Prototype loading test method, system, equipment and medium for shaft-type shield segment

Abstract

The present invention provides a method, system, device and medium for a prototype loading test of shaft-type shield segments, which relates to the technical field of shield tunnel engineering. The test method obtains the gravity of the vertical test ring segments and the set of actual loads, calculates the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the circumferential uniform load according to the set of actual loads, then starts the hoisting and loading assembly to apply the lifting force to achieve self-weight balance, starts the radial loading assembly to apply the radial load, starts the circumferential loading assembly to apply the circumferential uniform load, and records the internal force and deformation of the test ring segments. The present invention is a prototype loading test for standing segments. Compared with the existing flat-lying test, it more realistically simulates the actual stress state of the segments; the self-weight balance is achieved through the hoisting and loading assembly, which can accurately simulate the self-weight reaction force of the segments provided by the stratum in the actual working condition, solves the problem of concentrated self-weight reaction force in the prototype loading test of standing segments, and more realistically simulates the actual stress state of the segments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shield tunnel engineering, and particularly relates to a method, system, device and medium for a prototype loading test of a shaft-type shield segment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous advancement of the overall urban planning in China, affected by factors such as the environmental conditions along the line and the ground traffic, when traffic lines enter urban areas or cross large rivers and lakes, the method of constructing shield tunnels has gradually become a trend. Segments are the permanent load-bearing structures of shield tunnels, which bear the functions of resisting soil pressure, groundwater pressure and some special loads. The mechanical performance state of shield segments is directly related to the overall stability, safety and durability of the tunnel structure.

[0003] Based on this, numerical calculation analysis, scaled-down tests and prototype loading tests and other methods have been mainly adopted at home and abroad to carry out research on the mechanical properties of segments; for numerical calculation analysis, the calculation model simplifies the segment structure greatly, and it is difficult to accurately obtain the key calculation parameters of the model, and the calculation results are difficult to truly reflect the mechanical state of the segments; the scaled-down tests also simplify the segment model. Due to problems such as the size and material properties of the scaled-down segment model, the test results often have large differences from the actual situation; the prototype loading test is a research method that can more truly reflect the mechanical properties of segments at the present stage.

[0004] At present, the prototype loading tests of segments in the technical field of shield tunnel engineering are all flat tests carried out based on the indoor laboratory platform. However, since the flat prototype loading test of segments cannot consider the important influence of the self-weight of the segment structure on the mechanical state of the segment ring, the accuracy of its test results needs to be further examined and evaluated. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method, system, device and medium for a prototype loading test of a shaft-type shield segment.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a method for a prototype loading test of a shaft-type shield segment, including the following steps:

[0007] Obtain the gravity magnitude of the test ring segments and the set of actual loads. The set of actual loads includes the top load, lateral top load, load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom, and triangular formation horizontal resistance that the shield segments are subjected to in actual working conditions. The extension direction of the axis of the test ring segments is the first direction, and the first direction is the horizontal direction. The test device includes a test ring segment group, and the test ring segment group includes a plurality of the test ring segments distributed horizontally. The test ring segments are the shield segments;

[0008] Calculate the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the actual load set.

[0009] Start the hoisting and loading assembly according to the magnitude of the gravity, and apply the counterweight reaction force to the test ring segment in stages. The magnitude of the counterweight reaction force is equal to the magnitude of the gravity, and the direction is opposite to the direction of gravity.

[0010] Start the radial loading assembly according to the magnitude of the radial concentrated load, apply the radial load to the test ring segment in stages, and synchronously start the hoop loading assembly according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, and apply the hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test ring segment in stages.

[0011] Record the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment.

[0012] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the test ring segment is arranged in the shaft structure.

[0013] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the test ring segment group is formed by assembling with a shield machine.

[0014] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the magnitude of the radial concentrated load includes the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load and the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load. The magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load is obtained by the following formula:

[0015] Formula (1)

[0016] Where: Formula (2)

[0017] In the formula, q d Is the top load; q c Is the lateral top load; q s Is the load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom; q k Is the triangular formation horizontal resistance; F s Is the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load; R is the centroid radius of the shield segment.

[0018] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, obtain the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load and the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load. The magnitude of the vertical concentrated load is obtained by the following formula:

[0019] Formula (3)

[0020] Where: Formula (4)

[0021] In the formula, Fz is the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load.

[0022] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, after calculating the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the actual load set, the following steps are further included:

[0023] Start the hoisting and loading assembly according to the magnitude of the gravity, and apply a counterweight reaction force to the test ring segment in stages, the magnitude of the counterweight reaction force is equal to the magnitude of the gravity, and the direction is opposite to the direction of gravity;

[0024] Start the vertical loading part according to the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load, and apply a vertical concentrated load to both ends of the test ring segment along the third direction in stages; start the horizontal loading part according to the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load, and apply a horizontal concentrated load to both ends of the test ring segment along the second direction in stages; start the hoop loading part synchronously according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, and apply a hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test ring segment in stages; wherein, the second direction is the horizontal direction and is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third direction is the vertical direction;

[0025] Record the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment.

