A method for graded and zoned durability protection of excavated slope slag dumps

Abstract

This application discloses a method for graded and zoned durability control of excavated slope debris dumps, belonging to the field of geological disaster management and ecological restoration technology. The method first conducts a detailed investigation of the excavated slope of the collapsed debris dump to obtain basic data. Then, based on this data and the actual slope conditions, it performs overall and local stability evaluations to obtain the overall and local stability status of the excavated slope. Based on deformation and failure characteristics and stability status, the slope is divided into zones and tiers, and the results of these zones and tiers are integrated. Finally, based on the comprehensive results of these zones and tiers, corresponding geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans are formulated. This method addresses the characteristics of slopes in different regions and at different levels, organically combining geological disaster management and ecological restoration. It can improve slope stability, reduce the risk of collapse and landslides, ensure project safety, promote ecological protection and restoration, reduce the negative impact of disasters on the surrounding ecology, achieve a win-win situation for project construction and ecological protection, and lay the foundation for sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geological disaster management and ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a method for the zoned and graded durable prevention and control of excavated slope slag dumps. Background Technology

[0002] Landslide deposits are accumulations formed by geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows. Their composition and structure are heterogeneous. Given the unique and unstable nature of landslide deposits, coupled with complex geological conditions, construction risks are significantly increased. Excavation of slopes often leads to slope instability, subsequently triggering landslides and other geological disasters. These disasters not only threaten engineering safety but also severely impact the surrounding ecological environment. Therefore, a prevention and control technology that combines geological disaster management with ecological restoration is urgently needed for excavating slopes around landslide deposits.

[0003] Currently, there are still some problems that urgently need to be solved in the ecological management of engineering slopes of landslide deposits and the zonal evaluation of large landslide deposits. Most of the existing ecological management methods take soil slopes and rock slopes as research objects, without taking into account the unique engineering geological characteristics of landslide deposits, such as loose structure, mixed material composition (soil and rock mixture), large differences in permeability, and dynamic changes in stability. Moreover, the technologies and methods for ecological management of landslide slopes are not yet mature. There is an urgent need to carry out more in-depth research and exploration in combination with the unique engineering geological characteristics of landslide deposit slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a method for the graded and zoned durability prevention of slopes in excavated muck dumps, which effectively improves the stability of slopes in excavated muck dumps while achieving effective protection and restoration of the ecological environment, providing an innovative solution to the problem of excavated slopes in collapsed muck dumps.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect of this application, a method for graded and zoned durability protection of excavated slope slag dumps is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] S1: Conduct a detailed investigation of the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain basic survey data;

[0008] S2: Based on the basic survey data and the actual situation of the excavated slope, the overall and local stability of the excavated slope are evaluated to obtain the overall and local stability status of the excavated slope;

[0009] S3: Based on the deformation and failure characteristics and the stable state, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades, and the zone and grade results are integrated to obtain a comprehensive zone and grade result;

[0010] S4: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and grading of the excavated slopes, formulate corresponding geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans.

[0011] Furthermore, in S1, a detailed investigation is conducted on the excavation slope of the collapsed accumulation body to obtain basic survey data, including:

[0012] S101: Conduct a geological environment survey on the excavated slope of the collapsed accumulation body to obtain basic geological element survey data;

[0013] S102: Conduct an ecological environment survey on the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain the original vegetation community and soil basic survey data;

[0014] S103: Investigate the wound characteristics of the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain basic investigation data on the excavated wound, slope and soil mass.

[0015] Furthermore, S2 includes an overall and local stability evaluation of the excavated slope, including:

[0016] S201: Based on the basic survey data and the actual situation of the slope, the overall stability analysis is performed using the limit equilibrium method to obtain the slope stability state;

[0017] S202: Based on the slope stability state, generate slope stability zones, wherein the slope stability zones include dangerous zones, locally dangerous zones, locally safe zones, and safe zones;

[0018] S203: The stability of the local hazardous area is analyzed using numerical analysis.

