Modularized base station antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a modularly designed base station antenna, which comprises at least one high-frequency radiation unit assembly, at least one low-frequency radiation unit assembly, a high-frequency phase shifter, a low-frequency phase shifter and a reflecting plate, wherein the high-frequency radiation unit assembly and the low-frequency radiation unit assembly both adopt modular design and are respectively connected with a circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter and a circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter in a direct plug-in connection mode. The high-frequency radiation unit assembly and the low-frequency radiation unit assembly adopt modular design, and the adapter plate, the Balun and the coupling plate are integrated into one module, so that the welding operation under a production line is facilitated, the production process is simplified, the later antenna assembly is more convenient and efficient, the production period is effectively shortened, the assembly error rate is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. Complex wiring in a traditional connection mode is avoided through the direct insertion type connection mode, the signal transmission path is remarkably shortened, and therefore the signal transmission efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a base station antenna with modular design. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, base station antennas are key equipment in communication systems, and their performance directly affects signal transmission quality and coverage. Traditional base station antennas have the following problems during production and assembly:

[0003] High assembly complexity: The installation steps of components such as radiation units and phase shifters are cumbersome, the on-site construction time is long, and assembly errors are prone to occur. High signal transmission loss: The components are connected by cable welding. The unreasonable connection method leads to a long signal path. The cable connection affects the overall layout and gain improvement. The large number of solder joints and assembly processes is not conducive to improving production efficiency. In addition, cavity electroplating will produce a lot of pollution, which is not conducive to green and low-carbon. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a base station antenna with a modular design. By improving the structure and assembly method of the radiation unit, it is convenient for production and assembly and improves production efficiency. In addition, the cavity is not electroplated and the circuit is directly connected to the radiation unit, reducing intermediate components and assembly links. It is green and simple, has fewer solder joints, and can reduce the risk of intermodulation.

[0005] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0006] A base station antenna with modular design, comprising:

[0007] At least one high-frequency radiation unit assembly, at least one low-frequency radiation unit assembly, a high-frequency phase shifter, a low-frequency phase shifter, and a reflector;

[0008] The high-frequency radiation unit assembly and the low-frequency radiation unit assembly are both modularly designed and are respectively connected to the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter and the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter by direct plug-in connection.

[0009] A further improvement is that the high-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a director, a high-frequency radiation unit board, a high-frequency coupling board, a high-frequency balun and a high-frequency adapter board;

[0010] A high-frequency coupling plate is plugged into the top of the high-frequency balun, and a high-frequency adapter plate is plugged into the bottom of the high-frequency balun. The high-frequency coupling plate, the high-frequency balun and the high-frequency adapter plate are assembled and welded to form a high-frequency radiation unit module;

[0011] The reflecting plate is provided with a high-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole. During installation, the high-frequency radiation unit module is first installed on the high-frequency phase shifter and coupled with the high-frequency phase shifter for grounding. The balun circuit of the high-frequency balun is plugged with the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter. After the high-frequency radiation unit module and the high-frequency phase shifter are installed and welded, the high-frequency radiation unit module is passed through the high-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole on the reflecting plate, so that the high-frequency radiation unit module and the high-frequency phase shifter are fixed on the reflecting plate as a whole. Finally, the high-frequency radiation unit plate and the director are installed above the high-frequency coupling plate.

[0012] A further improvement is that the ground surface of the high-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the high-frequency coupling board, and the ground bottom of the high-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the high-frequency adapter board.

[0013] A further improvement is that the low-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a low-frequency radiation unit board, a low-frequency coupling board, a low-frequency balun and a low-frequency adapter board;

[0014] A low-frequency coupling plate is plugged into the top of the low-frequency balun, a low-frequency adapter plate is plugged into the bottom of the low-frequency balun, and the low-frequency coupling plate, the low-frequency balun and the low-frequency adapter plate are assembled and welded to form a low-frequency radiation unit module;

[0015] The reflecting plate is provided with a low-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole. During installation, the low-frequency radiation unit module is first installed on the low-frequency phase shifter and coupled with the low-frequency phase shifter to be grounded. The balun circuit of the low-frequency balun is plugged with the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter. After the low-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency phase shifter are installed and welded, the low-frequency radiation unit module is passed through the low-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole on the reflecting plate, so that the low-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency phase shifter are fixed on the reflecting plate as a whole, and finally the low-frequency radiation unit plate is installed above the low-frequency coupling plate.

