Large cruise ship balcony supporting beam positioning method

Abstract

The invention discloses a large cruise ship balcony supporting beam positioning method which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a grid type large-group steel platform jig frame in sections, strictly controlling the jig frame to be horizontal and leveling sheet bodies; performing back burning and correction on the outer plate; marking out a T-shaped beam mounting line, mounting, checking the structure level, and welding after the structure is qualified and fixed; marking out a mounting line on the panel, and mounting a supporting beam; and the supporting beam is checked after being installed. The method is easy to operate, the mounting precision and efficiency of the supporting beam are improved, repeated correction caused by mounting errors is reduced, and the correction amount in the total assembly process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, and in particular to a method for positioning a balcony support beam of a large cruise ship. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of large cruise ships, external balconies are designed as standard parts for overall planning and cost-effectiveness. That is, the length, width, height, material specifications, and overall structural layout of each balcony follow uniform standards. This standardized manufacturing method has significant advantages. From a production perspective, large-scale batch production can be achieved with the help of modern production lines. During the installation process, the dimensional consistency of standard parts allows them to be quickly assembled like a puzzle.

[0003] Most cruise ship balconies are made of glass, mainly to provide passengers with an unobstructed and wide view, while creating a transparent and beautiful space experience. However, the characteristics of glass materials themselves determine that it is extremely difficult to modify after forming.

[0004] Glass is brittle and hard. Unlike metal materials, which can be changed in shape through welding, forging, etc., once glass is cut and formed, if the size is wrong, it is difficult to adjust it through conventional mechanical processing methods. For example, if the glass is slightly larger after cutting, it is impossible to remove the excess part by grinding like metal plates; if the size is smaller, it is even more impossible to supplement it by welding. Even if special processes are used to perform secondary processing on glass, it is not only costly, but may also affect the optical properties and structural strength of the glass.

[0005] This requires that the entire process of balcony construction, from raw material procurement, parts manufacturing, to each assembly link, and finally installation, must be extremely precise. Deviations in any link may result in the glass being unable to be installed or affect the overall appearance and safety.

[0006] During the construction of the cruise ship, the balcony support beams were installed individually during the segmented construction phase. This decision was based on the complex process of the overall construction of the cruise ship. The cruise ship is huge, and its construction process is divided into multiple segments. Each segment can be operated simultaneously in different work areas, just like multiple parallel production lines, which greatly improves the overall construction efficiency.

[0007] Installing support beams in the segmented stage allows for detailed installation position and angle adjustments for each support beam. For example, using high-precision measuring instruments, each support beam can be accurately positioned at a specific position in the segment to ensure that its installation angle meets the design requirements. But at the same time, this also places almost stringent requirements on the installation accuracy of the support beams. Because even if there are only extremely slight installation errors in the segmented stage, such as a 1-2 mm offset in the position of the support beam, these errors will continue to accumulate and amplify with the combination of the segments when multiple segmented groups are subsequently spliced ​​together. This may eventually lead to serious position deviations during balcony installation, making it impossible for the balcony to accurately dock with the support beam, affecting the overall installation progress and quality.

[0008] Since the balcony is designed with standard parts and the glass structure is difficult to modify, the control of segmentation accuracy becomes the key point to ensure the smooth installation of the balcony. During the segmentation construction stage, the balcony support beam is the key component for balcony installation, and its installation accuracy is crucial.

[0009] Even extremely small errors, such as the deviation of the support beam position exceeding the allowable range, may cause the balcony to be unable to align with the support beams of the adjacent sections during the assembly installation, and the glass cannot be accurately embedded in the frame. Inaccurate angles may cause the balcony to tilt as a whole, which not only affects the appearance, but may also cause safety hazards such as rainwater leakage. Once these problems occur, adjustments and repairs at the assembly stage will consume a lot of manpower and material resources. Not only will additional labor be required for rework, but related parts may also need to be re-customized, seriously delaying the construction period. Moreover, repeated correction operations may also cause damage to the completed structure, affecting the quality and safety of the entire cruise ship balcony area. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large cruise ship balcony support beam positioning method, improve the support beam installation accuracy and efficiency, reduce repeated corrections caused by installation errors, and reduce the amount of corrections in the overall assembly process.