[0019] Furthermore, the overall stability analysis using the limit equilibrium method includes:

[0020] The excavated slope is divided into several blocks, and equilibrium equations are established between these blocks. The overall stability coefficient of the excavated slope is calculated using the equilibrium equation, wherein... Indicates the stability safety factor. Indicates anti-slip force. It indicates downward force.

[0021] Furthermore, the local danger zone is a stability safety factor. The area.

[0022] Furthermore, the stability analysis of the local hazardous area is performed using numerical analysis, including:

[0023] A1: Based on the elevation data and geological data of the local danger zone, a geometric model is constructed, and the geometric model is meshed to obtain the numerical model of the geometric model;

[0024] A2: Select a numerical analysis method and a material constitutive model for the numerical model;

[0025] A3: Input the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the material into the numerical model and set the boundary conditions to perform initial stress field analysis;

[0026] A4: Use the strength reduction method to solve for the slope safety factor of the local danger zone;

[0027] A5: Based on the slope safety factor, perform displacement and strain analysis to determine potential sliding surfaces and potential danger zones.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S3, based on the deformation and failure characteristics and the stability state of the excavated slope, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades, and the zone and grade results are integrated to obtain a comprehensive zone and grade result, including:

[0029] S301: Based on the on-site survey and analysis of the actual three-dimensional numerical model, the deformation and failure characteristics were obtained;

[0030] S302: The excavated slope is divided into zones and grades according to different indicators in the deformation and failure characteristics and the stable state;

[0031] S303: Based on the different indicators and the stable state of the partitioning and grading results, generate a comprehensive partitioning and grading result.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S302, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades based on different indicators in the deformation and failure characteristics and the stability state, including:

[0033] Based on the erosion failure modes in the aforementioned deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope is divided into erosion failure mode zones.

[0034] Based on the slope data in the deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope surface is divided into slope zones and grades.

[0035] Based on the data on the rock content in the deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades based on the rock content.

[0036] Further, in step S303, based on the partitioning and grading results of the different indicators and the stable state, a comprehensive partitioning and grading result is generated, including:

[0037] Based on the data of erosion damage mode zoning, slope zoning and classification and rock content zoning and classification in S3, an intersection operation is performed to obtain the comprehensive zoning and classification results of the excavated slope.

[0038] Furthermore, in S4, based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and grading of the excavated slope, corresponding geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans are formulated, including:

[0039] S401: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and hierarchical classification, a geological disaster management plan shall be formulated for each zone;

[0040] S402: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and hierarchical classification, formulate an ecological restoration plan for each zone;

[0041] S403: Couple the geological disaster management plan and the ecological restoration plan of each zone to obtain an integrated geological disaster and ecological restoration plan.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The method for zoning and grading the durability prevention of excavated slope slag dumps provided by this application involves conducting a detailed investigation of the excavated slope of the collapsed slag dump, obtaining comprehensive and accurate basic survey data, laying a solid foundation for subsequent stability assessment. Simultaneously, based on the basic survey data and the actual condition of the excavated slope, overall and local stability assessments can be conducted, clearly understanding the stability state of the excavated slope. By zoning and grading the excavated slope according to deformation and failure characteristics and slope stability state, and integrating the grading results to obtain a comprehensive result, it is helpful to accurately allocate resources according to the characteristics of different regions and different levels of slopes, avoiding excessive investment in areas with good stability, and ensuring that high-risk areas are adequately treated, thereby achieving optimal resource allocation, improving treatment efficiency, and reducing treatment costs. Furthermore, by formulating geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans based on the comprehensive results of regional and hierarchical classification, the organic integration of geological disaster management and ecological restoration has been achieved. This not only effectively improves the stability of excavated slopes, reduces the risk of geological disasters such as collapses and landslides, and ensures project safety, but also promotes the protection and restoration of the ecological environment, reduces the negative impact of geological disasters on the surrounding ecology, achieves a win-win situation for project construction and ecological protection, and lays a solid foundation for sustainable development.