[0016] A further improvement is that the ground surface of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency coupling plate, and the ground bottom of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency adapter plate.

[0017] A further improvement is that the low-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a low-frequency radiation unit board, a low-frequency coupling board, a low-frequency balun and a low-frequency adapter board;

[0018] A low-frequency coupling plate is plugged into the top of the low-frequency balun, a low-frequency adapter plate is plugged into the bottom of the low-frequency balun, and the low-frequency coupling plate, the low-frequency balun and the low-frequency adapter plate are assembled and welded to form a low-frequency radiation unit module;

[0019] The reflecting plate and the low-frequency phase shifter are both provided with plug-in avoidance holes. During installation, the reflecting plate and the low-frequency phase shifter are first fixedly installed, and then the low-frequency radiation unit module is installed on the reflecting plate and coupled to the reflecting plate and grounded. The balun circuit of the low-frequency balun passes through the plug-in avoidance holes on the reflecting plate and the low-frequency phase shifter respectively and is plugged with the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter. Finally, the low-frequency radiation unit board is installed above the low-frequency coupling board.

[0020] A further improvement is that the ground surface of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency coupling plate, and the ground bottom of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency adapter plate.

[0021] A further improvement is that the high-frequency phase shifter adopts a longitudinal double-cavity structure design, and a slot is provided in the middle of the cavity for inserting the circuit.

[0022] A further improvement is that the low-frequency phase shifter includes a first low-frequency phase shifter and a second low-frequency phase shifter, the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are connected via a power divider, and the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are mirror-symmetrical.

[0023] A further improvement is that the low-frequency phase shifter includes a first low-frequency phase shifter and a second low-frequency phase shifter, the phase shifter cavities of the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are connected by coupling, the phase shifting circuits of the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are electrically connected in the cavity, and the phase shifting circuits of the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are mirror-symmetrical or not mirror-symmetrical.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The high-frequency radiation unit assembly and the low-frequency radiation unit assembly of the present invention adopt a modular design, integrating the adapter plate, balun and coupling plate into one module, which is convenient for welding operations on the production line. This modular design not only simplifies the production process, but also makes the subsequent antenna assembly more convenient and efficient, effectively shortens the production cycle, and reduces the assembly error rate.

[0026] The balun of the high-frequency radiating unit is connected to the high-frequency phase shifter by plug-in connection, and the balun of the low-frequency radiating unit is also connected to the low-frequency phase shifter by plug-in connection, eliminating the intermediate transfer circuit. Compared with the conventional connection method, this design significantly shortens the signal transmission line and reduces the energy loss of the signal during transmission, thereby effectively improving the radiation efficiency and enhancing the antenna's signal transmission and reception performance in the high and low frequency bands.

[0027] The antenna of the present invention adopts a cable-free design. Except for the main feed cable part, the other parts of the whole device are no longer connected by cables. This design reduces the signal loss caused by cable transmission and further improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna. At the same time, the phase shifter adopts a non-electroplating process, avoiding the environmental pollution problem caused by the electroplating process, which conforms to the development concept of green environmental protection and has significant environmental benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front structure of a base station antenna with modular design according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the reverse structure of a base station antenna with modular design according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A side view of a base station antenna with a modular design according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the high-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 An exploded view of the installation structure of the high-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 An exploded view of another installation structure of a high-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a front view of the installation structure of the low-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a reverse view of the installation structure of the low-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 An exploded view of the installation structure of the low-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of another installation structure of the low-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.11 An exploded view of another installation structure of a low-frequency radiation unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.12 It is a front view of the structure in which two parts of low-frequency phase shifters are connected through a cavity power divider;