[0011] The technical solution to achieve the above purpose is:

[0012] A method for positioning a balcony support beam of a large cruise ship, comprising:

[0013] Step S1, making a steel platform frame in sections and leveling the sheet;

[0014] Step S2, outer plate back-burning and correction;

[0015] Step S3, T-beam installation inspection and welding operation;

[0016] Step S4, marking installation lines on the panel and installing the support beams;

[0017] Step S5, inspecting the support beam after installation.

[0018] Preferably, the tire frame level of the steel platform tire frame in step S1 must be strictly controlled within ±2 mm.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, before back-burning the outer plate, a back-burning position line is drawn on the reverse side of the outer plate, and the reverse sides of all longitudinal bones are back-burned.

[0020] Preferably, the correction in step S2 refers to: checking the flatness of the outer plate, and correcting the back-burning of the reinforcing ribs at positions where the flatness exceeds the standard.

[0021] Preferably, in step S3, before installing the T-beam, the installation line is marked with the reference line of the segment head, and the marking spacing is strictly controlled within ±1mm, and the verticality and straightness are within ±3mm.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, a level meter or a total station is used to check the level of the structure before welding, and welding is performed after it is qualified and fixed.

[0023] Preferably, marking the installation lines in step S4 includes: marking the lines in the fore and stern directions of the balcony support beam installation with the bow T-beam as a reference, marking the installation lines on the panel in sequence, and checking the spacing.

[0024] Preferably, the post-installation inspection in step S5 includes: after the support beams are installed, checking the distances between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams.

[0025] Preferably, the checking of the spacing between roots and ends of adjacent support beams refers to checking in the width direction and the height direction by means of pulling wires.

[0026] Preferably, the post-installation inspection in step S5 further includes: performing an overall wire-pulling inspection on the fore and stern directions and the height direction of the balcony support beam according to the bow datum and the upper mouth datum.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention adopts a grid-type large-scale steel platform frame of specific specifications, strictly controls its horizontality, and performs a series of operations such as sheet leveling, outer plate back-burning, precise marking, installation and inspection of T-beams and balcony support beams, which not only improves the installation accuracy qualification rate of the support during the segmentation, reduces repeated corrections caused by installation errors, but also greatly reduces the correction rate during the overall assembly process. This method has the advantages of simple operation and accurate reference data. While improving the support installation accuracy, it greatly reduces the subsequent overall assembly correction workload, providing a strong guarantee for the efficient and high-quality construction of the balcony area of ​​large cruise ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of checking the deviation of the stainless steel panel in step S5 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of using a template to locate the upper and lower angles of a single support beam in step S5 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall wire-pulling test of the balcony support beam in step S5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] See also Figure 1 The large cruise ship balcony support beam positioning method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step S1, make steel platform frame in sections and level the sheet. When making the sections, use a grid-type large steel platform frame with a specification of 800mm×800mm to provide sufficient stability and operating space for the subsequent installation of the sheet and various components. And the horizontal accuracy of the frame must be strictly controlled to keep the error within ±2mm. This is the basis for all subsequent operations. Only by ensuring the high accuracy of the frame can the components installed on it be assembled in the correct position, avoiding the position deviation of the components caused by the uneven frame, and ensuring the quality of the entire section.

[0035] After placing the sheet on the tire frame, since the sheet may be deformed to a certain extent due to external forces during the early processing and transportation, it is necessary to perform leveling again to ensure that the sheet's levelness meets the requirement of ±5mm. This compensates for the deformation that may occur during the transportation and placement of the sheet, ensures that the sheet itself is in a good level state, lays the foundation for subsequent external panel installation and other processes, and avoids the impact of uneven sheets on subsequent construction accuracy and quality;

[0036] Step S2, back-burning and correction of outer plates. Before performing the back-burning operation, according to the process requirements, use professional marking tools, such as a laser marking instrument or an ink fountain with a steel ruler, to accurately mark the back-burning position line on the back of the outer plate. The laser marking instrument projects precise lines through a laser beam, which can ensure the accuracy and clarity of the marking. During the marking process, strictly follow the positions marked on the process drawings to make it clear that the back of all longitudinal bones need to be back-burned. Back-burning is a thermal processing process that deforms the plate through local heating to achieve the purpose of eliminating stress or adjusting the shape, and to prevent deformation or cracking due to stress concentration in subsequent use.

