Overflow and leakage co-existing crack simulator, experimental device, method and application of overflow and leakage co-existing crack simulator and experimental device

Abstract

The invention relates to an overflow and leakage coexistence crack simulator, an experiment device, a method and application of the overflow and leakage coexistence crack simulator, and belongs to the technical field of well drilling. The overflow and leakage coexistence crack simulator comprises a crack simulation assembly, a liquid leakage box and a gas overflow box, and the side face of the liquid leakage box and the side face of the gas overflow box are parallel and oppositely arranged; the angles between the two ends of the crack simulation assembly and the side faces of the liquid leakage box and the gas overflow box are adjusted, so that the included angle between a fluid channel in a crack plate combination of the crack simulation assembly and the horizontal plane is changed, and inclination of the fluid channel of the crack simulation assembly is achieved. The invention discloses an overflow and leakage co-existing crack simulator. The problem that an existing overflow and leakage co-existing crack simulator cannot simulate inclined cracks is successfully solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling, and in particular relates to a fracture simulator with spillage and leakage coexisting, an experimental device, a method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fractured oil and gas reservoirs are widely distributed throughout the world, and fracture systems are the main reservoirs and flow channels for formation fluids in fractured oil and gas reservoirs. When drilling in fractured oil and gas reservoirs, there is a common problem of coexistence of spills and leaks when drilling into fracture systems. The occurrence of coexistence of spills and leaks will complicate the fluid exchange and pressure transmission in the formation-wellbore system, and then cause instantaneous and drastic changes in wellbore pressure, seriously affecting well control safety. In addition, for shallow high-permeability formations, even if there is no fracture system, there is also the coexistence of spills and leaks in the same layer due to the extremely high permeability of the reservoir matrix. The coexistence of spills and leaks is crucial to wellbore pressure control during drilling, and is directly related to well control safety.

[0003] At present, some experimental and numerical simulation research has been carried out on the problem of leakage and spillage in oil and gas drilling. However, due to the limitations of experimental methods, the existing research mainly focuses on vertical fractures encountered during drilling. However, the fracture morphology in actual formations is complex and diverse, and fractures are rarely absolutely vertical. The research on the problem of leakage and spillage under different fracture inclination angles still needs to be further developed. In addition, the existing research mainly focuses on the problem of leakage and spillage in the fracture system encountered during drilling, but there is a serious lack of research on the problem of leakage and spillage in the reservoir matrix of high permeability formations.

[0004] In view of this situation, it is necessary to develop experimental equipment and methods that can simulate the coexistence of leakage in fractured formations and high permeability formations with different fracture inclinations, so as to further study the mechanism and key control factors of the coexistence of leakage, provide support for solving the complex wellbore problems caused by the coexistence of leakage, and ensure the safety of wellbore flow in oil and gas drilling.

[0005] In summary, the existing crack simulation devices with spills cannot simulate inclined cracks. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a crack simulator with leakage and an experimental device, method and application thereof, so as to solve the problem that the existing crack simulation device with leakage cannot simulate inclined cracks.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a crack simulator with spillage and leakage, comprising:

[0009] A crack simulation component comprises a crack plate assembly, wherein the crack plate assembly comprises a front support plate and a rear guard plate, wherein the rear guard plate is detachably connected to the front support plate to form the crack plate assembly; a left disc and a right disc are respectively fixed at both ends of the front support plate of the crack plate assembly, wherein a fluid channel is arranged inside the crack plate assembly, wherein the fluid channel inside the crack plate assembly is a crack or a permeation layer, wherein the left disc and the right disc are respectively provided with through holes, wherein the through holes of the left disc and the right disc are respectively connected to the fluid channel inside the crack plate assembly;

[0010] The liquid leakage box and the air overflow box have their sides detachably connected to the two ends of the seam plate assembly, and the through hole of the left disc is connected to the interior of the liquid leakage box, and the through hole of the right disc is connected to the interior of the air overflow box;

[0011] Among them, the sides of the liquid leakage box and the air overflow box are parallel to each other and arranged opposite to each other, and the angles of the two ends of the crack simulation component and the sides of the liquid leakage box and the air overflow box are adjusted respectively, so that the angle between the fluid channel in the seam plate assembly of the crack simulation component and the horizontal plane changes, thereby realizing the inclination of the fluid channel of the crack simulation component.

