Marine lithium battery device protection system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a protection system of a marine lithium battery device and a control method thereof. The system establishes a classification protection system of a ship battery pack according to the importance of a protected object, the damage degree of a fault on the whole device, and the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance. Through evaluation and safety protection decision on the running state of the lithium battery device, the battery is effectively prevented from being damaged due to low or high power, low or high temperature, and the like. Four elements of a fault node, a fault state, evaluation parameters and judgment criteria are set for each protection category or subcategory. Through data acquisition, data calculation and protection analysis are carried out on the four elements, the analysis accuracy is improved, and fault misjudgment is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pure battery power systems for ships, in particular to a protection system for a lithium battery device for ships and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The protection of the battery for ships is mainly to ensure the safety of the battery and prolong its service life, and a series of measures are taken to prevent the battery from being overcharged, overheated, or damaged in the case of large current / short circuit. If the battery is aged or damaged, it is easy to cause safety problems such as liquid leakage and explosion.

[0003] The existing protection strategy for vehicle and household batteries is that when the battery power is too low or too high, the temperature is too low or too high, etc., the battery management system will automatically protect, at which time the battery will no longer provide power output until the battery power returns to the safe range, or the temperature decreases or increases to the safe range, so as to protect the health and life of the battery during long-term use. Patent CN118659479A discloses a battery protection circuit, a battery assembly, a battery pack, an electronic device and a control method, which includes a battery sampling module, a battery protection unit, a main control unit and a main switch unit. The battery protection unit also accesses an abnormal reference voltage and evaluates the battery state through a power meter, and outputs a corresponding parameter adjustment signal to the battery protection circuit to meet the protection requirements. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the present application adopts a protection system for a lithium battery device for ships, which classifies the protection mechanism according to the importance of the protected object, the harm degree of the fault to the whole device, and the difficulty degree of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, establishes a classification protection system for information processing, so as to improve the fault identification accuracy and the fault processing efficiency, and ensure the safe operation of the battery pack.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is: a protection system for a lithium battery device for ships, comprising a data signal acquisition domain, a monitoring unit, a control unit, an execution unit arranged at the ship end, and a monitoring center arranged at the shore end for storing the running history data of the lithium battery device and implementing remote monitoring on the protection system;

[0006] The monitoring unit is used for monitoring the working state and operating parameters of the protected object in the data signal acquisition domain, the control unit is used for classifying, summarizing and processing the data collected by the monitoring unit or external operation instructions, and the processing results are executed through the protection function modules of the execution unit to perform corresponding safety protection operations;

[0007] The data signal collection domain includes lithium battery clusters, high-voltage line components, busbar components and load devices; the monitoring unit includes temperature monitoring units, voltage monitoring units, line current monitoring units, battery terminal insulation monitoring units, device input control DI detection, device output control DO detection and external communication monitoring;

[0008] The control unit is provided with three levels of slave control modules, master control modules and general control modules, one general control module is configured for a battery pack of the lithium battery device, a master control module is configured for a battery cluster, and a slave control module is configured for a battery pack; the slave control module and the master control module directly acquire data of monitoring points in the data signal collection domain through the monitoring unit and store and process the data, or the master control module calls data and the slave control module processes the data; the general control module is used for receiving and processing data uploaded by the master control module or external operation instructions;

[0009] The slave control module is responsible for managing the temperature monitoring unit and the voltage monitoring unit, is used for voltage and temperature collection of the battery module, and saves data in a data buffer area of a micro control unit MCU to wait for secondary data processing; a result of the data processing is used to judge specific voltage collection broken lines and temperature broken lines; a received communication instruction is used to perform passive balancing on a specified channel or to perform autonomous balancing when a starting voltage and a pressure difference threshold value greater than the starting voltage are satisfied; a received automatic coding command is used to code an address of the slave control module and save data to an EEPROM, and each time data is uploaded, a new address value is read from the EEPROM in real time;

[0010] The master control module is responsible for managing a load total voltage monitoring circuit, a battery terminal total voltage monitoring circuit, a line current monitoring circuit, a battery terminal insulation monitoring circuit, a multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit, a multi-channel input DI detection circuit and a positive and negative relay monitoring circuit DO, wherein the multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit is used for detecting environmental temperature, OTP environmental temperature and high-voltage box copper bar temperature; the line current monitoring circuit is used for estimating a value of SOC in a battery charging or discharging process and judging whether the charging or discharging is excessive;