[0037] After the back-burning operation is completed, in order to ensure that the flatness of the outer plate meets the quality standards, professional flatness detection equipment such as a 3D laser scanner or a ruler combined with a feeler gauge is required for inspection. The 3D laser scanner can quickly and comprehensively obtain the 3D data of the outer plate surface, and accurately detect the location where the flatness exceeds the standard by comparing with the standard model. Once the location where the flatness exceeds the standard is found, the reinforcement at that location needs to be back-burned again for correction. During the correction process, the heating temperature, time and heating area are accurately controlled, and the deformation of the reinforcement is closely observed during the heating process until the flatness of the outer plate meets the requirements. Ensure that the flatness of the outer plate meets the quality standards and improve the quality and performance of the outer plate;

[0038] Step S3, T-beam installation inspection, welding operation. The segment head reference line is used as the starting basis, which is the key reference for the installation and positioning of the entire T-beam. Construction personnel use high-precision marking instruments, such as CNC marking machines or total stations with marking tools, to accurately mark the installation line of the T-beam. During the marking process, the total station is used to measure the distance and angle relationship between the segment head reference line and the position to be marked, and the data is transmitted to the CNC marking machine, which accurately marks the installation line according to the preset program. At the same time, use high-precision measuring tools, such as calipers, squares, etc., to strictly control the marking spacing within ±1mm to ensure that the distance between adjacent installation lines is accurate. Use a square to check the verticality of the marking, and use tools such as a laser plumb bob or a plumb bob to ensure that the straightness of the marking meets the ±3mm requirement. This is crucial to ensure the position accuracy of the T-beam after installation, because the T-beam is an important load-bearing component in the ship structure, and the accuracy of its installation position is directly related to whether other components connected to it, such as decks, side panels, etc., can be installed correctly, as well as the load-bearing performance and stability of the entire structure.

[0039] When installing the T-beam, the prefabricated T-beam is hoisted to the installation position by a crane. The construction workers use positioning tools and measuring tools, such as jacks, wedges, and spirit levels, to accurately adjust the T-beam to the marked position and ensure its verticality and horizontality. After the installation is completed, a high-precision spirit level or total station is required to check the level of the structure. The spirit level measures the angle between the upper surface of the T-beam and the horizontal reference plane to convert its horizontal deviation. The total station calculates its horizontality by measuring the spatial coordinates of multiple characteristic points on the T-beam. Only when the structural level meets the requirements of ±4mm can special fixtures, such as bolt fixtures and welding fixtures, be used to fix the T-beam to prevent it from shifting during the welding process. Then the welding operation is carried out. During the welding process, the thermal stress generated by welding will cause the structure to deform. Therefore, ensuring that the structural level meets the requirements before welding can effectively reduce the impact of welding deformation. During welding, by reasonably selecting welding process parameters, such as welding current, voltage, welding speed, welding sequence, etc., and adopting appropriate anti-deformation measures, such as rigid fixation method, anti-deformation method, etc., welding deformation can be further controlled to ensure the quality and accuracy of T-beam after installation and reduce the impact of welding deformation;

[0040] Step S4, draw the installation line on the panel and install the support beam. The marking line in the bow and stern direction (X value) is based on the bow T-beam. Starting from the specific reference point on the bow T-beam, the installation lines are drawn along the panel of the balcony support beam in sequence. During the marking process, a caliper is used to accurately measure the distance from the previous line for each drawn line to ensure that the spacing between each installation line is accurate and meets the design requirements, providing an accurate support structure for the balcony installation. For example, through multiple measurements and calibrations, the spacing error between adjacent installation lines is controlled within a very small range, and the spacing deviation is generally required to be no more than ±1mm.

