Whole chicken fish feed prepared by microwaves as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a whole chicken fish feed prepared by microwaves as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed. The fish feed provided by the invention comprises 28-32 parts of whole chicken powder, 18-22 parts of fish meal, 28-32 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of a vitamin premix and 8-12 parts of a mineral additive. After the raw materials are uniformly mixed, a microwave technology is used for conditioning, so that the nutritional ingredients of the feed can be reserved to the greatest extent on the basis of fully curing the feed, meanwhile, the microwave sterilization can inhibit bacteria and prevent mildew, and the prepared feed is high in nutrient retention rate, good in palatability, capable of remarkably promoting the growth of fish and stable in storage; the fish quality can be improved and the feeding cost can be reduced when the feed is used for feeding fishes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed, and in particular relates to a whole chicken and fish feed prepared by microwave, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As people's demand for aquatic products continues to rise, the aquaculture industry has developed rapidly and the scale of aquaculture has continued to expand. Modern farmers pay more and more attention to the impact of fish feed quality on fish growth. Consumers' pursuit of high-quality aquatic products has forced feed upgrades, but fish feed often has complex raw materials, cumbersome preparation processes, and long preparation times. Therefore, feed costs account for a large proportion of the total cost of aquaculture. Farmers hope to reduce costs while ensuring quality. This has prompted the fish feed market to urgently need efficient and large-scale production technology to provide low-cost feed with simple raw materials and processes, but good palatability and effective in promoting fish growth. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a fish feed, which is prepared by simple raw materials and processes, and has high nutrient retention rate, good palatability, can promote fish growth and is stable in storage, thereby reducing the cost of fish breeding.

[0004] The invention provides a fish feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 to 32 parts of whole chicken powder, 18 to 22 parts of fish meal, 28 to 32 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 12 parts of vitamin premix and 8 to 12 parts of mineral additives.

[0005] Preferably, the fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 29-31 parts of whole chicken meal, 19-21 parts of fish meal, 29-31 parts of soybean meal, 9-11 parts of vitamin premix, and 9-11 parts of mineral additives.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for preparing the fish feed, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The whole chicken meal, fish meal, soybean meal, vitamin premix and mineral additive are uniformly mixed, subjected to microwave treatment, and prepared to obtain the fish feed;

[0008] The microwave treatment has a frequency of 900-2450Mhz, a power of 1-10kw, and a time of 3-10min.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation is a granule.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the granules is 0.5 to 8 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the granules is: 0.5mm≤particle size≤2mm for small fish, 2mm<particle size≤4mm for medium-sized fish, and 4mm<particle size≤8mm for large fish.

[0012] Preferably, the small fish is guppy or tetra, the medium-sized fish is grass carp or crucian carp; and the large fish is sea bass or catfish.

[0013] Preferably, the particle breakage rate is less than 5%.

[0014] Preferably, the moisture content of the fish feed is 10% to 12%.

[0015] The invention also provides application of the fish feed or the preparation method in fish breeding.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] The present invention provides a fish feed, which can ensure balanced nutrition through precise ratio setting of raw materials. The microwave technology is used for conditioning, which can not only retain the nutritional components of the feed to the greatest extent on the basis of full maturation of the feed according to the digestive characteristics of fish, make the nutritional components easier to absorb, improve the palatability of the feed, improve the feed conversion rate, and promote fish growth; but also can use microwave heat and non-thermal effects to instantly kill microorganisms, prevent mold and inhibit bacteria, so that the feed has good storage stability. Therefore, the feed of the present invention can be used to raise fish to improve the quality of fish and reduce the cost of raising. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention provides a fish feed, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of whole chicken powder, 18-22 parts of fish meal, 28-32 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of vitamin premix, and 8-12 parts of mineral additives; preferably: 29-31 parts of whole chicken powder, 19-21 parts of fish meal, 29-31 parts of soybean meal, 9-11 parts of vitamin premix, and 9-11 parts of mineral additives, more preferably: 30 parts of whole chicken powder, 20 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of vitamin premix, and 10 parts of mineral additives. In the present invention, the vitamin premix and the mineral additive are both commercially available products, the vitamin premix is ​​a vitamin premix feed purchased from Beijing Youlibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Youweisu, brand: Yingmeier, purchase source: Soule.com), and the mineral additive is a composite mineral purchased from Shandong Yijia Trading Co., Ltd. (brand: Yijia, purchase source: Alibaba, magnesium iron zinc calcium phosphorus compound). The present invention has no special limitation on the sources of fish meal and soybean meal, and conventional commercial products in the art can be used.