[0012] Optionally, the fluid channel inside the seam plate assembly is a crack, and the angle between the crack of the crack simulation component and the horizontal plane constitutes a crack inclination angle. First, the two ends of the crack simulation component are respectively removed from the sides of the liquid leakage box and the gas overflow box, and after rotating the crack simulation component, the two ends of the crack simulation component are respectively installed on the sides of the liquid leakage box and the gas overflow box, so that the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component changes;

[0013] Wherein, the leakage liquid box is used to carry the leaked liquid;

[0014] The overflow box is used to carry the overflowed gas;

[0015] The leaked liquid and the overflowed gas are mixed in the cracks of the crack simulation component to form a gas-liquid mixture, so as to carry out the simulation experiment of leakage coexistence under different crack inclination angles.

[0016] Furthermore, the seam plate assembly further comprises a front seam plate and a rear seam plate.

[0017] The rear guard plate is formed by stacking the front seam plate and the rear seam plate in sequence from front to back and fastening them on the front support plate through a plurality of bolts;

[0018] Wherein, a gap is left between the front seam plate and the rear seam plate to form a crack, which serves as a fluid channel inside the seam plate assembly.

[0019] Preferably, the surface of the front seam plate corresponding to the rear seam plate and the surface of the rear seam plate corresponding to the front seam plate are respectively set as rough surfaces to simulate a rough crack section.

[0020] Furthermore, the seam plate assembly also includes a first cushion layer and a second cushion layer, and the rear guard plate is formed by stacking and fastening the first cushion layer, the front seam plate, the rear seam plate and the second cushion layer in sequence from front to back on the front support plate through a plurality of bolts.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom end of the leakage box is provided with a return liquid inlet, and the top end is provided with a return liquid outlet. A lower visual wellbore is arranged on the liquid inlet of the leakage box, and a wellbore drainage pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the lower visual wellbore. A first ball valve is arranged on the wellbore drainage pipe; a waste liquid bucket is arranged below the first ball valve;

[0022] A visual wellbore is arranged on the liquid outlet of the leakage box.

[0023] The upper visible wellbore, the leakage box and the lower visible wellbore are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form an external channel for liquid circulation.

[0024] A simulated drill pipe is inserted into the outer channel for liquid circulation. The simulated drill pipe starts from the upper visual wellbore and passes through the leakage box until it reaches the lower end of the lower visual wellbore. An annular space is formed between the outer wall of the simulated drill pipe and the outer channel for liquid circulation.

[0025] The top of the upper visible wellbore is provided with a flange cover, and the flange cover is provided with a drilling fluid inlet and a return fluid outlet;

[0026] The top end of the simulated drill pipe is connected to the drilling fluid inlet, the bottom end of the simulated drill pipe is connected to the annular space, and the top end of the annular space is connected to the return fluid outlet.

[0027] Furthermore, a gas injection port is provided at the top of the overflow box;

[0028] A liquid collecting pipe is arranged at the bottom and top of the overflow box, volume scale lines are arranged on the tube wall of the liquid collecting pipe, a second ball valve is arranged at the bottom of the liquid collecting pipe, and a liquid collecting bucket is arranged below the second ball valve.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention further discloses a crack simulation experimental device with coexistence of overflow and leakage, comprising a liquid storage tank, a gas-liquid separation tank, a gas storage tank and the above-mentioned crack simulator with coexistence of overflow and leakage.

[0030] The gas-liquid separation tank is provided with a cover plate, and the cover plate is densely covered with exhaust holes;

[0031] The gas storage tank is equipped with an air compressor, and the gas storage tank is used to store the gas generated by the air compressor;

[0032] The liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the drilling fluid inlet of the flange cover at the top of the upper visible wellbore through a first pipeline;

[0033] The return fluid outlet of the flange cover at the top of the upper visible wellbore is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank through a second pipeline, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank is connected to the reflux port of the liquid storage tank through a third pipeline;

[0034] The gas outlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the inlet of the overflow box through a fourth pipeline.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present invention also discloses a fracture simulation experiment method with coexistence of overflow and leakage. The fracture simulation experiment device with coexistence of overflow and leakage is used. Before the experiment is carried out, an air compressor is started to store the gas generated by the air compressor in a gas storage tank, and drilling fluid is pre-stored in the liquid storage tank. The experimental method includes:

[0036] The drilling fluid pre-stored in the fluid storage tank enters the drilling fluid inlet of the flange cover at the top of the upper visualized wellbore through the first pipeline, and the drilling fluid flows from top to bottom along the simulated drill pipe to the bottom end of the simulated drill pipe, enters the annular space, and returns from bottom to top in the annular space to be discharged;

[0037] At the same time, the gas stored in the gas storage tank enters the overflow box through the fourth pipeline, and then reaches the leakage tank through the cracks of the inclined crack simulator where the overflow and leakage coexist;

[0038] The liquid discharged back through the annular space mixes with the gas in the leakage tank to form a gas-liquid mixture;

[0039] The gas-liquid mixture moves upward along the annular space to the return fluid outlet, then flows out from the return fluid outlet and enters the gas-liquid separation tank through the second pipeline;

[0040] The gas-liquid separation tank separates the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid mixture, and the separated liquid flows back into the liquid storage tank through the third pipeline, and the separated gas is discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust hole of the gas-liquid separation tank;

[0041] When simulating the coexistence experiment of leakage and overflow under different crack inclination angles, when the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component needs to be changed, the two ends of the crack simulation component are first removed from the sides of the leakage box and the air overflow box respectively, and after rotating the crack simulation component, the two ends of the crack simulation component are respectively installed on the sides of the leakage box and the air overflow box to change the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component.

[0042] In a fourth aspect, the present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned fracture simulator with spillage and leakage in permeable formation drilling simulation.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] (I) The present invention discloses a crack simulator with coexistence of overflow and leakage, including a crack simulation component, a leakage box and an overflow box. The crack simulation component includes a crack plate assembly, the crack plate assembly includes a front support plate and a rear guard plate, the rear guard plate is detachably connected to the front support plate to form a crack plate assembly; the two ends of the front support plate of the crack plate assembly are respectively fixed with a left disk and a right disk, a fluid channel is arranged inside the crack plate assembly, the fluid channel inside the crack plate assembly is a crack or a permeation layer, the left disk and the right disk are respectively provided with through holes, and the through holes of the left disk and the right disk The two sides of the crack simulation component are connected to the fluid channel inside the crack plate assembly respectively; the sides of the leakage box and the overflow box are detachably connected to the two ends of the crack plate assembly respectively, and the through hole of the left disc is connected to the inside of the leakage box, and the through hole of the right disc is connected to the inside of the overflow box; wherein the sides of the leakage box and the overflow box are parallel to each other and arranged oppositely, and the angles of the two ends of the crack simulation component and the sides of the leakage box and the overflow box are adjusted respectively, so that the angle between the fluid channel in the crack plate assembly of the crack simulation component and the horizontal plane changes, thereby realizing the inclination of the fluid channel of the crack simulation component. The present invention discloses a crack simulator with coexistence of leakage and overflow, which successfully solves the problem that the existing crack simulation device with coexistence of leakage and overflow cannot simulate inclined cracks.

[0045] (ii) The present invention discloses a crack simulator with leakage and overflow, wherein the fluid passage inside a crack plate assembly is a crack, and the crack plate assembly further comprises a front crack plate and a rear crack plate, a crack being formed by a gap between the front crack plate and the rear crack plate as the fluid passage inside the crack plate assembly, a surface of the front crack plate corresponding to the rear crack plate and a surface of the rear crack plate corresponding to the front crack plate are respectively set as rough surfaces to simulate a rough crack section, thereby solving the problem that the existing crack simulation device with leakage and overflow cannot simulate a rough crack.