[0011] The execution unit includes a protection management module, a protection execution module and a protection control module, the protection management module starts an execution thread according to a pre-defined start, performs protection parameter calculation and analysis; the protection execution module includes a group of alarm devices, the alarm devices receive an analysis result of the protection management module and specifically execute corresponding protection function alarms; the protection control module implements system automatic protection or executes corresponding protection operations in an emergency through a man-machine interaction mode;

[0012] Each protection category sets a lower subcategory as needed to facilitate the determination of the fault node and the maintenance of the fault, and each protection category or subcategory is provided with four elements of fault node, fault state, evaluation parameter and judgment criterion; the protection management module compares the data calculation and protection analysis result with the protection conditions in the classification library and the template library in the database according to the four elements, and gives an execution instruction to the protection execution module.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the EEPROM is an EEPROM that still remains after power failure.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the battery cluster includes a plurality of battery packs connected in series, the battery pack includes two or more lithium battery modules connected in series, a plurality of battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery pack, the lithium battery pack is arranged in the battery cabin A2, a domain control box is arranged outside the battery cabin A2, and the domain control box is provided with a domain control box panel; the high-voltage line assembly is arranged in the high-voltage box, and the high-voltage line assembly includes a high-voltage box main loop, a high-voltage box external wire harness and a high-voltage box manual switch MSD; the high-voltage box main loop is provided with positive and negative relays, fuses and current sensors, and the high-voltage box main loop extends to the battery cluster to form a power supply loop.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the protection management module divides the protection categories into eight categories according to the importance of the protected object, the damage degree of the fault to the entire device and the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, and implements the protection categories through the protection management module, including battery overheating protection, overvoltage and undervoltage protection, overcharge and overdischarge protection, battery charge protection, insulation protection, data acquisition and transmission protection, abnormal operation protection and other abnormal protection.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the battery overheating protection is based on the temperature detection circuit of the slave module and the temperature sensor on the battery cell; the overvoltage and undervoltage protection is based on the voltage detection circuit of the slave module and the battery end voltage and load end voltage detection circuit of the master module; the overcharge and overdischarge protection is based on the Hall sensor in the high-voltage box and the current detection circuit of the master module; the insulation protection is based on the insulation detection circuit of the master module; the fault emergency stop is based on the emergency stop button outside and the DI module of the master control module; the data power failure protection is based on the EEPROM of the slave module, the FRAM of the master module and the power failure retention area of the master control module; if the battery stops running due to a fault, the high voltage under the battery cluster is executed.

[0017] The further technical problem solved by the present application is to provide a control method of the protection system of the marine lithium battery device.

[0018] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0019] Step one: system power-on start

[0020] The system is powered on and self-checked, including insulation resistance self-checking; the system displays that the start state is normal, and step two is executed; otherwise, the battery end insulation condition is judged, if the battery end insulation is good, restart and self-check; otherwise, step six is executed;

[0021] Step two: monitoring unit operation

[0022] Set the data monitoring timer to make the monitoring unit run periodically, and execute corresponding data storage, preprocessing and sending according to the thread through the corresponding module of the control unit;

[0023] Step three: protection control data analysis and calculation

[0024] The control unit receives data regularly and performs data analysis and calculation, and stores the calculation results in the database;

[0025] Step four: protection execution data classification retrieval

[0026] The protection management module of the execution unit classifies and retrieves the database according to the protection category, and generates a classified database storage;

[0027] Step five: protection execution classification control screening

[0028] The protection execution module compares the protection template conditions according to the three types of processing methods of reset, alarm and shutdown, and if there is data that meets the protection condition, it is screened and stored; otherwise, jump to step two;

[0029] Step six: classification of protection execution instruction

[0030] The control unit regularly receives protection data and issues protection execution instructions to the protection execution module, and the protection control module executes according to the instructions issued by the protection execution module according to the system automatic processing or manual processing method, respectively. First-level warning and second-level alarm execute automatic processing steps S61, S62, and third-level protection executes step S63;

[0031] S61: warning

[0032] The first-level warning condition is met, and audible and visual alarms and fault information display are implemented; set the delay time, reach the recovery condition, automatically eliminate the warning, and execute step two; otherwise, execute step seven;