[0019] The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the whole chicken powder, and can use commercial products or homemade products. When homemade products are used, the preparation method preferably includes the following steps: taking the chicken meat and bone parts of the whole chicken, cutting them into small pieces, performing microwave treatment, and then crushing and sieving to obtain the whole chicken powder.

[0020] The whole chicken is preferably a whole chicken of a broiler chicken, which is a disease-free and pollution-free broiler chicken. The chicken and bone parts are obtained by removing the inedible parts such as feathers, viscera, and claws, and cut into small pieces for subsequent processing. The present invention does not specifically limit the size of the small pieces, and the size of the pre-processed small pieces of conventional whole chicken in the field can be used. Then microwave treatment is performed to make the internal molecules of the material vibrate at high speed and generate heat through friction, and the water in the chicken and bones evaporates rapidly. At the same time, the components such as protein and fat undergo a certain degree of decomposition and denaturation under the action of microwaves; the power of the microwave treatment is preferably 6kw~30kw, more preferably 10kw~17kw, and more preferably 16kw, the frequency is preferably 2450MHz, and the microwave treatment time is preferably 15~20min, more preferably 16~18min, and more preferably 17min. The present invention does not specifically limit the equipment for the microwave treatment, and the equipment for conventional microwave treatment in the field can be used. After microwave treatment, the chicken and bones become crispy, and are preferably taken out and cooled to room temperature before being crushed. The present invention has no special limitation on the crushing method. In one embodiment, a grinder can be selected for crushing, and then sieved to obtain a whole chicken powder with uniform particle size. The sieving is preferably through an 80-100 mesh sieve. In one embodiment, an 80 mesh, 90 mesh or 100 mesh sieve can be selected. The prepared whole chicken powder needs to be sealed and stored to avoid moisture and other contamination to ensure its stable quality so that it can be used in the subsequent preparation of fish feed.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for preparing the fish feed, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Whole chicken meal, fish meal, soybean meal, vitamin premix and mineral additive are uniformly mixed, subjected to microwave treatment and prepared to obtain the fish feed.

[0023] In the present invention, the frequency of the microwave treatment is 900-2450Mhz. In one embodiment, 900Mhz, 1000Mhz, 1100Mhz, 1200Mhz, 1300Mhz, 1400Mhz, 1500Mhz, 1600Mhz, 1700Mhz, 1800Mhz, 1900Mhz, 2000Mhz, 2100Mhz, 2200Mhz, 2300Mhz can be selected. , 2400Mhz or 2450Mhz; the power of the microwave treatment is 1-10kw, in one embodiment, 1kw, 2kw, 3kw, 4kw, 5kw, 6kw, 7kw, 8kw, 9kw or 10kw can be selected; the time of the microwave treatment is 3-10min, in one embodiment, 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min or 10min can be selected. After the microwave treatment, the temperature of the material is preferably measured, and the temperature reached by the microwave treatment is preferably 60-90°C, in one embodiment, it can be 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C or 90°C. The microwave parameter setting of the present invention is used to condition the raw materials, and the nutritional components of the feed can be retained to the greatest extent on the basis of full maturation of the feed, so that the feed has good palatability, is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of fish, promotes the growth of fish, and can inhibit bacteria and mildew, and increase the storage stability of the feed.

[0024] In the present invention, the preparation is preferably a granule, and the particle size of the granule is preferably 0.5-8 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm ≤ particle size ≤ 2 mm for small fish, 2 mm < particle size ≤ 4 mm for medium fish, 4 mm < particle size ≤ 8 mm for large fish, further preferably 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm or 2 mm for small fish, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm or 4 mm for medium fish, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, 6 mm, 6.5 mm, 7 mm, 7.5 mm or 8 mm for large fish. The small fish is preferably a small ornamental fish, and in one embodiment, it can be a guppy or a red green light fish, the medium fish is preferably a medium edible fish, and in one embodiment, it can be a grass carp or a crucian carp; the large fish is preferably a large edible fish, and in one embodiment, it can be a perch or a catfish.

[0025] In the present invention, after the feed is prepared, the molded feed is cooled, preferably by air cooling or natural cooling. The wind speed of the air cooling is preferably 1-3 m / s, and in one embodiment, 1 m / s, 2 m / s or 3 m / s can be selected. The air cooling time is preferably 10-30 min, and in one embodiment, 10 min, 20 min or 30 min can be selected; the natural cooling time is preferably 1-2 h, and in one embodiment, 1 h, 1.5 h or 2 h can be selected. After cooling, the feed is inspected, and the standard for qualified inspection is preferably: the particle breakage rate is less than 5%, and the moisture content of the fish feed is 10% to 12%. After passing the inspection, it is preferably packaged.