[0046] (III) The present invention discloses an application of a fracture simulator with leakage and overflow in permeable formation drilling simulation, wherein the rear guard plate is fastened to the front support plate by a plurality of bolts, and a sand storage cavity is formed between the rear guard plate and the front support plate for storing sand and gravel simulating sandy and gravel formations to simulate permeable layers; a plurality of sand filling ports are arranged on the plate wall at the top of the front support plate for receiving sand and gravel simulating sandy and gravel formations; a permeable formation drilling simulation experiment with leakage and overflow is carried out until the fracture simulator with leakage and overflow is completed. The fracture simulator with leakage and overflow disclosed in the present invention can be applied in permeable formation drilling simulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the front side of the crack simulation component provided by Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An exploded view of the front face of the crack simulation component;

[0049] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional view of the back side of the crack simulation component provided by Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the back of a crack simulator with leakage and spillage formed by installing a liquid leakage box and an air spill box at both ends of the crack simulation component;

[0051] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fracture simulator with leakage coexisting in the crack and changing the fracture inclination angle by rotation;

[0052] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the visual simulation device for coexistence of overflow and leakage provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0053] Description of reference numerals:

[0054] 1-crack simulation component, 10-seam plate assembly, 100-through hole, 101-left disc, 102-right disc, 11-front support plate, 12-rear guard plate, 120-bolt, 13-front seam plate, 14-rear seam plate;

[0055] 2-leakage box, 21-flowback liquid inlet, 22-flowback liquid outlet, 23-lower visual wellbore, 24-first ball valve, 25-upper visual wellbore, 26-flange cover; 27-waste liquid barrel;

[0056] 3-overflow box, 31-gas injection port, 32-liquid collecting pipe, 33-second ball valve, 34-liquid collecting barrel;

[0057] 4-liquid storage tank, 40-gas-liquid separation tank, 41-exhaust hole;

[0058] 5-gas storage tank, 50-air compressor;

[0059] 60-sand filling port, 61-sand filling port plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0061] Example 1: A crack simulator with spillage and leakage

[0062] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a crack simulator with both overflow and leakage, and its structure is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] refer to Figures 1 to 5 The crack simulator with spillage and leakage comprises a crack simulation component 1, a liquid leakage box 2 and an air overflow box 3.

[0064] The crack simulation component 1 includes a seam plate assembly 10, the seam plate assembly 10 includes a front support plate 11 and a rear guard plate 12, the rear guard plate 12 is detachably connected to the front support plate 11 to form the seam plate assembly 10; the two ends of the front support plate 11 of the seam plate assembly 10 are respectively fixed with a left disc 101 and a right disc 102, a fluid channel is arranged inside the seam plate assembly 10, the fluid channel inside the seam plate assembly 10 is a crack or a permeation layer, the left disc 101 and the right disc 102 are respectively provided with through holes 100, and the through holes 100 of the left disc 101 and the right disc 102 are respectively connected with the fluid channel inside the seam plate assembly 10;

[0065] The sides of the liquid leakage box 2 and the air overflow box 3 are detachably connected to the two ends of the seam plate assembly 10, and the through hole 100 of the left disc 101 is connected to the interior of the liquid leakage box 2, and the through hole 100 of the right disc 102 is connected to the interior of the air overflow box 3;

[0066] Among them, the sides of the liquid leakage box 2 and the air overflow box 3 are parallel to each other and arranged oppositely, and the angles of the two ends of the crack simulation component 1 and the sides of the liquid leakage box 2 and the air overflow box 3 are adjusted respectively, so that the angle between the fluid channel in the seam plate assembly 10 of the crack simulation component 1 and the horizontal plane changes, thereby realizing the inclination of the fluid channel of the crack simulation component 1.

[0067] As a specific example of realizing the fluid channel in the seam plate assembly 10, the fluid channel in the seam plate assembly 10 is a crack, and the angle between the crack of the crack simulation component 1 and the horizontal plane constitutes the crack inclination. As a specific way to realize the change of the angle between the fluid channel in the seam plate assembly 10 and the horizontal plane, it is:

[0068] First, the two ends of the crack simulation component 1 are removed from the sides of the leakage box 2 and the overflow box 3 respectively, and after rotating the crack simulation component 1, the two ends of the crack simulation component 1 are installed on the sides of the leakage box 2 and the overflow box 3 respectively, so that the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component 1 changes, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0069] Wherein, the leakage tank 2 is used to carry the leaked liquid;

[0070] The overflow box 3 is used to carry the overflowed gas;

[0071] The leaked liquid and the overflowed gas are mixed in the cracks of the crack simulation component 1 to form a gas-liquid mixture, so as to carry out the simulation experiment of leakage coexistence under different crack inclination angles.