[0033] S62: alarm

[0034] The second-level alarm condition is met, and audible and visual alarms, fault information display and power reduction are implemented; set the delay time, reach the recovery condition, automatically eliminate the alarm, and execute step two; otherwise, execute step seven;

[0035] S63: protection

[0036] S64: meeting the third protection condition, implementing sound and light alarm, fault information display and shutdown, and executing step seven;

[0037] Step seven: manual processing of faults

[0038] According to the fault information prompt, the fault point is manually processed, and when the recovery condition is met, if the system is restarted, step one is executed; otherwise, step eight is executed;

[0039] Step eight: end;

[0040] Power down, and the system ends running.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0042] 1. According to the importance of the protected object, the harm degree of the fault to the whole device, and the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, a ship battery pack classification protection system is established, the running state of the lithium battery device is evaluated and safety protection decision is made, and the battery is effectively prevented from being damaged due to low or high battery level, low or high temperature, etc.

[0043] 2. Four elements of fault nodes, fault states, evaluation parameters and judgment criteria are set for each protection category or subcategory, data calculation and protection analysis are performed on the four elements through data acquisition, analysis accuracy is improved, and fault misjudgment is reduced.

[0044] 3. A variety of forms are used for fault reminding, fault processing is ensured in time, and large losses caused by delayed processing time are avoided, such as when the battery enters the protection mode, an indicator light is usually turned on or a sound prompt is given to remind the user to perform corresponding processing, such as charging, cooling, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 The system composition diagram of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 The management and control module and data source correspondence diagram of the present application;

[0047] Figure 3 The four-element association diagram of the protection category of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 The protection system control flowchart of the present application;

[0049] In the drawings: A-ship end, A1-pilot console, A2-battery cabin, B-shore end; 100-data signal acquisition domain, 200-monitoring unit, 300-control unit, 400-execution unit, 500-monitoring center;

[0050] 110 - lithium battery cluster, 120 - high-voltage line assembly, 130 - busbar assembly, 140 - load device; 111 - battery pack, 112 - lithium battery module, 113 - domain control box, 114 - domain control box panel; 121 - high-voltage box main circuit, 122 - high-voltage box external wiring harness, 123 - high-voltage box manual switch MSD;

[0051] 211 - temperature monitoring assembly, 212 - voltage monitoring assembly, 213 - line current monitoring assembly, 214 - battery terminal insulation monitoring assembly, 215 - input control DI, 216 - output control DO, 217 - external communication monitoring; 310 - slave module, 320 - master module, 330 - master control module, 410 - protection management module, 420 - protection execution module, 430 protection control module;

[0052] 411 battery overheat protection, 412 - overvoltage and undervoltage protection, 413 - overcharge and overdischarge protection, 414 - battery charge protection, 415 - insulation protection, 416 - data acquisition and transceiver protection, 417 - abnormal action protection, 418 - other abnormal protection; 511 - classification library, 512 - template library. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] As Figures 1-3 shown, a protection system for a marine lithium battery device includes a data signal acquisition domain 100 arranged at the ship end, a monitoring unit 200, a control unit 300, an execution unit 400, and a monitoring center 500 arranged at the shore end for storing lithium battery device operation history data and implementing remote monitoring of the protection system.

[0055] The monitoring unit 200 is used to monitor the working state and operating parameters of the protected objects in the data signal acquisition domain 100, such as the working state and operating and performance parameters of the battery, devices and circuits, etc. The control unit 300 is used to classify, summarize and process the data collected by the monitoring unit 200 or external operation instructions, and execute corresponding safety protection operations through the protection function modules of the execution unit 400.

[0056] The data signal acquisition domain 100 includes a lithium battery cluster 110, a high-voltage line assembly 120, a busbar assembly 130, and a load device 140.

[0057] The battery cluster 110 includes several battery packs 111 connected in series, the battery pack includes 2 or more lithium battery modules 112 connected in series, a plurality of battery clusters 110 are connected in parallel to form a battery pack, the lithium battery pack is arranged in the battery cabin A2, the domain control box 113 is arranged outside the battery cabin A2, and the domain control box 113 is provided with a domain control box panel 114; the high-voltage line assembly 120 is arranged in the high-voltage box, and the high-voltage line assembly 120 includes a high-voltage box main loop 121, a high-voltage box external wire harness 122 and a high-voltage box manual switch MSD 123; the high-voltage box main loop 121 is provided with positive and negative relays, fuses and current sensors, and the high-voltage box main loop 121 extends to the battery cluster 110, forming a power supply loop.