[0026] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the calculation of the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the actual load set is realized by the following formula:

[0027] Formula (5)

[0028] In the formula, F h is the magnitude of the hoop uniform load.

[0029] In a third aspect, the present invention proposes a shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test system for implementing the shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test method as described above, and the system includes:

[0030] An acquisition module, the acquisition module is configured to acquire the gravity of the test ring segment and the actual load set, the actual load set includes the top load, the lateral top load, the load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom, and the triangular formation horizontal resistance received by the shield segment in the actual working condition, the axis extension direction of the test ring segment is the first direction, the first direction is the horizontal direction, the test device includes a test ring segment group, and the test ring segment group includes a plurality of the test ring segments distributed horizontally, and the test ring segment is the shield segment;

[0031] A calculation module, the calculation module is configured to calculate the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the actual load set;

[0032] A first control module, the control module is configured to start a hoisting loading assembly according to the magnitude of the gravity, and apply a counterweight force to the test ring segment in stages, the magnitude of the counterweight force being equal to the magnitude of the gravity and the direction being opposite to the direction of the gravity;

[0033] A second control module, the second control module is configured to start a radial loading assembly according to the magnitude of the radial concentrated load, apply a radial load to the test ring segment in stages, and synchronously start a hoop loading assembly according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, and apply a hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test ring segment in stages;

[0034] A recording module, the recording module is configured to record the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a terminal device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test method as described above are implemented.

[0036] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test method as described above are implemented.

[0037] In summary, the present invention provides a shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test method. By obtaining the magnitude of the gravity of the vertical test ring segment and the actual load set, calculating the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, then starting the hoisting loading assembly to apply a lifting force to the test ring segment to achieve self-weight balance, starting the radial loading assembly to apply a radial load to the test ring segment, starting the hoop loading assembly to apply a hoop uniform load to the test ring segment, and recording the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment during the loading process. The extension line of the axis of the test ring segment of the present invention is in the horizontal direction, which is a standing segment prototype loading test. Compared with the existing horizontal test, it more realistically simulates the actual stress state of the segment; in addition, the present invention realizes self-weight balance through the hoisting loading assembly, can accurately simulate the self-weight reaction force provided by the formation in the actual working condition, solves the problem of concentrated self-weight reaction force in the standing segment prototype loading test, and more realistically simulates the actual stress state of the segment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2The top view of the test ring segment and the shield segment in the shaft structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 The flowchart of the prototype loading test method for the shaft-type shield segment provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the terminal device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0042] The text annotations in the figure are represented as:

[0043] 1. Support body; 11. Base; 111. Arc-shaped groove; 112. Rail; 113. First groove; 2. Test ring segment group; 21. Test ring segment; 3. Reaction frame; 31. Column; 32. Top inclined beam; 33. Top cross beam; 34. Top vertical beam; 4. Radial loading component; 41. Triangular bracket; 42. Horizontal loading beam; 43. Horizontal driving part; 44. Top loading part; 441. Top loading beam; 442. Top driving part; 45. Bottom loading part; 451. Bottom driving part; 5. Hoop loading component; 51. Hoop steel strand; 52. Hoop beam; 6. Hoisting loading component; 61. Hoisting steel strand; 62. Hoisting driving part; 8. Shaft structure; 81. Shaft wall; 700. Computer system; 701. CPU; 702. ROM; 703. RAM; 704. Bus; 705. I / O interface; 706. Input part; 707. Output part; 708. Storage part; 709. Communication part; 710. Driver; 711. Removable medium. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the related invention, rather than limiting the invention. Additionally, it should be noted that for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings.

[0045] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] As mentioned in the background art, the present invention proposes a prototype loading test device for shaft-type shield segments, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, including:

[0048] The support body 1 is used to support the test ring segment group 2. The test ring segment group 2 includes at least one test ring segment 21 arranged and connected to each other along the first direction. The test ring segment 21 is a shield segment, and each test ring segment 21 is composed of a plurality of arc segments. The extension direction of the axis of the test ring segment 21 is the first direction.

[0049] Among them, as Figure 1 shown, the first direction is the front-back direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Optionally, the test ring segment group 2 includes 3 test ring segments 21, and adjacent two test ring segments 21 are connected by bolts.

[0050] The reaction frame body includes at least one reaction frame group arranged along the first direction. Each reaction frame group is arranged corresponding to the test ring segment 21. Each reaction frame group includes at least one reaction frame 3. Each reaction frame 3 includes two columns 31 arranged along the second direction. The bottoms of the two columns 31 are both connected to the support body 1. A first space is formed between the columns 31 of each reaction frame group and the support body 1, and the first space is used to place the test ring segment 21. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0051] Among them, the second direction is the horizontal direction. Optionally, the reaction frame group includes 2 reaction frames 3, that is, each test ring segment 21 corresponds to 2 reaction frames 3.

