Precise medication method for preventing and treating plateau rat rabbits

Abstract

The invention discloses a precise medication method for plateau rat rabbit prevention and control, and relates to the technical field of grassland rat pest prevention and control, and the method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of rodenticides in a plateau rat rabbit distribution area, including alpha-chloro-alcohol, curcumenol bait, triptolide, cholecalciferol, bromadiolone bait, difenac barium sulfate and a silicate obstructing agent; the silicate obstructing agent comprises two dosage forms of highland barley and wax pills, each rodenticide is provided with a plurality of dosage gradients, and each dosage is provided with a plurality of repetitions; according to the method, the optimal agent for preventing and treating the plateau rat rabbits, namely the silicate obstructing agent wax pill dosage form and the optimal preventing and treating dosage of 3 granules 21g / hole, are accurately screened out, excessive and blind medication is avoided, the putting gradient is scientifically set according to the rodenticide LD50, and multi-dosage gradient tests are set for different rodenticides; therefore, rodent damage is effectively controlled, the grassland ecological system is protected, the prevention and control cost is reduced, a precise prevention and control scheme is provided, and grassland rodent damage prevention and control technology development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grassland rodent control, and specifically to a precise drug application method for plateau pika control. Background Art

[0002] In grassland ecosystems, grassland rodents are key components and play an important role in material circulation and energy flow. However, human interference and climate change have improved the suitability of grassland rodent habitats, causing their populations to surge. When the population exceeds the environmental threshold, grassland rodent damage will occur.

[0003] The occurrence of grassland rodent pests directly leads to a decline in grassland productivity. Grassland rodent pests such as plateau pikas dig tunnels and build hills, exposing soil organic matter and parent material to the surface. After wind erosion or water erosion, secondary bare land is gradually formed, which seriously weakens the resistance and resilience of the grassland ecosystem and accelerates grassland degradation. At the same time, grassland rodents serve as natural epidemic sources and hosts of infectious diseases such as plague and echinococcosis (echinococcosis), posing a serious threat to human and animal health.

[0004] Among them, the plateau pika is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is widely distributed in Gannan, Gansu Province. Its damage area is as high as 11.09×10 6 hm², ​​accounting for 39.5% of the grassland rodent-damaged area in China, making it the grassland rodent with the largest area of ​​damage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and even in China. However, the plateau pika plays an important role in the energy flow and material cycle of the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and is of great significance to maintaining the food web, soil nutrient cycle and vegetation community succession. It can be called the "ecological engineer" of the alpine grassland ecosystem.

[0005] At present, drug control has become the main means of grassland rodent control due to its quick effect, low cost and easy use on a large scale, accounting for more than 80% of the control area. However, this method has many disadvantages, such as drug residues, poisoning other animals, and secondary poisoning. In the process of prevention and control, excessive, non-precise and high-frequency use of rodent control drugs not only causes drug residues in soil and water, but also seriously threatens the integrity of the grassland food web.

[0006] From the perspective of rodent control technology, there are many rodenticides registered in my country, including bromadiolone, triptolide, cholecalciferol, etc. However, in the research on drug control of rodent pests, there are problems such as a certain agent only works on a single species of rat, or there are few studies on rodenticides used for a certain species of rat. Moreover, long-term use of a certain agent will cause rodents to develop resistance, which brings troubles to the selection of rodenticides for rodent control.

[0007] In addition, although existing research on drug control of plateau pikas has a certain guiding role in drug selection, there is a general problem of insufficient in-depth research on the dosage of different drugs. Most studies only evaluate different drugs based on a single dosage gradient, which cannot provide effective guidance for the precise prevention and control of plateau pikas.

