Test device for researching influence factors of ecological slope of reservoir area and use method of test device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional simulation test device for researching influence factors of an ecological slope of a reservoir area and a use method, and belongs to the technical field of design and manufacturing of ecological environment engineering test simulation devices. According to the multifunctional simulation test device for researching the reservoir area ecological slope influence factors and the use method, the natural environment of a reservoir slope can be comprehensively simulated, and the slope change condition under the multi-factor coupling effect is comprehensively considered. The multifunctional simulation test device comprises a monitoring assembly, a natural environment construction system and a simulation side slope filled with reservoir area undisturbed soil, and the simulation side slope is movably arranged in the natural environment construction system. The simulated slope grows and constructs a simulated vegetation slope through the cooperation of the natural environment construction system and seeds scattered on the undisturbed soil body of the reservoir area; the simulated vegetation slope displays the change condition of the simulated vegetation slope in typical natural sunshine and rain states simulated by the natural environment construction system, and related information is recorded and monitored through the monitoring assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multifunctional simulation test device, in particular to a multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope of a reservoir area, belonging to the technical field of design and manufacturing of ecological environment engineering test simulation devices. The present invention also relates to a method for using the multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope of a reservoir area to simulate the climatic conditions of a reservoir area. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, global warming has increased surface evaporation and transpiration, accelerated water circulation, and led to more frequent and severe extreme precipitation events, which in turn exacerbated the occurrence of secondary disasters such as floods, persistent high temperature heat waves, droughts and landslides, seriously affecting the safety and development of human activities. Traditional slope protection measures mostly use engineering reinforcement technology, which can only play the role of soil consolidation and water retention. Not only can it not improve the ecological environment, but it will also have an irreversible destructive effect on the original ecological structure. With the decision to promote the protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and not to engage in large-scale development, natural green vegetation slope protection technology has gradually been applied to actual engineering construction.

[0003] However, it will cost a lot of manpower and material resources to directly carry out vegetation cultivation, rainfall, temperature control and dry-wet cycle tests on bare soil slopes in the reservoir area to study the soil consolidation and slope protection effect of vegetation slopes. In addition, the factors affecting the stability of the slopes on site in the reservoir area are coupled with each other and are not within the controllable range, which will increase the difficulty of conducting field tests and affect the reliability of the test results and the accuracy of the analysis results. Indoor model tests have the characteristics of controllable influencing conditions, precise research focus, scientific and reliable test data and analysis results. At present, although the indoor and model tests of reservoir bank slopes have considered the influence of slope surface vegetation on slope stability, there are few studies on the soil infiltration process and landslide disaster mechanism of vegetation slopes under complex climatic conditions, and there are few studies on the destruction and deformation characteristics of vegetation slopes under the action of dry-wet cycles. It is difficult for existing model devices to reproduce the multi-factor coupling effects on reservoir bank slopes under natural conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope of the reservoir area, which can more comprehensively simulate the natural environment of the slope of the reservoir area and comprehensively consider the slope changes under the coupling of multiple factors, and a method for using the multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope of the reservoir area to simulate the climatic conditions of the reservoir area.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is: a multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area, the multifunctional simulation test device includes a monitoring component, a natural environment construction system and a simulated slope filled with the original soil of the reservoir area, the simulated slope activity is arranged in the natural environment construction system, and the simulated slope is constructed into a simulated vegetation slope by the seeds sown on the original soil of the reservoir area with the cooperation of the natural environment construction system; during the study of the influencing factors of the ecological slope, the simulated vegetation slope shows its changes under the typical natural sun and rain conditions simulated by the natural environment construction system, and the relevant information is recorded and monitored by the monitoring component.

[0006] Furthermore, the multifunctional simulation test device also includes a mobile support wheel group, and the natural environment construction system can be moved to a specified position as needed through the mobile support wheel group arranged at its bottom; the monitoring component includes at least a soil pressure box, a moisture sensor and a displacement sensor, and the soil pressure box, moisture sensor and displacement sensor are each buried in the original soil of the reservoir area according to the specified position.

[0007] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the natural environment construction system includes at least an environment simulation box, a rainfall simulation component and a sunshine simulation component. The simulated slope with an adjustable inclination is arranged in the environment simulation box, and the rainfall simulation component and the sunshine simulation component are arranged in the environment simulation box above the simulated slope in positions that are adapted to each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the natural environment construction system also includes a growth environment control component and a seasonal climate environment simulation component. The temperature and humidity environment in which the vegetation grows in the environmental simulation box is controlled and determined by the growth environment control component, and the different seasonal conditions and extreme climate conditions of the original soil in the reservoir area filled on the simulated slope are constructed through the seasonal climate environment simulation component in cooperation with the growth environment control component.

[0009] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the environmental simulation box is a box body composed of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates, acrylic glass plates and transparent films; the bottom plate, rear end plate and front ends of the side wall plates of the environmental simulation box are composed of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates; the middle and rear sections of the side wall plates and the lower part of the front end plate of the environmental simulation box are composed of acrylic glass plates; the top plate and the middle and upper part of the front end plate of the environmental simulation box are composed of transparent films; the rainfall simulation component and the sunshine simulation component are arranged on the top of the environmental simulation box through the wall plates on both sides; the growth environment control component is connected to the inner cavity of the environmental simulation box through the rear end plate; the seasonal climate environment simulation component is movably arranged on the outside of the front end plate through the wall plates on both sides; and the movable support wheel group is arranged on the outside of the bottom plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the rainfall simulation component includes a set of flow statistics box groups, at least two sets of support rods and at least four rainfall nozzles. The set of flow statistics box groups includes a plastic box body, a set of circulating water vacuum pumps and a turbine flowmeter. At least two rainfall nozzles are arranged at intervals on each set of support rods. Each set of support rods is arranged at intervals on the top of the environmental simulation box through the wall panels on both sides. Each rainfall nozzle is connected to the liquid output end of the circulating water vacuum pump respectively and simultaneously. The liquid input end of the circulating water vacuum pump is located in the plastic box body. The plastic box body is connected to the environmental simulation box from the bottom with the cooperation of the turbine flowmeter; the sunlight simulation component includes multiple sets of ultraviolet cultivation lamps, and at least one set of ultraviolet cultivation lamps is arranged on each set of support rods.

