranged on the side wall, and a valve 2212 is arranged at the bottom; a plurality of gas distribution elements 222 are uniformly arranged above the distribution plate 21 and communicated with the gas distribution element 221, and a plurality of air outlets 2221 are arranged on the plurality of gas distribution elements 222.

[0126] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gas distribution element 221 is connected to an external gas source through the air inlet 2211, distributes the gas-phase material to a plurality of gas distribution elements 222, and uniformly outputs it to the reaction chamber 14 through the air outlets 2221 arranged on the side walls of the gas distribution elements 222.

[0127] Specifically, as Figure 5 shown, the bottom of the gas distribution element 221 is conical, and the valve 2212 is arranged at the end of the cone, which is suitable for discharging part of the solid-phase material falling into the reaction chamber 14 through the air outlet 2221.

[0128] Furthermore, as Figure 6 shown, the gas distribution element 222 is configured as a cylinder, and the bottom is communicated with the gas distribution element 221 through the distribution plate 21. A plurality of air outlets 2221 are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the gas distribution element 222. The end of the air outlet 2221 inside the gas distribution element 222 is higher than the end outside the gas distribution element 222, and extends obliquely from the inside to the outside and from top to bottom.

[0129] According to the above setting method, through the special arrangement of the air outlet 2221 that slopes downward from the inside to the outside, on the one hand, a downward air flow barrier is formed, effectively preventing solid-phase materials from entering the distribution element and avoiding the risk of blockage; on the other hand, the gas-phase materials are evenly diffused circumferentially, forming a stable three-dimensional flow field distribution in the reaction chamber. The inclination angle optimizes the gas flow path, significantly improves the gas-solid contact efficiency, makes the temperature field and concentration field distribution in the reactor more uniform, and is particularly suitable for high-efficiency reaction systems that require strict control of gas-solid distribution.

[0130] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, a tubular distribution element 223 is provided at a position close to the inner wall side of the housing 1 of the distribution plate 21, extending horizontally and communicating with the gas distribution element 221 located below. A plurality of tubular air outlets 2231 are provided at the bottom of the tubular distribution element 223, which are spaced axially, and the extending direction of the tubular air outlets 2231 is obliquely downward and parallel to the radial direction of the tubular distribution element 223.

[0131] According to the above setting method, through the arrangement of the tubular air outlets 2231 in the obliquely downward direction, on the one hand, the air flow is evenly ejected in the direction parallel to the radial direction, ensuring the gas distribution uniformity in the edge area of the reaction chamber 14 and effectively eliminating the wall flow dead zone commonly found in traditional designs; on the other hand, the downwardly inclined air flow direction forms a gas barrier, which can not only prevent the accumulation of solid materials on the inner wall side of the housing 1, but also avoid the reverse entry of reaction materials into the distribution element. The gas-solid contact efficiency in the edge area of the reactor is optimized, making the flow field distribution in the entire reaction chamber more uniform and consistent. At the same time, the risk of wall coking and blockage is significantly reduced, and the stability and reliability of the device operation are improved.

[0132] In a schematic embodiment, the total opening ratio of the gas distribution element 222 in each reaction chamber 14 is 3% - 20%.

[0133] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, the gas distribution assembly 2 further includes a sealing ring seat 23 and a sealing ring 24. The sealing ring seat 23 is provided on the lower side of the distribution plate 21, surrounding a ring-shaped sealing space with the side wall of the housing 1; the sealing ring 24 is provided in the sealing space, and the cross-sectional diameter of the sealing ring 24 is greater than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the cross-section of the sealing space to seal the inner cavity.

[0134] According to the above setting method, the seal structure design realizes the efficient sealing of the inner cavity of the housing 1 through the synergistic effect of the interference-fit sealing ring 24 and the seal ring seat 23: the sealing ring 24 forms a radially tight contact with the side wall of the housing 1 in the pre-compressed state, and the continuous pressing force generated by its elastic deformation can effectively isolate the gas exchange between the reaction chamber 14 and the external environment. At the same time, it compensates for the thermal expansion and contraction deformation during the operation of the equipment, ensuring that reliable sealing performance can still be maintained under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, preventing the leakage of reaction gases or the infiltration of external air, and guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the reaction process.

[0135] According to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 6 shown, the seal ring seat 23 includes a first seal ring 231 and a second seal ring 232. The first seal ring 231 is fixedly arranged below the distribution plate 21, and the second seal ring 232 is detachably installed on the first seal ring 231. The second seal ring 232 extends obliquely downward in the width direction of the housing 1 (that is, the annular end located inside is higher than the annular end located outside), forming a conical ring body, and enclosing an annular sealing space with the first seal ring 231 and the inner wall of the housing 1.