[0052] The load loading system includes at least one loading mechanism corresponding to the reaction frame 3. Each loading mechanism includes:

[0053] The radial loading component 4 is used to apply an equivalent bending moment to the test ring segment 21. The equivalent bending moment is used to simulate the bending moment suffered by the shield segment under actual working conditions.

[0054] The hoop loading component 5 is used to apply an equivalent axial force to the test ring segment 21. The equivalent axial force is used to simulate the force of the axial force effect suffered by the shield segment under actual working conditions.

[0055] The hoisting loading component 6 is used to apply a lifting force to the test ring segment 21 to achieve the self-weight balance of the test ring segment 21.

[0056] Among them, under actual working conditions, the shield segment will bear a bending moment due to various factors such as surrounding soil and water pressure, uneven settlement, temperature change, etc. The surrounding soil and water pressure, the pressure inside the tunnel, and the mutual force between the shield segments, etc., will generate an axial force in the axial direction of the shield segment; in the test, the radial loading component 4 and the hoop loading component 5 apply an equivalent bending moment and an equivalent axial force to the test ring segment 21 to simulate the stress condition of the shield segment under actual working conditions, so as to test and evaluate the performance of the segment.

[0057] A monitoring component, the monitoring component is used to measure the structural internal force and deformation of the test ring segment 21;

[0058] Optionally, the monitoring component is a strain gauge, and multiple strain gauges are arranged on the inner and outer surfaces of the test ring segment 21 to measure the structural internal force and deformation of the test ring segment 21. The obtained structural internal force and deformation are used to optimize the segment structure design and evaluate the safety of the segment. This is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0059] The present invention is a standing segment prototype loading test. Compared with the lying test in the prior art, it simulates the actual stress state of the segment more realistically. The present invention provides equivalent bending moment and equivalent axial force to the test ring segment 21 through the radial loading component 4 and the hoop loading component 5. The two sets of loading components are loaded independently, and the operation is simple. In addition, the present invention realizes the self-weight balance of the test ring segment 21 through the hoisting loading component 6, which can accurately simulate the self-weight reaction force of the segment provided by the formation in the actual working condition, solves the problem of self-weight reaction force concentration in the standing segment prototype loading test, and more realistically simulates the actual stress state of the segment.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the test device is arranged in a shaft structure 8, the shaft structure 8 includes two shaft walls 81 distributed along the second direction, and the two columns 31 are connected to the corresponding shaft walls 81 at ends away from each other; the test ring segment group 2 is assembled by a shield machine.

[0061] The shaft structure 8 is a square shield starting shaft, and the bottom of the shaft structure 8 includes a shaft bottom plate of reinforced concrete, on which two embedded steel plates are embedded, and the embedded steel plates are arranged on both sides of the support body 1 along the second direction, and the embedded steel plates are used to connect with the columns 31 of the reaction frame 3. Each reaction frame 3 is in contact with the shaft wall 81 of the shaft structure 8, and the existing shaft structure 8 and the support body 1 of the shield project are used as the test platform, and the existing shield negative ring segment is used as the test ring segment 21, so that the prototype loading test is carried out without affecting the on-site shield construction, thereby reducing the segment prototype loading test cost.

[0062] The present invention starts excavation by means of a shield machine, and assembles shield segments in a shaft structure 8 to form a plurality of shield segments connected by bolts, selects three shield segments in the middle as a test ring segment group 2, and removes the bolts between the test ring segment group 2 and other shield segments; therefore, the test ring segment 21 is the shield segment, and the present invention uses a shield machine to complete the assembly, restores the actual assembly form of the shield segments, and uses the construction site as a test site, avoiding the problem of difficulty in finding a site, and can truly reflect the mechanical properties of the segments.

[0063] Specifically, each column 31 and the shaft wall 81 are connected by a column support assembly. The column support assembly is provided in the middle of the column 31. The column support assembly includes a column plate provided at the end of the column 31 away from the test segment ring 21, a threaded screw rod threadedly connected to the column plate, a ball head connected to the end of the threaded screw rod away from the column plate, and a wall plate provided on the shaft wall 81 near the test segment ring 21. Among them, the extending direction of the threaded screw rod is the second direction, and its length can be telescopically adjusted. After adjustment, the ball head abuts against the wall plate. When the column 31 is subjected to a horizontal force, the ball head can ensure that the force is evenly transmitted to the shaft structure 8, avoiding uneven loading.

[0064] In the prior art, due to the large diameter of the test segment ring 21 and the weight of each segment reaching about 15 tons, even for a horizontal test, a sufficiently large space needs to be found, and a hoisting device is used to complete the assembly of the test segment ring 21. This method has assembly errors, which will have an important impact on the mechanical state of the segment ring. The present invention uses a shield machine to complete the assembly, avoiding assembly errors, and using the construction site as the test site, avoiding the problem of difficult site search, and can truly reflect the mechanical properties of the segments.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, polyethylene plates are pasted at both ends of the test segment ring 21 group along the first direction to reduce the frictional resistance at the boundary position of the test segment ring 21.