[0043] This zoning and grading durable prevention and control method fully considers the characteristics of slopes and the requirements for long-term stability. The proposed scheme has good durability and can maintain the stability of the slope for a long period of time, continuously exert the ecological restoration effect, reduce the later maintenance costs and repeated treatment costs, provide strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the project and the long-term improvement of the ecological environment, and bring significant long-term benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for zoning and grading the durability prevention of excavated slope slag dumps provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the erosion and damage mode partitioning of the implementation area provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slope zoning of the implementation area provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 4 This application provides a map showing the zoning of stone content in the implementation area for an embodiment of the application.

[0049] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the comprehensive restoration and treatment scheme for the implementation area provided in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the method for graded and partitioned durability prevention of excavated slope slag dumping bodies provided in this application embodiment, the following will exemplarily illustrate one possible application scenario of the method. It is understood that the following example is only one possible application scenario of the method for graded and partitioned durability prevention of excavated slope slag dumping bodies provided in this application embodiment. In other possible embodiments, the method for graded and partitioned durability prevention of excavated slope slag dumping bodies provided in this application embodiment can also be applied to other possible application scenarios. The following example does not impose any limitations on this.

[0052] During the construction of the access road to a hydropower station, a triangular excavation slope was formed by excavating the landslide debris. Using this landslide debris as the implementation area, the excavation slope is approximately 220m long, 80m high, and 50m high on average, with an area of ​​approximately 7500m². 2The excavation created an opening approximately 300 meters long, which is currently in a state of extreme equilibrium. Even slight external disturbance could cause it to collapse, leading to rockfalls and increasing the rock content of the slope. Below the opening, several highly unstable, open cavities of varying sizes have developed, which are extremely prone to landslides under continuous erosion. The road excavation not only damages the original natural environment but also increases the risk of geological disasters, thus necessitating an urgent method for the repair and management of excavated slopes containing landslide debris.

[0053] However, existing ecological management methods mainly focus on soil slopes and rock slopes. The ecological management technologies and methods for landslide slopes are not yet mature enough, and further in-depth research and exploration are needed, taking into account the engineering geological characteristics of landslide accumulation slopes.

[0054] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a method for graded and zoned durability protection of excavated slope slag dumps, which can be found in [reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for graded and segmented durability protection of excavated slope slag dumps provided in this application, comprising:

[0055] S1: Conduct a detailed investigation of the excavated slope of the collapsed accumulation body to obtain basic survey data.

[0056] Optionally, S1 specifically includes:

[0057] S101: Conduct a geological environment survey on the excavated slope of the collapsed accumulation body to obtain basic geological element survey data;

[0058] S102: Conduct an ecological environment survey on the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain the original vegetation community and soil basic survey data;

[0059] S103: Investigate the wound characteristics of the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain basic investigation data on the excavated wound, slope and soil mass.

[0060] In one possible implementation, a geological environment survey is conducted on the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit. The survey mainly utilizes geological survey methods such as drilling, trenching, and engineering geological mapping to conduct a detailed investigation of elements such as lithology, meteorology, hydrology, tectonics, and surface erosion in the area. The survey results show that the implementation area is located in a high mountain canyon area with relatively strong tectonic activity. The slope lithology is Quaternary colluvial deposits, the climate is a typical dry and hot valley climate, surface erosion is relatively strong, and soil and water loss on the excavated slope is relatively serious.

[0061] In one possible embodiment, an ecological environment survey was conducted on the excavated slope of the landslide deposit. The main method used was plant quadrat survey to investigate the composition, distribution, and coverage of the original vegetation community. Soil structure and soil nutrients were analyzed using methods such as measured profiles, sampling, sieving, and laboratory analysis. The survey results showed that the original vegetation community in the implementation area was a combination of shrubs and grasses. The shrubs mainly included Vitex negundo, Forsythia suspensa, and Forsythia suspensa, while the herbs mainly included alfalfa, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Artemisia argyi. The shrubs were widely distributed, mainly in the middle of the slopes on both sides of the canyon, while the herbs were distributed in the shade of the shrubs. The overall vegetation coverage was about 40-50%. The soil structure in the implementation area was blocky, and the soil nutrients were poor, showing deficiencies in nitrogen and potassium.