[0136] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first seal ring 231 and the second seal ring 232 are detachably connected by bolts.

[0137] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the sealing ring 24 is circular, and it is made of a high-temperature resistant rubber material. The diameter of the sealing ring 24 is 4 to 20 mm or more larger than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the cross-section of the sealing space.

[0138] In a schematic embodiment, the inside of the sealing ring 24 is hollow, and an air inlet pipe communicating with the inside is provided. The air inlet pipe communicates with the outside through the second seal ring 232. By inflating the inside of the sealing ring 24, the diameter range of the sealing ring 24 can be controlled.

[0139] According to the above setting method, the hollow cavity of the sealing ring 24 and the air inlet pipe constitute a pressure adjustment system. By filling compressed gas into the inside of the sealing ring 24, its radial expansion amount can be precisely controlled, so that the outer diameter of the sealing ring 24 always maintains the best contact pressure with the inner wall of the housing 1. This design can not only adjust the sealing tightness in real time according to the change of working conditions, compensate for the sealing gap caused by mechanical wear or thermal deformation, but also quickly relieve the sealing state by pressure relief during equipment maintenance, greatly improving the reliability and maintenance convenience of the sealing system, and is particularly suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure reaction devices that need to be frequently opened and closed or operate under variable working conditions.

[0140] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 6As shown, an annular sealing strip 211 is provided at the outer edge of the distribution plate 21, which is in abutting cooperation with the side wall of the housing 1 whose cross-section is configured as a rectangle with a rounded transition, so as to play a sealing role, and the rounded transition connection can ensure the sealing effect of the sealing strip 211.

[0141] Figure 7 Schematically shows a structural schematic diagram of the sealing groove of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0142] In a schematic embodiment, a plurality of annular sealing grooves 18 are provided on the inner wall of the housing 1, and the plurality of sealing grooves 18 are evenly spaced in the longitudinal direction on the inner wall of the housing 1. It is suitable for cooperating with the sealing ring 24 to seal the inner cavity of the housing 1.

[0143] According to the above setting method, through the coordinated cooperation of the plurality of annular sealing grooves 18 provided on the inner wall of the housing 1 and the inflatable sealing ring 24, a multi-layer sealing effect is achieved: the sealing grooves 18 are equidistantly distributed in the longitudinal direction to form sealing positions. When the inflated sealing ring 24 is accurately fitted with the sealing grooves 18, the overall sealing performance can be significantly improved through multiple sealing surfaces, and different sealing positions with different heights can be selected for dynamic adjustment according to the working conditions. The sealing system has the characteristics of adjustable axial position and controllable sealing pressure, can not only adapt to the pressure changes in different reaction stages, but also effectively prevent the axial gas flow through segmented sealing, and is particularly suitable for large vertical reaction devices with pressure fluctuations or requiring zone control. While ensuring airtightness, the wear rate of the sealing elements is greatly reduced.

[0144] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the depth of the sealing groove 18 is 0.04 mm to 1.5 mm, and the distance between adjacent sealing grooves 18 is 0.3 mm to 5 mm.

[0145] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the gas distribution assembly 2 adopts a multi-stage sealing structure, combined with the inflation and deflation design of the sealing ring 24, to ensure the sealing performance during the lifting process. This design not only prevents the leakage of reaction gases, but also avoids the entry of external air, ensuring the safety and stability of the reaction.

[0146] Figure 8 Schematically shows a top view of the drive assembly of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0147] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 8 shown, the drive assembly 3 includes: a base 31, arranged below the housing 1; a plurality of lifting execution units 32, vertically installed on the base 31, with the upper ends connected to the gas distribution assembly 2; a drive unit 33, arranged on the base 31; and a synchronous transmission mechanism 34, connected between the output end of the drive unit 33 and the plurality of lifting execution units 32, suitable for evenly distributing the torque output by the drive unit 33 to the plurality of lifting execution units 32.

[0148] According to the above setting method, the driving assembly 3 realizes the precise vertical lifting of the gas distribution assembly 2 through the synchronous lifting mechanism. The driving unit 33 evenly distributes the power to multiple lifting execution units 32 through the synchronous transmission mechanism 34, ensuring that the distribution plate 21 remains horizontal during the lifting process and avoiding problems such as seal failure or uneven reaction caused by inclination.