[0011] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the growth environment control component includes a temperature regulator, a delivery pipe and a temperature sensor, a temperature control air outlet is arranged on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box, the temperature control gas output by the temperature regulator is input into the environmental simulation box from the temperature control air outlet through the delivery pipe, and the ambient temperature in the environmental simulation box is monitored by a temperature sensor arranged at the top of the front end of the environmental simulation box; the seasonal climate environment simulation component includes a short-wave infrared baking lamp and a rotating clip bracket, and the short-wave infrared baking lamp is movably arranged on the outer side of the acrylic glass plate at the front end of the environmental simulation box through the rotating clip bracket with the cooperation of the two side walls of the environmental simulation box.

[0012] Furthermore, the simulated slope includes a spiral lifting mechanism and a composite slope movable plate. The lower end of the composite slope movable plate is hinged to the bottom plate of the front section of the environmental simulation box, and the upper end of the composite slope movable plate is arranged on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box with an adjustable inclination through the spiral lifting mechanism; the original soil of the reservoir area is filled on the composite slope movable plate.

[0013] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the spiral lifting mechanism includes a fixed support and a turntable, a stainless steel spiral lifting rod and a movable hinge, the fixed support and the turntable are fixedly mounted on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box, and the stainless steel spiral lifting rod is screwed on the fixed support and the turntable of the turntable; the composite slope movable plate includes a front movable bottom plate, a rotating shaft, a rear movable bottom plate and a central rotating shaft, the lower end of the rear movable bottom plate is hinged to the bottom plate of the front section of the environmental simulation box through the central rotating shaft, the upper end of the rear movable bottom plate is hinged to the lower end of the front movable bottom plate through the rotating shaft, and the lower end of the front movable bottom plate is hinged to the lower end of the stainless steel spiral lifting rod through a movable hinge.

[0014] The bottom plate at the position of the two side wall panels made of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates is also filled with the original soil of the reservoir area. A filter is also arranged on the bottom plate filled with the original soil of the reservoir area. The liquid input end of the turbine flowmeter is connected to the environmental simulation box from the bottom with the cooperation of the filter.

[0015] The method for using the multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influence factors of the ecological slope of the reservoir area to simulate the climate conditions of the reservoir area comprises the following steps:

[0016] 1) The position angle of the movable floor is adjusted by the spiral lifting component to achieve the expected inclination angle of the slope. The original soil of the reservoir area is used to fill the slope surface on the rear movable floor, and then the slope protection vegetation grass seeds are sprinkled to create a smooth slope foot in front of the sediment accumulation area at the front edge of the vegetation slope test box;

[0017] 2) Use a temperature regulator to maintain the optimal cultivation temperature according to the plant growth characteristics, adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to meet the moisture required for vegetation cultivation, and adjust the opening time and light intensity of the ultraviolet cultivation lamp to meet the light required for grass seed germination and growth, until the slope vegetation reaches the specified coverage rate and takes root in the shallow surface layer of the slope, initially forming a vegetation slope;

[0018] 3) Bury soil pressure boxes, moisture sensors, and displacement sensors inside the vegetation slope to record the moisture content, displacement, and deformation parameters of the shallow surface soil of the vegetation slope under the action of rainfall and dry-wet cycles;

[0019] 4) Fill the flow statistics box with water and adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to simulate the three situations of daily rainfall in the designed reservoir area of ​​30mm, 50mm and 90mm, corresponding to the three rainfall modes of moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm respectively. Start the circulating water vacuum pump and two turbine flow meters to record the precipitation during the rainfall period Q 降 and runoff Q 径 , then the rainfall infiltration into the vegetation slope per unit time is I = (Q 降 -Q 径 ) / (t*s), t is the duration of rainfall, s is the surface area of ​​the vegetation slope,

[0020] After runoff scouring, a sediment accumulation area will form around the filter. The sediment content can be weighed to quantify the degree of rainfall erosion on the vegetation slopes with different coverage rates.

[0021] 5) Adjust the short-wave infrared lamp to be parallel to the vegetation slope by rotating the buckle bracket, use the temperature regulator to adjust the temperature in the vegetation slope test box, simulate the reservoir climate conditions in different seasons or extreme conditions, turn on the short-wave infrared lamp to bake the vegetation slope after rainfall until the slope surface cracks and the vegetation begins to wilt, repeat the rainfall step in step 3 and count the test indicators, and carry out dry-wet cycle tests with different cycles on the vegetation slope;