[0062] In one possible implementation, the characteristics of the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit are investigated. This is primarily achieved through field surveys and UAV aerial surveys to determine the scale and morphology of the excavated surface, as well as the material composition and distribution of the slope. Laboratory geotechnical tests are used to obtain physical and mechanical parameters of the soil and rock mass in the excavated area, such as shear strength and permeability coefficient. The investigation results indicate that the excavated slope in the implementation area is triangular, approximately 220m long, with a maximum height of about 60m, an average height of 35m, and an area of ​​approximately 7500m². 2 The slope is mainly composed of gravelly soil, with an internal friction angle of 35°, a cohesion of 45.4 ka, and a permeability coefficient of 25 m / d.

[0063] S2: Based on the basic survey data and the actual situation of the excavated slope, the overall and local stability of the excavated slope are evaluated to obtain the overall and local stability status of the excavated slope.

[0064] Optionally, S2 specifically includes:

[0065] S201: Based on the basic survey data and the actual situation of the slope, the overall stability analysis is performed using the limit equilibrium method to obtain the overall stability state of the slope;

[0066] S202: Based on the overall stability state of the slope, generate slope stability zones, wherein the slope stability zones include dangerous zones, locally dangerous zones, locally safe zones, and safe zones;

[0067] S203: The stability of the local hazardous area is analyzed using numerical analysis.

[0068] Furthermore, the overall stability analysis using the limit equilibrium method includes:

[0069] The excavated slope is divided into several blocks, and a balance equation is established between the blocks. The stability coefficient of the excavated slope is then calculated using the balance equation.

[0070] In one possible implementation, it is assumed that a slip surface exists when the slope is in a state of limit equilibrium, and the slope is divided into several blocks along the slip surface. Limit equilibrium equations are established between the blocks, and the overall stability coefficient is obtained by solving the equations. The limit equilibrium equations are as follows:

[0071]

[0072] in, Indicates the stability safety factor. T represents the anti-slip force, and T represents the sliding force.

[0073] Optional, A value less than 1.0 indicates instability; this region is a danger zone. A value less than or equal to 1.0 indicates instability. A value <1.05 indicates instability, and this region is a local danger zone; 1.0 ≤ A value <1.05 indicates basic stability; this region is a locally safe zone. A value ≤1.15 indicates stability. This indicates that the situation is stable and the area is a safe zone.

[0074] Furthermore, the stability analysis of the local hazardous area is performed using numerical analysis, including:

[0075] A1: Based on the elevation data and geological data of the local danger zone, a geometric model is constructed, and the geometric model is meshed to obtain the numerical model of the geometric model;

[0076] A2: Select a numerical analysis method and a material constitutive model for the numerical model;

[0077] A3: Input the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the material into the numerical model and set the boundary conditions to perform initial stress field analysis;

[0078] A4: Use the strength reduction method to solve for the slope safety factor of the local danger zone;

[0079] A5: Based on the slope safety factor, perform displacement and strain analysis to determine potential sliding surfaces and potential danger zones.

[0080] In one possible implementation, stability analysis of localized hazardous areas is performed using numerical analysis: First, a geometric model and mesh generation are constructed using elevation data and geological data. During mesh generation, the mesh should be fined in potential sliding areas (such as slope toes and weak interlayers). Second, a suitable numerical analysis method (finite element method, finite difference method, etc.) is selected. Third, a material constitutive model is selected, such as the Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the Drucker-Prag criterion. Fourth, basic physical and mechanical parameters of the material are input (such as unit weight, angle of internal friction, permeability coefficient, elastic modulus, etc.). Step 5: Set boundary conditions, including displacement boundary conditions (fixing the bottom and lateral displacement of the model), and load application conditions (gravity load, pore water pressure, etc.); Step 6: Initial stress field analysis, mainly including initial ground stress equilibrium analysis, simulating the stress distribution of the slope under natural conditions, while ensuring that the initial vertical stress and horizontal stress are consistent with reality; Step 7: Solve the slope safety factor using the strength reduction method; Step 8: Displacement and strain analysis, analyze displacement to determine the potential sliding surface, and analyze the distribution of plastic zones (such as shear strain concentration areas) to determine potential dangerous areas.