[0040] Fig.13 The reverse side view of the structure in which two parts of low-frequency phase shifters are connected through a cavity power divider;

[0041] Fig.14 An exploded diagram of the structure in which two parts of low-frequency phase shifters are connected through a cavity power divider;

[0042] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of two parts of low-frequency phase shifters connected through a microstrip power divider;

[0043] Fig.16 The exploded diagram of the structure where two parts of low-frequency phase shifters are connected through a microstrip power divider;

[0044] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of two parts of low-frequency phase shifters connected through the cavity;

[0045] Fig.18 This is an exploded diagram of the structure in which two parts of the low-frequency phase shifter are connected through the cavity.

[0046] Description of reference numerals:

[0047] 1. High-frequency phase shifter; 2. Low-frequency phase shifter; 201. First low-frequency phase shifter; 202. Second low-frequency phase shifter; 3. Reflector; 4. Director; 5. High-frequency radiation unit board; 6. High-frequency coupling board; 7. High-frequency balun; 8. High-frequency adapter board; 9. High-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole; 10. Balun circuit; 11. Slot; 12. Notch; 13. Circuit connector; 14. Circuit connection point; 16. Low-frequency radiation unit board; 17. Low-frequency coupling board; 18. Low-frequency balun; 19. Low-frequency adapter board; 20. Low-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole; 21. Plug-in avoidance hole; 22. Welding avoidance hole; 23. Cavity power divider; 24. Microstrip power divider; 25. Pin; 26. Intracavity connection point; 27. PCB coupling board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to", "disposed on", "fixed on" or "installed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. Furthermore, when an element is considered to be "transmission-connected" to another element, the two can achieve power transmission, and its specific implementation method can be implemented using the existing technology, which will not be repeated here. When an element is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to another element, it means that the ideal state of the two is vertical, but due to the influence of manufacturing and assembly, there may be a certain vertical error. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0050] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0051] The “first” and “second” involved in the present invention do not represent specific quantities and orders, but are merely used to distinguish names.

[0052] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Fig.18 ,like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station antenna with a modular design, including:

[0053] At least one high-frequency radiation unit component, at least one low-frequency radiation unit component, a high-frequency phase shifter 1, a low-frequency phase shifter 2, and a reflection plate 3;

[0054] The high-frequency radiation unit assembly and the low-frequency radiation unit assembly are both modularly designed and are respectively connected to the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 and the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter 2 by direct plug-in connection.

[0055] It is understandable that both the high-frequency radiation unit assembly and the low-frequency radiation unit assembly adopt a modular design, which decomposes the complex assembly work into standardized module assembly. This design method can complete most of the assembly work in advance on the production line, reducing the time and complexity of on-site construction. Through modular design, the steps and manual operations of on-site assembly are reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of assembly errors. The plug-in connection method directly connects the high-frequency balun 7 and the low-frequency balun 18 to the high-frequency phase shifter 1 circuit and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 circuit, avoiding the complex wiring in the traditional connection method and significantly shortening the signal transmission path. Due to the shortened signal transmission path, the attenuation and interference of the signal during transmission are greatly reduced, thereby improving the signal transmission efficiency.

[0056] The present invention is described in detail below through several detailed embodiments:

[0057] Embodiment 1:

[0058] like Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the high-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a director 4, a high-frequency radiation unit board 5, a high-frequency coupling board 6, a high-frequency balun 7 and a high-frequency adapter board 8.

[0059] It can be understood that the director 4 is used for signal radiation capability in a specific direction, so that the signal is more concentratedly propagated to the target area, improving the directivity and coverage efficiency of the antenna. The high-frequency coupling plate 6 is used to achieve signal coupling between different components to ensure efficient transmission of signals between various components. The high-frequency balun 7 is used to complete the balanced-unbalanced conversion, effectively reduce signal reflection and interference, and ensure the stability of signal transmission. The high-frequency adapter plate 8 is used to provide mechanical support and grounding.