[0022] Through steps 1 to 5, the deformation and destruction process of vegetation slopes with different inclination angles under different climatic conditions in the reservoir area can be realistically simulated, and vegetation cultivation of soil slopes, quantitative statistics of rainwater erosion and slope surface infiltration, and research on the destruction mechanism under the action of dry-wet cycles can be achieved.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the technical solution provided by the present application is to set up a set of multifunctional simulation test devices including a monitoring component, a natural environment construction system and a simulated slope filled with original soil in the reservoir area, and arrange the simulated slope activities in the natural environment construction system, and then the simulated slope is constructed into a simulated vegetation slope by sowing seeds on the original soil in the reservoir area with the cooperation of the natural environment construction system; then in the process of studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope, the simulated vegetation slope is made to display its changes under the typical sun exposure and rain conditions in nature simulated by the natural environment construction system, and the relevant information is recorded and monitored by the monitoring component, thereby solving the problems of vegetation slope destruction and deformation, vegetation slope soil infiltration process and landslide disaster mechanism that are rarely studied in the prior art. By using the multifunctional simulation test device provided by the present application, since the natural environment construction system can simulate the changes of vegetation slopes under the typical sun exposure and rain conditions in nature, the purpose of being able to more comprehensively simulate the natural environment of the slope in the reservoir area of ​​the reservoir, and comprehensively consider the changes of the slope under the coupling of multiple factors, is achieved, and more reliable parameters and basis are provided for actual engineering construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure without the top wall and accompanying components;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A longitudinal cross-sectional view of

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a spiral lifting mechanism involved in a multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of ecological slopes in reservoir areas according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a flow statistics box involved in a multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of ecological slopes in reservoir areas.

[0029] Marked in the figure are: movable supporting wheel group 1, bottom plate 2, rear end plate 3, front end 4, middle and rear section 5, lower part 6, support rod 7, rainfall nozzle 8, plastic box 9, circulating water vacuum pump 10, turbine flowmeter 11, ultraviolet cultivation lamp 12, temperature regulator 13, delivery pipe 14, temperature sensor 15, short-wave infrared baking lamp 16, rotating snap bracket 17, fixed support and turntable 18, stainless steel spiral lifting rod 19, movable hinge 20, front movable bottom plate 21, rotating shaft 22, rear movable bottom plate 23, central rotating shaft 24, filter 25. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] like Figure 1 to Figure 5The multifunctional simulation test device provided by the present invention can more comprehensively simulate the natural environment of the slope of a reservoir area, comprehensively consider the slope changes under the coupling of multiple factors, and is used to study the influencing factors of the ecological slope of the reservoir area, as well as a method of using the multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope of the reservoir area to simulate the climatic conditions of the reservoir area. The multifunctional simulation test device includes a monitoring component, a natural environment construction system, and a simulated slope filled with the original soil of the reservoir area. The simulated slope activity is arranged in the natural environment construction system. The simulated slope is constructed into a simulated vegetation slope by the seeds sown on the original soil of the reservoir area under the cooperation of the natural environment construction system. In the process of studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope, the simulated vegetation slope shows its changes under the typical natural sun and rain conditions simulated by the natural environment construction system, and the relevant information is recorded and monitored by the monitoring component. The technical solution provided by the present application is to set up a set of multifunctional simulation test devices including monitoring components, a natural environment construction system and a simulated slope filled with original soil in the reservoir area, and arrange the simulated slope activities in the natural environment construction system, and then the simulated slope is constructed into a simulated vegetation slope by sowing seeds on the original soil in the reservoir area with the cooperation of the natural environment construction system; then in the process of studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope, the simulated vegetation slope is made to display its changes under the typical natural sun and rain conditions simulated by the natural environment construction system, and the relevant information is recorded and monitored by the monitoring components, thereby solving the problems of vegetation slope destruction and deformation, vegetation slope soil infiltration process and landslide disaster mechanism that are rarely studied in the prior art. By using the multifunctional simulation test device provided by the present application, since the natural environment construction system can simulate the changes of vegetation slopes under typical natural sun and rain conditions, the purpose of being able to more comprehensively simulate the natural environment of the slope in the reservoir area and comprehensively consider the changes of the slope under the coupling of multiple factors can be achieved, providing more reliable parameters and basis for actual engineering construction. At the same time, in order to facilitate the movement of the multifunctional simulation test device of the present application, the multifunctional simulation test device described in the present application also includes a mobile support wheel group 1, and the natural environment construction system can be moved to a specified position as needed through the mobile support wheel group 1 arranged at the bottom thereof; the monitoring component includes at least a soil pressure box, a moisture sensor and a displacement sensor, and the soil pressure box, the moisture sensor and the displacement sensor are each buried in the original soil of the reservoir area according to the specified position.

[0031] Accordingly, in order to achieve effective simulation of the natural environment of the slope of the reservoir area while simplifying the structure of each component as much as possible to facilitate manufacturing and subsequent use, the natural environment construction system of the present application includes at least an environment simulation box, a rainfall simulation component and a sunshine simulation component. The simulated slope with an adjustable inclination is arranged in the environment simulation box, and the rainfall simulation component and the sunshine simulation component are arranged in the environment simulation box above the simulated slope in a mutually adaptive manner. At this time, the preferred method is that the environmental simulation box is a box body composed of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates, acrylic glass plates and transparent films. The bottom plate 2, rear end plate 3 and front end portions 4 of the side wall panels of the environmental simulation box are composed of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates, the middle and rear sections 5 of the side wall panels of the environmental simulation box and the lower portion 6 of the front end panel are composed of acrylic glass plates, the top plate of the environmental simulation box and the middle and upper portions of the front end panel are composed of transparent films, the rainfall simulation component and the sunshine simulation component are arranged on the top of the environmental simulation box through the wall panels on both sides, the growth environment control component is connected to the inner cavity of the environmental simulation box through the rear end plate 3, the seasonal climate environment simulation component is movably arranged on the outside of the front end panel through the wall panels on both sides, and the movable support wheel group 1 is arranged on the outside of the bottom plate 2. The rainfall simulation component includes a set of flow statistics box groups, at least two groups of support rods 7 and at least four rainfall nozzles 8. The set of flow statistics box groups includes a plastic box body 9, a set of circulating water vacuum pumps 10 and a turbine flowmeter 11. At least two rainfall nozzles 8 are arranged at intervals on each group of support rods 7. Each group of support rods 7 is arranged at intervals on the top of the environmental simulation box through the wall panels on both sides. Each rainfall nozzle 8 is connected to the liquid output end of the circulating water vacuum pump 10 respectively and simultaneously. The liquid input end of the circulating water vacuum pump 10 is located in the plastic box body 9. The plastic box body 9 is connected to the environmental simulation box from the bottom with the cooperation of the turbine flowmeter 11; the sunlight simulation component includes multiple groups of ultraviolet cultivation lamps 12, and at least one group of ultraviolet cultivation lamps 12 is arranged on each group of support rods 7.