[0066] Among them, the polyethylene plates are pasted in the ring joints. Since the test segment ring 21 will deform under the load of the load loading system, the shield segments on both sides of the test segment ring group 2 are prevented from interfering with it through the polyethylene plates.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the reaction frame 3 further includes two top inclined beams 32. One ends of the two top inclined beams 32 are connected, and the other ends are respectively connected to the two columns 31 away from the support body 1. A first included angle is formed between the two top inclined beams 32, and the opening of the first included angle faces the test segment ring 21.

[0068] Among them, the reaction frame 3 is a portal steel frame structure installed between the test segment ring 21 and the shaft wall 81, including columns 31, two top inclined beams 32, a top cross beam 33, and a top vertical beam 34. Among them, the extending direction of the top cross beam 33 is the second direction, and its two ends are respectively connected to the corresponding top inclined beams 32. The extending direction of the top vertical beam 34 is the vertical direction. One end of it is connected to the connection part of the two top inclined beams 32, and the other end is connected to the top cross beam 33. Each adjacent component is connected by high-strength bolts. The top cross beam 33 and the top inclined beams 32 form a triangular structure, improving the stability of the reaction frame 3.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the support body 1 includes a base 11. An arc-shaped groove 111 is formed on the top surface of the base 11. The arc-shaped groove 111 has an arc-shaped curved surface that matches the test ring segment 21. Two steel rails 112 are provided on the arc-shaped curved surface. The two steel rails 112 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the test ring segment 21 along the second direction, and the extending direction of the steel rails 112 is the first direction. The steel rails 112 are used to support the test ring segment 21.

[0070] Among them, a shield starting base is poured on the shaft floor as the base 11. The extending direction of the base 11 is the first direction. The base 11 includes a first base, a second base, and a third base that are sequentially distributed along the second direction. There are gaps between the three. The top surfaces of the three all have curved surfaces, jointly forming an arc-shaped curved surface. Steel rails 112 are provided on the first base and the third base. In addition to supporting the test ring segment 21, the steel rails 112 are also used for the shield machine to travel.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the hoisting and loading assembly 6 includes hoisting steel strands 61 that are looped around the outer wall of the test ring segment 21 near the support body 1, and further includes hoisting driving parts 62 provided on two top inclined beams 32. The two hoisting driving parts 62 are respectively connected to both ends of the hoisting steel strands 61. The two hoisting driving parts 62 can simultaneously apply a force along the third direction to the test ring segment 21. The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

[0072] Among them, optionally, the hoisting driving part 62 is a hollow oil cylinder. The third direction is the vertical direction. Fixed steel plates are welded at the positions corresponding to the horizontal boundaries of the test ring segment 21 on the top inclined beams 32. The fixed steel plates are provided at the mutually remote ends of the two top inclined beams 32 and are horizontally placed. The hoisting driving part 62 is provided in the middle above the fixed steel plates. Through holes are formed at the centers of the fixed steel plates and at the corresponding positions of the top inclined beams 32. The hoisting steel strands 61 pass through the through holes of the top inclined beams 32 and the fixed steel plates and are connected to the hollow oil cylinders. By the synchronous action of the two hollow oil cylinders, the test ring segment 21 can be moved up and down along the vertical direction.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the radial loading assembly 4 includes horizontal loading parts provided on both sides of the test ring segment 21 along the second direction, and vertical loading parts provided on both sides of the test ring segment 21 along the third direction. The horizontal loading parts are used to apply a horizontal force to the test ring segment 21 along the second direction, and the vertical loading parts are used to apply a vertical force to the test ring segment 21 along the third direction.

[0074] Among them, the horizontal loading part includes:

[0075] The triangular support 41 is provided at the middle of the column 31 near the end of the test ring segment 21. The triangular support 41 includes a horizontal support and an inclined support. One end of the horizontal support is connected to the column 31, and the other end is connected to the high end of the inclined support. The low end of the inclined support is connected to the column 31.

[0076] The horizontal loading beam 42 is provided on the outer wall of the test ring segment 21. Its extending direction is the vertical direction and is tangent to the outer wall of the test ring segment 21.

[0077] The horizontal driving part 43 is horizontally placed on the horizontal support. Optionally, the horizontal driving part 43 is a jack. The bottom of the jack is connected to the column 31 through a flange, and its top abuts against the horizontal loading beam 42.

[0078] Among them, the vertical loading part includes:

[0079] The top loading part 44 includes a top loading beam 441 provided at the top of the test ring segment 21. The top loading beam 441 is tangent to the top of the test ring segment 21. It also includes a top driving part 442. The bottom of the top driving part 442 is connected to the top cross beam 33, and the other end abuts against the top loading beam 441. Optionally, the top driving part 442 is a hydraulic jack.