[0008] In summary, in response to the current problems in the prevention and control of grassland rodent pests with drugs, it is urgently necessary to develop a method that can achieve precise prevention and control, especially precise drug and dosage, to solve the threat of grassland rodent pests to the ecological environment and the health of humans and animals, and ensure the stability and sustainable development of the grassland ecosystem. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a precise medication method for the prevention and treatment of plateau pikas to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas, which is characterized by: In the distribution area of ​​plateau pikas, a variety of rodenticides were selected, including α-chlorohydrin, curcumin bait, triptolide, cholecalciferol, bromadiolone bait, difen barium sulfate, and silicate obstructive agents. The silicate obstructive agents included two dosage forms: highland barley and wax pills. Multiple dose gradients were set for each rodenticide, and multiple replicates were set for each dose. Select an area with the same habitat characteristics as the experimental area as the control group; Divide the sample plot into fixed-area plots and set up isolation zones around them; Set the dosage gradient according to the LD50 of each rat poison; Investigate the number of effective holes before and after drug administration, use the decrease rate of the effective hole number to evaluate the control effect of different rodenticides, and screen the best agent and dosage.

[0011] Furthermore, the rodenticide contains drug dosage forms such as sterilants, poisons, anticoagulants, and obstructive agents.

[0012] Furthermore, among the various rodenticides, when the active ingredient of α-chlorohydrin is set at 1%, the dosage is 1g / hole, 1.5g / hole, and 2g / hole; when the active ingredient of curcumin bait is 0.2%, the dosage is 2g / hole, 3g / hole, and 4g / hole; when the active ingredient of triptolide is 0.25mg / kg, the dosage is 1g / hole, 1.5g / hole, and 2g / hole; when the active ingredient of bromadiol bait is 0.005%, the dosage is The dosage is 1g / hole, 1.5g / hole, and 2g / hole; when the active ingredient of diphenhydramine barium sulfate is 20.02%, the dosage is 6g / hole, 8g / hole, and 10g / hole; when the active ingredient of cholecalciferol is 0.075%, the dosage is 1 tablet / hole, 2 tablets / hole, and 3 tablets / hole; the dosage of highland barley dosage form is 1 tablet / hole, 2 tablets / hole, and 3 tablets / hole; the dosage of wax pill dosage form is 1 tablet / hole, 2 tablets / hole, and 3 tablets / hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the multiple repetitions are set to 3 repetitions for each dosage, the control group is 3 control areas, the sample area is 50m×50m, and the width of the isolation zone is 20m.

[0014] Furthermore, 10 drug administration points were randomly selected in each sample plot and marked. Ten days after drug administration, the consumption of each drug was counted according to the weight of the drug, and the feeding effect of the drug was evaluated in combination with the drug consumption.

[0015] Furthermore, the calculation formula for the reduction rate of the number of effective holes is: control effect (%) = (ab) / a×100%, where a is the number of effective holes before rat control, and b is the number of effective holes after rat control.

[0016] Furthermore, the best drug screened out was a silicate obstructive agent in the form of wax pills, and the best preventive and therapeutic dose was 3 pills of 21g / cavity.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Effective control of rodent pests: By accurately screening out the best agent for the control of plateau pikas, namely the silicate obstruction agent wax pill dosage form and the best control dose of 3 pills 21g / hole, the population of plateau pikas was effectively reduced, their damage to the grassland was reduced, and grassland productivity was improved. For example, after the implementation of precision medicine, the number of effective holes of plateau pikas in the test area decreased significantly, and the grassland vegetation was better protected and restored.

[0018] Protecting grassland ecosystems: avoiding excessive and blind use of drugs, reducing the pollution of soil and water bodies by drug residues, reducing the risk of poisoning other animals, protecting the integrity of grassland food webs, enhancing the resistance and resilience of grassland ecosystems, and promoting the stability and sustainable development of grassland ecosystems. For example, in the areas where the present invention is implemented, the number of birds that feed on pikas has gradually stabilized, and grassland biodiversity has been protected to a certain extent.

[0019] Reduce the cost of prevention and control: Scientifically set the release gradient according to the LD50 of each rodenticide, avoid drug waste, reduce drug control costs, improve control efficiency, and make grassland rodent control more economical and efficient. For example, through precise drug use, unnecessary drug input is reduced, while achieving better control effects and saving manpower, material and financial resources.