[0072] Since the two ends of the front support plate 11 are respectively fixed to the left disc 101 and the right disc 102, and the rear guard plate 12 is detachably connected to the front support plate 11, on this basis, in order to realize the fluid channel inside the seam plate assembly 10 as a crack, the seam plate assembly 10 further includes at least a front seam plate 13 and a rear seam plate 14.

[0073] The rear guard plate 12 is formed by stacking and fastening the front seam plate 13 and the rear seam plate 14 in sequence from front to back on the front support plate 11 through a plurality of bolts 120;

[0074] A gap is left between the front seam plate 13 and the rear seam plate 14 to form a crack, which serves as a fluid passage inside the seam plate assembly 10 .

[0075] In order to simulate a rough crack section, the surface of the front seam plate 13 corresponding to the rear seam plate 14 and the surface of the rear seam plate 14 corresponding to the front seam plate 13 are respectively set as rough surfaces.

[0076] In order to improve the sealing performance between the front seam plate 13 and the front support plate 11 and between the rear seam plate 14 and the rear guard plate 12, and to ensure that the fluid in the seam plate assembly 10 can only flow directionally along the fluid channel in this example, namely the crack, the seam plate assembly 10 also includes a first pad layer 15 and a second pad layer 16, and the rear guard plate 12 uses a plurality of bolts 120 to stack and fasten the first pad layer 15, the front seam plate 13, the rear seam plate 14 and the second pad layer 16 in sequence from front to back on the front support plate 11.

[0077] In order to make the leakage box 2 carry liquid and discharge the liquid in the reverse direction to simulate the backflow of drilling fluid during drilling, a specific implementation is that the bottom end of the leakage box 2 is provided with a backflow liquid inlet 21 and the top end is provided with a backflow liquid outlet 22.

[0078] A lower visible wellbore 23 is arranged on the liquid inlet of the leakage box 2, a wellbore drainage pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the lower visible wellbore 23, and a first ball valve 24 is arranged on the wellbore drainage pipe;

[0079] A visual wellbore 25 is arranged on the liquid outlet of the leakage box 2.

[0080] The upper visualization wellbore 25, the leakage box 2 and the lower visualization wellbore 23 are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form an external channel for liquid circulation.

[0081] A simulated drill pipe is inserted into the outer channel for liquid circulation. The simulated drill pipe starts from the upper visualization wellbore 25 and passes through the leakage box 2 until it reaches the lower end of the lower visualization wellbore 23. An annular space is formed between the outer wall of the simulated drill pipe and the outer channel for liquid circulation.

[0082] The top of the upper visualization wellbore 25 is provided with a flange cover 26, and the flange cover 26 is provided with a drilling fluid inlet and a return fluid outlet;

[0083] The top end of the simulated drill pipe is connected to the drilling fluid inlet, the bottom end of the simulated drill pipe is connected to the annular space, and the top end of the annular space is connected to the return fluid outlet;

[0084] The annular space is used for passing fluid simulated to flow back from the formation.

[0085] When the drilling fluid enters the simulated drill pipe through the drilling fluid inlet, the drilling fluid flows from top to bottom along the simulated drill pipe to the lower end of the lower visualized wellbore 23, flows out from the bottom of the simulated drill pipe, enters the annular space, and returns from bottom to top in the annular space for discharge.

[0086] In order to collect waste liquid, a waste liquid bucket 27 is disposed below the first ball valve 24 .

[0087] In order to enable the overflow box 3 to carry gas and transport the gas to the crack simulation component 1 to simulate leaked gas, a specific implementation is that a gas injection port 31 is provided at the top of the overflow box 3 .

[0088] In order to collect the drilling fluid passing through the cracks of the crack simulation component 1, a liquid collecting pipe 32 is provided at the bottom and top of the overflow box 3, volume scale lines are provided on the pipe wall of the liquid collecting pipe 32, a second ball valve 33 is provided at the bottom of the liquid collecting pipe 32, and a liquid collecting barrel 34 is provided below the second ball valve 33.

[0089] The sum of the liquid stored in the liquid collecting pipe 32 and the liquid collected in the liquid collecting barrel 34 is the total volume of the drilling fluid passing through the fracture of the fracture simulation component 1 .