[0149] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 8 shown, the lifting execution unit 32 includes a lead screw, which extends longitudinally. The lifting execution unit 32 is configured to be four and is evenly connected to the bottom of the gas distribution assembly 2.

[0150] Specifically, the synchronous transmission mechanism 34 includes a reducer 341, two first commutators 342, and four second commutators 343. The driving unit 33 is arranged in the middle of the base. The output end of the driving unit 33 is connected to the reducer 341. The two ends of the reducer 341 are connected to the two first commutators 342 through transmission shafts. The two ends of the two first commutators 342 are respectively connected to the second commutators 343. The second commutators 343 are threadedly connected to the lead screws to evenly convert the torque output by the driving unit 33 into the driving force for the lifting of the four lead screws.

[0151] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, it further includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes 6, which are respectively arranged in a plurality of reaction chambers 14. The plurality of heat exchange tubes 6 are configured to extend longitudinally to respectively perform heat exchange on the plurality of reaction chambers 14 to precisely control the reaction temperature of each reaction chamber 14.

[0152] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange tube 6 adopts a U-shaped tube, and both ends extend to the outside of the housing 1 and are connected to an external heat exchanger. Among them, when the heat exchange tube 6 is arranged, the bottom of the heat exchange tube 6 is the height upper limit of the distribution assembly 2.

[0153] Figure 9 A pipeline diagram of the pressure monitoring assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0154] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 9 shown, it further includes a pressure monitoring assembly 7, including a first differential pressure transmitter 71 and a second differential pressure transmitter 72. Among them, as Figure 4As shown, on each side wall of the housing 1 located on one side of each reaction chamber 14, there are at least three pressure measurement ports 15 distributed at longitudinal intervals; the positive pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter 71 is connected to the uppermost pressure measurement port 15 through a pressure guiding pipe, the negative pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter 72 is connected to the lowermost pressure measurement port 15 through a pressure guiding pipe, and each intermediate pressure measurement port 15 is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the negative pressure side, the negative pressure side and the positive pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter 71, and a valve is provided on each pressure guiding pipe.

[0155] Among them, it should be noted that the "positive pressure side" refers to the side of the differential pressure transmitter connected to the higher pressure or the relative pressure being positive (i.e., the high pressure side, HP), and the "negative pressure side" refers to the side connected to the lower pressure or the relative pressure being negative (i.e., the low pressure side, LP). For example, if the pressures on both sides are higher than the atmospheric pressure (such as pipeline flow measurement), the "negative pressure side" only means that the pressure is lower than the positive pressure side, and the actual pressure is still positive. At this time, "positive / negative" is a description of the relative differential pressure direction, rather than the absolute pressure value. If the low pressure side is connected to a vacuum or the absolute pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure (such as a suction system), the negative pressure side is both the "low pressure side" of the differential pressure and the negative pressure area of the absolute pressure. According to the above setting method, by controlling the valves on different pressure guiding pipes, the pressure difference and density between any two points can be measured, the overall flow state of the material can be determined, and the gas-solid ratio can be adjusted according to the measured data to make the reaction conditions in each reaction chamber 14 in an optimal state.

[0156] In a schematic embodiment, on the side wall of the housing 1 of each reaction chamber 14, there are also a plurality of temperature measurement ports evenly distributed longitudinally, and the temperature measurement ports are communicated with an external temperature measurement device to obtain the reaction temperatures at different positions in the reaction chamber.

[0157] In the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature measurement ports and the pressure measurement ports 15 are arranged in coincidence, so that the external temperature measurement device and the first differential pressure transmitter 71 and the second differential pressure transmitter 72 obtain the temperature and pressure in the reaction chamber 14 through a common opening.

[0158] Figure 10 Schematically shows a connection diagram of a multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0159] In a schematic embodiment, as Figure 10 shown, the solid phase inlet 12 is connected to the solid phase preheater 200 through a pipeline, and the solid phase outlet 13 and the gas phase outlet 11 are respectively connected to the gas-solid separator 300.

[0160] According to the above setting method, the direct connection design between the solid phase inlet 12 and the solid phase preheater 200 enables the solid material to be preheated to the process temperature before entering the reaction chamber 14, effectively shortening the reaction startup time; the gas-solid mixture after the reaction is respectively introduced into the gas-solid separator 300 through the parallel gas phase outlet 11 and the solid phase outlet 13. This integrated process design significantly improves the thermal efficiency of the reaction system and the product separation effect, and simplifies the equipment structure through modular pipeline layout, which is particularly suitable for the high-temperature gas-solid reaction process of continuous production.