[0020] Providing precise prevention and control solutions: The present invention sets multiple dosage gradients for different rodenticides for testing, which overcomes the problem of insufficient in-depth research on the dosage of different drugs in existing studies, provides a scientific and accurate guidance solution for the precise prevention and control of plateau pikas, and helps promote the development and progress of grassland rodent control technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: See also Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of a precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas: 1. Implementation Scenario This embodiment selects a grassland area in Nima Town, Maqu County, Gansu Province, where plateau pikas are densely distributed. For a long time, human overgrazing behavior and abnormal climate phenomena such as reduced precipitation and temperature fluctuations have made the living environment of plateau pikas more suitable, and their population has grown rapidly, far exceeding the environmental threshold, forming serious grassland rodent damage. This not only leads to a significant decline in grassland productivity, but also pushes soil organic matter and parent material to the surface due to pikas digging tunnels and digging soil to build hills, and gradually forms secondary bare land after wind erosion or water erosion. The resistance and resilience of the grassland ecosystem are reduced, and the problem of grassland degradation is becoming more serious. At the same time, plateau pikas, as natural epidemic source hosts of infectious diseases such as plague and echinococcosis (echinococcosis), pose a serious threat to the health of surrounding grazing livestock and local residents. This grassland ecosystem is complete and is the habitat of many wild animals. The grassland is rich in biodiversity. Therefore, in the process of controlling rodent damage, special attention needs to be paid to the protection of the ecological environment.

[0024] Grassland rodent damage: In this grassland ecosystem, due to unreasonable grassland utilization and abnormal climate, the survival fitness of rodents has increased, the population has increased, and the distribution has become wider, which in turn affects the normal function of grassland ecological services and threatens the healthy development of human society and economy. For example, the excessive number of plateau pikas eats a lot of forage, destroys the vegetation cover of the grassland, affects the soil conservation and water conservation functions, and hinders the development of local animal husbandry.

[0025] Prairie pests: Rodents that cause prairie pests, such as the plateau pika in this area, are one of the key factors leading to imbalance in grassland ecosystems.

[0026] Number of effective holes: Before starting prevention and control work, the staff will block all the holes of plateau pikas in a certain area (such as 50m×50m) in the selected sample plot, mark them and count them. After 24 hours, the number of holes reopened by plateau pikas will be recorded. This number is the number of effective holes, which can directly reflect the number of active plateau pikas in the sample plot.

[0027] LD50 (median lethal dose): an important reference indicator when selecting control agents. Taking α-chlorohydrin as an example, its LD50 refers to the dose that can kill half of a certain number of experimental animals simulating plateau pikas under experimental conditions. Through this indicator, the toxicity of the agent to the plateau pika can be preliminarily judged, providing a basis for setting the dosage reasonably.

[0028] Rodent control has always been a difficult and important issue facing society. There are many registered rodenticides in my country, such as bromadiolone, triptolide, cholecalciferol, etc. In the previous rodent control in this grassland, a single bromadiolone was used for a long time, which resulted in the plateau pikas developing resistance to it, and the control effect was significantly deteriorated. Moreover, the effects of different agents on plateau pikas vary greatly. Although some agents can kill some plateau pikas, they also pose a risk of poisoning to other wild animals, destroying the integrity of the grassland food web. For example, a certain poison used before, while killing plateau pikas, also led to a decrease in the number of some birds that feed on pikas. Therefore, it is urgent to screen for efficient, environmentally friendly and precise drug use methods for plateau pikas.

[0029] 2. Implementation steps, inference basis and beneficial effects of precision medicine Selection of test sites Steps: In the selected grassland area, 1% of the active ingredient of α-chlorohydrin, curcumol, triptolide, cholecalciferol, bromodiolone bait, difen barium sulfate, silicate obstruction agent wax pills and silicate obstruction agent highland barley formulations were used, and 3 dose gradients were set for each (see Table 1 for details), and 3 replicates were set for each dose. At the same time, the area with the same habitat characteristics as the experimental area was selected as the control group (3 control areas). Each whole plot was divided into 50m×50m plots, and a 20m isolation belt was set up on the periphery, eventually forming 66 experimental plots.

[0030] Setting up multiple dose gradients can comprehensively examine the control effects of the pesticide at different doses and find the optimal dose range. Setting up repeated plots can reduce experimental errors and make the experimental results more reliable. Setting up a control group can compare the differences between the test area before and after the use of the drug and the untreated area, and accurately evaluate the effect of the pesticide. Setting up isolation belts can prevent drugs from interfering with each other between different plots and ensure the accuracy of experimental data.