[0080] The bottom loading part 45 includes a bottom loading beam provided at the bottom of the test ring segment 21. The bottom loading beam is tangent to the bottom of the test ring segment 21. It also includes a bottom driving part 451. Optionally, the bottom driving part 451 is a hydraulic jack. The hydraulic jack is telescopic and is used to apply a load to the bottom of the test ring segment 21. A first groove 113 is provided on the second base. In the initial state, the hydraulic jack is placed in the first groove 113. When a load is applied to the test ring segment 21, the piston rod of the hydraulic jack extends out of the first groove 113 and abuts against the bottom loading beam.

[0081] When the test ring segment group 2 includes multiple test ring segments 21, then multiple radial loading assemblies 4 are included. All the horizontal loading beams 42 on the left side of the test ring segment group 2 are integrated into one body, and all the horizontal loading beams 42, all the top loading beams 441 and all the bottom loading beams on the right side are respectively integrated into one body. And the first groove 113 is strip-shaped, and all the bottom driving parts 451 are placed in the first groove 113.

[0082] Further, a limiting groove is provided on the top cross beam 33. The opening of the limiting groove faces the side of the test ring segment 21, and its extending direction is the first direction. A sliding groove is provided on the bottom wall of the limiting groove, and the extending direction of the sliding groove is the first direction. The top of the hydraulic jack is provided with a buckle slider matching the sliding groove. The buckle slider can drive the hydraulic jack to slide in the sliding groove. After reaching the position, it is fixed on the sliding groove through the buckle structure of the buckle slider. A limiting baffle is provided at the opening of the limiting groove, and a limiting opening is provided on the limiting baffle. Before the hydraulic jack extends, it is placed in the limiting groove. When a load is applied to the test ring segment 21, the piston of the hydraulic jack abuts against the top of the test ring segment 21 through the limiting opening. The limiting baffle avoids the risk of the hydraulic jack falling off.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the hoop loading assembly 5 includes at least one hoop loading part. Each hoop loading part includes a hoop steel strand 51 wound around the test ring segment 21. One end of the hoop steel strand 51 is connected to the outer wall of the test ring segment 21, and the other end is connected to the hoop driving part. The hoop driving part is used to apply a tension force to the hoop steel strand 51.

[0084] Among them, due to the large internal force of the test ring segment 21, each test ring segment 21 is loaded with multiple hoop loading parts. Optionally, each test ring segment 21 is loaded with 4 hoop loading parts. A layer of rubber skin is sleeved outside the hoop steel strand 51, and the space between the rubber skin and the hoop steel strand 51 is filled with lubricating grease. Each hoop loading part further includes a hoop beam 52. The hoop beam 52 extends radially outward from the outer wall of the test ring segment 21. A steel strand through hole is provided in the middle of the hoop beam 52. The hoop driving part is arranged on the hoop beam 52. Optionally, the hoop driving part is a hollow oil cylinder. One end of the hoop steel strand 51 is fixed to the hoop beam 52 by a steel strand tool anchor, and the other end winds around the test ring segment 21 for one week, passes through the steel strand through hole and then is connected to the hollow oil cylinder. Due to the limited width of the test ring segment 21 and the inability to place multiple hollow oil cylinders, two hollow oil cylinders are respectively placed at the positions of 180-degree diagonals.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, a notch is opened at the top of the steel rail 112. The notch is used for the hoop steel strand 51 and the lifting steel strand 61 to pass through.

[0086] Among them, the number of notches is the same as the number of hoop steel strands 51 wound around the test ring segment 21 and the number of lifting steel strands 61 wound around the outer wall of the test ring segment 21. Optionally, 4 hoop steel strands 51 are wound outside each test ring segment 21, and one lifting steel strand 61 is wound. Therefore, the number of notches corresponding to each test ring segment 21 is 5.

[0087] Embodiment 2

[0088] Based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a test method for a prototype loading test device of a shaft-type shield segment, as follows Figure 3 shown, including the following steps:

[0089] S100. Obtain the gravity of the test ring segment 21 and the set of actual loads. The set of actual loads includes the top load, lateral top load, load difference between the lateral top and lateral bottom, and triangular formation horizontal resistance that the shield segment is subjected to under actual working conditions. The extension direction of the axis of the test ring segment 21 is the first direction, and the first direction is the horizontal direction. The test device includes a test ring segment group 2, and the test ring segment group 2 includes a plurality of test ring segments 21 arranged horizontally. The test ring segment 21 is a shield segment;

[0090] Among them, the following steps are also included before step S100:

[0091] S010. Construct a shield launching shaft, and pre-embed steel plates at the corresponding positions of the shaft floor;

[0092] S020. Pour a shield launching base on the shaft floor as the base 11, and reserve a first groove 113 on the second base of the base 11. Install rails 112 on the first base and the third base, and install a bottom driving part 451 in the first groove 113;

[0093] S030. Prefabricate the test ring segment 21, set monitoring components on the inner and outer sides of the test ring segment 21, and paste polyethylene plates at both ends of the test ring segment group 2;

[0094] S040. The shield starts tunneling, and the test ring segment 21 and other shield segments are assembled in the shaft structure 8, and the adjacent segment ring longitudinal joints are connected by bolts;

[0095] S050. Install the reaction frame body and the load loading system;

[0096] S060. After the test ring segment 21 is no longer affected by the tunneling thrust of the shield machine, remove the connection bolts between the test ring segment 21 and the adjacent shield segment, and start the test.