[0058] The monitoring unit 200 includes a temperature monitoring assembly 211, a voltage monitoring assembly 212, a line current monitoring assembly 213, a battery end insulation monitoring assembly 214, a device input control DI detection 215, a device output control DO detection 216 and external communication monitoring 217.

[0059] The above monitoring assemblies are configured with corresponding sensors and detection circuit combinations or detection circuit alone for parameter detection according to different monitoring index parameter requirements, so as to evaluate and make safety protection decisions for the running state of the lithium battery device.

[0060] The monitoring can be realized for 19 parameters including charging single cell temperature (℃), single cell voltage (V) and the like (which can also be expanded according to needs), and the parameters calculated from the monitoring parameters include single cell pressure difference (V), single cell temperature difference (℃) and system minimum power (SOC value, %); all the parameters are used for evaluating and making safety protection decisions for the running state of the lithium battery device; see Table 1 below for details:

[0061] Table 1

[0062] The control unit 300 is provided with three levels of slave control module 310, master control module 320 and general control module 330, the lithium battery device battery pack is provided with one general control module 330, the battery cluster 110 is provided with a master control module 320, and the battery pack is provided with a slave control module 310; the slave control module and the master control module directly acquire the monitoring point data in the data signal acquisition domain 100 through the monitoring unit 200 and store and process the data, or the master control module calls the data and the slave control module processes the data; the general control module is used for receiving and processing the data uploaded by the master control module or external operation instructions.

[0063] The slave control module 310 is provided with a slave controller, a data acquisition circuit, a signal processing circuit, a communication interface, an EEPROM memory and the like, is responsible for managing the temperature monitoring component 211 and the voltage monitoring component 212, is used for voltage and temperature acquisition of the battery module, and saves data in a data buffer area of a micro control unit MCU to wait for secondary data processing; a result of the data processing is used to judge a specific voltage acquisition broken channel and a temperature broken channel; a communication instruction is received to passively balance a specified channel or autonomously balance when a starting voltage and a pressure difference threshold value greater than the starting voltage are satisfied; an automatic coding command is received to code an address of the slave control module 310 and save data to an EEPROM, and the EEPROM is an EEPROM that still remains after the address power failure; and a new address value is read from the EEPROM in real time each time data is uploaded;

[0064] The master control module 320 is provided with a master controller, a data acquisition circuit, a signal processing circuit and a communication interface, is responsible for managing a load total voltage monitoring circuit, a battery end total voltage monitoring circuit, a line current monitoring circuit, a battery end insulation monitoring circuit, a multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit, a multi-input DI detection circuit and a positive and negative relay monitoring circuit DO, wherein the multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit is used for detecting an environmental temperature, an OTP environmental temperature and a high-voltage box copper bar temperature; and the line current monitoring circuit is used for estimating a value of SOC in a battery charging or discharging process and judging whether the charging or discharging is excessive.

[0065] The total control module 330 is provided with a total controller (PLC), a battery cluster 110 communication interface, an external signal input digital interface (DI module), an external device control output digital interface (DO module), a power supply protection circuit, an HMI interface and the like, is respectively used for summarizing all uploaded data of the master control module 320, responding to and executing an operation instruction input from the outside, performing parameter configuration of a battery pack in an HMI interface, and issuing part of parameters to the master control module 320;

[0066] The execution unit 400 includes a protection management module 410, a protection execution module 420 and a protection control module 430, the protection management module 410 starts to execute a thread according to a predefinition, performs protection parameter calculation and analysis; the protection execution module 420 includes a group of alarm devices, the alarm devices receive an analysis result of the protection management module 410 and specifically execute corresponding protection function alarms; the protection control module 430 implements system automatic protection or executes corresponding protection operations in an emergency through a man-machine interaction mode, the protection control is implemented in three types of processing modes of a first warning, a second alarm and a third protection, the first warning implements sound and light alarms and fault information display; the second alarm implements sound and light alarms, fault information display and power reduction, and the third protection implements sound and light alarms, fault information display and shutdown;

[0067] Each protection category sets a lower subcategory as needed to facilitate the determination of the fault node and the maintenance of the fault, and each protection category or subcategory is provided with four major elements of fault node, fault state, evaluation parameter and judgment criterion; the protection management module 410 compares the data calculation and protection analysis results with the protection conditions in the classification library 511 and the template library 512 in the database according to the four major elements, and gives the execution instruction of the protection execution module 420.