[0060] The high-frequency balun 7 is plugged with a high-frequency coupling plate 6 at the top, and a high-frequency adapter plate 8 is plugged with a high-frequency balun 7 at the bottom. The high-frequency coupling plate 6, the high-frequency balun 7, and the high-frequency adapter plate 8 are assembled and welded to form a high-frequency radiation unit module. Specifically, the high-frequency radiation unit module is welded and assembled under the production line, and the complex assembly work can be completed in advance in the factory environment, and professional equipment and processes are used to ensure the assembly quality, reduce the complexity and time cost of on-site assembly, and improve the overall production efficiency.

[0061] The reflecting plate 3 is provided with a high-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole 9. During installation, the high-frequency radiation unit module is first installed on the high-frequency phase shifter 1 and coupled with the high-frequency phase shifter 1 to be grounded. The balun circuit of the high-frequency balun 7 is plugged with the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter 1. After the high-frequency radiation unit module and the high-frequency phase shifter 1 are installed and welded, the high-frequency radiation unit module is passed through the high-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole 9 on the reflecting plate 3, so that the high-frequency radiation unit module and the high-frequency phase shifter 1 are fixed on the reflecting plate 3 as a whole. Finally, the high-frequency radiation unit board 5 and the director 4 are installed above the high-frequency coupling board 6, and the high-frequency radiation unit board 5 is coupled and connected with the high-frequency coupling board 6.

[0062] Specifically, the ground surface of the high-frequency balun 7 is electrically connected to the ground of the high-frequency coupling plate 6, and the ground bottom of the high-frequency balun 7 is electrically connected to the ground of the high-frequency adapter plate 8, forming a complete grounding loop, which effectively suppresses electromagnetic interference and improves the anti-interference ability of the system.

[0063] Specifically, the high-frequency phase shifter 1 adopts a longitudinal double-cavity structure design, and a slot 11 is provided in the middle of the cavity for inserting the circuit.

[0064] It can be understood that the high-frequency radiation unit module is coupled to the high-frequency phase shifter 1 and grounded, ensuring a good electrical connection and further reducing signal interference. Through modular design and plug-in connection, the signal transmission path is significantly shortened, signal loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of high-frequency and low-frequency signals is improved. At the same time, modular design simplifies the assembly process, reduces on-site construction time and material waste, conforms to the concept of modern green communication, solves the shortcomings of traditional base station antennas in assembly complexity, signal loss, multi-band compatibility, etc., and can better meet the needs of modern wireless communication systems for high-performance base station antennas.

[0065] In one implementation of this embodiment, Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the balun circuit 10 of the high-frequency balun 7 and the circuit plug-in method of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 are as follows: a notch 12 is provided at the lower end of the high-frequency balun 7, and a circuit connector 13 of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 protrudes from the top surface of the cavity of the high-frequency phase shifter 1. During installation, when the high-frequency radiation unit module is installed on the high-frequency phase shifter 1, the circuit connector 13 of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 passes through the high-frequency adapter plate 8 and is inserted into the notch 12 reserved on the high-frequency balun 7 at a 45-degree direction, and the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 is connected to the circuit of the high-frequency balun 7 through the circuit connection point 14.

[0066] In another implementation of this embodiment, Figure 6As shown, the balun circuit 10 of the high-frequency balun 7 is plugged into the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 as follows: the circuit at the lower end of the high-frequency balun 7 is designed as a convex structure, and a slot 11 is provided in the middle of the cavity of the high-frequency phase shifter 1. During installation, when the high-frequency radiation unit module is installed on the high-frequency phase shifter 1, the convex structure at the lower end of the high-frequency balun 7 passes through the slot 11 and is inserted into the cavity of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 and plugged into the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 at a 45-degree angle. An opening is provided on the side of the cavity of the high-frequency phase shifter 1, and the core wires of the high-frequency balun 7 circuit and the core wires of the high-frequency phase shifter 1 circuit are welded through the opening.

