Supercavitation ejection empennage bullet

Abstract

The invention provides a supercavitation ejection empennage bullet. The supercavitation ejection empennage bullet comprises a bullet body, an empennage ejection device and a sliding bullet belt, wherein the bullet body, the empennage ejection device and the sliding bullet belt can be assembled into a projectile; the projectile body is fixedly connected with the empennage through a precise structure; the projectile body is composed of a projectile body head, a projectile body shoulder cylindrical section, an empennage and a projectile body tail. According to the supercavitation ejection empennage bullet, the ejection structure is adopted to protect the empennage in the bullet body when the projectile is launched, damage to the empennage caused by rotation and friction of a wire chamber in the chamber can be avoided, and after the projectile is ejected out of the chamber, the pure mechanical spring driving mechanism is adopted to rapidly unfold the empennage, so that the empennage is not influenced by the launching process and keeps integrity; and after the ejection empennage is unfolded, the effective empennage area is obviously increased, so that the lift force and stability of the projectile flying in the air and underwater are improved, the flight path is improved, the range is prolonged, and the target penetrating capacity is enhanced to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of projectiles, and in particular relates to a supercavitation ejection tail fin bullet. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are certain problems with the compatibility of standard smoothbore weapons and supercavitating tail-stabilized projectiles. Since smoothbore weapons lack the torque constraint provided by the rifling, their design is mainly aimed at the launch requirements of sub-caliber ammunition (such as armor-piercing discarding sabot projectiles). For example, patent CN202111488905.4 discloses a manufacturing method and sabot technology for composite sabots of armor-piercing projectiles. This scheme uses composite sabots to achieve chamber sealing and sabot separation after discharge, but it cannot be adapted to small-caliber tail-stabilized projectiles without sabots; in a supercavitating fluid environment, the shock wave interference generated when the sabots separate will destroy the continuity of the cavitation, shortening the cavitation collapse time by 30 to 50 milliseconds, thereby significantly exacerbating the trajectory yaw; for example, patent CN11582 3958B discloses a supercavitation tail fin bullet with long underwater range, including a core, a support body and a belt; the core is composed of an integrated core head, a core shoulder cylindrical section, a core transition cylindrical section and a core tail; the core head is a flat bottom structure, the head generatrix is ​​an arc, the total length of the head is 3 / 10 to 2 / 5 of the total length of the bullet, the belt is tightly sleeved on the surface of the core transition cylindrical section, and the outer diameter of the belt is 0.2mm larger than the diameter of the core shoulder cylindrical section; the support body is composed of an integrated support body cylindrical section, a support body middle section and a support body tail fin, the tail fin diameter is equal to the support body cylindrical section diameter, and the support body and the core are connected as one by a thread. When the bullet is running underwater, the supercavitation generation rate reaches 100%, the water resistance is reduced by more than 90% compared with traditional bullets, and the underwater effective range can reach more than 10m; there is no flipping and ricocheting during underwater movement, and the stability is good; the core and the support body are manufactured separately, and the processing and manufacturing process is simple.

[0003] When using rifled weapons to launch finned bullets, although the sliding belt spin-reducing bullet provides a certain solution, there are still some technical problems. On the one hand, since the unfolded size of the fin is subject to the strict geometric constraints of the rifling positive diameter, it is impossible to achieve the ideal design size, which directly leads to a reduction in the effective projected area of ​​the aerodynamic wing surface, thereby reducing the lift coefficient and affecting the aerodynamic performance of the finned bullet during flight. On the other hand, in order to avoid interference in the bore, the gap between the edge of the wing and the negative line must be precisely controlled within a very small range. However, in the actual processing process, the accumulation of processing tolerances is difficult to completely avoid, which significantly increases the probability of dynamic bore rubbing. When dynamic bore rubbing occurs, the projectile is subjected to uneven forces in the bore, which in turn causes the nutation angle of the projectile to oscillate, seriously weakening the flight stability of the projectile and limiting the overall performance of the weapon system.

[0004] In addition, when a traditional fixed-fin projectile is fired, the fin is always deployed, which is prone to friction and collision with the barrel rifling, causing damage to the fin structure and wear of the barrel rifling, affecting the structural integrity and aerodynamic performance of the projectile, reducing the shooting accuracy and reliability of the weapon system, and at the same time, damage to the fin leads to uneven distribution of the projectile's flight lift, causing trajectory deviation, reducing range and killing effect. In summary, the existing technology still has problems that need to be solved in terms of balancing projectile stability, aerodynamic performance and cross-medium launch adaptability.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a supercavitating ejection tail-fin bullet, which adopts an ejection structure to protect the tail fin within the projectile body during firing, so as to avoid damage in the barrel due to rifle rotation and friction; after the projectile leaves the barrel, a purely mechanical spring drive mechanism is adopted to quickly unfold the tail fin so that it is not affected by the firing process and maintains its integrity. Compared with the traditional fixed tail fin design, the ejection tail fin of the present invention significantly increases the effective tail fin area after unfolding, thereby improving the lift and stability of the projectile when flying in the air and underwater, improving the flight trajectory, extending the range, and enhancing the target penetration capability to a certain extent. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a system based on an optimized cavitator design, a tail ejection mechanism, and a sliding belt to form a coordinated working system, thereby achieving low-resistance stable flight in a supercavitating state, while significantly improving the underwater range, flight accuracy, and penetration capability of a supercavitating ejection tail bullet.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the supercavitation ejection tail fin bullet provided by the present invention comprises: a projectile body, a tail fin ejection device and a sliding belt, wherein the projectile body, the tail fin ejection device and the sliding belt can be assembled into a projectile;