[0068] The protection management module 410 divides the protection categories into 8 categories according to the importance of the protected object, the harm degree of the fault to the entire device, and the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, and implements the protection categories through the protection management module 410, including battery overheat protection 411, overvoltage and undervoltage protection 412, overcharge and overdischarge protection 413, battery charge protection 414, insulation protection 415, data acquisition and transceiver protection 416, abnormal action protection 417, and other abnormal (fault emergency stop, data power loss) protection 418; when a fault occurs in each protection category, a three-class processing mode of first-level warning, second-level alarm and third-level protection is implemented;

[0069] The battery overheat protection 411 is based on the temperature detection circuit of the slave module and the temperature sensor on the battery cell; the overvoltage and undervoltage protection 412 is based on the voltage detection circuit of the slave module and the battery end voltage and load end voltage detection circuit of the master module; the overcharge and overdischarge protection 413 is based on the Hall sensor in the high-voltage box and the current detection circuit of the master module; the insulation protection 415 is based on the insulation detection circuit of the master module; the fault emergency stop in the other abnormal protection 418 is based on the emergency stop button (provided on the high-voltage box panel) and the DI module of the master control module 330; the data power loss protection in the EEPROM is based on the EEPROM of the slave module 310, the FRAM of the master module 320 and the power loss holding area of the master control module 330; if the battery stops running due to a fault, the high voltage of the battery cluster 110 is executed, and the specific table 2 is shown below:

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Figure 4 The control method of the protection system of the marine lithium battery device comprises the following steps:

[0072] Step one: system power-on start

[0073] The system is powered on and self-checked, including insulation resistance self-checking; if the system shows that the start state is normal, step two is executed; if the system shows that the start state is abnormal, the battery end insulation condition is judged, if the battery end insulation is good, the system is restarted and self-checked, otherwise, step six is executed;

[0074] Step two: monitoring unit running

[0075] The setting data monitoring timer is configured to enable the monitoring unit 200 to periodically operate, and the corresponding modules (temperature monitoring component 211, voltage monitoring component 212, line current monitoring component 213, battery terminal insulation monitoring component 214, device input control DI detection 215, device output control DO detection 216, external communication monitoring 217) of the protection control unit 300 are executed according to the thread to perform corresponding data acquisition, storage, preprocessing and transmission in Table 1;

[0076] Step three: protection control data analysis and calculation

[0077] The slave module 310, master module 320 and general control module 330 in the protection control unit 300 respectively receive data in a timely manner, and perform data analysis and calculation according to Table 2 through the respective controllers, while the calculation results are stored in the database;

[0078] Step four: protection execution data classification retrieval

[0079] The protection management module 410 of the protection execution unit 400 performs classification retrieval of the database according to the protection categories (reset, alarm, shutdown), and generates classification data stored in the classification database 511;

[0080] Step five: protection execution classification control screening

[0081] The protection execution module 420 performs protection template condition (template database 512) comparison according to the three types of processing methods of first-level warning, second-level alarm and third-level protection, and if there is data (protection category element 4) that meets the protection condition, screening, storage and execution of step six are performed; otherwise, jump to step two;

[0082] Step six: classification of protection execution instruction

[0083] According to the instruction issued by the protection execution module 420, the protection control module 430 performs automatic processing or manual processing according to the system, the first-level warning and the second-level alarm perform automatic processing steps S61 and S62, and the third-level protection performs step S63;

[0084] S61: warning

[0085] The first-level warning condition is met, and the audible and visual alarm and fault information display are implemented; after a certain time delay (2-5s), the recovery condition (protection category element 3 evaluation parameter meets the normal operation condition) is reached, the warning is automatically eliminated, and step two is executed; otherwise, step seven is executed;

[0086] S62: alarm

[0087] If the secondary alarm condition is met, the audible and visual alarm, fault information display and power reduction are executed, and the system is delayed for a certain time (2-5s). If the recovery condition is met (the protection category element 3 evaluation parameter meets the normal operation condition), the alarm is automatically eliminated, and step two is executed. Otherwise, step seven is executed.