[0041] Positioning in the width direction (Y value) Position the support beam in the width direction according to the dimensions given in the drawing. The positioning mold is a special tooling pre-made according to the design dimensions. By matching and installing the support beam with the positioning mold, the position of the support beam in the width direction can be quickly and accurately determined. In particular, the dimensional deviation from the stainless steel panel at the end of the support beam to the outer plate should be controlled to keep it within the range of ±5mm. Use a high-precision rangefinder, such as a laser rangefinder, to measure the distance between the stainless steel panel at the end of the support beam and the outer plate, and compare it with the design dimensions to ensure the consistency of the width direction of the support beam on the same deck, and ensure the beautiful installation and structural stability of the balcony.

[0042] The deck above the height direction (Z value) is used as the reference. According to the drawing size, use a level and a steel ruler to mark the installation lines of the support beams in the height direction in sequence, and ensure that the installation spacing deviation is controlled within ±1mm. For example, first set a fixed level point on the deck, set up the level at a suitable position, look back at the level point, look forward at the position to be marked, read the height difference data, calculate the marking position according to the height difference and design size, and use a marking pen or other marking tools to accurately mark the safety line.

[0043] Use pre-made templates to determine the upper and lower angles of a single support beam. The template is a standard angle part made precisely according to design requirements. The construction personnel compare the template with the support beam and adjust the angle of the support beam to make it fit the template perfectly, thereby determining the correct installation angle of the support beam and installing it;

[0044] Step S5, perform post-installation inspection on the support beams. After the support beams are installed, the spacing between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams in the bow and stern directions needs to be checked to ensure that the installation positions are correct. Figure 2 In the width direction (Y value), the wire drawing method is used to check the deviation of the stainless steel panel of the support beam on the same deck to ensure the consistency of the support beam in the width direction. Figure 3 A template is used in the height direction (Z value) to determine the upper and lower angles of a single support beam. After installation, the support beams on the same deck are checked using the same wire pulling method to ensure that all support beams meet the design requirements in terms of height direction and angle.

[0045] refer to Figure 4 According to the bow reference and upper mouth reference, the balcony support beam is tested in the bow and stern direction (X value) and height direction (Z value). If the size is found to be deviated, it should be adjusted on site to reach the correct position to ensure the accuracy of the balcony support beam installation.

[0046] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the relevant technical field may make various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also belong to the scope of the present invention and should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for positioning a large cruise ship balcony support beam, characterized in that: include: Step S1, making a steel platform frame in sections and leveling the sheet; Step S2, outer plate back-burning and correction; Step S3, T-beam installation inspection and welding operation; Step S4, marking installation lines on the panel and installing the support beams; Step S5, inspecting the support beam after installation.

2. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the tire frame level of the steel platform tire frame is controlled within ±2 mm.

3. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, before the outer plate is back-burned, a back-burning position line is drawn on the back side of the outer plate, and the back sides of all longitudinal bones are back-burned.

4. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The correction in step S2 refers to: checking the flatness of the outer plate and correcting the ribs at positions where the flatness exceeds the standard by back-burning.

5. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, before the T-beam is installed, the installation line is marked with the reference line of the segment head, and the marking spacing is strictly controlled to be within ±1mm, and the verticality and straightness are within ±3mm.

6. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, a level meter or a total station is used to check the level of the structure before welding, and welding is performed after the structure is qualified and fixed.

7. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: Marking the installation lines in step S4 includes: marking the balcony support beam installation lines in the bow and stern directions with the bow T-beam as a reference, marking the installation lines on the panel in sequence, and checking the spacing.

8. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-installation inspection in step S5 includes: after the support beams are installed, checking the distances between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams.

9. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 8, characterized in that: The checking of the distance between the roots and ends of adjacent support beams refers to checking in the width direction and the height direction by means of pulling wires.

10. The method for positioning the balcony support beam of a large cruise ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-installation inspection in step S5 further includes: performing an overall wire-drawing inspection on the fore and stern directions and the height direction of the balcony support beam according to the bow reference and the upper mouth reference.

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