[0008] The missile body is connected to the fixed tail wing through a precise structure;

[0009] The projectile body is composed of a projectile head, a projectile shoulder cylindrical section, a tail wing and a projectile tail.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the body of the projectile is made of high-hardness tungsten alloy, and its front part constitutes a cavitator. The cavitator is designed in a flat-bottomed disc shape with a diameter of 5.8mm±0.05mm, and the edge is designed with an acute angle, such as 30°±1°. The generatrix adopts a compound parabolic arc. The head of the projectile adopts an arc generatrix design with a total length of about 53mm and an aspect ratio of 9. Its shoulder adopts a cylindrical transition structure, and a radial storage groove is arranged at the rear to accommodate the tail ejection mechanism and the sliding belt.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the projectile head also adopts a cavitator design, the aspect ratio of the projectile is about 9, and the projectile adopts a high-hardness tungsten alloy core to enhance penetration performance.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the tail radial receiving groove is symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the projectile, and its groove width is 0.6mm±0.05mm and its depth is 2.6mm. A projectile fixing platform with a height of 0.9mm and a spacing matching the width of the leaf spring is arranged in the groove.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the tail wing adopts four parallelogram winglets which are arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction and are evenly distributed around the projectile. The length of the winglets accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the projectile. The inclination angle is designed to be 25° to 35°. The tail wing is made of 7A04 high-hardness aluminum alloy.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the expansion of the tail wing is driven by a built-in micro compression spring, and the spring is made of 65Mn spring steel. One end of the spring is fixed to the root of the tail wing by electron beam welding, and the other end is embedded in a pre-placed projectile fixing platform, and the gap is ≤0.05mm.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the sliding elastic belt is made of nylon material and is used to fix the tail fin before launching. The surface of the projectile body is pre-processed with a prefabricated groove to clamp the elastic belt. The prefabricated groove adopts a U-shaped structure, and its depth is 30% to 50% of the wall thickness of the elastic belt. The groove width is controlled between 0.2mm and 0.5mm, and the groove spacing is set to 2 to 5mm.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, a tiny guide groove is provided at the trailing edge of the sliding belt, and the sliding belt concentrates stress at a preset microstructural weakness, and then breaks and falls off after a certain flight time or distance after leaving the barrel, thereby ensuring that the aerodynamic performance of the tail wing is not disturbed after it is deployed.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, the shell, the sliding band and the tail wing are partially compressed and fixed, so that the leaf spring steel and the tail wing pre-installed in the radial receiving groove of the tail are firmly connected to the projectile body through the sliding band.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, the tail wing is fixed to the tail of the projectile body by a micro compression spring and a sliding elastic belt, and the built-in spring quickly releases energy to enable the tail wing to be ejected, deployed and locked within 0.5ms.

[0019] Compared with the related art, the supercavitation ejection tail fin bullet provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention forms a coordinated system based on the optimized cavitator design, the tail ejection mechanism and the sliding belt, which realizes low-resistance stable flight in the supercavitation state, and significantly improves the underwater range, flight accuracy and penetration capability;

[0022] 2. The present invention adopts an ejection structure to protect the tail fin within the projectile body when the projectile is launched, which can avoid damage due to rifle rotation and friction in the barrel. After the projectile is fired, a purely mechanical spring drive mechanism is used to quickly deploy the tail fin, so that it is not affected by the firing process and maintains its integrity. Compared with the traditional fixed tail fin design, the ejection tail fin of the present invention significantly increases the effective tail fin area after deployment, thereby improving the lift and stability of the projectile when flying in the air and underwater, improving the flight trajectory, extending the range, and enhancing the target penetration ability to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the tail wing of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the compressed axial half section of the projectile tail;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the axial half section of the projectile tail fin being unfolded;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the sliding belt in;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the complete bomb.