[0081] S3: Based on the deformation and failure characteristics and the stable state, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades, and the zone and grade results are integrated to obtain a comprehensive zone and grade result.

[0082] Optionally, S3 includes:

[0083] S301: Based on the on-site survey and analysis of the real-world 3D numerical model, the deformation and failure characteristics were obtained.

[0084] In one possible embodiment, the deformation failure feature may be the development characteristics of tension cracks, the basic characteristics of the deformation failure zone, and the deformation failure mode.

[0085] S302: The excavated slope is divided into zones and grades according to different indicators in the deformation and failure characteristics and the stable state, specifically including:

[0086] Based on the erosion failure modes in the aforementioned deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope is divided into erosion failure mode zones.

[0087] Based on the slope data in the deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope surface is divided into slope zones and grades.

[0088] Based on the data on the rock content in the deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades based on the rock content.

[0089] In one possible embodiment, the excavated slope is partitioned into erosion failure mode zones based on basic survey data and erosion failure characteristics, as shown in the example... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the open-line collapse zone, the steep slippery scattering zone, the medium-gradient gravel resting zone, and the gently breaking rock stable zone.

[0090] Among them, the erosion and damage modes of excavated slopes can be gravity erosion, wind erosion, and water erosion.

[0091] In one possible implementation, slope data from the basic survey data is analyzed. This primarily involves generating a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from UAV aerial survey data containing elevation information using a 3D reality model. Then, the slope is extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS's slope analysis function. Finally, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades according to suitable slope ranges. The implementation area is divided into three regions: A (30~35°), B (35~40°), and C (40~45°). Slope zoning can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slope zoning of the implementation area provided in this application embodiment.

[0092] It's understandable that ArcGIS is a powerful Geographic Information System (GIS) software developed by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) in the United States. Slope extraction and analysis in ArcGIS typically utilizes ArcGIS Pro or ArcMap software. Taking ArcGIS Pro as an example, in ArcGIS Pro, the prepared DEM data is added to the map. The slope tool is opened, parameters are set to calculate the slope, and the results are automatically added to the map after calculation. The software system selects a symbology and appropriate symbolization method, such as "grading colors," to divide the slope values ​​into different levels and assign different colors to each level for intuitive observation of slope distribution. The "Summary Statistics" tool is used for more detailed statistical analysis of the slope data, such as calculating the area of ​​different slope levels. The "Reclassification" tool is used to divide the slope values ​​into different levels according to actual needs, for example, dividing the slope into three regions: A (30~35°), B (35~40°), and C (40~45°).

[0093] In one possible embodiment, the high-resolution orthophotos of the UAV in the survey data are binarized, and then particle size analysis software is used to perform particle size analysis. The content of particles with a diameter greater than 5 mm is referred to as the stone content. Finally, the stone content of the excavated slope is divided into three regions: A (15~45%), B (5~15%), and C (45~75%). The stone content zoning can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a zoning map of the stone content of the implementation area provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0094] Understandably, a high-resolution orthophoto image from a drone is an image with high resolution and orthophoto characteristics acquired by the camera equipment carried by the drone. It can truly reflect the shape, location, and texture information of ground objects. Binarization is the process of converting the gray value of each pixel in such an image into only two values ​​(usually 0 and 255, representing black and white respectively). The processed image is called a binary image.

[0095] S303: Based on the different indicators and the stable state of the partitioning and grading results, generate a comprehensive partitioning and grading result.

[0096] Optionally, based on the data of erosion damage mode zoning, slope zoning and classification and rock content zoning and classification in S3, an intersection operation is performed to obtain the comprehensive result of the zoning and classification of the excavated slope.