[0067] The working principle of the high-frequency radiation unit assembly is as follows: when the electrical signal is input to the radiation unit, it is first converted from balanced to unbalanced through the high-frequency balun 7 to ensure the stability of the signal, and then the signal is transmitted to the high-frequency radiation unit board 5 through the high-frequency coupling board 6. The high-frequency radiation unit board 5 converts the electrical signal into electromagnetic waves and radiates them out, and the director 4 guides the radiated electromagnetic waves to propagate more concentratedly in the target direction. The modular design makes production and assembly more convenient, reducing on-site assembly time and error rate; the plug-in connection shortens the signal transmission line, reduces the energy loss of the signal during transmission, and improves the radiation efficiency, thereby enhancing the signal radiation capability of the antenna in the high-frequency band, improving the communication quality, and making the signal transmission more stable and fast.

[0068] In this embodiment, if Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, the low-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a low-frequency radiation unit board 16, a low-frequency coupling board 17, a low-frequency balun 18 and a low-frequency adapter board 19, and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 is designed in two horizontal parallel arrangements.

[0069] It can be understood that the low-frequency coupling plate 17 is used to achieve signal coupling between different components to ensure efficient signal transmission between various components. The low-frequency balun 18 is used to complete the balanced-unbalanced conversion, effectively reduce signal reflection and interference, and ensure the stability of signal transmission. The low-frequency adapter plate 19 is used to provide mechanical support and grounding.

[0070] The top of the low-frequency balun 18 is plugged with a low-frequency coupling plate 17, the bottom of the low-frequency balun 18 is plugged with a low-frequency adapter plate 19, and the low-frequency coupling plate 17, the low-frequency balun 18 and the low-frequency adapter plate 19 are assembled and welded to form a low-frequency radiation unit module. Specifically, the low-frequency radiation unit module is welded and assembled under the production line, and the complex assembly work can be completed in advance in the factory environment, and professional equipment and processes are used to ensure the assembly quality, reduce the complexity and time cost of on-site assembly, and improve the overall production efficiency.

[0071] The reflecting plate 3 is provided with a low-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole 20. During installation, the low-frequency radiation unit module is first installed on the low-frequency phase shifter 2 and coupled with the low-frequency phase shifter 2 to be grounded. The balun circuit of the low-frequency balun 18 is plugged with the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter 2. After the low-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 are installed and welded, the low-frequency radiation unit module is passed through the low-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole 20 on the reflecting plate 3, so that the low-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 are fixed on the reflecting plate 3 as a whole. Finally, the low-frequency radiation unit plate 16 is installed above the low-frequency coupling plate 17, and the low-frequency radiation unit plate 16 is coupled and connected with the low-frequency coupling plate 17.

[0072] Specifically, the ground surface of the low-frequency balun 18 is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency coupling plate 17, and the ground bottom of the low-frequency balun 18 is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency adapter plate 19, forming a complete grounding loop, which effectively suppresses electromagnetic interference and improves the anti-interference ability of the system.

[0073] Specifically, the circuit at the lower end of the low-frequency balun 18 is designed as a convex structure, and a plug-in avoidance hole 21 is provided in the middle of the cavity of the low-frequency phase shifter 2. During installation, when the low-frequency radiation unit module is installed on the low-frequency phase shifter 2, the convex structure at the lower end of the low-frequency balun 18 passes through the plug-in avoidance hole 21 and is inserted into the cavity of the low-frequency phase shifter 2, and passes through the circuit board of the low-frequency phase shifter 2, and is electrically connected to the phase shifter circuit on the other side of the circuit board. A welding avoidance hole 22 is provided on the bottom surface of the cavity of the low-frequency phase shifter 2.

[0074] In one solution of this embodiment, Figure 12-16 As shown, the low-frequency phase shifter 2 includes a first low-frequency phase shifter 201 and a second low-frequency phase shifter 202. The first low-frequency phase shifter 201 and the second low-frequency phase shifter 202 are connected via a power divider, and the first low-frequency phase shifter 201 and the second low-frequency phase shifter 202 are mirror-symmetrical.

[0075] Specifically, there are two ways of connecting the phase shifter separately: a cavity power divider 23 and a microstrip power divider 24 .

