A method and apparatus for optimizing seismic acquisition geometry parameters

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of seismic acquisition observation system, provide a kind of method, system, equipment and storage medium for optimizing seismic acquisition observation parameter, method includes: determining the geological structure form of target layer in study area to establish the geological structure model of study area, and the wave equation forward shooting of geological structure model is obtained Single-shot record data;Single-shot record data is carried out prestack time migration to obtain common reflection point gather, the distortion stretch of far-offset moveout phase axis in common reflection point gather of target layer is analyzed, and AVO response condition;Common reflection point gather is converted into angle domain gather, and the phase axis condition in angle domain gather of different positions of target layer is analyzed;According to the distortion stretch of far-offset moveout phase axis in common reflection point gather and AVO response condition and the phase axis condition in angle domain gather, seismic observation system parameter is optimized.The present application is more intuitive analysis and optimizes seismic acquisition observation system parameter by directly analyzing geological target forward gather.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic acquisition and observation systems, and more specifically, to a method, system, device, and storage medium for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, the design of acquisition parameters for seismic observation systems has largely followed the design approach of uniform coverage based on the assumption of a common center point in horizontally layered media. In terms of surface element and trace spacing design, the acquisition scheme is still designed based on a single demonstration point and information such as stratum dip angle and diffraction convergence. In terms of maximum offset design, it is still calculated based on simple formulas such as velocity analysis accuracy and dynamic correction stretching. These techniques are products of relatively backward seismic data processing technology in the era of horizontal stacking. Faced with increasingly complex geological targets, this design can no longer meet the requirements of achieving economical seismic exploration for increasingly complex geological targets.

[0003] On the other hand, although geophysicists have proposed seismic wavefield illumination analysis technology in recent years, using forward modeling to understand and study the distribution of seismic wavefield energy in subsurface structures under known geological models and given observation systems, and evaluating acquisition effectiveness by analyzing the illumination energy distribution of various subsurface elements, thus optimizing acquisition parameters with good results, seismic wavefield illumination technology mainly focuses on analyzing and optimizing seismic acquisition system parameters from the acquisition perspective. It does not consider the angle gathers, which are crucial for AVO (amplitude variation with offset) inversion of the target layer, from the perspective of integrated acquisition, processing, and interpretation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a method, system, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system. This invention utilizes techniques such as establishing a typical geological model of the study area, forward modeling of blasting using wave equations, generating and analyzing model CRP (Common Reflection Point) gathers, and converting and analyzing model angle domain gathers. By directly analyzing the CRP gathers and angle domain gathers of geological targets, this invention can more closely approximate the actual geological targets and intuitively analyze and optimize the parameters of the seismic observation system from the perspective of integrated acquisition, processing, and interpretation, thereby enabling the seismic observation system to achieve optimal performance.

[0005] Based on the above objectives, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system, comprising the following steps: determining the geological structural morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area, and performing wave equation forward modeling on the geological structural model to obtain single-shot record data; performing pre-stack time migration on the single-shot record data to obtain common reflection point gathers, and analyzing the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axes in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer; converting the common reflection point gathers into angle domain gathers, and analyzing the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers at different locations of the target layer; and optimizing the parameters of the seismic observation system based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axes in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers.

[0006] In some implementations, the step of determining the geological structural morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area includes setting up a geological structural model based on the stratigraphy, faults, and anomalies of the target layer in the study area.

[0007] In some implementations, the step of performing wave equation forward modeling on the geological structure model to obtain single-shot record data includes: setting observation system parameters for the geological structure model, including parameters such as maximum offset, trace spacing, and shot distance; and calculating single-shot record data based on the amplitude, wave propagation rate, and Laplace operator relative to the corresponding position and time.

[0008] In some implementations, the step of obtaining common reflection point gathers by pre-stack time migration of the single-shot record data includes: aligning the seismic signals in the single-shot record data for gather registration, processing the registered gathers using pre-stack time migration, and reconstructing the processed gathers to form common reflection point gathers with different common centroids.

[0009] In some implementations, the step of converting the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather includes: converting the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather at preset angle intervals.

[0010] In some implementations, the step of optimizing the seismic observation system parameters based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather and the phase axis in the angle domain gather includes: increasing the maximum offset distance in response to normal distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather; and shortening the maximum offset distance in response to abnormal distortion stretching or AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather.

[0011] In some implementations, the step of optimizing the seismic observation system parameters based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axes in the common reflection point gather and the phase axes in the angle domain gather includes: increasing the coverage count or shortening the inter-trace spacing in response to the occurrence of missing values ​​in the seismic record traces in the phase axes of the angle domain gather; reducing the maximum offset distance in response to the large-angle range phase axis distortion in the angle domain gather; and increasing the maximum offset distance in response to the inability of the large-angle range of the angle domain gather to meet the AVO inversion requirements.