[0032] Furthermore, in order to provide a dry and wet environment and temperature for vegetation growth, and at the same time to withstand extreme climate tolerance after the simulated vegetation slope is formed, the natural environment construction system of the present application includes at least a growth environment control component and a seasonal climate environment simulation component. The temperature and humidity environment in which the vegetation grows in the environmental simulation box is controlled and determined by the growth environment control component, and the different seasonal conditions and extreme climate conditions of the original soil in the reservoir area filled on the simulated slope are constructed through the seasonal climate environment simulation component with the cooperation of the growth environment control component. At this time, the preferred mode is that the growth environment control component includes a temperature regulator 13, a delivery pipe 14 and a temperature sensor 15, a temperature adjustment air outlet is arranged on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box, and the temperature adjustment gas output by the temperature regulator 13 is input into the environmental simulation box from the temperature adjustment air outlet through the delivery pipe 14, and the ambient temperature in the environmental simulation box is monitored by the temperature sensor 15 arranged at the top of the front end of the environmental simulation box; the seasonal climate environment simulation component includes a short-wave infrared heating lamp 16 and a rotating buckle bracket 17, and the short-wave infrared heating lamp 16 is arranged on the outer side of the acrylic glass plate at the front end of the environmental simulation box through the rotating buckle bracket 17 with the cooperation of the two side walls of the environmental simulation box. The simulated slope includes a spiral lifting mechanism and a composite slope movable plate, the lower end of the composite slope movable plate is hinged to the bottom plate of the front section of the environmental simulation box, and the upper end of the composite slope movable plate is arranged on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box through the spiral lifting mechanism with adjustable inclination; the original soil of the reservoir area is filled on the composite slope movable plate. More specifically, the spiral lifting mechanism described in the present application includes a fixed support and a turntable 18, a stainless steel spiral lifting rod 19 and a movable hinge 20. The fixed support and the turntable 18 are fixedly mounted on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box, and the stainless steel spiral lifting rod 19 is screwed on the fixed support and the turntable 18; the composite slope movable plate includes a front movable bottom plate 21, a rotating shaft 22, a rear movable bottom plate 23 and a central rotating shaft 24, and the lower end of the rear movable bottom plate 23 is connected to the front movable bottom plate in the environmental simulation box through the central rotating shaft 24. The bottom plate of the section is hinged, the upper end of the rear movable bottom plate 23 is hinged to the lower end of the front movable bottom plate 21 through the rotating shaft 22, the lower end of the front movable bottom plate 21 is hinged to the lower end of the stainless steel spiral lifting rod 19 through the movable hinge 20, the bottom plate at the position of the two side wall panels composed of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates is also filled with the original soil of the reservoir area, and a filter 25 is also arranged on the bottom plate filled with the original soil of the reservoir area, and the liquid input end of the turbine flowmeter 11 is connected to the environmental simulation box from the bottom with the cooperation of the filter.

[0033] Thus, the method of using the multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope of the reservoir area described in this application to simulate the climate conditions of the reservoir area is as follows:

[0034] 1) The position angle of the movable floor is adjusted by the spiral lifting component to achieve the expected inclination angle of the slope. The original soil of the reservoir area is used to fill the slope surface on the rear movable floor, and then the slope protection vegetation grass seeds are sprinkled to create a smooth slope foot in front of the sediment accumulation area at the front edge of the vegetation slope test box;

[0035] 2) Use a temperature regulator to maintain the optimal cultivation temperature according to the plant growth characteristics, adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to meet the moisture required for vegetation cultivation, and adjust the opening time and light intensity of the ultraviolet cultivation lamp to meet the light required for grass seed germination and growth, until the slope vegetation reaches the specified coverage rate and takes root in the shallow surface layer of the slope, initially forming a vegetation slope;

[0036] 3) Bury soil pressure boxes, moisture sensors, and displacement sensors inside the vegetation slope to record the moisture content, displacement, and deformation parameters of the shallow surface soil of the vegetation slope under the action of rainfall and dry-wet cycles;

[0037] 4) Fill the flow statistics box with water and adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to simulate the three situations of daily rainfall in the designed reservoir area of ​​30mm, 50mm and 90mm, corresponding to the three rainfall modes of moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm respectively. Start the circulating water vacuum pump and two turbine flow meters to record the precipitation during the rainfall period Q 降 and runoff Q 径 , then the rainfall infiltration into the vegetation slope per unit time is I = (Q 降 -Q 径 ) / (t*s), t is the duration of rainfall, s is the surface area of ​​the vegetation slope,

[0038] After runoff scouring, a sediment accumulation area will form around the filter. The sediment content can be weighed to quantify the degree of rainfall erosion on the vegetation slopes with different coverage rates.

[0039] 5) Adjust the short-wave infrared lamp to be parallel to the vegetation slope by rotating the buckle bracket, use the temperature regulator to adjust the temperature in the vegetation slope test box, simulate the reservoir climate conditions in different seasons or extreme conditions, turn on the short-wave infrared lamp to bake the vegetation slope after rainfall until the slope surface cracks and the vegetation begins to wilt, repeat the rainfall step in step 3 and count the test indicators, and carry out dry-wet cycle tests with different cycles on the vegetation slope;

[0040] Through steps 1 to 5, the deformation and destruction process of vegetation slopes with different inclination angles under different climatic conditions in the reservoir area can be realistically simulated, and vegetation cultivation of soil slopes, quantitative statistics of rainwater erosion and slope surface infiltration, and research on the destruction mechanism under the action of dry-wet cycles can be achieved.