[0031] Comprehensively and accurately study the control effects of different agents and dosages on plateau pikas to avoid unnecessary damage to grassland ecosystems caused by blind use of drugs, provide strong support for the precise screening of optimal agents and dosages, and ensure the stability of grassland ecosystems.

[0032] Selection of test agents Steps: Select 7 types of rat poisons that have passed the "Pesticide Management Regulations" and have a "Pesticide Business License", including α-chlorohydrin, triptolide, difen·barium sulfate, curcumol, bromadiolone bait, cholecalciferol, silicate obstruction agent highland barley formulation and silicate obstruction agent wax pill formulation for drug control tests. These rat poisons include sterilants, poisons, anticoagulants, obstructants and other different types.

[0033] Choosing legal and compliant drugs can ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use and avoid the potential risks of using illegal drugs. Experiments on various types of drugs can explore the control effects of plateau pikas from different mechanisms of action, increase the possibility of screening out efficient and environmentally friendly drugs, and solve the problem that current rodenticides have a single effect and are prone to resistance.

[0034] Ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use, enrich the options for grassland rodent control, provide more ways to sustainably control grassland rodent pests, and protect the grassland ecological environment.

[0035] Drug dosage Steps: Set the dosage gradient based on previous research experience and the LD50 of each rat poison (see Table 1 for details). For example, when the active ingredient of α-chlorohydrin is set at 1%, the dosage is 1g / hole, 1.5g / hole, 2g / hole; when the active ingredient of curcumin bait is 0.2%, the dosage is 2g / hole, 3g / hole, 4g / hole, etc.

[0036] Previous research experience can provide a reference direction. Combined with the LD50 of rodenticides, the dosage can be set scientifically to avoid blindly increasing the dosage, causing drug waste, environmental pollution, and poisoning to other animals, and to prevent poor prevention and control effects due to insufficient dosage.

[0037] It will help to find a drug use plan that can effectively control the number of plateau pikas while minimizing the negative impact on grassland ecosystems, reduce the risk of drug residues, and protect grassland biodiversity.

[0038] Table 1: Dosage information of 7 kinds of rat poison Rodent poison feeding inspection and prevention effectiveness evaluation Steps: In each plot, 10 drug application points were randomly selected and marked. After 10 days of drug application, the consumption of each drug was counted according to the weight of the drug, and the feeding effect of the drug was evaluated in combination with the drug consumption. Before the experiment, the number of effective holes of plateau pikas in each plot was investigated by the hole blocking and hole opening method. After 10 days of drug application, the number of effective holes was checked again by the hole blocking and hole opening method. The control effect of different rodenticides was evaluated by the decrease rate of the effective hole number. The specific formula is: Control effect (%) = (ab) / a×100%, where a is the number of effective holes before rat control, and b is the number of effective holes after rat control.

[0039] Checking the intake of rodenticides can help us understand the acceptance of different drugs by plateau pikas and provide a basis for screening drugs with good palatability. The method of plugging holes and opening holes is simple and intuitive. By calculating the decline rate of the number of effective holes, the actual prevention and control effects of different drugs and dosages can be accurately evaluated.

[0040] Providing data support for the accurate selection of the best agents and dosages will help to timely adjust prevention and control strategies, improve prevention and control efficiency, and achieve effective control of plateau pikas.

[0041] By randomly selecting 10 drug-dosing points for each plot, counting the consumption of each drug 10 days after drug administration, and using the hole-blocking and hole-opening method to investigate the number of effective holes before and after drug administration, and calculating the rate of decrease in the number of effective holes, we obtained data on the feeding rate and control effect of different rodenticides. The following is a specific data presentation, see Table 2 for details: Table 2 Conclusion Implementation Results From the control effects and drug consumption of the seven rodenticides on plateau pikas (Table 2), it can be seen that the overall intake rate of the seven drugs is high, among which α-chlorohydrin (active ingredient 1%) and difen·barium sulfate have the highest intake rate, which can reach 100%; the intake rate of curcumol bait is the lowest, only 43.33%. In terms of control effect, silicate obstructor (wax pill dosage form) has the best control effect, with an average control effect of 81.67%, among which, the control effect is as high as 86.74% when 3 pills (21g) / hole are placed; the control effect of bromadiolone bait 2g / hole is also good, with an average control effect of 80.53%; cholecalciferol has the lowest control effect, with an average control effect of 40.77%, and the control effect is only 14.40% when 2 pills (16g) / hole are placed. In summary, the best drug for the control of plateau pikas is silicate obstructor (wax pill dosage form), and the best control dose is 3 pills (21g) / hole.