[0012] In another aspect, this invention provides a system for optimizing parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system, comprising: a model module configured to determine the geological structural morphology of a target layer in a study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area, and to perform wave equation forward modeling on the geological structural model to obtain single-shot record data; a first analysis module configured to perform pre-stack time migration on the single-shot record data to obtain common reflection point gathers, and to analyze the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axes in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer; a second analysis module configured to convert the common reflection point gathers into angle domain gathers, and to analyze the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers at different locations of the target layer; and an execution module configured to optimize the parameters of the seismic observation system based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axes in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers.

[0013] In another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory storing computer instructions executable on the processor, the instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method described above.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method steps.

[0015] This invention has the following beneficial technical effects: by establishing a typical geological model of the study area, simulating blasting using wave equation forward modeling, generating and analyzing model CRP gathers, and converting and analyzing model angle domain gathers, and by directly analyzing geological target CRP gathers and angle domain gathers, it is possible to more closely analyze and optimize seismic observation system parameters from the perspective of integrated acquisition, processing, and interpretation, so as to enable the seismic observation system to achieve optimal performance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a geological model of the study area provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-shot record obtained from model forward modeling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a common reflection point gather obtained after pre-stack time offset according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the conversion of a common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the system for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an embodiment of the electronic device for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a computer storage medium for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and the accompanying drawings.

[0026] It should be noted that all uses of "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are for the purpose of distinguishing two entities or parameters with the same name but different names. It is clear that "first" and "second" are only for the convenience of expression and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Subsequent embodiments will not explain this in detail.

[0027] In a first aspect, an embodiment of a method for optimizing parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system is proposed. Figure 1The diagram shown is an embodiment of the method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters provided by the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the embodiments of the present invention include the following steps:

[0028] S1. Determine the geological structure of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structure model of the study area, and perform wave equation forward modeling on the geological structure model to obtain single-shot record data.

[0029] S2. Perform pre-stack time migration on the single-shot recorded data to obtain common reflection point gathers, and analyze the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-off phase axis in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer.

[0030] S3. Convert the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather and analyze the in-phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers at different positions of the target layer.

[0031] S4. Optimize the parameters of the seismic observation system based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-off phase axis in the common reflection point gather and the phase axis in the angle domain gather.

[0032] This invention addresses the problems existing in the design of current seismic acquisition and observation systems. Building upon previous methods that analyzed whether the parameters of seismic observation systems met the requirements for AVO inversion of geological targets based on layered media, this invention expands upon these methods by introducing techniques such as establishing typical geological models of the study area, forward modeling of wave equations to simulate shot blasting, generating and analyzing model CRP gathers, and converting and analyzing model angle domain gathers. By directly analyzing geological target CRP gathers and angle domain gathers, this invention forms a method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation systems using forward modeling gathers.

[0033] The geological structure of the target layer in the study area is determined to establish a geological structure model of the study area, and wave equation forward modeling is performed on the geological structure model to obtain single-shot record data.

[0034] In some embodiments, the step of determining the geological structural morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area includes: setting up a geological structural model based on the stratigraphy, faults, and anomalies of the target layer in the study area. Based on previous seismic geological knowledge of the study area, the typical geological structural morphology of the main target layer is determined, including but not limited to stratigraphy, faults, and anomalies, and a geological structural model of the study area is established. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the geological model of the study area provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this model is a simplified typical geological model established based on previous understanding of the actual work area.

[0035] In some implementations, the step of obtaining single-shot record data by performing wave equation forward modeling on the geological structure model includes: setting observation system parameters for the geological structure model, including parameters such as maximum offset, trace spacing, and shot distance; calculating single-shot record data based on the amplitude, wave propagation rate, and Laplace operator relative to the corresponding location and time. Observation systems with different parameters are designed for the established geological structure model. For example, based on the horizontal layered medium demonstration method, a bilateral observation system with a maximum offset of 3290 meters, a trace spacing of 20 meters, and a shot distance of 40 meters was initially set. Wave equation forward modeling is then performed using the following formula to obtain single-shot record data for the model.

[0036]

[0037] Where: u = u(x,t) is a measurement of the wave intensity at a specific location x and a specific time t, i.e., the amplitude; a is usually a fixed constant, i.e., the wave propagation speed. It is the Laplace operator relative to the position variable x. Note that u can be a scalar or a vector.