[0076] Among them, Fig.12 , Fig.13 , Fig.14 As shown, the cavity power divider 23 adopts plug-in connection, core wire welding, ground coupling, and the two phase shifter parts are mirror-symmetrical. The principle of this connection method is to use the characteristics of the cavity power divider 23 to distribute the input signal to the two phase shifter parts according to a certain proportion. The plug-in connection can ensure the stability of the connection, the core wire welding ensures the reliable transmission of the signal, and the ground coupling plays the role of shielding and grounding to reduce electromagnetic interference. The mirror-symmetrical design can make the performance of the two phase shifter parts more consistent, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the signal during transmission.

[0077] The microstrip power divider 24 is connected through the middle pin 25, such as Fig.15 , Fig.16 As shown, the core wire is connected to the power divider and the phase shifter circuit through the pin 25 and coupled to the ground, and the two parts of the phase shifter are mirror-symmetrical. The microstrip power divider 24 uses the characteristics of the microstrip line to achieve signal distribution and transmission. The connection method of the middle pin 25 is simple and reliable, and can effectively transmit the signal from the power divider to the phase shifter circuit. Coupling grounding can also reduce electromagnetic interference and improve the quality of signal transmission. The mirror-symmetrical design ensures the performance consistency of the two phase shifter parts and ensures the stability of the signal during transmission.

[0078] In another solution of this embodiment, Fig.17 , Fig.18 As shown, the low-frequency phase shifter 2 includes a first low-frequency phase shifter 201 and a second low-frequency phase shifter 202. The phase shifter cavities of the first low-frequency phase shifter 201 and the second low-frequency phase shifter 202 are coupled and connected via a PCB coupling board 27. The phase shifting circuits of the first low-frequency phase shifter 201 and the second low-frequency phase shifter 202 are electrically connected in the cavity via an intra-cavity connection point 26. The phase shifting circuits of the first low-frequency phase shifter 201 and the second low-frequency phase shifter 202 are mirror-symmetrical or not mirror-symmetrical.

[0079] That is, the two parts of the phase shifter circuit are electrically connected in the cavity, and the cavity is connected by coupling, so the circuit can be mirror-symmetrical or asymmetrical. The intra-cavity connection method simplifies the structure, reduces external connection components, and improves the integration and stability of signal transmission. Through the coupling connection, signal transmission and interaction between the two phase shifter parts can be achieved. According to actual needs, the circuit can be designed to be mirror-symmetrical or asymmetrical to meet different application scenarios and performance requirements.

[0080] It is understandable that the split design solves the problem of processing difficulties and reduces processing costs; multiple connection methods provide optimization options for different application scenarios, and can flexibly adjust the performance of the phase shifter according to actual needs.

[0081] In a preferred solution of this embodiment, in the welding and assembly process of the high-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency radiation unit module production line, artificial intelligence vision technology is used to detect the assembly quality of the high-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency radiation unit module. The assembly detection of the high-frequency radiation unit module is used as an example for explanation. The specific method includes:

[0082] Smart camera layout and image acquisition: Multiple smart cameras are installed at different locations in the assembly workshop, such as directly above and on the side of the assembly workbench. The upper camera is used to clearly capture the overall layout and surface conditions of the high-frequency coupling board 6, high-frequency balun 7 and high-frequency adapter board 8 components, and the side camera is used to observe details such as the connection gap and height difference between components. During the assembly process, the camera collects images in real time and records each assembly step; after assembly and welding are completed, the image of the complete module is collected again.

[0083] Image preprocessing and feature extraction: Use image preprocessing techniques, such as grayscale, filtering, histogram equalization, etc., to enhance the clarity and contrast of the image and remove noise. Then, use the feature extraction algorithm in artificial intelligence vision technology to extract the edge, contour, texture and other features of the high-frequency coupling board 6, high-frequency balun 7 and high-frequency adapter board 8. For example, the edge information of the component is obtained through the edge detection algorithm to determine whether the shape of the component is complete and whether the edge of the connection part is neat. The texture analysis algorithm is used to extract the texture features of the component surface to detect whether there are welding defects, surface damage and other problems.