[0041] In summary, the technical solution provided by this application also has the following advantages:

[0042] 1. This application uses martensitic stainless steel as the device material, and uses polytetrachloroethylene film and acrylic glass plates to seal the device, and together with the device, it achieves the effects of heat insulation, enhanced sealing, water resistance and rust prevention. The transparent acrylic glass plates on the side wings can also directly observe the overall deformation and displacement of the vegetation slope.

[0043] 2. This application adjusts the temperature of the device by adjusting the water output of the rainfall nozzle, the light intensity of the ultraviolet cultivation lamp, and transmitting the electrical signal to the temperature regulator through the temperature sensor, thereby achieving precise control of the temperature, precipitation, and light in the device, and can carry out slope vegetation cultivation under indoor environmental conditions.

[0044] 3. This application simulates the actual situation of vegetation growth on the reservoir bank slope by cultivating reservoir vegetation on the original soil slope in the reservoir area, which can be more in line with the actual field effect of the actual engineering site, and the results obtained from the test will be more reliable and authentic.

[0045] 4. The present application can adjust the inclination angle of the movable bottom plate from 0° to 45° through the mechanical movement of the movable bottom plate and the spiral lifting component, and can simulate vegetation slopes with different inclination angles in actual engineering.

[0046] 5. The filter at the bottom of the application can intercept sediment and discharge runoff, forming a sediment accumulation area around it, which is conducive to calculating the extent of slope erosion caused by rainfall erosion.

[0047] 6. This application can control the rainfall per unit time by adjusting the tightness of the rainfall nozzle, which can not only accurately meet the water demand during the cultivation of slope vegetation, but also simulate the different daily rainfall conditions in the corresponding reservoir area.

[0048] 7. The short-wave infrared baking lamp of the present application can be flipped and fixed by rotating the snap bracket, which can not only realize the baking function on the slope surface of the vegetation slope, but also can be retracted and fixed at the front end of the device when it rains, saving space. It is an integrated and convenient device to realize dry-wet cycle.

[0049] 8. When the circulating water vacuum pump of the present application is running for rainfall operation, the flow statistics box counts the water inlet and outlet through the turbine flowmeter at the water suction port, and the runoff is counted by the turbine flowmeter at the water outlet when it flows back through the filter. The infiltration and runoff of rainwater on the slope during rainfall can be calculated, and the rainwater is recycled and reused without the need for additional management, saving manpower and material resources.

[0050] The technical solution of the present application is further described below through specific embodiments:

[0051] The purpose of this application is to solve the above problems and provide a multifunctional ecological slope model test device that simulates the climatic conditions of a reservoir area. This application intends to select typical vegetation in a reservoir area, use the indoor vegetation cultivation equipment of the device to cultivate vegetation on bare soil slopes, and conduct model tests considering multiple influencing factors (rainfall, temperature, dry-wet cycle, slope, etc.) to reveal the influence of temperature and precipitation on soil infiltration and slope deformation and failure characteristics under different vegetation growth conditions.

[0052] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a multifunctional ecological slope model test device that simulates the climatic conditions of a reservoir area, the main body of the device consisting of a vegetation slope test box, an acrylic glass plate and a rainfall rack, the top and front end of the device are covered with a polytetrachloroethylene film, the rainfall nozzle, ultraviolet cultivation lamp, temperature sensor, line pipeline and temperature regulating air outlet are all at the upper end of the device, and a temperature regulator is connected to the outside, the PVC hose is placed downward along the rainfall rack into the flow statistics box, a movable bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the device and a spiral lifting component is connected above the bottom plate, a short-wave infrared baking lamp is provided at the front end of the device through a rotating snap bracket, the front end of the bottom plate is composed of a filter, a silt accumulation area and an acrylic glass plate, and a flow statistics box is connected below the filter.

[0053] The movable bottom plate and spiral lifting component include: a stainless steel spiral lifting rod passing through a fixed support and a turntable, a movable hinge welded at the bottom of the spiral lifting rod, and a front movable bottom plate connected to the hinge shaft and connected to the rear movable bottom plate through the shaft, and one end of the rear movable bottom plate is fixedly connected to the central shaft.

[0054] The flow statistics box comprises: a plastic box body, a circulating water vacuum pump, and a turbine flowmeter.

[0055] The bottom, rear side and part of the side wing of the vegetation slope test box are made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant martensitic stainless steel. Three holes are opened at the rear edge of the box as line pipes and temperature-adjusting air outlets, and are connected to the temperature regulator externally. The bottom opening of the front edge of the box is provided with a filter. The front side and part of the two wings of the box are composed of acrylic glass panels. The box and the acrylic glass panels are spliced ​​by angle steel and glass glue, and the top and front end are sealed by a polytetrachloroethylene film.

[0056] The rear movable bottom plate of the movable bottom plate rotates with the central rotating shaft as the fixed center of the circle at a variable inclination angle, and the rotation amplitude is between 0° and 30°. The front movable bottom plate is connected with the rear movable bottom plate through the rotating shaft, and the stainless steel spiral lifting rod is rotated and lifted through the fixed support and the turntable. The movable hinge below transmits force to the front movable bottom plate to make it rotate mechanically, and the inclination angle of the rear movable bottom plate is adjusted by adjusting the changed position of the front movable bottom plate.