[0026] The invention adjusts the particle size according to the body shape and feeding habits of different fishes, and adopts air cooling or natural cooling process to ensure the stable quality of fish feed forming and meet the diversified needs of various fishes.

[0027] The present invention also provides application of the fish feed or the preparation method in fish breeding. The feed is used for fish breeding and can significantly promote the growth of fish and reduce breeding costs.

[0028] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, all of them are conventional methods.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0031] In the following examples, the vitamin premix was purchased from Beijing Youlibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the mineral additives were purchased from Shandong Yijia Trading Co., Ltd. The whole chicken powder used was homemade, and the homemade method was as follows: healthy, disease-free, and pollution-free broilers were recovered from the chicken farm, and the inedible parts such as feathers, viscera, and claws of the broilers were removed, and only the chicken and bones were retained; the chicken and bones were cut into small pieces and put into a microwave device, and the microwave power was set to 16kw and the frequency was 2450MHz. After heating for 17 minutes, it was taken out and cooled to room temperature, and then crushed by a grinder. The crushed powder was passed through a 90-mesh screen to remove larger particles to obtain a whole chicken powder with uniform particle size. The prepared whole chicken powder needs to be sealed and stored.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A fish feed consists of 30g of whole chicken meal, 20g of fish meal, 30g of soybean meal, 10g of vitamin premix and 10g of mineral additive.

[0034] Preparation method: After the above raw materials are mixed evenly, the microwave equipment is operated for 10 minutes at a microwave frequency of 2450MHz and a power of 10kw, and the materials reach 90°C; the raw materials after microwave treatment are then extruded into granular fish feed by a granulator, with a particle size of 3mm; the prepared particles are air-cooled at a wind speed of 2m / s for 20 minutes. After the moisture content of the feed is tested to be qualified (10% to 12%) and the integrity of the particles is qualified (the breakage rate is less than 5%), the feed is packaged and stored.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A fish feed consists of 28g of whole chicken meal, 22g of fish meal, 28g of soybean meal, 12g of vitamin premix and 8g of mineral additives.

[0037] Preparation method: After the above raw materials are mixed evenly, the microwave frequency is 2200MHz, the power is 8kw, and the microwave equipment is operated for 8 minutes until the material reaches 85°C; the raw materials after microwave treatment are extruded into granular fish feed through a granulator, and the particle size is 2.5mm; the prepared particles are air-cooled at a wind speed of 1m / s for 30 minutes. After the moisture content of the feed is tested to be qualified (10% to 12%) and the integrity of the particles is qualified (the breakage rate is less than 5%), it is packaged and stored.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A fish feed consists of 32g of whole chicken meal, 18g of fish meal, 32g of soybean meal, 8g of vitamin premix and 12g of mineral additives.

[0040] Preparation method: After the above raw materials are mixed evenly, the microwave equipment is operated for 10 minutes at a microwave frequency of 2450MHz and a power of 6kw, and the materials reach 80°C; the raw materials after microwave treatment are then extruded into granular fish feed by a granulator, with a particle size of 4mm; the prepared particles are air-cooled at a wind speed of 3m / s for 10 minutes. After the moisture content of the feed is tested to be qualified (10% to 12%) and the integrity of the particles is qualified (the breakage rate is less than 5%), the feed is packaged and stored.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A fish feed consists of 29g of whole chicken meal, 21g of fish meal, 29g of soybean meal, 11g of vitamin premix and 9g of mineral additives.

[0043] Preparation method: After the above raw materials are mixed evenly, the microwave frequency is 1500MHz, the power is 7kw, and the microwave equipment is operated for 7 minutes until the materials reach 75°C; the raw materials after microwave treatment are extruded into granular fish feed through a granulator, and the particle size is 2.5mm; the prepared particles are naturally cooled for 1 hour. After the moisture content of the feed is tested to be qualified (10% to 12%) and the particle integrity is qualified (broken rate <5%), it is packaged and stored.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] A fish feed consists of 31g of whole chicken meal, 19g of fish meal, 31g of soybean meal, 9g of vitamin premix and 11g of mineral additives.