[0097] S4: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and grading of the excavated slopes, formulate corresponding geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans, specifically including:

[0098] S401: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and hierarchical classification, formulate a geological disaster management plan for each zone.

[0099] S402: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and hierarchical classification, formulate an ecological restoration plan for each zone.

[0100] In one possible embodiment, from the perspective of geological disaster management, a corresponding management plan is formulated for each zone. This could involve using material reinforcement and active netting protection measures at the opening line, using slope clearing and slope reinforcement measures for the open cavity, using gravity retaining walls and passive netting protection measures at the slope toe, and using flexible intercepting drainage ditches to divert the gullies at the rear edge of the opening line.

[0101] S403: Couple the geological disaster management plan and the ecological restoration plan of each zone to obtain an integrated geological disaster and ecological restoration plan.

[0102] In one possible embodiment, from the perspective of ecological restoration, a corresponding ecological restoration plan is formulated for each zone. For areas with steep slopes (40~45°), the measures of rebar installation + double-layer netting + spraying soil are adopted; for areas with relatively large slopes (35~40°), the measures of rebar installation + single-layer hook netting + spraying soil are adopted; and for areas with gentle slopes (30~35°), the measures of slope clearing + spraying soil are adopted, wherein the sprayed soil contains native plant seeds.

[0103] In one possible embodiment, the geological disaster management plan for each sub-region of the implementation area is coupled with the ecological restoration plan to obtain a more suitable integrated geological disaster and ecological restoration plan. The comprehensive restoration and management plan for the implementation area profile is shown below. Figure 5 .

[0104] An investigation of the restored slopes revealed that the gravel deposits at the opening line formed a unified whole, significantly enhancing overall stability and creating a stark contrast with the untreated areas. The vegetation on the excavated slope surface has formed a relatively complete community with an overall coverage rate of approximately 85%, indicating that soil erosion has been curbed and geological hazards have been effectively controlled.

[0105] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The method for zoning and grading the durability prevention of excavated slope slag dumps provided by this application involves conducting a detailed investigation of the excavated slope of the collapsed slag dump, obtaining comprehensive and accurate basic survey data, laying a solid foundation for subsequent stability assessment. Simultaneously, supported by the basic survey data and the actual condition of the excavated slope, overall and local stability assessments can be conducted, clearly grasping the overall and local stability status of the excavated slope. Based on deformation and failure characteristics and stability status, the excavated slope is zoned and graded, and the grading results are integrated to obtain a comprehensive result. This helps to accurately allocate resources according to the characteristics of different regions and different levels of slopes, avoiding excessive investment in areas with good stability, and ensuring that high-risk areas are adequately treated, thereby achieving optimal resource allocation, improving treatment efficiency, and reducing treatment costs. Furthermore, by formulating geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans based on the comprehensive results of regional and hierarchical classification, the organic integration of geological disaster management and ecological restoration has been achieved. This not only effectively improves the stability of excavated slopes, reduces the risk of geological disasters such as collapses and landslides, and ensures project safety, but also promotes the protection and restoration of the ecological environment, reduces the negative impact of geological disasters on the surrounding ecology, achieves a win-win situation for project construction and ecological protection, and lays a solid foundation for sustainable development.