[0090] Example 2: A crack simulation experimental device with overflow and leakage

[0091] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a crack simulation experimental device with overflow and leakage, including the crack simulator with overflow and leakage of embodiment 1. The structure and connection relationship of the experimental device are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0092] refer to Figure 6 The crack simulation experimental device for coexistence of leakage and overflow comprises a liquid storage tank 4, a gas-liquid separation tank 40, a gas storage tank 5 and a crack simulator for coexistence of leakage and overflow provided in Example 1.

[0093] The gas-liquid separation tank 40 is provided with a cover plate, and the cover plate is densely covered with exhaust holes 41;

[0094] The gas storage tank 5 is equipped with an air compressor 50, and the gas storage tank 5 is used to store the gas generated by the air compressor 50;

[0095] The liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 4 is connected to the drilling fluid inlet of the flange cover 26 at the top of the upper visible wellbore 25 through a first pipeline;

[0096] The return fluid outlet of the flange cover 26 at the top of the upper visualization wellbore 25 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank 40 through a second pipeline, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank 40 is connected to the reflux port of the liquid storage tank 4 through a third pipeline;

[0097] The gas outlet of the gas storage tank 5 is connected to the inlet of the overflow box 3 through a fourth pipeline.

[0098] Example 3: A crack simulation experiment method with overflow and leakage

[0099] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a fracture simulation experiment method with coexistence of spillage and leakage. The fracture simulation experiment device with coexistence of spillage and leakage provided in Embodiment 2 is used to carry out a simulation experiment of coexistence of spillage and leakage in fractured formation drilling. Before carrying out the experiment, the air compressor 50 is started to store the gas generated by the air compressor 50 in the gas storage tank 5, and the drilling fluid is pre-stored in the liquid storage tank 4. The experimental method includes the following steps:

[0100] The drilling fluid pre-stored in the fluid storage tank 4 enters the drilling fluid inlet of the flange cover 26 at the top of the upper visualization wellbore 25 through the first pipeline, and the drilling fluid flows from top to bottom along the simulated drill pipe to the bottom end of the simulated drill pipe, enters the annular space, and returns from bottom to top in the annular space to be discharged;

[0101] At the same time, the gas stored in the gas storage tank 5 enters the gas overflow box 3 through the fourth pipeline, and then reaches the liquid leakage box 2 through the cracks of the inclined crack simulator where the overflow and leakage coexist;

[0102] The liquid returned and discharged through the annular space mixes with the gas in the leakage tank 2 to form a gas-liquid mixture;

[0103] The gas-liquid mixture moves upward along the annular space to the return fluid outlet, then flows out from the return fluid outlet and enters the gas-liquid separation tank 40 through the second pipeline;

[0104] The gas-liquid separation tank 40 separates the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid mixture, and the separated liquid flows back into the liquid storage tank 4 through the third pipeline, and the separated gas is discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust hole 41 of the gas-liquid separation tank 40;

[0105] When simulating the coexistence experiment of leakage and overflow under different crack inclination angles, when the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component 1 needs to be changed, the two ends of the crack simulation component 1 are first removed from the sides of the leakage box 2 and the overflow box 3 respectively, and after rotating the crack simulation component 1, the two ends of the crack simulation component 1 are respectively installed on the sides of the leakage box 2 and the overflow box 3 to change the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component 1.

[0106] Example 4: Application of a fracture simulator with spillage and leakage in drilling simulation of permeable formations

[0107] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides an application of a fracture simulator with leakage and spillage in a permeable formation drilling simulation. The fracture simulator with leakage and spillage of embodiment 1 is used as another specific example of realizing a fluid channel in a seam-plate assembly 10. The fluid channel in the seam-plate assembly 10 is a permeable layer, which replaces the fracture in embodiment 1 as the fluid channel in the seam-plate assembly 10.

[0108] Before application, the first cushion layer 15, the front seam plate 13, the rear seam plate 14 and the second cushion layer 16 inside the seam plate assembly 10 are omitted, and a permeable layer is made inside the seam plate assembly 10. The method for making the permeable layer is as follows:

[0109] The rear guard plate 12 is fastened to the front support plate 11 by a plurality of bolts, and a sand storage cavity is formed between the rear guard plate 12 and the front support plate 11 for storing sand and gravel simulating the sand and gravel formation to simulate the permeable layer;

[0110] A plurality of sand filling openings 60 are provided on the plate wall at the top of the front support plate 11 for receiving sand and gravel simulating the sand and gravel formation;

[0111] According to the method of Example 3, a simulation experiment of drilling in a permeable formation with spillage and leakage was carried out.