[0046] Preparation method: After the above raw materials are mixed evenly, the microwave equipment is operated for 6 minutes at a microwave frequency of 1800MHz and a power of 9kw until the materials reach 80°C; the raw materials after microwave treatment are then extruded into granular fish feed through a granulator with a particle size of 4mm; the prepared particles are naturally cooled for 2 hours. After the moisture content of the feed is tested to be qualified (10% to 12%) and the integrity of the particles is qualified (crushing degree <5%), it is packaged and stored.

[0047] Embodiments 6 to 9

[0048] The raw material composition of Examples 6 to 9 is the same as that of Example 1. The difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is only in the microwave frequency, power, time and the temperature reached by the material. The rest is the same as Example 1. The microwave frequency, power, time and the temperature reached by the material of Examples 6 to 9 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0049] Table 1 Microwave treatment parameters of Examples 6 to 9

[0050] Example Microwave frequency MHz Microwave power kw Microwave time min Material temperature ℃ Example 6 1500 4 7 65 Example 7 900 10 10 80 Example 8 1000 6 8 70 Example 9 900 3 10 60

[0051] Comparative Example 1-1 to Comparative Example 3-2

[0052] The raw material compositions of Comparative Examples 1-1 to Comparative Examples 3-2 are the same as those of Example 1. The preparation methods differ from those of Example 1 only in the microwave frequency, power, time, and the temperature reached by the materials. The rest are the same as Example 1. The microwave frequency, power, time, and the temperature reached by the materials of Comparative Examples 1-1 to Comparative Examples 3-2 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0053] Table 2 Microwave treatment parameters of Comparative Examples 1-1 to Comparative Examples 3 to 2

[0054]

[0055] Test Example 1

[0056] Feed nutrient retention rate test

[0057] Considering that the temperature is indirectly determined by the heat generated by the microwave equipment, the effect of different microwave settings on the nutritional components of the feed was determined by making the feed reach a stable temperature. Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to Comparative Examples 3-2 were used as test samples, and the content of vitamin C was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the content of the key amino acid, lysine, was detected by an amino acid analyzer. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0058] Table 3 Feed nutrient retention measurement results

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Conclusion: From the results of various embodiments and comparative examples, it can be seen that when using microwave technology to prepare fish feed, reasonably adjusting the frequency, power, and time within the normal parameter range can maintain a high nutrient content. For example, moderate fine-tuning of the high frequency band, reasonable matching of the medium frequency, and optimization of energy input at the low frequency can optimize the nutrient content. Abnormal parameters, such as low-frequency uneven temperature, ultra-high frequency, no power, ultra-high power, extremely short or extremely long time, etc., will greatly reduce the nutrient content in the feed, and affect the material properties and feed quality. This shows that the microwave parameters of the preparation method of the present invention play a key role in retaining the nutrition of the feed to the greatest extent, thereby ensuring the quality of the fish feed.

[0062] Test Example 2

[0063] Feed palatability and its effect on fish growth performance

[0064] 1. Experimental Protocol

[0065] (1) Experimental fish selection:

[0066] The experiment used a common warm-water fish, crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The reason for choosing crucian carp is that it is widely distributed, has strong adaptability, and is representative of its response to changes in feed. It can better reflect the differences in the effects of microwave-tempered feed under different parameters, making it easier to promote the experimental conclusions to other farmed fish.

[0067] (2) Breeding environment settings:

[0068] The experiment was conducted in an indoor temperature-controlled breeding pond. Each breeding pond has a volume of 1 cubic meter. The water temperature is maintained at 25±1℃ through a constant temperature control system to simulate the natural water temperature environment suitable for the growth of crucian carp and ensure that the water temperature factor does not interfere with the evaluation of the impact of feed on fish growth. The breeding pond is equipped with a circulating filtration water system to ensure clean water quality, maintain dissolved oxygen at 5-6mg / L, and ammonia nitrogen content below 0.1mg / L, providing good water quality conditions for fish growth. Lighting is supplemented by natural light combined with simulated fluorescent tubes. The light cycle is 12 hours of light: 12 hours of darkness, following the natural circadian rhythm.

[0069] (3) Grouping and feeding:

[0070] The crucian carp fry were randomly divided into 15 experimental groups, each group of 50 fish, to ensure that the initial fish health was similar and the size was uniform, the average initial weight was about 10 grams, and the body length was about 50 mm. Each experimental group was fed with different fish feeds, namely the feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to Comparative Examples 3-2.

[0071] Feed twice a day at 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., with a feed amount of 3% of the total weight of the fish. Spread the feed evenly in the pond to avoid feed accumulation and ensure that each fish has an equal opportunity to eat. Within 1 hour after each feeding, observe the fish's feeding situation through an underwater camera, record the amount and frequency of feeding, and remove any excess feed in time to avoid affecting the water quality.