[0038] Under a given observation system, forward modeling simulations of shot firing were performed using the wave equation formula, yielding a series of single-shot records from different observation points. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-shot record obtained from the forward modeling provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the hyperbolic phase axes correspond to the reflections of different target layers.

[0039] The single-shot recorded data is pre-stacked to obtain common reflection point gathers. The distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-off phase axis in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer are analyzed.

[0040] In some implementations, the step of obtaining common reflection point gathers by pre-stack time migration of the single-shot record data includes: aligning the seismic signals in the single-shot record data for gather registration; processing the registered gathers using pre-stack time migration; and reconstructing the processed gathers to form common reflection point gathers with different common centroids. Pre-stack time migration is performed on the generated single-shot records from a series of different observation points, converting the single-shot records of each CMP point into CRP gathers for that point, and analyzing the distortion stretching of the far-shifted phase axis and AVO response anomalies in the CRP gathers of the target layer.

[0041] The common reflection point gather is converted into an angle domain gather, and the in-phase axis of the angle domain gathers at different positions of the target layer is analyzed.

[0042] In some implementations, the step of converting the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather includes: converting the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather at preset angle intervals. The formed CRP gather is then converted into an angle domain gather divided at 1° intervals, and the phase axis of the angle gathers at different locations in the target layer is analyzed.

[0043] The parameters of the seismic observation system are optimized based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axis of the angle domain gathers.

[0044] In some implementations, the step of optimizing seismic observation system parameters based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers includes: increasing the maximum offset in response to normal distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gathers; and shortening the maximum offset in response to abnormal distortion stretching or AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gathers. If the distortion stretching or AVO response is normal, the maximum offset of the seismic acquisition observation system is considered to be increased to fully meet the requirements of pre-stack AVO inversion for the gathers; if the distortion stretching or AVO response is abnormally severe, the offset can be appropriately shortened to reduce exploration costs.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the common reflection point gather obtained after pre-stack time migration provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, assuming the coal seam at depths of 300 to 308 meters is the primary target layer in the geological model, the corresponding horizontal phase axis at 400 ms exhibits severe distortion at an offset of approximately 1800 meters. This indicates that when designing and optimizing the seismic observation system for this target layer, the maximum offset can be appropriately reduced. The same applies to the other layers.

[0046] In some implementations, the steps of optimizing seismic observation system parameters based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axes in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axes in the angle domain gathers include: increasing the coverage count or shortening the inter-trace spacing in response to missing values ​​in the seismic record traces of the phase axes in the angle domain gathers; decreasing the maximum offset distance in response to large-angle phase axis distortion in the angle domain gathers; and increasing the maximum offset distance in response to the inability of the large-angle range of the angle domain gathers to meet the AVO inversion requirements. If missing values ​​appear in the seismic record traces in the angle gathers divided into 1° intervals, it indicates that the coverage count or inter-trace spacing of the seismic acquisition observation system may be inappropriate, and it is necessary to increase the coverage count or shorten the inter-trace spacing; if the phase axis distortion is severe in the large-angle range of the angle gathers, it is possible to consider appropriately reducing the offset distance; if the angle gathers become significantly weaker or disappear before reaching 45°, it is necessary to consider appropriately increasing the offset distance.

[0047] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram illustrating the conversion of the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, if the target layer is at 200ms, its angle gathers show null values, failing to meet the requirements for pre-stack AVO inversion. The corresponding seismic observation system should consider increasing the coverage times or reducing the inter-trace spacing. When the primary target layer is at 400ms, the same problem as with CRP gathers is observed: significant distortion of the phase axis appears in a large angle range above 45°. Therefore, when designing an observation system for this target layer, reducing the maximum offset can be considered to lower costs. Similar problems exist when the primary target layers are at 620ms and 800ms. If the strata at 1100ms and below are the primary target layers, their phase axes above 35° show significant weakening or disappearance, directly affecting the requirements for pre-stack AVO inversion. Therefore, if these strata are the primary target layers, the offset should be appropriately increased when optimizing the observation system design.

[0048] It should be particularly noted that the steps in each embodiment of the above-described method for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system can be interchanged, substituted, added, or deleted. Therefore, these reasonable permutations and combinations of the method for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system should also fall within the scope of protection of this invention, and the scope of protection of this invention should not be limited to the embodiments.

[0049] Based on the above objectives, a second aspect of this invention proposes a system for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system. For example... Figure 6 As shown, system 200 includes the following modules: a model module, configured to determine the geological structure morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structure model of the study area, and to perform wave equation forward modeling on the geological structure model to obtain single-shot record data; a first analysis module, configured to perform pre-stack time migration on the single-shot record data to obtain common reflection point gathers, and to analyze the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axis in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer; a second analysis module, configured to convert the common reflection point gathers into angle domain gathers, and to analyze the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers at different locations of the target layer; and an execution module, configured to optimize the parameters of the seismic observation system based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axis in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers.