[0084] Component position and size detection: Use the target detection algorithm to identify the high-frequency coupling board 6, high-frequency balun 7 and high-frequency adapter board 8 in the image and determine their positions. By calculating the pixel coordinates of the high-frequency coupling board 6, high-frequency balun 7 and high-frequency adapter board 8 components in the image, combined with the calibration parameters of the camera, the actual position information of the high-frequency coupling board 6, high-frequency balun 7 and high-frequency adapter board 8 components is obtained. At the same time, based on the known component size information and the pixel ratio in the image, the actual size of the component is measured, and the detected position and size are compared with the design standard to determine whether the installation position of the component is accurate and whether the size meets the requirements.

[0085] Quality assessment and feedback: Based on the above test results, a quality assessment model is established to score and rate the assembly quality of the high-frequency radiation unit module. According to the preset quality standards, it is judged whether the assembly quality is qualified. If there is a quality problem, the system will issue an alarm in time and clearly point out the specific quality problem through image annotation, text description, etc., such as which component is offset or which welding point has defects.

[0086] Embodiment 2:

[0087] In the embodiment, the difference from the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is mainly the structure and installation method of the low-frequency radiation unit assembly. Specifically, in this embodiment:

[0088] like Fig.10 , Fig.11As shown, the low-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a low-frequency radiation unit board 16 , a low-frequency coupling board 17 , a low-frequency balun 18 and a low-frequency adapter board 19 .

[0089] A low-frequency coupling plate 17 is plugged into the top of the low-frequency balun 18, and a low-frequency adapter plate 19 is plugged into the bottom of the low-frequency balun 18. The low-frequency coupling plate 17, the low-frequency balun 18 and the low-frequency adapter plate 19 are assembled and welded to form a low-frequency radiation unit module.

[0090] Both the reflecting plate 3 and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 are provided with plug-in avoidance holes 21. During installation, the reflecting plate 3 and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 are first fixedly installed, and then the low-frequency radiation unit module is installed on the reflecting plate 3 and coupled with the reflecting plate 3 and grounded. The balun circuit of the low-frequency balun 18 passes through the plug-in avoidance holes 21 on the reflecting plate 3 and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 respectively and is plugged with the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter 2. Finally, the low-frequency radiation unit board 16 is installed above the low-frequency coupling board 17, and the low-frequency radiation unit board 16 is coupled and connected with the low-frequency coupling board 17.

[0091] Specifically, the ground surface of the low-frequency balun 18 is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency coupling plate 17 , the low-frequency adapter plate 19 is only used for coupling grounding, and the ground bottom of the low-frequency balun 18 is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency adapter plate 19 .

[0092] Specifically, the circuit at the lower end of the low-frequency balun 18 is designed as a convex structure, and a plug-in avoidance hole 21 is provided in the middle of the cavity of the low-frequency phase shifter 2. During installation, when the low-frequency radiation unit module is installed on the reflecting plate 3, the convex structure at the lower end of the low-frequency balun 18 passes through the plug-in avoidance hole 21 on the reflecting plate 3 and the low-frequency phase shifter 2 and is inserted into the cavity of the low-frequency phase shifter 2, and passes through the circuit board of the low-frequency phase shifter 2 to be electrically connected to the phase shifter circuit on the other side of the circuit board. A welding avoidance hole 22 is provided on the bottom surface of the cavity of the low-frequency phase shifter 2.

[0093] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0094] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A base station antenna with modular design, characterized in that: include: At least one high-frequency radiation unit assembly, at least one low-frequency radiation unit assembly, a high-frequency phase shifter, a low-frequency phase shifter, and a reflector; The high-frequency radiation unit assembly and the low-frequency radiation unit assembly are both modularly designed and are respectively connected to the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter and the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter by direct plug-in connection.