[0088] S63: Protection

[0089] If the tertiary protection condition is met, the audible and visual alarm, fault information display and shutdown are executed, and step seven is executed.

[0090] Step seven: manual processing of faults

[0091] According to the fault information prompt, the fault point is manually processed. If the recovery condition is met, the system is restarted, and step one is executed. Otherwise, step eight is executed.

[0092] Step eight: end

[0093] Power down, end this run.

[0094] The above examples only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and some of the examples used, but are not used to limit the present invention; it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A protection system for a marine lithium battery device, comprising a data signal acquisition domain (100) arranged at a ship end, a monitoring unit (200), a control unit (300), an execution unit (400), and a monitoring center (500) arranged at a shore end, for storing operation history data of the lithium battery device and implementing remote monitoring on the protection system. characterized in that The monitoring unit (200) is used to monitor the working state and operation parameters of the protected object in the data signal acquisition domain (100), the control unit (300) is used to classify, summarize and process the data collected by the monitoring unit (200) or external operation instructions, and the processing results are executed by the execution unit (400) through the corresponding safety protection operation of each protection function module. The data signal acquisition domain (100) comprises a lithium battery cluster (110), a high-voltage line assembly (120), a busbar assembly (130) and a load device (140); the monitoring unit (200) comprises a temperature monitoring unit (211), a voltage monitoring unit (212), a line current monitoring unit (213), a battery end insulation monitoring unit (214), a device input control DI detection (215), a device output control DO detection (216), and an external communication monitoring (217). The control unit (300) is provided with three levels of slave control module (310), master control module (320) and general control module (330), one general control module (330) is configured for the battery pack of the lithium battery device, the master control module (320) is configured for the battery cluster, and the slave control module (310) is configured for the battery pack; the slave control module and the master control module directly acquire the monitoring point data in the data signal acquisition domain (100) through the monitoring unit (200) and store and process the data, or the master control module calls the data and the slave control module processes the data; the general control module is used to receive and process the data uploaded by the master control module or external operation instructions. The slave control module (310) is responsible for managing the temperature monitoring unit (211) and the voltage monitoring unit (212), and is used for voltage and temperature acquisition of the battery module and saving in the data buffer area of the micro control unit MCU for secondary data processing. The results of data processing are used to judge the specific voltage collection breakage channel and the temperature breakage channel; the received communication instruction passively balances the specified channel or autonomously balances when the starting voltage and the pressure difference threshold value greater than the starting balance are met; the received automatic coding command encodes the address of the slave control module (310) and saves the data to EEPROM, and each time the data is uploaded, the new address value is read from EEPROM in real time. The master control module (320) is responsible for managing the load total voltage monitoring circuit, the battery end total voltage monitoring circuit, the line current monitoring circuit, the battery end insulation monitoring circuit, the multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit, the multi-channel input DI detection circuit and the positive and negative relay monitoring circuit DO, wherein the multi-channel temperature monitoring circuit is used to detect the ambient temperature, the OTP ambient temperature and the high-voltage box copper bar temperature; the line current monitoring circuit is used to estimate the value of SOC during the battery charging or discharging process, and to judge whether the charging and discharging is excessive. The execution unit (400) comprises a protection management module (410), a protection execution module (420) and a protection control module (430), the protection management module (410) starts an execution thread according to a predefined start, carries out protection parameter calculation and analysis; the protection execution module (420) comprises a set of alarm devices, the alarm devices receive the analysis results of the protection management module (410) and specifically execute corresponding protection function alarms; the protection control module (430) implements system automatic protection or executes corresponding protection operations in emergency through a man-machine interaction mode; Each protection category sets a lower subcategory according to needs, so as to determine a fault node and maintain the fault, and each protection category or subcategory sets four major elements of a fault node, a fault state, an evaluation parameter and a judgment criterion; The protection management module (410) compares the data calculation and protection analysis results with the protection conditions in the classification library (511) and the template library (512) in the database, and gives an execution instruction of the protection execution module (420).