[0097] Optionally, before the shield machine is assembled, the weight of each segment can be obtained through a weighing device, and then according to the number of segments required for assembling the test ring segment 21, the gravity of the test ring segment 21 can be calculated, and the tester inputs this gravity into the control unit of the test device.

[0098] Furthermore, obtaining the set of actual loads includes the following steps:

[0099] S101. Obtain the centroid radius of the test ring segment 21 and the soil information and water information of the tunnel where the shaft structure 8 is located;

[0100] Among them, the centroid radius can be calculated by measuring the inner diameter and outer diameter of the test ring segment 21. The soil information and water information can be obtained through hydrogeological exploration. The soil information includes the type of soil, the thickness of the overburden layer, the formation properties, the width of the loosening zone, etc. The water information includes the radial water pressure along the tunnel, the net water head height at the top of the tunnel, etc.

[0101] S102. Obtain the actual load set according to the centroid radius, soil information and water information;

[0102] Among them, the actual load set can be obtained by referring to relevant specifications according to the centroid radius, soil information and water information;

[0103] S200. Calculate the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the actual load set; The magnitude of the hoop uniform load is calculated according to the actual load set through the following formula:

[0104] Formula (5)

[0105] In the formula, F h is the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, q c is the lateral top load; q s is the load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom; q k is the triangular formation horizontal resistance.

[0106] S300. Start the hoisting and loading component 6 according to the magnitude of the gravity, and apply the counterweight reaction force to the test ring segment 21 in stages. The magnitude of the counterweight reaction force is equal to the magnitude of the gravity, and the direction is opposite to the direction of the gravity;

[0107] S400. According to the magnitude of the radial concentrated load, start the radial loading component 4 to apply the radial load to the test ring segment 21 in stages, and synchronously start the hoop loading component 5 according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load to apply the hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test ring segment 21 in stages;

[0108] S500. Record the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment 21.

[0109] After the hoisting and loading component 6 lifts the test ring segment group 2, the test ring segment group 2 is separated from the rail 112, and then the radial loading component 4 and the hoop loading component 5 are used to apply loads to the test ring segment 21 to simulate the stress condition of the shield segment in the actual working condition.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the magnitude of the radial concentrated load includes the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load and the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load. The magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load is obtained through the following formula:

[0111] Formula (1)

[0112] Wherein: Formula (2)

[0113] In the formula, q d is the top load; q c is the lateral top load; q s is the load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom; q k is the triangular formation horizontal resistance; F s is the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load; R is the centroid radius of the shield segment.

[0114] The magnitude of the vertical concentrated load is obtained by the following formula:

[0115] Formula (3)

[0116] Wherein: Formula (4)

[0117] In the formula, F z is the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load.

[0118] Wherein, the loads applied by the horizontal loading parts on both sides to the test ring segment 21 in the second direction are opposite in direction, and the magnitudes of the loads are both equal to the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load; the loads applied by the top loading part 44 and the bottom loading part 45 to the test ring segment 21 in the third direction are opposite in direction, and the magnitudes of the loads are both equal to the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load.

[0119] In addition, a, b, c, and d involved in the above formulas are all coefficients, which play a role in simplifying the formulas.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, after calculating the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the actual load set, the following steps are further included:

[0121] S210. Start the hoisting and loading assembly 6 according to the magnitude of the gravity, and apply a counterweight reaction force to the test ring segment 21 in stages. The magnitude of the counterweight reaction force is equal to the magnitude of the gravity, and the direction is opposite to the direction of the gravity;

[0122] After the test segment ring group 2, the reaction frame body, and the load loading system are assembled, the control unit obtains the gravity of the test segment 21, and calculates the magnitudes of the horizontal concentrated load, the vertical concentrated load, and the hoop uniform load. The control unit sends a hoisting instruction to each hoisting and loading component 6. After receiving the hoisting instruction, all the hoisting and loading components 6 synchronously lift the hoisting steel strands 61 through the hollow oil cylinders of each hoisting and loading component 6 to achieve the self-weight balance of the test segment 21.

[0123] S220. Start the vertical loading part according to the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load, and apply the vertical concentrated load to both ends of the test segment 21 in the third direction in stages; start the horizontal loading part according to the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load, and apply the horizontal concentrated load to both ends of the test segment 21 in the second direction in stages; start the hoop loading part synchronously according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, and apply the hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test segment 21 in stages; wherein, the second direction is the horizontal direction and is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third direction is the vertical direction.

[0124] S230. Record the internal force and deformation of the test segment 21.