[0106] This zoning and grading durable prevention and control method fully considers the characteristics of slopes and the requirements for long-term stability. The proposed scheme has good durability and can maintain the stability of the slope for a long period of time, continuously exert the ecological restoration effect, reduce the later maintenance costs and repeated treatment costs, provide strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the project and the long-term improvement of the ecological environment, and bring significant long-term benefits.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are intended to help the reader understand the principles of this application, and should be understood as not limiting the scope of protection of this application to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in this application without departing from the spirit of this application, and such modifications and combinations are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for graded and zoned durability protection of slopes in excavated muck dumps, characterized in that, The method includes: S1: Conduct a detailed investigation of the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain basic survey data; S2: Based on the basic survey data and the actual situation of the excavated slope, the overall and local stability of the excavated slope are evaluated to obtain the overall and local stability status of the excavated slope; S3: Based on the deformation and failure characteristics and the stable state, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades, and the zone and grade results are integrated to obtain a comprehensive zone and grade result; S4: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and grading of the excavated slope, formulate corresponding geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans; S3 includes: S301: Based on the on-site survey and analysis of the actual three-dimensional numerical model, the deformation and failure characteristics were obtained; S302: The excavated slope is divided into zones and grades according to different indicators in the deformation and failure characteristics and the stable state; S303: Based on the different indicators and the stable state, generate a comprehensive partitioned and graded result; In step S302, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades based on different indicators in the deformation and failure characteristics and the stability state, including: Based on the erosion failure modes in the aforementioned deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope is divided into erosion failure mode zones. Based on the slope data in the deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope is divided into slope zones and grades. Based on the data on the rock content in the deformation and failure characteristics, the excavated slope is divided into zones and grades according to the rock content. In step S303, based on the partitioning and grading results of the different indicators and the stable state, a comprehensive partitioning and grading result is generated, including: Based on the data of erosion damage mode zoning, slope zoning and classification and rock content zoning and classification in S3, an intersection operation is performed to obtain the comprehensive zoning and classification results of the excavated slope.

2. The method for graded and segmented durable slope protection of excavated slope slag dumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, a detailed investigation is conducted on the excavation slope of the collapsed accumulation body to obtain basic survey data, including: S101: Conduct a geological environment survey on the excavated slope of the collapsed accumulation body to obtain basic geological element survey data; S102: Conduct an ecological environment survey on the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain the original vegetation community and soil basic survey data; S103: Investigate the wound characteristics of the excavated slope of the collapsed deposit to obtain basic investigation data on the excavated wound, slope and soil mass.

3. The method for graded and segmented durable slope protection of excavated slope slag dumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S2 section describes the overall and local stability evaluation of the excavated slope, including: S201: Based on the basic survey data and the actual situation of the slope, the overall stability analysis is performed using the limit equilibrium method to obtain the overall stability state of the slope; S202: Based on the overall stability state of the slope, generate slope stability zones, wherein the slope stability zones include dangerous zones, locally dangerous zones, locally safe zones, and safe zones; S203: The stability of the local hazardous area is analyzed using numerical analysis.

4. The method for graded and zoned durability protection of excavated slope slag dumps according to claim 3, characterized in that, The overall stability analysis using the limit equilibrium method includes: The excavated slope is divided into several blocks, and the equilibrium equations between the blocks are established: The overall stability coefficient of the excavated slope is calculated using the equilibrium equation, wherein... Indicates the stability safety factor. Indicates anti-slip force. It indicates downward force.

5. The method for graded and zoned durability protection of excavated slope slag dumps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The local danger zone is the stability safety factor. The area.

6. The method for graded and segmented durable slope protection of excavated slope slag dumps according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stability analysis of the local hazardous area was performed using numerical analysis, including: A1: Based on the elevation data and geological data of the local danger zone, a geometric model is constructed, and the geometric model is meshed to obtain the numerical model of the geometric model; A2: Select a numerical analysis method and a material constitutive model for the numerical model; A3: Input the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the material into the numerical model and set the boundary conditions to perform initial stress field analysis; A4: Use the strength reduction method to solve for the slope safety factor of the local danger zone; A5: Based on the slope safety factor, perform displacement and strain analysis to determine potential sliding surfaces and potential danger zones.

7. The method for graded and segmented durable slope protection of excavated slope slag dumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S4 section, based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and grading of the excavated slope, formulates corresponding geological disaster management and ecological restoration plans, including: S401: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and hierarchical classification, a geological disaster management plan shall be formulated for each zone; S402: Based on the comprehensive results of the zoning and hierarchical classification, formulate an ecological restoration plan for each zone; S403: Couple the geological disaster management plan and the ecological restoration plan of each zone to obtain an integrated geological disaster and ecological restoration plan.

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