[0057] The rain shelf is welded on the top of the vegetation slope test box in a tic-tac-toe grid by stainless steel bars. A total of 18 rain nozzles in 3 rows and 6 columns are evenly distributed under the stainless steel bars and facing the bottom of the box through PVC hoses. The PVC hoses are tied to the steel bars by steel wires, and their tail ends extend into the flow statistics box. The steel bars at the front edge of the rain shelf are evenly distributed with a row of temperature sensors, and two ultraviolet cultivation lamps are across the middle of the rain shelf. The top of the rain shelf is wrapped with a polytetrachloroethylene film to meet the functional requirements of water-blocking and heat-insulating. The rain nozzle can simulate different rainfall modes by adjusting the water output (the controllable flow range is 0.1-0.4L / min), and the ultraviolet cultivation lamp is adjusted according to the light intensity and duration required by different plants to meet the cultivation requirements of different types of herbaceous plants. The temperature sensor transmits the electrical signal to the computer system, and then the temperature regulator regulates the internal temperature of the vegetation slope test box to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the temperature field in the reservoir area. The three simulate the real situation of climate change in the reservoir area in a small range through coupling.

[0058] The flow statistics box is a 45L polyethylene plastic box with a side opening connected to the bottom filter of the vegetation slope test box, and a turbine flowmeter is arranged between the two to count the runoff volume. The tail of the PVC hose is connected to the flow statistics box through a circulating water vacuum pump and a turbine flowmeter to count the precipitation.

[0059] The short-wave infrared baking lamp is fixed on the side steel plate of the vegetation slope test box by a rotating clip bracket. The baking range can reach 1.4×2.0m. The lamp surface can be flipped 360° and adjusted by a spiral bracket. The slope surface can be baked from different distances and inclinations. It is fixed by the side wall clip. The maximum baking power reaches 3600W and the temperature can be adjusted within the range of 0℃ to 100℃.

[0060] The filter consists of six 100-mesh filter screens that block the front edge openings of the vegetation slope test box. A 200-mesh filter screen bag is also provided at the bottom of the filter screen. The scouring amount is counted by filtering and collecting the sediment washed by rainfall, and the rainwater that has not penetrated into the slope is discharged into the turbine flowmeter below to count the runoff, and finally flows into the flow statistics box for recycling.

[0061] The method for using the multifunctional ecological slope model test device for simulating the climatic conditions of a reservoir area comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: The position angle of the movable bottom plate is adjusted by the spiral lifting component to achieve the expected inclination angle of the slope. The original soil of the reservoir area is used to fill the slope surface on the rear movable bottom plate, and then the slope protection vegetation grass seeds are sprinkled, and a flat slope foot is repaired in front of the sediment accumulation area at the front edge of the vegetation slope test box.

[0063] Step 2: Use a temperature regulator to maintain the optimal cultivation temperature according to the plant growth characteristics, adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to meet the moisture required for vegetation cultivation, adjust the opening time and light intensity of the ultraviolet cultivation lamp to meet the light required for grass seeds to germinate and grow, until the slope vegetation reaches the specified coverage rate (0%~100%) and takes root in the shallow surface layer of the slope, initially forming a vegetation slope.

[0064] Step 3: Bury soil pressure boxes, moisture sensors, and displacement sensors inside the vegetation slope to record parameters such as moisture content, displacement, and deformation of the shallow surface soil of the vegetation slope under the action of rainfall and dry-wet cycles.

[0065] Step 4: Fill the flow statistics box with water and adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to simulate the daily rainfall of 30mm, 50mm and 90mm in the reservoir area, which correspond to the three rainfall modes of moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm respectively. Start the circulating water vacuum pump and two turbine flow meters to record the rainfall during the rainfall period Q 降 and runoff Q 径 , then the rainfall infiltration into the vegetation slope per unit time is I = (Q 降 -Q 径 ) / (t*s), t is the duration of rainfall, s is the surface area of ​​the vegetation slope. After runoff scouring, a sediment accumulation area will form around the filter. The sediment content can be weighed to quantify the degree of rainfall erosion on vegetation slopes with different coverage rates.

[0066] Step 5: Adjust the short-wave infrared lamp to be parallel to the vegetation slope by rotating the clip bracket, use the temperature regulator to adjust the temperature in the vegetation slope test box, simulate the reservoir climate conditions in different seasons or extreme conditions, turn on the short-wave infrared lamp to bake the vegetation slope after rainfall until the slope surface cracks and the vegetation begins to wilt, repeat the rainfall steps in Step 3 and count the test indicators, and carry out dry-wet cycle tests with different numbers of cycles on the vegetation slope.

[0067] Through Step 1 to Step 5, the deformation and destruction process of vegetation slopes with different inclination angles under different climatic conditions in the reservoir area can be realistically simulated, and vegetation cultivation of soil slopes, quantitative statistics of rainwater erosion and slope infiltration, and research on the destruction mechanism under the action of dry-wet cycles can be achieved.

[0068] Embodiment 1

[0069] like Figure 1-5As shown, it is a multifunctional ecological slope model test device for simulating the climatic conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The main body of the device consists of a vegetation slope test box, an acrylic glass plate and a rainfall rack. The top and front of the device are covered with a polytetrachloroethylene film. The rainfall nozzle, ultraviolet cultivation lamp, temperature sensor, line pipeline and temperature-adjusting air outlet are all at the upper end of the device, and a temperature regulator is connected to the outside. The PVC hose is placed downward into the flow statistics box along the rainfall rack; a movable bottom plate is set at the bottom of the device and a spiral lifting component is connected above the bottom plate, a stainless steel spiral lifting rod passing through a fixed support and a turntable, a movable hinge welded at the bottom of the spiral lifting rod, and a front movable bottom plate connected to the hinge shaft, and connected to the rear movable bottom plate through the shaft, and one end of the rear movable bottom plate is fixedly connected to the central shaft; a short-wave infrared baking lamp is arranged at the front end of the device through a rotating buckle bracket, the front end of the bottom plate is composed of a filter, a sediment accumulation area and an acrylic glass plate, and a flow statistics box is connected below the filter, and the components include a plastic box, a circulating water vacuum pump and a turbine flowmeter.