[0050] In some implementations, the model module is configured to: set up a geological structural model based on the stratigraphy, faults, and anomalies of the target layer in the study area.

[0051] In some implementations, the model module is configured to: set observation system parameters for the geological structure model, including maximum offset, trace spacing, and shot distance; and calculate single-shot record data based on the amplitude, wave propagation rate, and Laplace operator relative to the corresponding location and time.

[0052] In some implementations, the first analysis module is configured to: align seismic signals in single-shot record data for gather registration, process the registered gathers using pre-stack time migration, and reconstruct the processed gathers to form common reflection point gathers with different common centroids.

[0053] In some implementations, the second analysis module is configured to convert the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather at preset angle intervals.

[0054] In some implementations, the execution module is configured to: increase the maximum offset distance in response to normal distortion stretching and AVO response of the far offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather; and decrease the maximum offset distance in response to abnormal distortion stretching or AVO response of the far offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather.

[0055] In some implementations, the execution module is configured to: increase the number of coverages or shorten the inter-track spacing in response to the occurrence of null values ​​in the seismic record traces in the phase axis of the angle domain gather; decrease the maximum offset in response to large-angle-range phase axis distortion in the angle domain gather; and increase the maximum offset in response to the large-angle-range of the angle domain gather failing to meet the AVO inversion requirements.

[0056] Based on the above objectives, a third aspect of the present invention proposes an electronic device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory storing computer instructions executable by the processor to perform the following steps: S1, determining the geological structural morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area, and performing wave equation forward modeling on the geological structural model to obtain single-shot record data; S2, performing pre-stack time migration on the single-shot record data to obtain common reflection point gathers, and analyzing the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axes in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer; S3, converting the common reflection point gathers into angle domain gathers, and analyzing the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers at different locations of the target layer; S4, optimizing the parameters of the seismic observation system based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-shifted phase axes in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axis situation in the angle domain gathers.

[0057] In some embodiments, the step of determining the geological structural morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area includes: setting up a geological structural model based on the stratigraphy, faults, and anomalies of the target layer in the study area.

[0058] In some embodiments, the step of performing wave equation forward modeling on the geological structure model to obtain single-shot record data includes: setting observation system parameters for the geological structure model, including maximum offset, trace spacing, and shot distance; and calculating single-shot record data based on the amplitude, wave propagation rate, and Laplace operator relative to the corresponding position and time.

[0059] In some implementations, the step of obtaining common reflection point gathers by pre-stack time migration of the single-shot record data includes: aligning the seismic signals in the single-shot record data for gather registration, processing the registered gathers using pre-stack time migration, and reconstructing the processed gathers to form common reflection point gathers with different common centroids.

[0060] In some implementations, the step of converting the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather includes: converting the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather at preset angle intervals.

[0061] In some implementations, the step of optimizing the seismic observation system parameters based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather and the phase axis in the angle domain gather includes: increasing the maximum offset distance in response to normal distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather; and shortening the maximum offset distance in response to abnormal distortion stretching or AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather.

[0062] In some implementations, the steps of optimizing the seismic observation system parameters based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axes in the common reflection point gathers and the phase axes in the angle domain gathers include: increasing the coverage times or shortening the inter-trace spacing in response to the occurrence of missing values ​​in the seismic record traces in the phase axes of the angle domain gathers; reducing the maximum offset distance in response to the large-angle range phase axis distortion in the angle domain gathers; and increasing the maximum offset distance in response to the inability of the large-angle range of the angle domain gathers to meet the AVO inversion requirements.

[0063] like Figure 7 The figure shown is a hardware structure diagram of an embodiment of the electronic device for optimizing the parameters of the seismic acquisition and observation system provided by the present invention.

[0064] For example Figure 7 Taking the device shown as an example, the device includes a processor 301 and a memory 302.

[0065] Processor 301 and memory 302 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 7 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0066] The memory 302, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters in this embodiment. The processor 301 executes various server functions and data processing by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 302, thereby implementing the method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters.

[0067] Memory 302 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function. The data storage area may store data created using methods for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters. Furthermore, memory 302 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 302 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to processor 301, and these remote memories may be connected to the local module via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0068] One or more methods for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters are stored in memory 302. When executed by processor 301, the method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters in any of the above method embodiments is executed.