[0112] Until the above-mentioned fracture simulator with spill coexistence is completed, the permeability formation drilling simulation experiment can be carried out.

[0113] In order to prevent the sand and fluid in the permeable layer from overflowing, each sand filling port 60 is provided with a sand filling port plug 61 .

[0114] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crack simulator with spillage and leakage, characterized in that: include A crack simulation component (1) comprises a crack plate assembly (10), wherein the crack plate assembly (10) comprises a front support plate (11) and a rear guard plate (12), wherein the rear guard plate (12) is detachably connected to the front support plate (11) to form the crack plate assembly (10); a left disc (101) and a right disc (102) are respectively fixed at both ends of the front support plate (11) of the crack plate assembly (10); a fluid channel is provided inside the crack plate assembly (10), wherein the fluid channel inside the crack plate assembly (10) is a crack or a permeation layer; through holes (100) are respectively provided on the left disc (101) and the right disc (102), wherein the through holes (100) of the left disc (101) and the right disc (102) are respectively connected to the fluid channel inside the crack plate assembly (10); The liquid leakage box (2) and the air overflow box (3) have their sides detachably connected to the two ends of the seam plate assembly (10), and the through hole (100) of the left disc (101) is connected to the interior of the liquid leakage box (2), and the through hole (100) of the right disc (102) is connected to the interior of the air overflow box (3); The sides of the liquid leakage box (2) and the air overflow box (3) are parallel to each other and arranged opposite to each other. The angles of the two ends of the crack simulation component (1) and the sides of the liquid leakage box (2) and the air overflow box (3) are adjusted respectively so that the angle between the fluid channel in the seam plate assembly (10) of the crack simulation component (1) and the horizontal plane changes, thereby realizing the inclination of the fluid channel of the crack simulation component (1).

2. The crack simulator with leakage and overflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid channel inside the seam plate assembly (10) is a crack, and the angle between the crack of the crack simulation component (1) and the horizontal plane constitutes a crack inclination angle. First, the two ends of the crack simulation component (1) are respectively removed from the sides of the liquid leakage box (2) and the gas overflow box (3), and after rotating the crack simulation component (1), the two ends of the crack simulation component (1) are respectively installed on the sides of the liquid leakage box (2) and the gas overflow box (3), so that the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component (1) changes; Wherein, the leakage liquid box (2) is used to carry the leaked liquid; The overflow box (3) is used to carry the overflowed gas; The leaked liquid and the overflowed gas are mixed in the cracks of the crack simulation component (1) to form a gas-liquid mixture, so as to carry out a simulation experiment of the coexistence of overflow and leakage under different crack inclination angles.

3. The crack simulator with leakage and overflow according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seam plate assembly (10) further comprises a front seam plate (13) and a rear seam plate (14). The rear guard plate (12) is used to stack the front seam plate (13) and the rear seam plate (14) in sequence from front to back and fasten them on the front support plate (11) through a plurality of bolts (120); A gap is left between the front seam plate (13) and the rear seam plate (14) to form a crack, which serves as a fluid channel inside the seam plate assembly (10).

4. The crack simulator with leakage and overflow according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the front seam plate (13) corresponding to the rear seam plate (14) and the surface of the rear seam plate (14) corresponding to the front seam plate (13) are respectively set as rough surfaces to simulate a rough crack section.

5. The crack simulator with leakage and overflow according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seam plate assembly (10) further comprises a first cushion layer (15) and a second cushion layer (16). The rear guard plate (12) is fastened on the front support plate (11) by stacking the first cushion layer (15), the front seam plate (13), the rear seam plate (14) and the second cushion layer (16) in sequence from front to back through a plurality of bolts (120).