[0070] Step 1: The position angle of the movable bottom plate is adjusted by the spiral lifting component to keep it consistent with the designated bank slope inclination. The original soil of the reservoir area is used to fill the slope surface on the rear movable bottom plate, and then grass seeds are sprinkled for slope protection. A flat slope foot is repaired in front of the sediment accumulation area at the front edge of the vegetation slope test box.

[0071] Step 2: Use a temperature regulator to maintain the optimal cultivation temperature according to the plant growth characteristics, adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to meet the moisture required for vegetation cultivation, adjust the opening time and light intensity of the ultraviolet cultivation lamp to meet the light required for grass seeds to germinate and grow, until the slope vegetation reaches the specified coverage rate (0%~100%) and takes root in the shallow surface layer of the slope, initially forming a vegetation slope.

[0072] Step 3: Bury soil pressure boxes, moisture sensors, and displacement sensors inside the vegetation slope to record parameters such as moisture content, displacement, and deformation of the shallow surface soil of the vegetation slope under the action of rainfall and dry-wet cycles.

[0073] Step 4: Fill the flow statistics box with water and adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to simulate the daily rainfall of 30mm, 50mm and 90mm in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which correspond to the three rainfall modes of moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm respectively. Start the circulating water vacuum pump and two turbine flow meters to record the precipitation during the rainfall period Q 降 and runoff Q 径 , then the rainfall infiltration into the vegetation slope per unit time is I = (Q 降 -Q 径 ) / (t*s), t is the duration of rainfall, s is the surface area of ​​the vegetation slope. After runoff scouring, a sediment accumulation area will form around the filter. The sediment content can be weighed to quantify the degree of rainfall erosion on vegetation slopes with different coverage rates.

[0074] Step 5: Adjust the short-wave infrared lamp to be parallel to the vegetation slope by rotating the clip bracket, use the temperature regulator to adjust the temperature in the vegetation slope test box, simulate the reservoir climate conditions in different seasons or extreme conditions, turn on the short-wave infrared lamp to bake the vegetation slope after rainfall until the slope surface cracks and the vegetation begins to wilt, repeat the rainfall steps in Step 3 and count the test indicators, and carry out dry-wet cycle tests with different numbers of cycles on the vegetation slope.

[0075] Through Step 1 to Step 5, the deformation and destruction process of vegetation slopes with different inclination angles under different climatic conditions in the reservoir area can be realistically simulated, and vegetation cultivation of soil slopes, quantitative statistics of rainwater erosion and slope infiltration, and research on the destruction mechanism under the action of dry-wet cycles can be achieved.

[0076] The above embodiments are only technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area, characterized by: The multifunctional simulation test device includes a monitoring component, a natural environment construction system and a simulated slope filled with original soil in the reservoir area. The simulated slope activity is arranged in the natural environment construction system. The simulated slope is formed into a simulated vegetation slope by seeds sown on the original soil in the reservoir area and growing with the cooperation of the natural environment construction system. During the study of ecological slope influencing factors, the simulated vegetation slope displays its changes under the typical natural sun and rain conditions simulated by the natural environment construction system, and records and monitors relevant information through the monitoring component.

2. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multifunctional simulation test device further comprises a movable support wheel group (1), and the natural environment construction system can be moved to a specified position as required by means of the movable support wheel group (1) arranged at the bottom thereof; the monitoring component comprises at least an earth pressure box, a moisture sensor and a displacement sensor, and the earth pressure box, the moisture sensor and the displacement sensor are each buried in the original soil of the reservoir area according to a specified position.

3. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The natural environment construction system includes at least an environment simulation box, a rainfall simulation component and a sunshine simulation component. The simulated slope with an adjustable slope is arranged in the environment simulation box, and the rainfall simulation component and the sunshine simulation component are arranged in the environment simulation box above the simulated slope in a mutually adaptive manner.

4. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The natural environment construction system also includes a growth environment control component and a seasonal climate environment simulation component. The temperature and humidity environment in which the vegetation grows in the environmental simulation box is controlled and determined by the growth environment control component. The different seasonal conditions and extreme climate conditions of the original soil in the reservoir area filled on the simulated slope are constructed through the seasonal climate environment simulation component in cooperation with the growth environment control component.

5. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The environmental simulation box is a box body composed of a stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plate, an acrylic glass plate and a transparent film. The bottom plate (2), the rear plate (3) and the front end portions (4) of the side wall plates of the environmental simulation box are composed of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates. The middle and rear sections (5) of the side wall plates of the environmental simulation box and the lower portion (6) of the front end plate are composed of acrylic glass plates. The top plate and the middle and upper portion of the front end plate of the environmental simulation box are composed of transparent film. The rainfall simulation component and the sunshine simulation component are arranged on the top of the environmental simulation box through the side wall plates. The growth environment control component is connected to the inner cavity of the environmental simulation box through the rear plate (3). The seasonal climate environment simulation component is movably arranged on the outer side of the front end plate through the side wall plates. The movable support wheel group (1) is arranged on the outer side of the bottom plate (2).

6. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The rainfall simulation component comprises a set of flow statistics box groups, at least two sets of support rods (7) and at least four rainfall nozzles (8), wherein the set of flow statistics box groups comprises a plastic box body (9), a set of circulating water vacuum pumps (10) and a turbine flow meter (11), at least two rainfall nozzles (8) are arranged on each set of support rods (7) at intervals, and each set of support rods (7) is arranged on the top of the environmental simulation box at intervals through wall panels on both sides, and each rainfall nozzle (8) is respectively and simultaneously connected to the liquid output end of the circulating water vacuum pump (10), and the liquid input end of the circulating water vacuum pump (10) is located in the plastic box body (9), and the plastic box body (9) is connected to the environmental simulation box from the bottom with the cooperation of the turbine flow meter (11); the sunlight simulation component comprises a plurality of sets of ultraviolet cultivation lamps (12), and at least one set of ultraviolet cultivation lamps (12) is arranged on each set of support rods (7).

7. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The growth environment control component comprises a temperature regulator (13), a delivery pipe (14) and a temperature sensor (15); a temperature regulating air outlet is arranged on the rear end plate of the environment simulation box; the temperature regulating gas output by the temperature regulator (13) is input into the environment simulation box from the temperature regulating air outlet through the delivery pipe (14); the environment temperature in the environment simulation box is monitored by the temperature sensor (15) arranged at the top of the front end of the environment simulation box; the seasonal climate environment simulation component comprises a short-wave infrared heating lamp (16) and a rotating buckle bracket (17); the short-wave infrared heating lamp (16) is movably arranged on the outer side of the acrylic glass plate at the front end of the environment simulation box through the rotating buckle bracket (17) in cooperation with the two side walls of the environment simulation box.

8. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The simulated slope includes a spiral lifting mechanism and a composite slope movable plate. The lower end of the composite slope movable plate is hinged to the bottom plate of the front section of the environmental simulation box, and the upper end of the composite slope movable plate is arranged on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box with an adjustable inclination through the spiral lifting mechanism; the original soil of the reservoir area is filled on the composite slope movable plate.

9. The multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influencing factors of the ecological slope in the reservoir area according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The spiral lifting mechanism comprises a fixed support and a turntable (18), a stainless steel spiral lifting rod (19) and a movable hinge (20). The fixed support and the turntable (18) are fixedly mounted on the rear end plate of the environmental simulation box, and the stainless steel spiral lifting rod (19) is screwed on the turntable of the fixed support and the turntable (18). The composite slope movable plate comprises a front movable bottom plate (21), a rotating shaft (22), a rear movable bottom plate (23) and a central rotating shaft (24). The lower end of the rear movable bottom plate (23) is hinged to the bottom plate of the front section of the environmental simulation box through the central rotating shaft (24), the upper end of the rear movable bottom plate (23) is hinged to the lower end of the front movable bottom plate (21) through the rotating shaft (22), and the lower end of the front movable bottom plate (21) is hinged to the lower end of the stainless steel spiral lifting rod (19) through the movable hinge (20). The bottom plate at the position of the two side wall plates formed of stainless steel corrosion-resistant steel plates is also filled with the original soil of the reservoir area. A filter (25) is also arranged on the bottom plate filled with the original soil of the reservoir area. The liquid input end of the turbine flowmeter (11) is connected to the environmental simulation box from the bottom with the cooperation of the filter.

10. A method for using the multifunctional simulation test device for studying the influence factors of reservoir ecological slopes as claimed in claim 9 to simulate the climate conditions of a reservoir area, characterized in that: The method of use comprises the following steps: 1) The position angle of the movable floor is adjusted by the spiral lifting component to achieve the expected inclination angle of the slope. The original soil of the reservoir area is used to fill the slope surface on the rear movable floor, and then the slope protection vegetation grass seeds are sprinkled to create a smooth slope foot in front of the sediment accumulation area at the front edge of the vegetation slope test box; 2) Use a temperature regulator to maintain the optimal cultivation temperature according to the plant growth characteristics, adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to meet the moisture required for vegetation cultivation, and adjust the opening time and light intensity of the ultraviolet cultivation lamp to meet the light required for grass seed germination and growth, until the slope vegetation reaches the specified coverage rate and takes root in the shallow surface layer of the slope, initially forming a vegetation slope; 3) Bury soil pressure boxes, moisture sensors, and displacement sensors inside the vegetation slope to record the moisture content, displacement, and deformation parameters of the shallow surface soil of the vegetation slope under the action of rainfall and dry-wet cycles; 4) Fill the flow statistics box with water and adjust the water output of the rainfall nozzle to simulate the three situations of daily rainfall in the designed reservoir area of ​​30mm, 50mm and 90mm, corresponding to the three rainfall modes of moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm respectively. Start the circulating water vacuum pump and two turbine flow meters to record the precipitation during the rainfall period Q 降 and runoff Q 径 , then the rainfall infiltration into the vegetation slope per unit time is I = (Q 降 -Q 径 ) / (t*s), t is the duration of rainfall, s is the surface area of ​​the vegetation slope, After runoff scouring, a sediment accumulation area will form around the filter. The sediment content can be weighed to quantify the degree of rainfall erosion on the vegetation slopes with different coverage rates. 5) Adjust the short-wave infrared lamp to be parallel to the vegetation slope by rotating the buckle bracket, use the temperature regulator to adjust the temperature in the vegetation slope test box, simulate the climate conditions of the reservoir area in different seasons or extreme conditions, turn on the short-wave infrared lamp to bake the vegetation slope after rainfall until the slope surface cracks and the vegetation begins to wilt, repeat the rainfall step in step 3 and count the test indicators, and carry out dry-wet cycle tests with different cycles on the vegetation slope; Through steps 1 to 5, the deformation and destruction process of vegetation slopes with different inclination angles under different climatic conditions in the reservoir area can be realistically simulated, and vegetation cultivation of soil slopes, quantitative statistics of rainwater erosion and slope surface infiltration, and research on the destruction mechanism under the action of dry-wet cycles can be achieved.

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