[0161] According to the volume-variable multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor of the present invention, through the liftable gas distribution assembly 2, the volume of the reaction chamber can be flexibly adjusted, so as to adjust the gas-solid ratio and the solid phase residence time within a large range. This enables a single reactor to adapt to a variety of different reaction requirements, such as from fast reactions to slow reactions, or process conditions from high gas-solid ratios to low gas-solid ratios. At the same time, it is also possible to achieve parameter adjustment for the same reaction within a larger range to meet the needs of changes in reactant concentration or optimization of product yield. This high degree of operational flexibility significantly improves the utilization rate of the equipment, reduces the equipment investment cost, and enhances the economic benefits.

[0162] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments have been described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used advantageously in combination. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various substitutions and modifications, and these substitutions and modifications should all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor with variable volume, characterized in that: include: A shell, wherein the top of the shell is provided with a gas phase outlet, the side wall is provided with a solid phase inlet and a solid phase outlet, and the bottom is provided with an opening; a gas distribution assembly at least partially movably extending longitudinally into the housing through the opening; as well as The driving assembly is adapted to drive the gas distribution assembly to move longitudinally relative to the shell to adjust the volume of the inner cavity of the shell.

2. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A porous plate is horizontally arranged in the shell, and forms a reaction chamber with the side wall of the shell and the gas distribution assembly; as well as at least one spacing unit, disposed between the porous plate and the gas distribution assembly to partition the reaction chamber into at least two reaction chambers interconnected in the width direction of the shell, and configured to change height as the gas distribution assembly moves; The gas phase outlet is located above the porous plate, and the solid phase inlet and the solid phase outlet are arranged on both sides of the shell in the width direction and are respectively connected to the reaction chamber.

3. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing unit comprises: At least two levels of mutually nested partition plates, the mutually nested partition plates being connected by a guide mechanism; and At least one supporting column is connected between the outer partition plate and the gas distribution assembly or the porous plate to form a material port connecting the reaction chambers at both sides.

4. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material openings of the plurality of spacing units are alternately arranged on the gas distribution assembly and the porous plate side in the width direction of the shell to form a continuous reciprocating material flow path.

5. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas distribution assembly comprises: a distribution plate movably disposed in the housing in a longitudinal direction; and A plurality of distribution units are arranged along the width direction of the shell, with the lower portion being located below the distribution plate and the upper portion passing through the distribution plate and respectively communicating with the plurality of reaction chambers, and are suitable for conveying reaction gas to the reaction chambers.

6. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distribution unit comprises: A gas distribution element is disposed below the distribution plate, with a gas inlet disposed on the side wall and a valve disposed on the bottom; and A plurality of gas distribution elements are evenly arranged above the distribution plate and communicated with the gas distribution element. The plurality of gas distribution elements are provided with a plurality of air outlets.

7. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas distribution assembly further comprises: A sealing ring seat, disposed on the lower side of the distribution plate, and forming an annular sealing space with the side wall of the housing; and A sealing ring is arranged in the sealing space, and the cross-sectional diameter of the sealing ring is larger than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing space, so as to seal the inner cavity.

8. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly comprises: A base, disposed below the shell; A plurality of lifting execution units are vertically mounted on the base, and the upper ends thereof are connected to the gas distribution assembly; A driving unit, disposed on the base; and The synchronous transmission mechanism is connected between the output end of the driving unit and the plurality of lifting execution units, and is suitable for evenly distributing the torque output by the driving unit to the plurality of lifting execution units, so that the plurality of lifting execution units can be lifted synchronously.

9. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes, which are respectively arranged in the plurality of reaction chambers, and the plurality of heat exchange tubes are configured to extend in the longitudinal direction.

10. The variable volume multi-chamber fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also included are pressure monitoring components, including: a first differential pressure transmitter and a second differential pressure transmitter; The side wall of the shell located on one side of each reaction chamber is respectively provided with at least three pressure measuring ports spaced apart in the longitudinal direction; The positive pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter is connected to the uppermost pressure measuring port through a pressure-leading pipe, and the negative pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter is connected to the lowermost pressure measuring port through a pressure-leading pipe. Each of the middle pressure measuring ports is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the negative pressure side of the first differential pressure transmitter, the negative pressure side and the positive pressure side of the second differential pressure transmitter, and a valve is provided on each of the pressure-leading pipes.

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