2. The base station antenna of modular design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a director, a high-frequency radiation unit board, a high-frequency coupling board, a high-frequency balun and a high-frequency adapter board; A high-frequency coupling plate is plugged into the top of the high-frequency balun, and a high-frequency adapter plate is plugged into the bottom of the high-frequency balun. The high-frequency coupling plate, the high-frequency balun and the high-frequency adapter plate are assembled and welded to form a high-frequency radiation unit module; The reflecting plate is provided with a high-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole. During installation, the high-frequency radiation unit module is first installed on the high-frequency phase shifter and coupled with the high-frequency phase shifter for grounding. The balun circuit of the high-frequency balun is plugged with the circuit of the high-frequency phase shifter. After the high-frequency radiation unit module and the high-frequency phase shifter are installed and welded, the high-frequency radiation unit module is passed through the high-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole on the reflecting plate, so that the high-frequency radiation unit module and the high-frequency phase shifter are fixed on the reflecting plate as a whole. Finally, the high-frequency radiation unit plate and the director are installed above the high-frequency coupling plate.

3. The base station antenna of modular design according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ground surface of the high-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the high-frequency coupling board, and the ground bottom of the high-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the high-frequency adapter board.

4. The base station antenna of modular design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a low-frequency radiation unit board, a low-frequency coupling board, a low-frequency balun and a low-frequency adapter board; A low-frequency coupling plate is plugged into the top of the low-frequency balun, a low-frequency adapter plate is plugged into the bottom of the low-frequency balun, and the low-frequency coupling plate, the low-frequency balun and the low-frequency adapter plate are assembled and welded to form a low-frequency radiation unit module; The reflecting plate is provided with a low-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole. During installation, the low-frequency radiation unit module is first installed on the low-frequency phase shifter and coupled with the low-frequency phase shifter to be grounded. The balun circuit of the low-frequency balun is plugged with the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter. After the low-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency phase shifter are installed and welded, the low-frequency radiation unit module is passed through the low-frequency radiation unit module avoidance hole on the reflecting plate, so that the low-frequency radiation unit module and the low-frequency phase shifter are fixed on the reflecting plate as a whole, and finally the low-frequency radiation unit plate is installed above the low-frequency coupling plate.

5. The base station antenna of modular design according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ground surface of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency coupling plate, and the ground bottom surface of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency adapter plate.

6. The base station antenna of modular design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-frequency radiation unit assembly includes a low-frequency radiation unit board, a low-frequency coupling board, a low-frequency balun and a low-frequency adapter board; A low-frequency coupling plate is plugged into the top of the low-frequency balun, a low-frequency adapter plate is plugged into the bottom of the low-frequency balun, and the low-frequency coupling plate, the low-frequency balun and the low-frequency adapter plate are assembled and welded to form a low-frequency radiation unit module; The reflecting plate and the low-frequency phase shifter are both provided with plug-in avoidance holes. During installation, the reflecting plate and the low-frequency phase shifter are first fixedly installed, and then the low-frequency radiation unit module is installed on the reflecting plate and coupled to the reflecting plate and grounded. The balun circuit of the low-frequency balun passes through the plug-in avoidance holes on the reflecting plate and the low-frequency phase shifter respectively and is plugged with the circuit of the low-frequency phase shifter. Finally, the low-frequency radiation unit board is installed above the low-frequency coupling board.

7. The modular base station antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ground surface of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency coupling plate, and the ground bottom surface of the low-frequency balun is electrically connected to the ground of the low-frequency adapter plate.

8. The modular base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency phase shifter adopts a longitudinal double-cavity structure design, and a slot is provided in the middle of the cavity for inserting a circuit.

9. The base station antenna of modular design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-frequency phase shifter comprises a first low-frequency phase shifter and a second low-frequency phase shifter, the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are connected via a power divider, and the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are mirror-symmetrical.

10. The base station antenna with modular design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-frequency phase shifter includes a first low-frequency phase shifter and a second low-frequency phase shifter. The phase shifter cavities of the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are connected by coupling. The phase shifting circuits of the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are electrically connected in the cavity. The phase shifting circuits of the first low-frequency phase shifter and the second low-frequency phase shifter are mirror-symmetrical or not mirror-symmetrical.

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