2. A protection system for a marine lithium battery arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The EEPROM is an EEPROM that still remains after power failure.

3. A protection system for a marine lithium battery arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery cluster (110) comprises a plurality of battery packs (111) connected in series, the battery pack comprises two or more lithium battery modules (112) connected in series, a plurality of battery clusters (110) are connected in parallel to form a battery pack, the lithium battery pack is arranged in a battery cabin A2, a domain control box (113) is arranged outside the battery cabin A2, and the domain control box (113) is provided with a domain control box panel (114); a high-voltage line assembly (120) is arranged in a high-voltage box, the high-voltage line assembly (120) comprises a high-voltage box main loop (121), a high-voltage box external wire harness (122) and a high-voltage box manual switch MSD (123), positive and negative relays, fuses and current sensors are arranged on the high-voltage box main loop (121), and the high-voltage box main loop (121) extends to the battery cluster to form a power supply loop.

4. A protection system for a marine lithium battery arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protection management module (410) divides the protection categories into eight categories according to the importance of the protected object, the damage degree of the fault to the whole device and the difficulty of fault recovery processing or the convenience of maintenance, and implements the protection categories through the protection management module (410), including battery overheating protection (411), overvoltage and undervoltage protection (412), overcharge and overdischarge protection (413), battery charge protection (414), insulation protection (415), data acquisition and transmission protection (416), abnormal action protection (417) and other abnormal protection (418).

5. A protection system for a marine lithium battery arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that: The battery overheat protection (411) is based on the temperature detection circuit of the slave module, the temperature sensor on the cell; the overvoltage and undervoltage protection (412) is based on the voltage detection circuit of the slave module and the battery end voltage and load end voltage detection circuit of the master module; the overcharge and overdischarge protection (413) is based on the Hall sensor in the high-voltage box and the current detection circuit of the master module; the insulation protection (415) is based on the insulation detection circuit of the master module; the fault emergency stop is based on the emergency stop button outside and the DI module of the master control module; the data power failure protection is based on the EEPROM of the slave module, the FRAM of the master module and the power failure holding area of the master control module; if the battery stops running due to failure, the high voltage under the battery cluster is executed.

6. A control method of a protection system of a marine lithium battery device according to claim 5, comprising the following steps: Step one: system power-on start The system is powered on and self-checked, including insulation resistance self-checking; the system displays that the starting state is normal, and step two is executed; otherwise, the insulation condition of the battery end is judged, and if the insulation of the battery end is good, the system is restarted and self-checked. Otherwise, step six is executed; Step two: monitoring unit operation Set the data monitoring timer to make the monitoring unit (200) operate periodically, and execute corresponding data storage, preprocessing and sending through the corresponding module of the control unit (300) according to the thread; Step three: protection control data analysis and calculation The control unit (300) receives data regularly, performs data analysis and calculation, and stores the calculation results in the database; Step four: protection execution data classification retrieval The protection management module (410) of the execution unit (400) classifies and retrieves the database according to the protection category, and generates a classified database storage; Step five: protection execution classification control screening The protection execution module (420) performs protection template condition comparison according to the three types of reset, alarm and shutdown, and if there is data that meets the protection condition, it is screened and stored; otherwise, jump to step two; Step six: classified protection execution instruction issuing The control unit (300) regularly receives protection data and issues protection execution instructions to the protection execution module (420), which is executed according to the system automatic processing or manual processing mode according to the instructions issued by the protection execution module (420), and the first level warning and the second level alarm are executed automatically S61, S62, and the third level protection is executed S63; S61: warning If the first level warning condition is met, sound and light alarm and fault information display are implemented; set the time delay, reach the recovery condition, automatically eliminate the warning, and execute step two; otherwise, step seven is executed; S62: alarm If the second level alarm condition is met, sound and light alarm, fault information display and power reduction are implemented, set the time delay, reach the recovery condition, automatically eliminate the alarm, and execute step two; otherwise, step seven is executed; S63: protection If the third level protection condition is met, sound and light alarm, fault information display and shutdown are implemented, and step seven is executed; Step seven: manual processing of faults According to the fault information prompt, manually process the fault point, and if the system is restarted when the recovery condition is met, execute step one; Otherwise, step eight is executed; Step eight: end Power off, the system ends operation.

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