[0029] In the figure: 1. projectile body; 10. projectile body head; 11. projectile body shoulder cylindrical section; 12. projectile body fixing platform; 13. projectile body tail; 2. tail fin ejection device; 20. concave-convex matching locking structure; 21. shrapnel spring steel; 22. prefabricated groove; 201. tail radial storage groove; 202. tail fin; 3. sliding elastic belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 ,in, Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the tail wing of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the compressed axial half section of the projectile tail; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the axial half section of the projectile tail fin being unfolded; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the sliding belt in; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a complete projectile. The supercavitation ejection tail fin bullet comprises: a projectile body 1, a tail fin ejection device 2 and a sliding belt 3, wherein the projectile body 1, the tail fin ejection device 2 and the sliding belt 3 can be assembled into a projectile;

[0031] The missile body 1 is connected to and fixed to the tail wing 202 through a precise structure;

[0032] The projectile 1 is composed of a projectile head 10, a projectile shoulder cylindrical section 11, a tail fin 202 and a projectile tail 13;

[0033] The projectile body 1 is made of high-hardness tungsten alloy, and its front part constitutes a cavitator. The cavitator is designed in a flat-bottomed disc shape with a diameter of 5.8 mm ± 0.05 mm, and the edge is designed with an acute angle, such as 30° ± 1°. The generatrix adopts a compound parabolic arc to reduce the pressure gradient at the cavitation separation point and suppress the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability phenomenon;

[0034] The head of the projectile body 1 adopts an arc-shaped generatrix design, with a total length of about 53 mm and an aspect ratio of 9. Its shoulder adopts a cylindrical transition structure, and a radial storage groove is provided at the rear to accommodate the tail 202 ejection mechanism and the sliding belt 3;

[0035] The projectile head 10 also adopts a cavitator design, so that it can achieve the stability of the cavitation morphology and reduce the underwater resistance fluctuation by accurately controlling the diameter, edge angle and generatrix shape;

[0036] The aspect ratio of the projectile 1 is about 9, which helps to maintain the stability of the projectile during high-speed underwater movement and ensures that the projectile is always in a complete supercavitation wrapping state;

[0037] The projectile 1 adopts a high-hardness tungsten alloy core to enhance penetration performance, and can effectively suppress adiabatic shear failure under ultra-high strain rate loading conditions, ensuring high penetration when encountering a target.

[0038] The tail radial receiving groove 201 is symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the projectile 1, and has a groove width of 0.6mm±0.05mm and a depth of 2.6mm. A projectile fixing platform 12 with a height of 0.9mm and a spacing matching the width of the leaf spring is arranged in the groove.

[0039] The tail wing 202 is composed of four parallelogram winglets which are arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction and are evenly distributed around the projectile 1. The length of the winglets accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the projectile. The inclination angle is designed to be 25° to 35°, which can balance the penetration depth of the tail wing 202 into the cavitation wall and ensure that it can quickly unfold after leaving the barrel to form a stable aerodynamic control surface. The tail wing 202 is made of 7A04 high-hardness aluminum alloy to ensure that it has sufficient rigidity and durability.

[0040] The deployment of the tail wing 202 is driven by a built-in micro compression spring, and the spring is made of 65Mn spring steel. One end of the spring is fixed to the root of the tail wing 202 by electron beam welding, and the other end is embedded in a pre-placed projectile fixing platform 12 (gap ≤ 0.05mm), which effectively limits the radial displacement of the tail wing 202. After the projectile is launched, the high-speed movement of the projectile triggers the spring to quickly release the stored energy, so that the tail wing 202 is quickly ejected and deployed within 0.5ms, and is fixed to a predetermined position by a concave-convex matching locking structure 20.

[0041] The sliding belt 3 is made of nylon material and is used to fix the tail fin 202 before firing to prevent it from being deployed prematurely. In order to ensure that the belt is not broken prematurely in the barrel due to friction or high temperature, a prefabricated groove 22 is pre-processed on the surface of the projectile body 1 to clamp the belt. The prefabricated groove 22 adopts a U-shaped structure, and its depth is 30% to 50% of the wall thickness of the belt. The groove width is controlled between 0.2mm and 0.5mm, and the groove spacing is set to 2 to 5mm.

[0042] The trailing edge of the sliding belt 3 is provided with a tiny guide groove, so that after the projectile leaves the barrel, the high-speed airflow forms negative pressure and vortex locally, thereby enhancing the air resistance. Through the combined action of centrifugal force and air resistance, the sliding belt 3 concentrates stress at the preset micro-structure weakness, and then breaks and falls off after a certain flight time or flight distance after leaving the barrel, thereby ensuring that the aerodynamic performance of the tail wing 202 after deployment is not disturbed.

[0043] Before the projectile is fired, the shell, the sliding belt 3 and the tail fin 202 are partially compressed and fixed, so that the leaf spring steel 21 and the tail fin 202 pre-installed in the tail radial receiving groove 201 are firmly connected to the projectile body through the sliding belt 3.