[0125] After hoisting is completed, the hoisting and loading component 6 sends a hoisting completion signal to the control unit. After receiving this signal, the control unit sends a start signal to the top driving part 442, the bottom driving part 451, the horizontal driving part 43, and the hoop driving part. After receiving the signal, the top driving part 442, the bottom driving part 451, the horizontal driving part 43, and the hoop driving part perform staged loading on the test segment 21.

[0126] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0127] Using the existing shaft structure 8 and the support body 1 of the shield project as the test platform, and using the existing shield segments as the test objects, a prototype loading test is carried out without affecting the on-site shield construction, reducing the cost of the segment prototype loading test.

[0128] This test is a standing segment prototype loading test. The test segment ring 21 is assembled by the shield machine, which can solve the problem that the existing flat segment prototype loading test cannot consider the influence of the segment structure self-weight and assembly error on the mechanical state of the segment ring, and more realistically simulate the actual stress situation of the segment.

[0129] The self-weight balance of the test segment 21 is achieved through the hoisting and loading component 6, which can accurately simulate the self-weight reaction provided by the stratum in the actual working condition and solve the problem of concentrated self-weight reaction in the standing segment prototype loading test.

[0130] The load borne by the reaction frame 3 is much smaller than that of the reaction frame used in the flat segment loading test in the laboratory, and the shaft structure 8 can be used as a support. Therefore, the internal force of the reaction frame 3 is relatively small, the construction cost is low, and the structure is simple.

[0131] Embodiment 3

[0132] Based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the present invention proposes a shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test system for implementing the above-mentioned shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test method. The system includes:

[0133] An acquisition module, which is configured to acquire the gravity of the test ring segment 21 and the set of actual loads. The set of actual loads includes the top load, the lateral top load, the load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom, and the triangular formation horizontal resistance received by the shield segment in the actual working condition. The extension direction of the axis of the test ring segment 21 is the first direction, and the first direction is the horizontal direction. The test device includes a test ring segment group 2, and the test ring segment group 2 includes a plurality of test ring segments 21 arranged horizontally. The test ring segment 21 is a shield segment;

[0134] A calculation module, which is configured to calculate the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the set of actual loads;

[0135] A first control module, which is configured to start the hoisting and loading assembly 6 according to the gravity to apply a counterweight reaction force to the test ring segment 21 in stages. The magnitude of the counterweight reaction force is equal to the gravity, and the direction is opposite to the gravity direction;

[0136] A second control module, which is configured to start the radial loading assembly 4 to apply a radial load to the test ring segment 21 in stages according to the magnitude of the radial concentrated load, and start the hoop loading assembly 5 to apply a hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test ring segment 21 in stages according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load;

[0137] A recording module, which is configured to record the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment 21.

[0138] Embodiment 4

[0139] As Figure 4As shown, the computer system 700 of the terminal device includes a CPU 701, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the programs stored in the ROM 702 or the programs loaded from the storage section 708 into the RAM 703. In the RAM 703, various programs and data required for system operations are also stored. The CPU 701, ROM 702, and RAM 703 are connected to each other via a bus 704. An I / O interface 705 is also connected to the bus 704. The following components are connected to the I / O interface 705: an input section 706 including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output section 707 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. and a speaker, etc.; a storage section 708 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 709 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, etc. The communication section 709 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive is also connected to the I / O interface 705 as needed. A removable medium 711, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the drive 710 as needed so that the computer program read from it can be installed into the storage section 708 as needed.

[0140] Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the process described above with reference to the flow Figure 3 can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, Embodiment 4 of the present invention includes a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program contains program codes for performing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the network via the communication section, and / or installed from the removable medium. When the computer program is executed by the CPU 701, the above functions defined in the computer system 700 are executed.

[0141] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium shown in the present invention can be a computer-readable signal medium, a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination of the above two. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium can include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and this program can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present invention, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries computer-readable program code. Such a propagated data signal can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above. A computer-readable signal medium can also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, and this computer-readable medium can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on a computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, optical cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0142] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments 4 of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code, and the above module, program segment, or part of code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks shown may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagram or flowchart, as well as the combination of blocks in the block diagram or flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system for performing the specified functions or operations, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0143] As another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or may exist alone without being assembled into the electronic device. The above computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, and when the one or more programs are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device realizes the shaft shield segment prototype loading test method as described in the above embodiments.

[0144] It should be noted that although several modules or units of the device for action execution are mentioned in the above detailed description, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, the features and functions of two or more of the above-described modules or units can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0145] In addition, although the steps of the method in the present invention are described in a specific order in the drawings, this does not require or imply that the steps must be executed in this specific order, or that all the steps shown must be executed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, some steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step for execution, and / or one step may be decomposed into multiple steps for execution, etc.

[0146] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can easily understand that the example embodiments described here can be implemented by software or by a combination of software and necessary hardware.