[0042] This embodiment successfully screened out the best agent and dosage for the prevention and control of plateau pikas through the precision drug application method. It effectively controlled the population of plateau pikas, reduced their damage to grasslands, improved grassland productivity, reduced the destruction of soil organic matter and parent material, reduced the rate of grassland degradation, and enhanced the resistance and resilience of grassland ecosystems. At the same time, it reduced drug residues and the risk of poisoning other animals, protected the integrity of the grassland food web, and reduced the threat to human and animal health caused by grassland rodent pests. Precision drug use avoids the loss of grassland biodiversity caused by excessive drug administration, reduces the cost of drug control, and achieves sustainable control of grassland rodent pests. It is of great significance to maintain the ecological balance of grasslands and promote the healthy development of local animal husbandry, and fully reflects the practical value of the present invention in screening the best agent types and dosages.

Claims

1. A precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas, characterized in that: In the distribution area of ​​plateau pikas, a variety of rodenticides were selected, including α-chlorohydrin, curcumin bait, triptolide, cholecalciferol, bromadiolone bait, difen barium sulfate, and silicate obstructive agents. The silicate obstructive agents included two dosage forms: highland barley and wax pills. Multiple dose gradients were set for each rodenticide, and multiple replicates were set for each dose. Select an area with the same habitat characteristics as the experimental area as the control group; Divide the sample plot into fixed-area plots and set up isolation zones around them; Set the dosage gradient according to the LD50 of each rat poison; Investigate the number of effective holes before and after drug administration, use the decrease rate of the effective hole number to evaluate the control effect of different rodenticides, and screen the best agent and dosage.

2. A precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drug dosage forms contained in rodenticides include sterilants, poisons, anticoagulants, and obstructive agents.

3. A precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among the various rodenticides, when the active ingredient of α-chlorohydrin is set at 1%, the dosage is 1g / hole, 1.5g / hole, and 2g / hole; when the active ingredient of curcumin bait is 0.2%, the dosage is 2g / hole, 3g / hole, and 4g / hole; when the active ingredient of triptolide is 0.25mg / kg, the dosage is 1g / hole, 1.5g / hole, and 2g / hole; when the active ingredient of bromadiol bait is 0.005%, the dosage is 1 g / hole, 1.5g / hole, 2g / hole; when the active ingredient of diphenhydramine barium sulfate is 20.02%, the dosage is 6g / hole, 8g / hole, 10g / hole; when the active ingredient of cholecalciferol is 0.075%, the dosage is 1 tablet / hole, 2 tablets / hole, 3 tablets / hole; the dosage of highland barley dosage form is 1 tablet / hole, 2 tablets / hole, 3 tablets / hole; the dosage of wax pill dosage form is 1 tablet / hole, 2 tablets / hole, 3 tablets / hole.

4. A precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple repetitions are 3 repetitions for each dosage, the control group is 3 control areas, the sample area is 50m×50m, and the width of the isolation zone is 20m.

5. The precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each sample plot, 10 drug application points were randomly selected and marked. Ten days after drug application, the consumption of each drug was counted according to the weight of the drug, and the feeding effect of the drug was evaluated based on the drug consumption.

6. A precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the reduction rate of the number of effective holes is: Control effect (%) = (ab) / a×100%, where a is the number of effective holes before rat control, and b is the number of effective holes after rat control.

7. A precise medication method for controlling plateau pikas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The best drug screened out was silicate obstructive agent in wax pill form, and the best preventive and therapeutic dose was 3 pills of 21g / cavity.

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