[0044] Before the projectile is fired, the shell and the sliding belt 3 partially compress and fix the tail fin 202, so that the leaf spring steel 21 pre-installed in the tail radial receiving groove 201 and the tail fin 202 are firmly connected to the projectile body through the sliding belt 3.

[0045] Before the projectile is launched, the tail wing 202 is fixed to the tail 13 of the projectile body by a micro compression spring and a sliding belt 3, so that the projectile structure is in a closed and stable state. After the projectile is fired, due to the initial velocity, the sliding belt 3 breaks and falls off at a preset weak point within a certain flight time after leaving the barrel under the action of air resistance and centrifugal force. At the same time, the built-in spring quickly releases energy to cause the tail wing 202 to be ejected, deployed and locked within 0.5ms.

[0046] After the projectile is fired, as the pressure of the cartridge case on the bullet gradually decreases and the bullet rotates at high speed on the inner wall of the barrel, the bullet belt breaks. After the bullet is fired, the bullet head quickly drives the tail fin 202 to unfold and is fixed by the concave-convex locking structure 20, thereby ensuring that the projectile remains stable and accurate when fired underwater.

[0047] The supercavitating tail fin projectile of the present embodiment is fired by a Type 95 5.8mm automatic rifle. The designed projectile body structure can effectively reduce energy loss during flight and ensure that it is fired at a high speed. The innovative ejection tail fin structure maintains the stability of the projectile during flight, solving the problem that most tail fin projectiles need to be fired by smoothbore guns. The same gun can be used both above and below water. Even if the projectile enters the water at a small angle, it can still maintain high lethality and accuracy and achieve the intended target, fully meeting the requirements of shooting from the air to underwater.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments or applied directly or indirectly without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. In other related technical fields, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, which are equally included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercavitation fin-type bullet, characterized in that: include: A projectile body, a tail ejection device and a sliding belt, wherein the projectile body, the tail ejection device and the sliding belt can be assembled into a projectile; The missile body is connected to the fixed tail wing through a precise structure; The projectile body is composed of a projectile head, a projectile shoulder cylindrical section, a tail wing and a projectile tail.

2. The supercavitation fin bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body of the projectile is made of high-hardness tungsten alloy, and its front part constitutes a cavitator. The cavitator is designed in a flat-bottomed disc shape with a diameter of 5.8mm±0.05mm. The edge adopts an acute angle design, such as 30°±1°, and the generatrix adopts a compound parabolic arc. The head of the projectile adopts an arc generatrix design with a total length of about 53mm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 9. Its shoulder adopts a cylindrical transition structure, and a radial storage groove is arranged at the rear to accommodate the tail ejection mechanism and the sliding belt.

3. The supercavitation fin bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projectile head also adopts a cavitator design, the projectile has a length-to-diameter ratio of about 9, and the projectile adopts a high-hardness tungsten alloy core to enhance penetration performance.

4. The supercavitation fin bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail radial receiving groove is symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the projectile, has a groove width of 0.6mm±0.05mm and a depth of 2.6mm, and is provided with a projectile fixing platform with a height of 0.9mm and a spacing matching the width of the leaf spring.

5. The supercavitation fin bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail wing adopts four parallelogram winglets which are arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction and evenly distributed around the projectile. The length of the winglets accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the projectile. The rear inclination angle is designed to be 25° to 35°. The tail wing is made of 7A04 high-hardness aluminum alloy.

6. The supercavitation fin bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unfolding of the tail wing is driven by a built-in micro compression spring, which is made of 65Mn spring steel. One end of the spring is fixed to the root of the tail wing by electron beam welding, and the other end is embedded in a pre-placed projectile fixing platform, with a gap of ≤0.05mm.

7. The supercavitation fin-ejection bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding elastic belt is made of nylon material and is used to fix the tail fin before launching. The surface of the projectile body is pre-processed with a prefabricated groove to clamp the elastic belt. The prefabricated groove adopts a U-shaped structure, and its depth is 30% to 50% of the thickness of the elastic belt wall. The groove width is controlled between 0.2mm and 0.5mm, and the groove spacing is set to 2 to 5mm.

8. The supercavitation fin bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trailing edge of the sliding belt is provided with a tiny guide groove, and the sliding belt concentrates stress at a preset microstructural weakness, and then breaks and falls off after a certain flight time or distance after leaving the barrel, thereby ensuring that the aerodynamic performance after the tail wing is deployed is not disturbed.

9. The supercavitation fin-ejection bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell, the sliding band and the tail wing are partially compressed and fixed, so that the leaf spring steel and the tail wing pre-installed in the radial receiving groove of the tail are firmly connected to the projectile body through the sliding band.

10. The supercavitation fin bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail fin is fixed to the tail of the projectile through a micro compression spring and a sliding elastic belt. The built-in spring quickly releases energy to enable the tail fin to be ejected, deployed and locked within 0.5ms.

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