[0072] (4) Data measurement and recording:

[0073] During the breeding period, the fish weight was measured every 10 days using an electronic scale with an accuracy of 0.1 grams. The fish were placed carefully to avoid injury. The weight of each fish was quickly measured and recorded. The body length was measured with a ruler with an accuracy of 1 mm. The fish body was naturally stretched during the measurement. The fish was measured from the snout to the base of the tail fin to record accurate data. At the same time, the water temperature and water quality parameters during the breeding process, as well as the daily behavior of the fish, such as swimming activity and signs of disease, were recorded to monitor the growth status of the fish in all aspects.

[0074] 2. Test results

[0075] (1) Feed palatability test: In the breeding experiment, a specialist observed and recorded the fish's food intake (in grams) and feeding frequency (times / min) through an underwater camera within 1 hour after feeding. The palatability of the feed at different temperatures was evaluated based on the stable temperature of the feed under different microwave equipment parameters and the sensory condition of the feed. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0076] Table 4 Feed palatability test results

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Conclusion: From the results of various embodiments and comparative examples, it can be seen that when using microwave technology to prepare fish feed, reasonably adjusting the frequency, power, and time within the normal parameter range can maintain a good feed palatability. Different frequency bands, powers, and time combinations have their own effects on feed maturation, particle properties, and aroma emission, thereby affecting the fish's willingness to eat. Abnormal parameters, such as low-frequency uneven temperature, ultra-high frequency, no power, ultra-high power, extremely short or extremely long time, etc., will greatly reduce the palatability of the feed and frustrate the fish's enthusiasm for eating. This shows that the microwave parameters of the present invention can effectively improve the palatability of the feed and ensure the quality of the fish feed.

[0080] (2) Fish growth performance test: During the breeding period, the fish weight was measured every 10 days using an electronic scale with an accuracy of 0.1 g, and the weight gain was expressed as an integer. The body length was measured with a ruler with an accuracy of 1 mm, and the data was recorded and the growth within 30 days was calculated. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0081] Table 5 Effects of each group of feed on fish growth

[0082] Example / Comparative Example Weight gain g Body length increase (mm) Example 1 120 25 Example 2 105 22 Example 3 95 20 Example 4 80 18 Example 5 90 20 Example 6 70 16 Example 7 65 15 Example 8 75 17 Example 9 60 14 Comparative Example 1-1 30 8 Comparative Example 1-2 40 10 Comparative Example 2-1 50 12 Comparative Example 3-1 45 11 Comparative Example 3-2 35 9

[0083] Conclusion: From the results of various embodiments and comparative examples, it can be seen that when using microwave technology to prepare fish feed, reasonably adjusting the frequency, power, and time within the normal parameter range can effectively promote fish growth. The stable temperature generated by different frequency bands, powers, and times is compatible with the feed nutrition, affecting the growth performance of fish. Abnormal parameters, such as low-frequency uneven temperature, ultra-high frequency, no power, ultra-high power, extremely short or extremely long time, etc., will seriously hinder the growth of fish. The main reasons are poor feed quality, nutritional imbalance or deterioration. It shows that the microwave parameters of the present invention play a key role in ensuring the good growth of fish and improving the quality of fish feed.

[0084] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fish feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 to 32 parts of whole chicken powder, 18 to 22 parts of fish meal, 28 to 32 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 12 parts of vitamin premix and 8 to 12 parts of mineral additive.

2. The fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 29 to 31 parts of whole chicken powder, 19 to 21 parts of fish meal, 29 to 31 parts of soybean meal, 9 to 11 parts of vitamin premix and 9 to 11 parts of mineral additive.

3. The method for preparing fish feed according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The whole chicken meal, fish meal, soybean meal, vitamin premix and mineral additive are uniformly mixed, subjected to microwave treatment, and prepared to obtain the fish feed; The microwave treatment has a frequency of 900-2450Mhz, a power of 1-10kw, and a time of 3-10min.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation is for preparing granules.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the granules is 0.5 to 8 mm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the granules is: 0.5mm≤particle size≤2mm for small fish, 2mm<particle size≤4mm for medium fish, and 4mm<particle size≤8mm for large fish.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The small fish is guppy or tetra, the medium-sized fish is grass carp or crucian carp, and the large fish is sea bass or catfish.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle breakage rate is less than 5%.

9. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The moisture content of the fish feed is 10% to 12%.

10. Use of the fish feed according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 9 in fish farming.

Images