[0069] Any embodiment of the electronic device that performs the above-described method for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system can achieve the same or similar effects as any of the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0070] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs a method for optimizing parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system.

[0071] like Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the computer storage medium for optimizing the parameters of the seismic acquisition and observation system provided by the present invention. Figure 8 Taking the computer storage medium shown as an example, the computer-readable storage medium 401 stores a computer program 402 that, when executed by a processor, performs the above method.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program for optimizing the parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium for the program can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc. The above computer program embodiments can achieve the same or similar effects as any of the corresponding foregoing method embodiments.

[0073] The above are exemplary embodiments disclosed in this invention. However, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this invention as defined by the claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the methods according to the disclosed embodiments described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although the elements disclosed in the embodiments of this invention may be described or claimed individually, they may be understood as multiple unless explicitly limited to a singular number.

[0074] It should be understood that, as used herein, the singular form “a” is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly supports an exception. It should also be understood that, as used herein, “and / or” refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0075] The embodiment numbers disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0076] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0077] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the framework of the invention, technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can be combined, and many other variations of different aspects of the invention exist, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The geological structure of the target layer in the study area is determined to establish a geological structure model of the study area, and wave equation forward modeling is performed on the geological structure model to obtain single-shot record data. The single-shot recording data is pre-stacked to obtain common reflection point gathers. The distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-off phase axis in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer are analyzed. The common reflection point gather is converted into an angle domain gather, and the in-phase axis situation in the angle domain gather at different positions of the target layer is analyzed. Based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-offset phase axis in the common reflection point gather and the phase axis in the angle domain gather, the parameters of the seismic observation system are optimized, including: If the distortion stretching and AVO response of the common reflection point channel concentration at the far offset phase axis are normal, then the maximum offset distance is increased. In response to distortion stretching or abnormal AVO response due to a far offset from the in-phase axis in the common reflection point concentration, the maximum offset distance is shortened; or In response to missing values ​​in the seismic record traces in the phase axis of the angle domain gather, the coverage count is increased or the trace spacing is shortened. In response to large-angle-range in-phase axis distortion in the angle domain gather, the maximum offset distance is reduced; In response to the fact that the large angle range of the angle domain gather cannot meet the requirements of AVO inversion, the maximum offset is increased.

2. The method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of determining the geological structural morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area include: A geological structural model is set up based on the stratigraphy, faults, and anomalies of the target layer in the study area.

3. The method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing wave equation forward modeling on the geological structure model to obtain single-shot record data includes: The observation system parameters of the geological structure model are set, including parameters such as maximum offset, trace spacing and shot distance; Single-shot recording data is calculated based on the amplitude, wave propagation rate, and Laplace operator relative to the corresponding position and time.

4. The method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing pre-stack time shifting on the single-shot record data to obtain common reflection point gathers includes: The seismic signals in the single-shot record data are aligned for gather registration. The registered gathers are processed using pre-stack time migration, and the processed gathers are reconstructed to form common reflection point gathers at different common centroids.

5. The method for optimizing seismic acquisition and observation system parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of converting the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather includes: The common reflection point gather is converted into an angle domain gather at preset angle intervals.

6. A system for optimizing parameters of a seismic acquisition and observation system, characterized in that, include: The model module is configured to determine the geological structural morphology of the target layer in the study area to establish a geological structural model of the study area, and to perform wave equation forward modeling on the geological structural model to obtain single-shot record data. The first analysis module is configured to perform pre-stack time migration on the single-shot recorded data to obtain common reflection point gathers, and analyze the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-off phase axis in the common reflection point gathers of the target layer. The second analysis module is configured to convert the common reflection point gather into an angle domain gather and analyze the in-phase axis situation in the angle domain gather at different positions of the target layer. The execution module is configured to optimize the parameters of the seismic observation system based on the distortion stretching and AVO response of the far-off phase axis in the common reflection point gather and the phase axis of the angle domain gather. The execution module is also used to: increase the maximum offset distance in response to the distortion stretching of the far offset phase axis in the common reflection point convergence and the normal AVO response. In response to distortion stretching or abnormal AVO response due to a far offset from the in-phase axis in the common reflection point concentration, the maximum offset distance is shortened; or In response to missing values ​​in the seismic record traces in the phase axis of the angle domain gather, the coverage count is increased or the trace spacing is shortened. In response to large-angle-range in-phase axis distortion in the angle domain gather, the maximum offset distance is reduced; In response to the fact that the large angle range of the angle domain gather cannot meet the requirements of AVO inversion, the maximum offset is increased.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; And a memory storing computer instructions executable on the processor, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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