6. The crack simulator with leakage and overflow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leakage box (2) is provided with a return liquid inlet (21) at the bottom and a return liquid outlet (22) at the top. A lower visible wellbore (23) is arranged on the liquid inlet of the leakage box (2); a wellbore drainage pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the lower visible wellbore (23); a first ball valve (24) is arranged on the wellbore drainage pipe; a waste liquid bucket (27) is arranged below the first ball valve (24); A visual wellbore (25) is arranged on the liquid outlet of the leakage box (2). The upper visible wellbore (25), the leakage box (2) and the lower visible wellbore (23) are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form an external channel for liquid circulation. A simulated drill pipe is inserted into the outer channel for liquid circulation. The simulated drill pipe starts from the upper visible wellbore (25) and passes through the leakage box (2) until it reaches the lower end of the lower visible wellbore (23). An annular space is formed between the outer wall of the simulated drill pipe and the outer channel for liquid circulation. The top end of the upper visible wellbore (25) is provided with a flange cover (26), and the flange cover (26) is provided with a drilling fluid inlet and a return fluid outlet; The top end of the simulated drill pipe is connected to the drilling fluid inlet, the bottom end of the simulated drill pipe is connected to the annular space, and the top end of the annular space is connected to the return fluid outlet.

7. The crack simulator with leakage and overflow according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the overflow box (3) is provided with a gas injection port (31); A liquid collecting pipe (32) is arranged at the bottom and top of the overflow box (3), volume scale lines are arranged on the tube wall of the liquid collecting pipe (32), a second ball valve (33) is arranged at the bottom of the liquid collecting pipe (32), and a liquid collecting bucket (34) is arranged below the second ball valve (33).

8. A crack simulation experimental device with overflow and leakage, characterized in that: It comprises a liquid storage tank (4), a gas-liquid separation tank (40), a gas storage tank (5) and a crack simulator with spillage and leakage as claimed in claim 7, The gas-liquid separation tank (40) is provided with a cover plate, and the cover plate is densely covered with exhaust holes (41); The gas storage tank (5) is equipped with an air compressor (50), and the gas storage tank (5) is used to store the gas generated by the air compressor (50); The liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank (4) is connected to the drilling fluid inlet of the flange cover (26) at the top of the upper visible wellbore (25) through a first pipeline; The return fluid outlet of the flange cover (26) at the top of the upper visible wellbore (25) is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank (40) through a second pipeline, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separation tank (40) is connected to the reflux port of the liquid storage tank (4) through a third pipeline; The gas outlet of the gas storage tank (5) is connected to the inlet of the overflow box (3) via a fourth pipeline.

9. A method for simulating a crack with leakage coexisting, using the device for simulating a crack with leakage coexisting as claimed in claim 8, before carrying out the experiment, starting an air compressor (50), storing the gas generated by the air compressor (50) in a gas storage tank (5), and pre-storing drilling fluid in the liquid storage tank (4), characterized in that: include The drilling fluid pre-stored in the fluid storage tank (4) enters the drilling fluid inlet of the flange cover (26) at the top of the upper visible wellbore (25) through the first pipeline, and the drilling fluid flows from top to bottom along the simulated drill pipe to the bottom end of the simulated drill pipe, enters the annular space, and returns from bottom to top in the annular space for discharge; At the same time, the gas stored in the gas storage tank (5) enters the gas overflow box (3) through the fourth pipeline, and then reaches the liquid leakage box (2) through the cracks of the inclined crack simulator where the overflow and leakage coexist; The liquid returned and discharged through the annular space is mixed with the gas in the leakage tank (2) to form a gas-liquid mixture; The gas-liquid mixture flows upward along the annular space to the return fluid outlet, then flows out from the return fluid outlet and enters the gas-liquid separation tank (40) through the second pipeline; The gas-liquid separation tank (40) separates the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid mixture, and the separated liquid flows back into the liquid storage tank (4) through the third pipeline, and the separated gas is discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust hole (41) of the gas-liquid separation tank (40); When simulating a leakage coexistence experiment under different crack inclination angles, when it is necessary to change the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component (1), the two ends of the crack simulation component (1) are first removed from the sides of the leakage box (2) and the overflow box (3), respectively, and after rotating the crack simulation component (1), the two ends of the crack simulation component (1) are respectively installed on the sides of the leakage box (2) and the overflow box (3), so that the crack inclination angle of the crack simulation component (1) is changed.

10. Use of the fracture simulator with leakage coexistence as claimed in claim 1 in permeable formation drilling simulation.

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