[0147] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the technical solutions formed by mutually replacing the above features with the (but not limited to) technical features having similar functions disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A prototype loading test method for shaft-type shield segments, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Obtain the gravity of the test ring segment (21) and the set of actual loads. The set of actual loads includes the top load, lateral top load, load difference between the lateral top and lateral bottom, and triangular formation horizontal resistance that the shield segment experiences under actual working conditions. The extension direction of the axis of the test ring segment (21) is the first direction, and the first direction is the horizontal direction. The test device includes a test ring segment group (2) and a reaction frame body. The test ring segment group (2) includes a plurality of the test ring segments (21) arranged horizontally. The test ring segment (21) is the shield segment; the test ring segment group (2) is formed by assembling with a shield machine; the reaction frame body includes at least one reaction frame group arranged along the first direction. Each reaction frame group is correspondingly arranged with the test ring segment (21). Each reaction frame group includes at least one reaction frame (3). Each reaction frame (3) includes two columns (31) arranged along the second direction. The bottom ends of the two columns (31) are both connected to the support body (1). A first space is formed between the columns (31) of each reaction frame group and the support body (1) for placing the test ring segment (21). The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; the reaction frame (3) further includes two top inclined beams (32). One ends of the two top inclined beams (32) are connected, and the other ends are respectively connected to the ends of the two columns (31) away from the support body (1). A first included angle is formed between the two top inclined beams (32), and the opening of the first included angle faces the test ring segment (21); Calculate the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniformly distributed load according to the set of actual loads; the magnitude of the radial concentrated load includes the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load and the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load; Start the hoisting and loading assembly (6) according to the magnitude of the gravity, and apply a counterweight reaction force to the test ring segment (21) in stages. The magnitude of the counterweight reaction force is equal to the magnitude of the gravity, and the direction is opposite to the gravity direction; the hoisting and loading assembly (6) includes hoisting steel strands (61) looped around the outer wall of the test ring segment (21) near the support body (1), and further includes hoisting driving parts (62) arranged on the two top inclined beams (32). The two hoisting driving parts (62) are respectively connected to the two ends of the hoisting steel strands (61). The two hoisting driving parts (62) can simultaneously apply a force along the third direction to the test ring segment (21). The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction; Start the vertical loading part according to the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load, and apply the vertical concentrated load to both ends of the test ring segment (21) in the third direction in stages; start the horizontal loading part according to the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load, and apply the horizontal concentrated load to both ends of the test ring segment (21) in the second direction in stages; start the hoop uniform load part synchronously according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, and apply the hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test ring segment (21) in stages; wherein, the second direction is the horizontal direction and is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third direction is the vertical direction; Record the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment (21).

2. The prototype loading test method for the shaft-type shield segment according to claim 1, wherein The test device is arranged in the shaft structure (8).

3. The prototype loading test method for the shaft-type shield segment according to claim 1, characterized in that The magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load is obtained by the following formula: Formula (1) Wherein: Formula (2) In the formula, q d is the top load; q c is the lateral top load; q s is the load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom; q k is the triangular formation horizontal resistance; F s is the magnitude of the horizontal concentrated load; R is the centroid radius of the shield segment.

4. The method for the prototype loading test of the shaft-type shield segment according to claim 3, wherein, The magnitude of the vertical concentrated load is obtained by the following formula: Formula (3) Wherein: Formula (4) In the formula, F z is the magnitude of the vertical concentrated load.

5. The method for the prototype loading test of the shaft-type shield segment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnitude of the hoop uniform load calculated according to the actual load set is realized by the following formula: Formula (5) In the formula, F h is the magnitude of the uniformly distributed load of the hoop.

6. A prototype loading test system for shaft-type shield segments, which is used to implement the prototype loading test method for shaft-type shield segments as described in any one of claims 1-5, and is characterized in that, The system includes: An acquisition module, which is configured to acquire the gravity of the test ring segment (21) and the actual load set. The actual load set includes the top load, the lateral top load, the load difference between the lateral top and the lateral bottom, and the triangular formation horizontal resistance received by the shield segment in the actual working condition. The extension line direction of the axis of the test ring segment (21) is the first direction, and the first direction is the horizontal direction. The test device includes a test ring segment group (2), and the test ring segment group (2) includes a plurality of the test ring segments (21) arranged horizontally. The test ring segment (21) is the shield segment; A calculation module, which is configured to calculate the magnitude of the radial concentrated load and the magnitude of the hoop uniform load according to the actual load set; A first control module, which is configured to start the hoisting and loading assembly (6) according to the magnitude of the gravity, and apply the counterweight reaction force to the test ring segment (21) in stages. The magnitude of the counterweight reaction force is equal to the magnitude of the gravity, and the direction is opposite to the direction of the gravity; A second control module, which is configured to start the radial loading assembly (4) according to the magnitude of the radial concentrated load, apply the radial load to the test ring segment (21) in stages, and synchronously start the hoop loading assembly (5) according to the magnitude of the hoop uniform load, and apply the hoop uniform load to the outer wall circumference of the test ring segment (21) in stages; A recording module, which is configured to record the internal force and deformation of the test ring segment (21).

7. A terminal device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the shaft-type shield segment prototype loading test method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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